CN116456937A - 假体瓣膜递送系统 - Google Patents
假体瓣膜递送系统 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
- A61F2/2454—Means for preventing inversion of the valve leaflets, e.g. chordae tendineae prostheses
- A61F2/2457—Chordae tendineae prostheses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
- A61F2/2466—Delivery devices therefor
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0091—Three-dimensional shapes helically-coiled or spirally-coiled, i.e. having a 2-D spiral cross-section
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0029—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in bending or flexure capacity
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Abstract
一种用于将螺旋锚递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的递送系统,包括锚控制导管和从锚控制导管延伸的锚导引器。锚导引器包括柔性构造和刚性构造。在刚性构造中的锚导引器包括近侧区部、中间区部和远侧区部。近侧区部包括直的中心轴线并从锚控制导管延伸,中间区部从中心轴线轴向地且径向向外地成螺旋形,并且远侧区部在垂直于中心轴线的平面内围绕中心轴线同轴地卷曲。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2020年8月31日提交的标题为“VALVE DELIVERY SYSTEM(瓣膜递送系统)”的美国临时专利申请第63/072,788号的优先权,该美国临时专利申请的整体通过引用并入本文。
通过引用并入
本说明书中提及的所有出版物和专利申请均通过引用以其整体并入本文,其程度如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被明确地且单独地表明其通过引用被并入。
背景
心脏腔室之间的血液流动由天然瓣膜(二尖瓣、主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣和三尖瓣)调节。这些瓣膜中的每一个都是被动单向瓣膜,它们响应压差而打开和关闭。患有瓣膜疾病的患者具有至少一个瓣膜的异常解剖结构和/或功能。例如,当瓣膜没有完全关闭时,瓣膜可能会出现功能不全,也称为回流,并且允许血液逆行流动。瓣膜狭窄可造成瓣膜无法正常打开。其它疾病也可导致瓣膜功能障碍。虽然药物可以用来治疗这种疾病,但在许多情况下,有缺陷的瓣膜可能需要在患者一生中的某个时候进行修复或置换。现有的瓣膜和外科修复和/或置换规程可能具有相对较高的风险、有限的寿命和/或高度侵入性。一些侵入性较小的经导管选项是可用的,但是这些选项通常仅限于主动脉瓣规程,患者与患者之间的灵活性有限,并且通常需要比期望的植入时间更长的时间。因此,希望提供一种用于修复和置换心脏瓣膜(包括二尖瓣)的侵入性较小的规程,更快的手术方法和/或可以适应各种个体患者的假体瓣膜。
此外,现有的瓣膜修复/置换规程通常复杂且耗时。目前可用的规程通常需要放置多于一个部件,例如,一个假体瓣膜和一个将其锚定在天然解剖结构上的机构。这种规程通常利用多个递送导管来携带各种部件并将每个部件分别递送到瓣膜,这可能是耗时的(特别是如果部件被顺序递送的话)、复杂的和/或危险的。例如,一些装置提供旋转锚定元件来捕获天然解剖结构,例如腱索,以便减少递送时间。然而,这种锚定元件通常通过设计在其旋转期间捕获并拉拽腱索,这可能在锚定元件部署期间扭转或以其它方式压迫并损坏腱索,导致需要对患者进行附加的医疗干预。此外,这种锚定元件可能需要在天然瓣膜处或附近从低轮廓(例如,长形的)递送构造膨化到扩展构造。在至少一些情况下,锚定元件的膨化可能是复杂的,并且可能不能相对于递送装置和/或天然解剖结构可靠地部署成正确的扩展构造。不正确的部署可能导致缩回和重新部署锚定元件的附加时间、更复杂的锚定规程和/或对天然组织的损伤。因此,希望提供用于瓣膜置换和修复的更快、更简单、更不危险和可更可靠部署的瓣膜组件。
本公开的概述
一般而言,在一个实施例中,用于将螺旋锚递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的递送系统包括锚控制导管和从锚控制导管延伸的锚导引器。锚导引器包括柔性构造和刚性构造。在刚性构造中的锚导引器包括近侧区部、中间区部和远侧区部。近侧区部包括直的中心轴线并从锚控制导管延伸,中间区部从中心轴线轴向地且径向向外地成螺旋形,并且远侧区部在垂直于中心轴线的平面内围绕中心轴线同轴地卷曲。
该实施例和其他实施例可以包括以下特征中的一个或更多个。锚导引器可以包括多个切口,多个切口被构造成限定导引器在刚性构造中的形状。多个切口可以包括窗口切口、互锁螺旋切口或齿状楔形切口。递送系统还可以包括一个或更多个致动元件,致动元件被构造成将导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造。一个或更多个致动元件可以包括嵌套的同轴的轴机构(nested concentric shaft mechanism)或者一个或更多个拉线或线缆。锚导引器可以包括中间形状设定构造,该中间形状设定构造被构造成将锚导引器朝向刚性构造偏置或推动。锚导引器可以包括形状记忆材料。锚导引器可以包括被构造成在其中保持锚的中心通道。锚导引器可以被构造为当锚导引器从柔性构造转变为刚性构造时使定位在中心通道内的锚偏转。锚导引器可以被构造成相对于锚控制导管的中心轴线同轴地定位锚。在柔性构造中的锚导引器可以被构造成定位在递送护套内。
一般而言,在一个实施例中,一种将瓣膜假体递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的方法包括:将递送导管定位在心脏的第一腔室中、将递送导管的锚导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造、将锚从锚导引器内释放、将递送导管从心脏的第一腔室移动到第二腔室使得处于刚性构造的锚导引器位于第二腔室内并且锚相对于递送装置的中心轴线同轴地定位、以及围绕中心轴线旋转处于刚性构造的锚导引器以便旋转锚并使锚环绕天然心脏的腱索。
该实施例和其他实施例可以包括以下特征中的一个或更多个。该方法还可以包括在旋转锚导引器的步骤之后在锚内递送瓣膜框架。递送瓣膜框架可以包括从单独的瓣膜递送导管递送瓣膜框架。当锚导引器处于刚性构造时,锚导引器的远侧区部可以相对于中心轴线同轴地卷曲。释放锚可以包括相对于中心轴线同轴地释放锚。该方法还可以包括在旋转锚导引器的步骤之后,利用锚导引器调节锚的放置。调节该放置可以包括利用锚导引器在锚上施加扭矩。调节该放置可以包括利用锚导引器朝向瓣膜环向近侧移动锚。病变天然瓣膜可以是二尖瓣,第一腔室可以是心房,并且第二腔室可以是心室。该方法还可以包括在将递送导管从第一腔室移动到第二腔室的步骤期间反向旋转锚导引器。在将递送导管从第一腔室移动到第二腔室的步骤之后,锚的整体可以定位在第二腔室内且不定位在第一腔室内。将锚从锚导引器内释放可以包括在锚导引器处于刚性构造时释放锚。将锚从锚导引器内释放可以包括当锚导引器是中间形状设定构造时释放锚,并且释放步骤可以发生在将递送导管的锚导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造的步骤之前。
一般而言,在一个实施例中,用于将螺旋锚递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的递送系统包括锚控制导管和从锚控制导管延伸的锚导引器。锚导引器具有柔性构造和刚性构造。在刚性构造中的锚导引器包括近侧区部、中间区部和远侧区部。近侧区部从锚控制导管延伸,中间区部包括倒转部(inversion),并且远侧区部围绕近侧区部同轴地卷绕。
该实施例和其他实施例可以包括以下特征中的一个或更多个。锚导引器可以包括多个切口,多个切口被构造成限定导引器在刚性构造中的形状。多个切口可以包括窗口切口、互锁螺旋切口或齿状楔形切口。递送系统还可以包括一个或更多个致动元件,致动元件被构造成将导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造。一个或更多个致动元件可以包括嵌套的同轴的轴机构或者一个或更多个拉线或线缆。锚导引器可以包括中间形状设定构造,该中间形状设定构造被构造成将锚导引器朝向刚性构造偏置或推动。锚导引器可以包括形状记忆材料。锚导引器可以包括被构造成在其中保持锚的中心通道。锚导引器可以被构造成当锚导引器从柔性构造转变到刚性构造时使利用中心通道定位的锚偏转。锚导引器可以被构造成相对于锚递送导管的中心轴线同轴地定位锚。在柔性构造中的锚导引器可以被构造成定位在递送护套内。递送系统还可以包括外护套,该外护套位于锚控制导管上,并被构造成在其中容纳假体瓣膜。外护套可以被构造成向近侧缩回,以允许假体瓣膜围绕锚导引器自扩展。
一般而言,在一个实施例中,一种将瓣膜假体递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的方法包括:将递送导管定位在心脏的第一腔室中、将递送导管的锚导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造、当锚导引器处于刚性构造时将锚从锚导引器内释放、将递送导管从心脏的第一腔室移动到第二腔室使得锚导引器在第二腔室内倒转并且锚围绕递送导管同轴地定位、以及旋转锚导引器以便旋转锚并使锚环绕天然心脏的腱索。
该实施例和其他实施例可以包括以下特征中的一个或更多个。该方法还可以包括在旋转锚导引器的步骤之后在锚内递送瓣膜框架。递送瓣膜框架可以包括从递送导管内递送瓣膜框架。递送瓣膜框架可以包括从单独的瓣膜递送导管递送瓣膜框架。当锚导引器处于刚性构造时,锚导引器的远侧区部可以围绕锚导引器的近侧区部同轴地卷绕。释放锚可以包括相对于递送导管同轴地释放锚。该方法还可以包括在旋转锚导引器的步骤之后,利用锚导引器调节锚的放置。调节该放置可以包括利用锚导引器在锚上施加扭矩。调节该放置可以包括利用锚导引器朝向瓣膜环向近侧移动锚。病变天然瓣膜可以是二尖瓣,第一腔室是心房,并且第二腔室是心室。该方法还可以包括在将递送导管从第一腔室移动到第二腔室的步骤期间反向旋转锚导引器。在将递送导管从第一腔室移动到第二腔室的步骤之后,锚的整体可以定位在第二腔室内且不定位在第一腔室内。
附图简述
特别地,本发明的新颖特征在所附权利要求中阐述。通过参考以下详细描述和附图将获得对本发明的特征和优点的更好理解,该详细描述阐述了利用本发明的原理的说明性实施例,在附图中:
图1A-图1C示出了包括倒转锚导引器的递送系统。
图2A-图2H示出了使用倒转导引器和单瓣膜递送导管在天然瓣膜环附近递送锚和瓣膜假体的方法的实施例。
图3A-图3X示出了使用倒转导引器和单瓣膜递送导管在天然瓣膜环附近递送锚和瓣膜假体的方法的实施例。
图4A-图4K示出了使用具有倒转导引器的锚递送导管和单独的瓣膜递送导管在天然瓣膜环附近递送锚和瓣膜假体的方法的实施例。
图5A示出了与单导管递送系统一起使用的倒转锚导引器。
图5B示出了与双导管递送系统一起使用的倒转锚导引器。
图6示出了包括齿状楔形切口的锚导引器的一部分。
图7A-图7I示出了锚导引器的另一个实施例。
图8A-图8M示出了使用与图7A-图7I中所示锚导引器类似的锚导引器来递送锚的方法的实施例。
图9A-图9C示出了从与图7A-图7I中所示的锚导引器类似的锚导引器部署扁平螺旋锚。
图10A示出了锚导引器的中间几何形状设定。图10B示出了图10A的锚导引器处于部署构造。
图11A-图11B示出了用于锚导引器的同轴致动机构。
图12A-图12B示出了锚控制导管到锚导引器的示例性附接。
图13A-图13B示出了没有卷曲窗口切口的切口模式(图13A)与具有卷曲窗口切口的切口模式(图13B)的效果的比较。
详细描述
本文描述了,例如在二尖瓣置换期间,用于递送瓣膜假体的装置和方法,包括锚和/或框架。
图1A-图1C描绘了包括根据本公开的实施例构造的锚导引器1000的递送系统2200。锚导引器1000可以形成锚控制导管122的一部分(例如,可以与锚控制导管122的远侧部分联接)。此外,在一些实施例中,递送系统2200可以包括外护套108,外护套108被构造成在锚控制导管122和/或导引器1000上延伸。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000可以由海波管(hypotube)形成,这种海波管在其中具有多个缝隙或切口1010(参见图1B)。切口1010可以例如使用激光切割模式形成。在一些实施例中,切口1010可以是窗口切口(用于增强柔性)、互锁螺旋切口(例如,能够实现无压缩的柔性构造和在受到压缩时的刚性直构造)和/或齿状楔形切口(例如,能够实现未压缩时的柔性构造和刚性弯曲构造,由此切口1010的相邻边缘在受到压缩时接合或锁定)。图6中示出了包括齿状楔形切口1010的导引器1000的示例性部分。锚导引器1000还可以包括脊(spine)(即,延伸导引器1000的整个长度的连续区部,其中不包括任何切口)。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000被构造成与一个或更多个致动元件(例如,拉线或线缆)联接并由一个或更多个致动元件致动。用更多致动元件致动锚导引器1000可以使锚导引器1000从第一构造(例如,其使得能够将锚导引器1000放置在外护套108内)转变为第二构造(例如,其适于在心脏内操纵和定位锚)。如图1B所示,例如,锚导引器1000可以包括终止于第一终止点1011的第一致动元件和终止于第二终止点1012的第二致动元件。当锚导引器1000从第一构造转变到第二构造时,锚导引器1000的刚度可以增加。第二构造中的锚导引器1000可以有利地具有足够高的刚度,以使锚在导引器1000内偏转并在递送期间支撑和引导锚。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000可以例如利用形状记忆效应至少部分地自组装。如本文所用,自组装是一种过程,其中部件在不施加力或方向的外部作用的情况下从第一构造转变到第二构造。在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000可以具有形状设定几何形状(例如,通过热处理),该形状设定几何形状是中间几何形状,例如,处于第一构造(例如,直的)几何形状和第二构造(例如,完全卷曲的)几何形状之间的几何形状。例如,相对于由第一构造和/或第二构造几何形状引起的应变,中间形状设定几何形状可以减小锚导引器1000内的应变。通过具有在第一构造和第二构造之间的中间形状设定,当锚导引器1000从第一构造转变到第二构造时,锚导引器1000中的应变可以被减小。例如,锚导引器1000可以在特定区域中具有(-)3%的应变以获得第一构造,并且如果形状设定处于任一端点构造处,则具有(+)3%的应变以获得第二构造,而不是6%的应变。当锚导引器1000部署时,中间形状设定几何形状可以进一步偏置或推动锚导引器1000从第一构造朝向第二构造转变。锚导引器1000可以由本文所述的任何材料(例如形状记忆材料(例如镍钛诺))形成。
锚导引器1000可以包括多个区部1001-1006,这些区部可以为锚导引器1000提供不同的特征和/或功能(例如,在锚控制导管122和/或锚的部署期间)。第一构造中的锚导引器1000可以基本上是直的或长形的(如图1B所示),以便装配在递送导管内。一旦部署在心脏中,锚导引器1000可以呈现第二构造(如图1A所示),并因此呈现三维卷曲形状。当锚导引器1000处于第二构造时,远侧区部1006可以在锚导引器1000的近侧区部1001上方(高于该近侧区部1001)同轴地卷绕并定位。此外,当锚导引器1000处于第二构造时,中间区部1003可以包括倒转部。有时,锚导引器1000在本文可以被称为“倒转的”锚导引器1000。
区部1001可以是最近侧区部,并且可以构造成结合(例如,热结合)到锚控制导管的远侧部分。区部1001还可以在其中包括多个窗口切口(参见图1B),以产生增强的柔性。在一些实施例中,区部1001的柔性可以基本上等同于锚控制导管的柔性。
区部1002又可以包括具有基本上相等长度的多个对齐齿状楔形切口1010。区部1002(朝向切口)的弯曲可以由第一致动元件(终止于第一终止点1011)控制,而区部1003-1006的其余部分的弯曲可以由第二致动元件(终止于第二终止点1012)控制。因为区部1002的弯曲由与其余区部分开的单独致动元件控制,所以弯曲区部1002可以用于在递送锚114期间(例如,在环绕腱索期间)改变锚114和/或导引器1000的平面度。
区部1003可以被构造为倒转区部(例如,在第二构造中可以包括u形弯曲部,例如在方向上进行160°-200°,例如170°-190°,例如大约180°的转变的弯曲部)。在一些实施例中,区部1003可以具有中间形状设定,以减小应变和/或使区部1003朝向期望的曲率偏置。区部1003可以包括具有基本上相等长度的多个对齐齿状楔形切口1010。区部1003的齿状楔形切口1010可以从区部1002的齿状楔形切口1010周向偏移(例如,大约90度)。
区部1004可以是具有多个互锁螺旋切口1010的基本上直的区部。区部1004在第二构造中可以是基本上刚性的且直的,具有最小的压缩,并且区部1004在第一构造中(例如,当致动元件不施加力时)可以是柔性的。
第二构造中的区部1005可以具有沿着与近侧区部1004和/或与区部1006的远端相切的曲线的扭曲。区部1005可以包括以螺旋模式布置的多个齿状楔形切口1010,并且还可以包括中间形状设定。
最后,远侧区部1006可以构造成在环绕和/或瓣膜部署期间支撑和引导锚。第二构造中的远侧区部1006可以基本上在平面内并且沿着与锚相同的轴线卷曲。区部1005还可以包括具有基本上相等长度的多个对齐齿状楔形切口1010,并且可以具有中间形状设定。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000能够使用单导管递送系统递送锚和瓣膜。例如,图2A-图2H示出了使用单导管假体瓣膜递送系统3000递送锚114和瓣膜120的方法。在图2A处,递送系统3000(其中包括锚114和瓣膜120)通过经中隔穿刺在导线109上平移并进入心脏的心房104。在图2B处,导线109缩回,并且锚控制导管122(在其远端具有锚导引器1000)推进到心房104中。锚导引器1000可以从柔性的第一构造转变到刚性的第二构造,其中第二构造包括倒转部分,使得锚导引器的远端1115至少部分地围绕递送系统3000同轴地卷绕。在图2C处,一旦锚导引器1000处于刚性的第二构造中,锚114通过锚导引器1000的远侧末端被推出,这促使锚114围绕瓣膜递送系统3000同轴地卷绕。锚导引器1000的机械性能(例如,刚度)和几何形状(例如,曲率)可以在部署期间在锚114上提供扭矩,以使得锚114能够在锚114从锚导引器1000释放时围绕递送系统3000同轴地部署。在一些实施例中,锚114的近侧部分可以部分地保持在锚导引器1000的远侧末端内,以在锚114被放置时提供对锚114的附加控制。在图2D,整个递送系统3000被推动并转向(例如,通过外护套108中的转向机构)穿过二尖瓣环并朝向心室106的尖端。在一些实施例中,锚114的反向旋转(经由锚控制导管122和锚导引器1000的反向旋转)可以帮助锚114穿过二尖瓣行进而不与腱索缠结。在图2E处,锚114已经定位在心室106内的选定深度处,并且锚114的向前(例如顺时针)旋转(经由锚控制导管122和锚导引器1000的向前旋转)使得锚114能够环绕二尖瓣小叶和腱索。锚114的选定深度可以在心室106内紧邻环的表面。在一些实施例中,如可以实现的,锚114的放置和环绕尽可能接近环。在一些实施例中,倒转锚导引器1000可以有利地经由锚控制导管122将力传递到锚114,该力促使锚114在环绕期间朝向环和/或保持锚平面性。例如,倒转锚导引器1000可以经由在锚控制导管122处产生的拉力朝向心室106的亚环形空间(sub-annular space)传递推力。一旦锚114已经被放置在关于腱索和/或小叶的选定位置,假体瓣膜120可以通过瓣膜递送系统3000的外护套108的缩回来部署(例如,图2F)。在一些实施例中,在锚导引器1000保持锚114的选定位置的同时执行假体瓣膜120的部署。在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000和/或锚114的位置可以在假体瓣膜120部署期间和/或之后被调节(例如,当锚导引器1000处于刚性构造时,通过扭转或以其它方式移动锚导引器1000)。在图2G,锚114从瓣膜递送系统3000释放,并且锚控制导管向近侧缩回。在图2H,瓣膜递送系统3000从心脏缩回,假体瓣膜120和锚114保持植入。
图3A-图3X描述了使用具有导引器1000的单导管递送系统3000将假体瓣膜部署到心脏的更详细的示例。在图3A处,导线109可以通过经中隔穿刺放置到心房104和/或心室106中。在图3B和图3C处,递送系统3000可以通过导线109平移到心房104中。在图3D和图3E处,导线109可以缩回。在图3F处,锚导引器1000可以被推进到外护套108之外并进入心房104。在图3G处,锚导引器1000可以进一步推进到外护套108之外并开始倒转(例如,由于自组装)。在图3H处,锚导引器1000可以被彻底地推进到外护套108之外,并且完全地从第一构造转变到倒转的且刚性化的第二构造(例如,经由自组装和/或致动元件的激活)。在图3I-图3K处,锚114可以推进到锚导引器1000之外。在图3L处,递送系统3000然后可以推进,以便将锚114和锚导引器1000移动到心室106中。在一些实施例中,当递送系统3000推进时,锚导引器1000可以反向旋转,以便防止锚114和/或导引器1000与腱索缠结。在图3M-图3N处,锚导引器1000可以旋转,以便使锚114围绕腱索114旋转。在图3O和图3P处,锚导引器1000(仍处于刚性构造)可以被扭转或以其它方式操纵,以便调节锚114的平面度和/或定位(例如,以便将锚114推近二尖瓣环)。在图3Q-图3T,通过向近侧缩回护套108,瓣膜120可以被释放在锚114内。在图3U处,锚导引器1000可以转变回到柔性构造并在递送系统3000内被拉动。在图3V-图3X处,递送系统3000然后可以从心脏完全移除,将锚114和瓣膜120留在原位。
有利地,锚导引器1000能够使用单导管递送系统3000,同时还确保锚的平面性和定位控制。也就是说,因为锚导引器1000可以在心室104内倒转,所以瓣膜假体120可以径向定位在锚114内,并且相对于锚114轴向对齐,同时锚导引器1000保持在适当位置。此外,锚导引器1000可以用于在假体瓣膜部署之前、期间和之后具体且精确地调节锚114的平面度和位置。为了增强对锚114的控制,锚导引器1000在第一(非致动)构造中可以有利地相对柔性,而在第二(致动)构造中可以相对刚性。第二构造中的锚导引器1000既可以有利地在锚114的环绕期间提供对锚114的支撑,又可以在使用单导管递送系统3000时将锚114保持在用于瓣膜部署的正确位置。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器1000可以是双导管递送系统(例如,包括用于递送锚的导管和用于递送框架的单独导管的递送系统)的一部分。例如,图4A-图4K示出了使用双导管假体瓣膜递送系统递送锚114和瓣膜120的方法。在图4A处,锚递送导管4400通过经中隔穿刺沿导线109进入心脏的心房104。在图4B处,导线109可以被移除,并且锚控制导管122(在其远端处具有引导臂1000)可以通过外护套108推进,直到引导臂1000部署在心房104中并从第一构造完全转变到第二构造。在图4C,锚114可以通过引导臂1000中的腔部署,使得锚114围绕锚递送导管4400同轴地卷绕。在图4D,锚递送导管4400和锚114可以被推动和/或操纵穿过二尖瓣环进入心室106。在一些实施例中,锚114的反向旋转(经由锚控制导管122和锚导引器1000的反向旋转)可以帮助锚114推进穿过二尖瓣而不缠结腱索。在图4E处,锚114可以被定位成使得远侧末端处于LVOT中,然后锚114可以被旋转(经由锚控制导管122和锚导引器1000的旋转),使得该末端在心室壁和小叶/腱索之间行进。在图4F处,锚导引器1000可以缩回,使得系绳118的倒转圈附接到锚114。锚递送导管4400可以彻底地从患者移除,仅留下锚114和系绳118就位。在图4G,瓣膜递送导管4500可以在系绳118上同轴地行进。在图4H,定位工具131可以通过瓣膜递送导管4500在系绳118上部署。定位工具131的远端可以与锚114的近端接合,导致定位工具114变硬并将锚114保持在特定定向。在图4I,定位工具114可以被操纵,使得锚114被提升到更高的位置进入亚环形空间,并且瓣膜递送导管4500可以被操纵,以相对于锚114处于期望的部署高度。在图4J处,瓣膜120可以被部署(例如,通过缩回瓣膜递送导管的外护套)。在图4K,系绳118可以从锚114释放,系绳118和定位工具131可以缩回到瓣膜递送导管4500中,外护套可以推进,并且整个瓣膜递送系统4500可以从患者移除。
为了增强对锚114的控制,锚导引器1000在第一(非致动)构造中可以有利地相对柔性,并且在第二(致动)构造中可以相对刚性。有利地,第二构造中的锚导引器1000可以用作双导管递送系统的一部分,以在递送之前精确地控制锚114的放置(例如,由于第二构造中的锚导引器1000的特定形状和刚度)。此外,第二构造中的锚导引器1000可以在环绕期间为锚提供支撑。第二构造中的锚导引器1000的弯曲或卷曲可以另外有利地在环绕期间完全在心室内(小叶下方),而不是在环形内空间中,从而防止锚导引器1000干扰小叶的功能。另外,由于锚导引器1000使系绳118倒转并同轴地放置在锚114内,因此锚导引器1000可以有利地使瓣膜120通过锚导引器同轴地递送。
在一些实施例中,与单导管递送系统一起使用的倒转锚导引器在构造和设计上可以与用于双导管递送系统的倒转锚导引器略有不同。例如,如图5A-图5B所示,与单导管递送系统一起使用的锚导引器1000a可以具有比与双导管递送系统一起使用的锚导引器1000b更长的总轴向长度。例如,对于单导管递送系统,区部1001-1005中的任何或全部区部可以比双导管递送系统长。用于单导管递送系统的锚导引器1000a的较长总长度可以有利地适应瓣膜在锚/环内的放置,而用于双导管递送系统的锚导引器1000b的较短长度可以有利地提供对锚的增强控制(例如,通过相对于锚缩短力矩臂)。
尽管本文描述为由一个或更多个致动元件如拉线或线缆致动,但应当理解,其它致动机构也是可能的。例如,可以使用同轴致动机构,由此可以相对于锚导引器1000向近侧拉动内轴,以将锚导引器1000从第一构造转变到第二构造(例如,如关于图11A-图11B所描述的)。作为另一个示例,可以相对于锚导引器1000向近侧拉动外护套,以将锚导引器1000从第一构造转变到第二构造。
图7A-图7I示出了另一个示例性锚导引器2000。锚导引器2000可以类似于锚导引器1000,但是不存在倒转部。与锚导引器1000一样,锚导引器2000可以由海波管形成,例如在其中具有多个缝隙或切口2010的海波管(参见图7A、图7C、图7D和图7I)。在一些实施例中,切口2010可以是窗口切口(用于增强柔性)、互锁螺旋切口(例如,能够实现无压缩的柔性构造和在受到压缩时的刚性直构造)和/或齿状楔形切口(例如,能够实现未受到压缩时的柔性构造和刚性弯曲构造,由此切口2010的相邻边缘在受到压缩时接合或锁定)。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器2000被构造成与一个或更多个致动元件联接并由一个或更多个致动元件致动(例如,经由关于图11A-图11B所描述的同轴致动构件)。用一个或更多个致动元件致动锚导引器2000可以使锚导引器2000从图7A所示的第一构造(例如,使得能够将锚导引器2000放置在外护套108内)转变为图7B-图7I所示的第二构造(例如,适于在心脏内操纵和定位锚)。与锚导引器1000一样,锚导引器2000的刚度可以随着锚导引器2000从第一构造转变到第二构造而增加。第二构造中的锚导引器2000可以有利地具有足够高的刚度,以使锚114在导引器2000内偏转,并在递送期间支撑和引导锚114。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器2000可以例如利用形状记忆效应至少部分地自组装。在一些实施例中(并且如图10A所示),锚导引器2000可以具有形状设定几何形状(例如,通过热处理),该形状设定几何形状是中间几何形状,例如,处于第一构造(例如,直的)几何形状和第二构造(例如,完全卷曲的)几何形状之间的几何形状(如从图10A-图10B的转变中所示)。例如,相对于由第一构造和/或第二构造几何形状引起的应变,中间形状设定几何形状可以减小锚导引器2000内的应变。通过具有在第一构造和第二构造之间的中间形状设定,当锚导引器2000从第一构造转变到第二构造时,锚导引器2000中的应变可以被减小。例如,锚导引器2000可以在特定区域中具有(-)3%的应变以获得第一构造,并且如果形状设定处于任一端点构造处,则具有(+)3%的应变以获得第二构造,而不是6%的应变。当锚导引器2000部署时,中间形状设定几何形状可以进一步偏置或推动锚导引器2000从第一构造朝向第二构造转变。锚导引器2000可以由本文所述的任何材料(例如形状记忆材料(例如镍钛诺))形成。
锚导引器2000可以包括多个区部2001-2004,这些区部可以为锚导引器2000提供不同的特征和/或功能(例如,在锚控制导管和/或锚的部署期间)。第一构造中的锚导引器2000可以基本上是直的或长形的(如图7A所示),以便装配在递送导管内。一旦部署在心脏中,锚导引器2000可以呈现第二构造(如图7B-图7I所示),并因此呈现三维卷曲形状。当锚导引器2000处于第二构造时,远侧区部2004可以围绕延伸穿过近侧区部2001的轴线2005同轴地卷绕。与锚导引器1000不同,处于第二构造的锚导引器2000的远侧区部2004可以保持在近侧区部2001的远侧,并且可以形成部署的锚导引器2000的最远侧部分。
近侧区部2001可以是最近侧区部,并且可以构造成结合(例如,热结合)到锚控制导管122的远侧部分。区部2001可以基本上是直的并且与锚控制导管122的远端轴向对齐。区部2002-2004全部都可以包括脊、多个窗口切口(例如,减少与同轴致动构件的摩擦)和多个齿状楔形切口(例如,梯形切口)以产生硬止挡来形成最终形状(例如,第二构造)。区部2003的横截面如图7I所示。如图7I所示,锚导引器2000可以包括在第一周向位置(例如,在0°)处的脊、在第二周向位置(例如,在90°)处的齿状楔形切口、在第三周向位置(例如,在180°)处的窗口切口、以及在第四周向位置(例如,在270°)处的另一齿状楔形切口。参考图13A-图13B,当锚导引器相对于没有窗口切口的锚导引器(如图13A所示)处于刚性构造时,具有与齿状楔形切口(如图13B所示)相结合的窗口切口的锚导引器2000可以有利地减少锚导引器2000的中心腔中的收缩量。腔收缩的减小可以有利地减小将锚导引器2000从柔性构造致动到刚性构造的力,这又可以减少引起锚控制导管122的抖动或劣化的量。此外,腔收缩的减少可以有利地减少锚114穿过锚导引器2000时的摩擦。最后,在锚导引器2000的制造过程中,使锚导引器2000具有窗口切口还可以有利地为边缘处理(例如,圆化处理)和/或内部涂覆或层压步骤提供间隙,这些可以进一步帮助减少锚114穿过锚导引器2000时的摩擦。
另外,区部2002-2004中的每一个可以具有相应的中间形状设定。区部2002可以包括多个轴向对齐切口,并且可以被构造成轴向和径向地远离直的区部2001卷曲。区部2003可以包括以螺旋模式布置的多个切口,使得区部2003在第二构造中呈现三维螺旋。最后,远侧区部2004可以包括多个轴向对齐切口,该切口被构造成使得区部2004呈现与区部2001的轴线2005同轴的平或平面曲线,并且弧形达到大约150-210度,例如180度(例如,以便将螺旋锚114在其中保持180度)。远侧区部2004还可以定位在垂直于近侧区部2001的轴线2005的平面内。
在一些实施例中,锚导引器2000可以是双导管递送系统(例如,包括用于递送锚114的导管和用于递送瓣膜120的单独导管的递送系统)的一部分。例如,图8A-图8M示出了用锚递送导管8800递送锚114的方法,使得之后可以递送瓣膜。在图8A,锚递送导管8800通过经中隔穿刺行进(例如,通过导丝)进入心脏的心房104,并且锚控制导管122(具有引导臂2000)可以开始部署(例如,从外护套108)进入心房104。在图8B处,引导臂2000可以从护套108完全地部署到心房104中,并从第一构造转变到第二构造。在图8C,锚114可以开始通过引导臂2000中的腔部署,使得扁平螺旋锚114在与引导臂2000的远侧区部相同的平面内卷曲。在图8D,锚114可以在心房114内完全部署,使得锚114围绕引导臂2000的近侧区部(和/或递送导管8800的轴线)同轴地卷绕。在图8E处,外护套108可以被偏转,和/或锚控制导管122可以向远侧平移,以便将部署的锚114朝向二尖瓣环移动。在图8F处,可以操纵外护套108以将锚114的平面调节为平行于二尖瓣环。在图8G处,锚114和导引器2000可以跨二尖瓣环向远侧平移。在一些实施例中,锚导引器114可以反向旋转(例如,在使得锚导引器2000的远侧末端跟随旋转的方向上),同时平移以避免与天然解剖结构缠结。在图8H处,锚114和导引器2000可以完全平移(例如,通过附加的反向旋转)到心室106中。在图8I处,锚导引器2000可以向前旋转(从靠近LVOT的远侧末端开始),使得锚的末端在心室壁和天然小叶/腱索之间行进。在图8J和图8K,锚114可以通过锚导引器2000的进一步向前旋转而被完全环绕。在图8L处,锚控制导管122和导引器2000可以从患者移除,从而将系绳118留在适当位置。然后,瓣膜可以在锚114内(例如在系绳118上)被递送(例如,以与关于图4G-图4K所描述的类似的方式)。
有利地,如图9A-图9C所示,锚导引器2000的远侧区部可以被构造成紧密匹配扁平螺旋锚114的(例如,至少一部分的)曲率和平面度两者。这种构造能够在递送期间实现锚114的精确放置。此外,锚导引器2000可以有利地占据心脏中的小轴向空间(例如,小于25毫米,例如小于22毫米,例如21毫米或更小),从而最小化对局部解剖结构的影响。当处于柔性构造时,锚导引器2000还可以有利地经由曲折的解剖结构被递送到心脏,并且随后可以被加强以便能够精细控制锚114。
参考图11A-图11B,在一些实施例中,锚控制导管122和导引器2000可以包括两个轴(内致动轴1111和外扭矩轴1112),这两个轴一起构成同轴致动机构。内致动轴1111和外扭矩轴1112可以在远端(例如,经由图11A所示的互锁齿)结合在一起,但在近端(图11B所示)相对于彼此自由移动。因此,当近侧力施加到内致动轴1111时,外扭矩轴1112中的切口(例如,在锚导引器2000中)可以开始压缩在一起,使得锚导引器2000能够呈现第二构造。在一些实施例中,内致动轴1111可以由内衬上的钨线圈、线圈上的编织物或Pebax层压物形成。在一些实施例中,外扭矩轴1112的近侧区部可以由不锈钢形成,而外扭矩轴1112的远侧部分(构成锚导引器2000)可以由镍钛诺形成。尽管本文描述为由同轴致动机构致动,但应当理解,其它致动机构也可以用于锚导引器2000。例如,多个拉线可以被用于致动(如关于锚导引器1000所描述的)锚导引器2000。作为另一个示例,可以相对于锚导引器2000向近侧拉动外护套,以将锚导引器2000从第一构造转变到第二构造。
参考图12A-图12B,本文所述的锚导引器1000/2000和锚控制导管122可以经由互锁特征结合在一起,该互锁特征被构造成传递用于锚导引器1000/2000旋转的扭矩。例如,如图12A所示,锚导引器1000/2000的近侧区部可以包括其中的L形凹口,该L形凹口被构造成与锚控制导管122上的径向延伸部互锁。然后可以将接头结合在一起。作为另一个示例并且如图12B所示,锚导引器1000/2000可以包括被构造成与锚控制导管122上的相应凹口接合的凹口,并且然后可以将接头结合在一起。
有利地,本文描述的锚导引器1000/2000使得锚114能够定位成与锚控制导管122的旋转轴线同轴,从而使得当锚控制导管122旋转时,锚能够围绕天然腱索同轴地旋转。
尽管锚导引器1000/2000在本文被描述为在离开护套108之后并且在锚114部署之前从第一构造转变到第二构造,但是其它步骤顺序也是可能的。例如,在一种方法中,锚114可以在锚导引器1000/2000处于中间构造(即,在第一构造和第二构造之间)时从锚导引器1000/2000部署。例如,当锚导引器处于中间形状设定构造时,锚114可以从锚导引器1000/2000部署。然后,当锚114已经部分地或完全地从锚导引器1000/2000部署时,锚导引器1000/2000可以完全地转变到第二构造。当锚导引器1000/2000处于中间形状设定构造时,从锚导引器1000/2000部署锚114可以有利地减少当锚114移动穿过锚导引器1000/2000时在锚114上的摩擦,同时还有利地引导锚114围绕锚导引器1000/2000卷绕(例如,当锚导引器1000/2000处于第二构造时用于同轴定位)。
在以下申请中描述了附加递送系统特性:于2020年3月19日提交的标题为“PROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVE DEVICES,SYSTEMS,AND METHODS(假体心脏瓣膜装置、系统和方法)”的国际申请第PCT/US2020/023671号,现为PCT公布第WO 2020/191216号,以及于2021年7月7日提交的标题为“VALVE DELIVERY SYSTEM(瓣膜递送系统)”的国际申请第PCT/US 2021/040623号,这些申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本文描述的锚可以是螺旋锚(例如,扁平螺旋锚)。锚可以构造成围绕瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的腱索延伸并且围绕瓣膜假体延伸,以将瓣膜假体保持在适当位置。示例性锚在2019年12月20日提交的题为“PROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVE DEVICES,SYSTEMS,AND METHODS(假体心脏瓣膜装置、系统和方法)”的国际申请第PCT/US2019/068088号、现在为PCT公布第WO 2020/132590号中描述,该国际申请的整体内容通过引用并入本文。在一些实施例中,锚可以具有近端(例如,构造成与递送系统接合的端部),该近端基本上在环的平面中或者向下指向心室。
本文描述的瓣膜假体可以类似于现有的经导管递送的瓣膜。瓣膜假体可以类似于现有的外科组织瓣膜和机械瓣膜。瓣膜段的至少一部分可以定位在瓣膜假体的至少一部分内,例如具有瓣膜假体的框架结构。瓣膜段可以包括由多层材料形成的小叶,用于优先功能。瓣膜段可以包括具有内层和外层的至少一个小叶。瓣膜段可以直接附接到瓣膜假体。可选地,瓣膜段可以附接到中间瓣膜结构,中间瓣膜结构又连接到瓣膜假体。在瓣膜假体被部署成接近天然瓣膜之前或之后,瓣膜段可以连接到瓣膜假体。瓣膜假体可以在瓣膜假体的一个或更多个端部处附接到瓣膜段的小叶,例如小叶的外层。瓣膜假体可以在瓣膜假体的一个或更多个中间部分处附接到瓣膜段的小叶,例如小叶的外层。瓣膜段可以包括多个小叶。瓣膜段可以包括生物相容性单向瓣膜。在一个方向上的流动可以导致小叶偏转打开,并且在相反方向上的流动可以导致小叶关闭。
框架结构可以被构造成类似于支架。框架结构可以例如包括由形状记忆材料(例如镍钛诺、NiTi)形成的菱形图案的支撑架。本领域的普通技术人员将理解,许多其它结构、材料和构造可以用于框架结构。例如,框架结构可以由具有足够弹性的聚合物形成。框架结构可以由金属和聚合物的组合(例如覆盖在聚合物中的金属(例如形状记忆材料))形成。除了菱形形状之外,框架结构还可以包括各种图案。在一些实施例中,框架结构是封闭的框架,使得血流被迫通过其中的瓣膜段。一个或更多个裙部和/或密封件可以帮助迫使血液通过瓣膜段。示例性框架结构和瓣膜假体在2020年4月10日提交的题为“MINIMAL FRAMEPROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVE DELIVERY DEVICES,SYSTEMS,AND METHODS(最小框架假体心脏瓣膜递送装置、系统和方法)”的国际申请第PCT/US2020/027744、现在为PCT公布第WO2020/210685号中描述,该国际申请的整体内容通过引用并入本文。
基于本文的描述,本领域的普通技术人员应认识到,本文描述的任何瓣膜假体可以包括任何框架结构形状、框架结构设计、框架结构材料、锚形状、锚卷绕、锚材料、自由端末端、小叶构造、或根据需要的处于任何组合的本文描述的任何其它可变特征。
应当理解,本文关于一个实施例描述的任何特征可以与关于另一个实施例描述的任何特征相结合或替代。
当特征或元件在本文被提及为在另一特征或元件“上”时,它可直接在其他特征或元件上,或也可能存在中间的特征或元件。相反,当特征或元件被提及为“直接在另一特征或元件上”时,没有中间的特征或元件存在。应当理解,当一个特征或元件被描述为“连接”、“附接”或“联接”到在另一特征或元件上时,它可直接连接、附接或联接到其他特征或元件,或可存在中间的特征或元件。相反,当一个特征或元件被称为“直接连接”、“直接附接”或“直接联接”到另一特征或元件时,没有中间的特征或元件存在。虽然相对于一个实施例进行了描述或示出,但是这样描述或示出的特征和元件可以应用于其他实施例。本领域技术人员还应认识到,参考“邻近”另一特征设置的结构或特征可具有与相邻特征重叠或在相邻特征下方的部分。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,并且不意图限制本发明。例如,如本文所用的,单数形式“a(一)”、“an(一)”和“the(所述)”旨在也包括复数形式,除非上下文以其他方式明确说明。应当进一步理解,术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”当在本说明书中使用时指定所陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或更多个其他特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组。如本文所用的,术语“和/或”包括相关联的所列项中的一个或更多个项的任一组合和所有组合,并且可缩写为“/”。
为了便于描述,在本文中可使用空间相关的术语,诸如“在...下方(under)”、“在...下(below)”、“下部(lower)”、“在...上方(over)”、“上部(upper)”等,以描述如附图所图示的一个元件或特征与其他元件或特征的关系。应理解的是,空间相关的术语旨在包含除了附图中描绘的定向之外装置在使用或操作中的不同定向。例如,如果附图中的装置被反向,被描述为“在其他元件或特征下方”或者“在其他元件或特征下面”的元件然后将被定向成“在其他元件或特征上方”。因此,示例性术语“在...下方”可包含“在...上方”和“在...下方”两种定向。该装置可以被另外地定向(旋转90度或以其他定向),并且本文使用的空间相关的描述词据此被解释。类似地,除非以其他方式特别说明,术语“向上(upwardly)”、“向下(downwardly)”、“竖直(vertical)”、“水平(horizontal)”等在本文中用于说明的目的。
虽然术语“第一”和“第二”在本文中可以用于描述各种特征/元件(包括步骤),但是这些特征/元件不应该受这些术语的限制,除非上下文另有说明。这些术语可以用于将一个特征/元件与另一个特征/元件区分开。因此,在不脱离本发明的教导的情况下,下面讨论的第一特征/元件可以被称为第二特征/元件,并且类似地,下面讨论的第二特征/元件可以被称为第一特征/元件。
在本说明书和所附权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,术语“包括(comprise)”及其诸如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”的变型意味着可以在方法和制品(例如,组合物和设备,包括装置和方法)中共同使用各种部件。例如,术语“包括(comprising)”将被理解为暗示包含任何所述的元件或步骤,但不排除任何其他元件或步骤。
如本文在说明书和权利要求书中所使用的,包括在示例中所使用的并且除非另有明确说明,所有数字可被当作前面有词语“约(about)”或“大约(approximately)”,即使该术语没有明确出现。可以在描述幅度和/或位置时使用短语“约”或“大约”,以指示所描述的值和/或位置在值和/或位置的合理预期范围内。例如,数值可以具有为所陈述的值(或值的范围)的+/-0.1%、所陈述的值(或值的范围)的+/-1%、所陈述的值(或值的范围)的+/-2%、所陈述的值(或值的范围)的+/-5%、所陈述的值(或值的范围)的+/-10%的值。本文给出的任何数值也应该理解为包括大约或近似该值,除非上下文另有指示。例如,如果值“10”被公开,则“约10”也被公开。本文列举的任何数值范围旨在包括包含在其中的所有子范围。还应当理解,当一个值被公开时,也公开了“小于或等于”该值、“大于或等于该值”以及值之间的可能范围,如本领域技术人员适当地理解的。例如,如果公开了值“X”,则还公开了“小于或等于X”以及“大于或等于X”(例如,其中X是数值)。还应当理解,在整个申请中,以多种不同的格式提供数据,并且这些数据表示数据点的任何组合的端点和起始点以及范围。例如,如果公开了特定数据点“10”和特定数据点“15”,则应当理解,大于、大于或等于、小于、小于或等于、和等于10和15以及在10和15之间被认为是公开的。还应当理解,还公开了两个特定单位之间的每个单位。例如,如果公开了10和15,则也公开了11、12、13以及14。
虽然上面描述了各种说明性实施例,但是在不脱离如权利要求所描述的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对各种实施例进行若干改变中的任一个。例如,在替代实施例中,通常可以改变执行各种所描述的方法步骤的顺序,并且在其他替代实施例中,可以一起跳过一个或更多个方法步骤。各种器件和系统实施例的可选特征可以被包括在一些实施例中而不被包括在其他实施例中。因此,前面的描述主要被提供用于示例性目的,并且不应被解释为限制如在权利要求中阐述的本发明的范围。
本文所包括的示例和说明通过说明而非限制的方式示出其中可以实践主题的具体实施例。如所提到的,可以利用和从其导出其他实施例,使得可以做出结构和逻辑替换和改变而不脱离本公开的范围。仅为了方便,本发明性主题的这样的实施例在本文中可单独地或共同地由术语“发明”来指代,并且如果实际上多于一个被公开的话,不意图将本申请的范围主动地限制为任何单个发明或发明概念。因此,虽然本文已经说明和描述了特定实施例,但是被认为实现相同目的的任何布置可以替代所示的特定实施例。本公开旨在覆盖各种实施例的任何和所有修改或变型。在阅读以上描述后,本领域的技术人员将明白以上实施例的组合以及本文未具体描述的其他实施例。
Claims (49)
1.一种递送系统,用于将螺旋锚递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜,所述递送系统包括:
锚控制导管;和
从所述锚控制导管延伸的锚导引器,所述锚导引器包括柔性构造和刚性构造,在所述刚性构造中的所述锚导引器包括近侧区部、中间区部和远侧区部,其中所述近侧区部包括直的中心轴线并从所述锚控制导管延伸,所述中间区部从所述中心轴线轴向地且径向向外地成螺旋形,并且所述远侧区部在垂直于所述中心轴线的平面内围绕所述中心轴线同轴地卷曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括多个切口,所述多个切口被构造成限定所述导引器在所述刚性构造中的形状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的递送系统,其中,所述多个切口包括窗口切口、互锁螺旋切口或齿状楔形切口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,还包括一个或更多个致动元件,所述一个或更多个致动元件被构造成将所述导引器从所述柔性构造致动到所述刚性构造。
5.根据权利要求4所述的递送系统,其中,所述一个或更多个致动元件包括嵌套的同轴的轴机构或一个或更多个拉线或线缆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括中间形状设定构造,所述中间形状设定构造被构造成将所述锚导引器朝向所述刚性构造偏置或推动。
7.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括形状记忆材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括中心通道,所述中心通道被构造成将锚保持在其中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器被构造成当所述锚导引器从所述柔性构造转变为所述刚性构造时使定位在所述中心通道内的所述锚偏转。
10.根据权利要求9所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器被构造成相对于所述锚控制导管的中心轴线同轴地定位所述锚。
11.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,其中,在所述柔性构造中的所述锚导引器被构造成定位在递送护套内。
12.一种将瓣膜假体递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的方法,包括:
将递送导管定位在心脏的第一腔室中;
将所述递送导管的锚导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造;
将锚从所述锚导引器内释放;
将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到心脏的第二腔室,使得在所述刚性构造中的所述锚导引器位于所述第二腔室内,并且所述锚相对于所述递送装置的中心轴线同轴地定位;以及
围绕所述中心轴线旋转在所述刚性构造中的所述锚导引器,以便旋转所述锚并使所述锚环绕天然心脏的腱索。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在旋转所述锚导引器的步骤之后在所述锚内递送瓣膜框架。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,递送所述瓣膜框架包括从单独的瓣膜递送导管递送所述瓣膜框架。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,当所述锚导引器处于所述刚性构造时,所述锚导引器的远侧区部相对于所述中心轴线同轴地卷曲。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,释放所述锚包括相对于所述中心轴线同轴地释放所述锚。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在旋转所述锚导引器的步骤之后,利用所述锚导引器调节所述锚的放置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,调节所述放置包括利用所述锚导引器在所述锚上施加扭矩。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,调节所述放置包括利用所述锚导引器朝向瓣膜环向近侧移动所述锚。
20.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述病变天然瓣膜是二尖瓣,所述第一腔室是心房,并且所述第二腔室是心室。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到所述第二腔室的步骤期间反向旋转所述锚导引器。
22.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到所述第二腔室的步骤之后,所述锚的整体定位在所述第二腔室内且不定位在所述第一腔室内。
23.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,将所述锚从所述锚导引器内释放包括在所述锚导引器处于所述刚性构造时释放所述锚。
24.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,将所述锚从所述锚导引器内释放包括在所述锚导引器为中间形状设定构造时释放所述锚,释放步骤发生在将所述锚导引器从所述柔性构造致动到所述刚性构造的步骤之前。
25.一种递送系统,用于将螺旋锚递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜,所述递送系统包括:
锚控制导管;和
从所述锚控制导管延伸的锚导引器,所述锚导引器包括柔性构造和刚性构造,其中在所述刚性构造中的所述锚导引器包括近侧区部、中间区部和远侧区部,其中所述近侧区部从所述锚控制导管延伸,所述中间区部包括倒转部,并且所述远侧区部围绕所述近侧区部同轴地卷绕。
26.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括多个切口,所述多个切口被构造成限定所述导引器在所述刚性构造中的形状。
27.根据权利要求26所述的递送系统,其中,所述多个切口包括窗口切口、互锁螺旋切口或齿状楔形切口。
28.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,还包括一个或更多个致动元件,所述一个或更多个致动元件被构造成将所述导引器从所述柔性构造致动到所述刚性构造。
29.根据权利要求28所述的递送系统,其中,所述一个或更多个致动元件包括嵌套的同轴的轴机构或一个或更多个拉线或线缆。
30.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括中间形状设定构造,所述中间形状设定构造被构造成将所述锚导引器朝向所述刚性构造偏置或推动。
31.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括形状记忆材料。
32.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器包括中心通道,所述中心通道被构造成将锚保持在其中。
33.根据权利要求32所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器被构造成当所述锚导引器从所述柔性构造转变到所述刚性构造时使利用所述中心通道定位的所述锚偏转。
34.根据权利要求33所述的递送系统,其中,所述锚导引器被构造成相对于所述锚递送导管的中心轴线同轴地定位所述锚。
35.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,在所述柔性构造中的所述锚导引器被构造成定位在递送护套内。
36.根据权利要求25所述的递送系统,其中,所述递送系统还包括外护套,所述外护套定位在所述锚控制导管上并被构造成在其中容纳假体瓣膜。
37.根据权利要求36所述的递送系统,其中,所述外护套被构造成向近侧缩回,以允许所述假体瓣膜围绕所述锚导引器自扩展。
38.一种将瓣膜假体递送到心脏的病变天然瓣膜的方法,包括:
将递送导管定位在心脏的第一腔室中;
将所述递送导管的锚导引器从柔性构造致动到刚性构造;
当所述锚导引器处于所述刚性构造时,将锚从所述锚导引器内释放;
将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到心脏的第二腔室,使得所述锚导引器在所述第二腔室内倒转,并且所述锚围绕所述递送导管同轴地定位;以及
旋转所述锚导引器以旋转所述锚并使所述锚环绕天然心脏的腱索。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,还包括在旋转所述锚导引器的步骤之后在所述锚内递送瓣膜框架。
40.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,递送所述瓣膜框架包括从所述递送导管内递送所述瓣膜框架。
41.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,递送所述瓣膜框架包括从单独的瓣膜递送导管递送所述瓣膜框架。
42.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,当所述锚导引器处于所述刚性构造时,所述锚导引器的远侧区部围绕所述锚导引器的近侧区部同轴地卷绕。
43.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,释放所述锚包括相对于所述递送导管同轴地释放所述锚。
44.根据权利要求38所述的方法,还包括在旋转所述锚导引器的步骤之后,利用所述锚导引器调节所述锚的放置。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中,调节所述放置包括利用所述锚导引器在所述锚上施加扭矩。
46.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中,调节所述放置包括利用所述锚导引器朝向瓣膜环向近侧移动所述锚。
47.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,所述病变天然瓣膜是二尖瓣,所述第一腔室是心房,并且所述第二腔室是心室。
48.根据权利要求38所述的方法,还包括在将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到所述第二腔室的步骤期间反向旋转所述锚导引器。
49.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,在将所述递送导管从所述第一腔室移动到所述第二腔室的步骤之后,所述锚的整体定位在所述第二腔室内且不定位在所述第一腔室内。
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| US12329635B2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2025-06-17 | Shifamed Holdings, Llc | Flared prosthetic cardiac valve delivery devices and systems |
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2021
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- 2021-08-31 CN CN202180063937.1A patent/CN116456937A/zh active Pending
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| WO2022047393A8 (en) | 2023-04-13 |
| US12053371B2 (en) | 2024-08-06 |
| EP4203860A1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
| US20230310147A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
| JP2023539300A (ja) | 2023-09-13 |
| US20240374378A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
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