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CN116406012B - An access network architecture integrating optical and wireless communication, a resource allocation method and an access network - Google Patents

An access network architecture integrating optical and wireless communication, a resource allocation method and an access network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116406012B
CN116406012B CN202310335076.9A CN202310335076A CN116406012B CN 116406012 B CN116406012 B CN 116406012B CN 202310335076 A CN202310335076 A CN 202310335076A CN 116406012 B CN116406012 B CN 116406012B
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wireless
station
optical
network
allocated
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CN116406012A (en
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李军
陈雨轩
沈纲祥
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0086—Network resource allocation, dimensioning or optimisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an access network architecture, a resource allocation method and an access network integrating light and wireless, comprising the following steps: the system comprises a station, a wireless access point, an optical network unit and an optical line terminal which are sequentially arranged; the wireless access point of the wireless section of the access network framework only deploys the physical layer function, the medium access control layer of the wireless access point and the upper layer thereof are concentrated to the MAC layer of the optical line terminal to form a combined MAC layer; the station has all Wi-Fi protocol functions, and the MAC frame of the station is encapsulated into a physical frame; when a station is successfully accessed to a network, a physical frame of the station is transmitted to a wireless access point through a preset subcarrier, and then is transmitted to a medium access control layer of a Wi-Fi server through an uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network, and a combined MAC layer unpacks the physical frame received by the Wi-Fi server to analyze data and sends a confirmation frame to the station. The PON and Wi-Fi fusion architecture can be used for unified management and joint scheduling of optical-wireless subcarrier resources.

Description

Access network architecture, resource allocation method and access network integrating light and wireless
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless local area networks, in particular to an optical and wireless integrated access network architecture, a resource allocation method and an access network.
Background
Wireless local area networks (WiFi-6) based on IEEE 802.11ax have employed orthogonal frequency division multiple access (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA) technology to provide gigabit network access to users. In order to better guarantee quality of service (Quality of service, qoS), multi-Access Point (AP) cooperation has been proposed in the next generation Wi-Fi network. To better support multi-AP collaboration, one promising approach is to move the medium access control layer (MAC) and its upper layers into a Centralized architecture, forming a Centralized Wi-Fi access network (C-WAN). The C-WAN has similarities to the cloud wireless access (Cloud radio access network, C-RAN) in cellular networks, whose forwarding networks have stringent high bandwidth and low latency requirements. In a C-WAN, the time delay requirement for the forward is less than 16 microseconds, which is much less than the time delay requirement for the forward of the C-RAN. However, it is difficult for a time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON) to meet the strict demands of time delay. Furthermore, even though a wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) can achieve low latency, assigning a certain wavelength to each AP results in high consumption. Therefore, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON) is considered as a promising technology supporting the forward transmission, whose subcarriers can be allocated to each AP according to the need. However, the C-WAN architecture based on OFDM-PON convergence under stringent latency requirements is still under further investigation.
In the existing PON and Wi-Fi fusion architecture, the PON and the Wi-Fi work independently, and a joint resource scheduling mechanism is lacked.
In addition, the existing Wi-Fi still adopts a contention-based access mode, in the existing PON and Wi-Fi access architecture, in order to ensure data transmission, the allocation proportion of light to wireless subcarriers is more than or equal to 1, and due to uncertainty of wireless access, the waste of wireless resources can be caused, and further the utilization rate of OFDM-PON subcarriers is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the technical defect that the PON and the Wi-Fi in the prior art work independently and lack a joint resource scheduling mechanism.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an optical and wireless convergence access network architecture, including:
The system comprises a station, a wireless access point, an optical network unit and an optical line terminal which are sequentially arranged, wherein the optical line terminal is connected with the optical network unit through an optical fiber distributor, the wireless access point is connected with the station through wireless signals, and the passive optical network adopts an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network;
only physical layer functions are deployed on wireless access points of wireless segments of the access network architecture, and an MAC layer and an upper layer of the wireless access points are concentrated to an MAC layer of an optical line terminal to form a combined MAC layer;
The station has all Wi-Fi protocol functions, and the MAC frame of the station is encapsulated into a physical frame;
When a station successfully accesses to a network, a physical frame of the station is transmitted to a wireless access point through a preset subcarrier, and then is transmitted to a medium access control layer of a Wi-Fi server through an uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network, and a combined MAC layer unpacks the physical frame of the Wi-Fi server to perform data analysis and sends a confirmation frame to the station.
Preferably, the MAC layer and upper layers of the wireless segment are centralized on a Wi-Fi server.
Preferably, the Wi-Fi server is deployed together with an optical line terminal.
Preferably, the wireless access point and the optical network unit of the wireless segment only deploy physical layer functions.
The invention discloses a resource allocation method, which is based on the above-mentioned light and wireless fusion access network architecture, and comprises the following steps:
periodically scheduling subcarrier resources and radio subchannel resources;
calculating the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of resource units allocated to each wireless access point according to the number of accessed users, the number of allocated subcarrier units, a contention window and a backoff order at the beginning of each period;
And calculating the number k i of transmission units allocated to each optical network unit according to the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of resource units allocated to each wireless access point.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
According to the number n of accessed users, the number R of allocated subcarrier units, a contention window W and a backoff order m, calculating the successful access rate of a Wi-Fi section, calculating the number of stations which are successfully accessed and the number of resource units allocated to each wireless access point, calculating the number k i of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP, and then calculating the total number TU of transmission units required by all the wireless access points;
In Wi-Fi section, the station is accessed randomly in a competition mode, if the access is successful, the physical frame of the station is transmitted to the physical layer of the wireless access point through the subcarrier unit; if collision occurs and the access fails, the station re-competes;
In the passive optical network section, judging whether the optical carrier resources are enough, if the total number U of transmission units required by the optical network units is smaller than or equal to the total number T of transmission units which can be provided by a passive optical network, namely U is smaller than or equal to T, and if the optical carrier resources are enough, distributing enough optical carrier resources k i according to the requirement of each user station. If U > T, proportionally distributing subcarrier resources of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network according to the bandwidth requirement of each user station, namely distributing subcarrier resources to each ONU-AP The physical frames of the successfully accessed sites are transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network subcarrier mapping mode;
The data successfully transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit is further sent to the joint MAC layer in an uplink mode, the joint MAC layer decapsulates the data, the WiFi MAC frame is analyzed, and then the acknowledgement frame is sent to the downlink.
The invention discloses an access network, which comprises the optical and wireless integrated access network architecture.
The invention discloses an access network, which performs resource allocation based on the resource allocation method.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the invention, the PON and Wi-Fi fusion architecture can perform unified management and joint scheduling of the optical-wireless subcarrier resources.
2. The joint resource allocation algorithm provided by the invention can dynamically adjust the allocation proportion of the optical carrier resources and Wi-Fi sub-channel resources according to the system load condition, and improves the resource utilization rate, thereby supporting more wireless Access Points (AP) access.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an optical and wireless integrated access network architecture according to the present invention, wherein fig. 1 (a) shows a C-WAN architecture based on an OFDM-PON, and fig. 1 (b) shows a functional deployment corresponding to fig. 1 (a) one-to-one;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of resource allocation;
fig. 3 is a probability of Successful Access (SAP) in the case where the number of STAs is different for each AP;
Fig. 4 shows access delays for two different schemes;
fig. 5 illustrates TU resource utilization under different schemes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses an optical and wireless converged access network architecture, which comprises: the system comprises a station, a wireless access point, an optical network unit and an optical line terminal which are sequentially arranged, wherein the optical line terminal is connected with the optical network unit through an optical fiber distributor, the wireless access point is connected with the station through wireless signals, and the optical network adopts an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network.
The wireless access point of the wireless section of the access network architecture only deploys the physical layer function, and the MAC layer and the upper layer thereof are concentrated to the MAC layer of the optical line terminal to form a combined MAC layer.
The station has all Wi-Fi protocol functions, and in the data uplink transmission process, the MAC frame of the station is encapsulated into a physical frame.
When a station is successfully accessed to a network, a physical frame of the station is transmitted to a wireless access point through a preset subcarrier, and then is transmitted to a medium access control layer of a Wi-Fi server through an uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network, and the physical frame of the Wi-Fi server is unpacked by a combined MAC layer to perform data analysis, and a confirmation frame is sent to the station.
Further, the MAC layer and upper layers of wireless access points of wireless segments are concentrated on Wi-Fi servers. The Wi-Fi server is deployed with the optical line terminal.
Specifically, fig. 1 (a) illustrates a C-WAN architecture based on an OFDM-PON. In a Passive Optical Network (PON), an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is connected to an Optical Network Unit (ONU) through an optical Splitter (Splitter). In Wi-Fi, stations (STAs) access a wireless Access Point (AP) wirelessly. As shown in fig. 1 (a), the optical-wireless convergence access network architecture includes three parts, where the structure of (a.1) represents that the medium access control layer (MAC) of the AP and its upper layers (e.g., logical link control layer LLC) are concentrated to, i.e., deployed together with, the MAC layer of the OLT. Part (a.2) shows the ONU connection with the physical layer of the AP. Part (a.3) is the terminal station of the access.
The one-to-one functional deployment with fig. 1 (a) is shown in fig. 1 (b), and also includes three parts. Wherein, (b.1) represents that the MAC layer of the AP and the MAC layer of the OLT are integrated together to form a joint MAC layer, so that joint scheduling of the optical-wireless subcarrier resources can be unified. (b.2) shows that in the OFDM-PON, the ONU only deploys the physical layer function, and the Wi-Fi part only reserves the physical layer function of the AP, namely the physical layer connection of the ONU and the AP, and the data is transmitted in a subcarrier mapping mode without analyzing the data, so that the processing time of data frame encapsulation can be saved. (b.3) reserving its full MAC layer and physical layer functions for STAs.
Because of the joint MAC layer co-scheduling of the AP and OLT at (a.1), it is responsible for allocating sub-carriers to ONU-APs, and ONU and AP at (a.2) only deploy physical layer functions. Therefore, wi-Fi physical frames are encapsulated into physical frames of the OFDM-PON, so that processing delay of data frame encapsulation can be reduced.
The complete information transmission process is as follows:
In the downlink direction, the joint MAC layer at (a.1) sends out a trigger frame (TRIGGER FRAME) containing joint scheduling information of optical and radio subcarriers, and allocates subcarriers to ONU-APs respectively. The trigger frame is encapsulated into a physical frame and sent downwards, the physical layer passing through the ONU at (a.2) and the AP reaches the physical layer of the STA at (a.3), and then the MAC layer of the STA de-encapsulates the data frame to acquire the information of the available resource unit blocks.
In the uplink direction, at (a.3), STAs access the network by contention. The data frame generated by the successfully competing STA is packaged into a physical frame in the physical layer, and then is transmitted to the physical layer of the AP in an uplink manner in a wireless mode. At (a.2), the physical layer of the ONU and the physical layer of the AP are further transmitted to the upper layer by means of subcarrier mapping. After passing through the physical layer in (a.1), the physical frame is unpacked by the MAC layer to perform data analysis.
In the downlink direction, when the joint MAC layer of (a.1) analyzes the transmitted data, an acknowledgement frame (ACK) is sent to the downlink, and after passing through the physical layers of the ONU and the AP in (a.2), the acknowledgement frame reaches the physical layer of the STA in (a.3), and is then analyzed by the MAC layer thereof. And completing a complete data transmission process.
Wherein the period from the physical frame of Wi-Fi being sent up to the time the ACK frame is received by the STA is defined as a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS), set to 16us according to the protocol.
The OFDM-PON in the architecture only deploys physical layer functions at the ONU and the OLT, wherein the physical frames of the Wi-Fi are only encapsulated into OFDM-PON frames and are not processed by the MAC layer of the OFDM-PON, so that the encapsulation processing time is reduced, and the strict low-delay requirement can be met. In this manner, the subcarriers allocated to each AP are fixed. However, the throughput of Wi-Fi depends on the actual traffic of the user and other factors. If only a fixed subcarrier allocation scheme is used, resources of the OFDM-PON may be wasted, and accordingly the number of APs that can be supported decreases. To solve this problem, a joint resource allocation algorithm is proposed.
In OFDMA-based Wi-Fi access networks, the spectrum resources are divided into a plurality of mutually orthogonal subcarrier units (RUs), which can be allocated to different users, thus allowing multi-user concurrent transmissions. In an OFDM-PON, the bandwidth resources may be divided into different mutually orthogonal subcarriers, and different numbers of subcarriers are referred to as transmission units (Transmission unit, TUs). Each ONU-AP is allocated with a special subcarrier, and the data transmitted by the user can be sent to the uplink through the subcarrier mapping mode of the OFDM-PON.
In addition, after the STA is successfully accessed to the AP, in order to ensure that data can be successfully transmitted to the physical layer of the ONU, so as to avoid secondary collision, the number of TU resources is generally allocated to be greater than or equal to RU resources, and at this time, the probability of success in transmission P o =1 in the PON segment. If the number of allocated TU resources is smaller than the number of RU resources, the utilization rate of TU resources can be improved, but the situation that the allocated optical resources are insufficient and data are subjected to secondary collision is likely to happen, and the probability of success of transmission of the PON section is smaller than P o and smaller than 1. In summary, the probability of successful transmission of PON segments is divided into two cases: 1. when the TU number is greater than or equal to the RU number, P o =1; 2. when TU number < RU number, P o psi 1.
Because the Wi-Fi section is accessed in a random access mode based on competition, when collision exists in the Wi-Fi section, RU resources are not fully occupied for access, and accordingly TU resources are wasted. In order to improve TU resource utilization, TU and RU resources may be allocated to each ONU-AP according to system load conditions. The probability of successful transmission in Wi-Fi segment is related to the number of accessed users n, the number of allocated RUs R, the contention window W and the backoff order m, and is not fixed. Therefore, the combined resource scheduling algorithm based on the system load is provided based on the framework, TU and RU resources can be dynamically allocated according to the system load condition, and more access of APs can be supported.
The proposed joint resource scheduling algorithm is done at the MAC layer. TU and RU are scheduled periodically. At the beginning of each period, the number of successfully accessed STAs in each AP (R i) and the number of RUs allocated to each AP (g i) are estimated by calculating according to parameters such as (n, R, m and W), the number of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP (k i) is calculated, and then the total number of TUs (U) required by all APs is calculated.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention discloses a resource allocation method based on the above-mentioned optical and wireless fusion access network architecture, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Periodically scheduling a subcarrier unit and a transmission unit;
At the beginning of each period, calculating the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of RUs allocated to each AP according to the number of accessed users, the number of allocated subcarrier units, a contention window and a backoff order;
And calculating the number k i of transmission units of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network allocated to each ONU according to the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of RUs allocated to each AP.
In another embodiment, the resource allocation method in the present invention includes the steps of:
According to the number n of accessed users, the number R of allocated subcarrier units, a contention window W and a backoff order m, calculating the successful access rate of Wi-Fi section, calculating the number R i of stations which are successfully accessed and the number (g i) of RUs allocated to each AP, calculating the number (k i) of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP, and then calculating the total number (U) of TUs required by all wireless access points;
In Wi-Fi section, the station is accessed randomly in a competition mode, if the access is successful, the physical frame of the station is transmitted to the physical layer of the wireless access point in a wireless mode; if collision occurs and the access fails, the station re-competes;
In the passive optical network section, judging whether the optical carrier resources are enough, if the total number U of transmission units required by the optical network units is smaller than or equal to the total number T of transmission units which can be provided by one passive optical network, namely U is smaller than or equal to T, and if the optical carrier resources are enough, distributing enough optical carrier resources k i according to the requirement of each user station. If U is greater than T, proportionally distributing subcarrier resources of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network according to the bandwidth requirement of each user station, namely distributing subcarrier resources to each ONU-AP The physical frames of the successfully accessed sites are transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network subcarrier mapping mode;
The data successfully transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit is further sent to the joint MAC layer in an uplink mode, the joint MAC layer decapsulates the data, the WiFi MAC frame is analyzed, and then the acknowledgement frame is sent to the downlink.
The invention discloses an access network, which comprises the optical and wireless integrated access network architecture and performs resource allocation based on the resource allocation method.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described and explained below with reference to specific embodiments.
In order to verify the performance of the resource allocation algorithm proposed based on the present architecture, an OFDMA-based uplink random access mechanism (Uplink OFDMA Random Access, UORA) is adopted in the Wi-Fi part, specifically by contention in an uplink OFDMA Backoff (OBO) manner, and its STAs can access RU through contention. The probability of an STA accessing any RU, i.e., the probability of an STA successfully accessing the network, can be expressed as:
Where R is the total number of RUs for contention provided by each AP, n is the number of STAs per AP, and W is the size of the contention window of the OBO. A and B can be calculated by formulas (2) and (3).
Where p is the probability of a collision,Is the order of the last OBO backoff count when the contention window is less than R. m refers to the maximum order of OBO. Assuming that the RU choices are randomly and uniformly distributed, the collision probability p can be expressed as:
then, the number of RU used (r) can be calculated:
from the above formula, it can be seen that R depends mainly on the (n, R, m, W) parameter. To meet the stringent forward delay requirement, the minimum RU number (g) actually allocated to the AP must be not less than r, which can be expressed as:
Where α is the system load (α∈ [0,1 ]) of each AP, which can be calculated by α=r/R. In an OFDM-PON, the capacity provided by k optical carrier resources TU allocated to each AP must be greater than the capacity of g RUs, which can be expressed as follows:
where β is the capacity ratio of each subcarrier to the radio subcarrier. If there are insufficient TU resources to carry traffic from each AP, even a portion of the STAs that successfully access the Wi-Fi network will be rejected and cannot transmit their traffic over the OFDM-PON.
The present embodiment performs simulations on MATLAB. In the simulation, the total number of TUs for the OFDM-PON is 64, each AP can provide 16 RUs for contention, assuming that the capacity of each TU is equal to the capacity of each RU, i.e., β=1.0. The largest contention window W is set to 127, the smallest contention window W is set to 0, and the largest OBO order is set to 7. The TXOP size is 3.84ms, and each TXOP refers to a time when one station can transmit a data frame. The preamble length of the physical frame is set to 40us and the tf trigger frame length is set to 100us. The multiuser ACK acknowledgment block length is 68us and the short interframe space SIFS is set to 16us. We consider two TU allocation strategies in OFDM-PON, a fixed scheme and a proposed system load based scheme, respectively. The fixed scheme means that each ONU-AP is allocated a fixed number of TUs, while the proposed scheme is able to allocate TUs according to the actual system load.
Fig. 3 shows the probability of Successful Access (SAP) for a fixed allocation scheme and a system load based allocation scheme. It can be noted that the SAP decreases as the number of STAs accessed by each AP increases. This is because a large number of STAs competing for access to the wireless channel may cause collisions. Furthermore, in contrast to the different schemes, we note that the SAP of the proposed system load based scheme is similar to the SAP of the fixed scheme with γ=50% ru utilized in each ONU-AP, being higher than the SAP of the fixed scheme with γ=20% ru utilized. This is because the maximum utilization of RU resources is about 37% when there are a large number of STAs accessing the Wi-Fi network. Thus, when γ reaches 50%, the number of assigned TUs is sufficient to transmit traffic for STAs, no matter how many STAs request access to the network. In contrast, when γ reaches 20%, the allocated number of TUs is insufficient to carry traffic, which may result in failure of STAs that successfully access the wireless network to access the OFDM-PON. The proposed load-based scheme can find the actual network load α and adaptively adjust the allocated number of TUs according to the actual network traffic demands of different STAs, so that the SAP of the proposed scheme is very close to the fixed scheme when γ=50%.
The access delays of the different schemes are compared in fig. 4. As the number of STAs to which each AP has access increases, the access delay also increases, as the result of fig. 3. Furthermore, the delay of the fixed scheme when γ=20% is larger than the other two schemes, while the proposed load-based scheme is similar to the access delay of the fixed scheme when γ=50%. The reason is the same as the reason for the performance of SAP.
Fig. 5 illustrates TU resource utilization for three schemes. From the figure, we can see that in a fixed scheme, as the number of STAs increases, the TU resource utilization rate increases, then remains stable, and finally decreases slightly. This is because the number of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP is fixed. As the number of STAs gradually increases, more resources are utilized and thus resource utilization begins to rise. However, since network resources are limited, as the number of STAs per AP continues to increase, the network resource utilization becomes saturated and gradually stabilizes. When the number of STAs increases again, the Wi-Fi network becomes more competitive, resulting in an increase in collision probability, and thus, less actual network traffic demand of the STAs, and slightly reduced TU resource utilization. We can also note that the resource utilization of the gamma=20% fixed scheme is higher than the gamma=50% fixed scheme. This is because when γ=20%, the number of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP is insufficient, so there is a high resource utilization. In contrast, the resource utilization based on the system loading scheme is also smoother when the number of STAs is different. The method and the device are characterized in that the number of the allocated TUs can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual flow requirements of different numbers of the STAs, so that the performance of access delay and the resource utilization rate of the TUs can be balanced. Further, when the number of STAs is greater than 5, the proposed scheme according to the system load has a higher resource utilization than the fixed scheme of γ=50% and lower than the fixed scheme of γ=20%. This is because the number of TUs allocated in the case of different numbers of STAs is between the fixed schemes of γ=20% and γ=50%, thus resulting in the resource utilization of TUs also being between the two fixed schemes.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The resource allocation method is based on an optical and wireless converged access network architecture, and is characterized in that the optical and wireless converged access network architecture comprises: the system comprises a station, a wireless access point, an optical network unit and an optical line terminal which are sequentially arranged, wherein the optical line terminal is connected with the optical network unit through an optical fiber distributor, the wireless access point is connected with the station through wireless signals, and the passive optical network adopts an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network; only physical layer functions are deployed on wireless access points of wireless segments of the access network architecture, and an MAC layer and an upper layer of the wireless access points are concentrated to an MAC layer of an optical line terminal to form a combined MAC layer; the station has all Wi-Fi protocol functions, and the MAC frame of the station is encapsulated into a physical frame; when a station successfully accesses to a network, a physical frame of the station is transmitted to a wireless access point through a preset subcarrier, and then is transmitted to a medium access control layer of a Wi-Fi server through an uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network, the physical frame of the Wi-Fi server is unpacked by a combined MAC layer to perform data analysis, and a confirmation frame is sent to the station, and the method comprises the following steps:
Periodically scheduling a subcarrier unit and a transmission unit;
Calculating the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of the allocated wireless resource units according to the number of accessed users, the number of allocated subcarrier units, the contention window and the backoff order at the beginning of each period;
And calculating the number k i of transmission units allocated to each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network according to the number r i of stations successfully accessed in each wireless access point and the number g i of allocated wireless resource units.
2. The resource allocation method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
According to the number n of accessed users, the number R of allocated subcarrier units, a contention window W and a backoff order m, calculating the successful access rate of a Wi-Fi section, calculating the number of stations which are successfully accessed and the number of wireless resource units allocated to each wireless access point, calculating the number k i of TUs allocated to each ONU-AP, and then calculating the total number U of transmission units required by all the wireless access points;
In Wi-Fi section, the station is accessed randomly in a competition mode, if the access is successful, the physical frame of the station is transmitted to the physical layer of the wireless access point through the subcarrier unit; if collision occurs and the access fails, the station re-competes;
Judging whether the optical carrier resources are enough or not in the passive optical network section, and when the total number U of transmission units required by the optical network units is smaller than or equal to the total number T of transmission units which can be provided by a passive optical network, distributing enough optical carrier resources k i according to the requirements of each user station;
When U > T, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network subcarrier resources are allocated proportionally according to the bandwidth requirement of each user station, namely each ONU-AP is allocated The physical frames of the successfully accessed sites are transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network subcarrier mapping mode;
The data successfully transmitted to the physical layer of the optical network unit is further sent to the joint MAC layer in an uplink mode, the joint MAC layer decapsulates the data, the WiFi MAC frame is analyzed, and then the acknowledgement frame is sent to the downlink.
3. The resource allocation method of claim 1, wherein the MAC layer and upper layers of the wireless segment are centralized on a Wi-Fi server.
4. A method of resource allocation according to claim 3, wherein the Wi-Fi server is deployed with an optical line terminal.
5. A resource allocation method according to claim 3, wherein the radio access point and the optical network unit use only physical layer functions.
6. An access network, characterized by comprising an optical and wireless converged access network architecture, and performing resource allocation based on the resource allocation method according to any one of claims 1-5.
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