CN116404206B - A kind of cathode open type hydrogen fuel cell system control device and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell system control, and discloses a cathode open type hydrogen fuel cell system control device and control method, including a control module, a power filter conversion circuit, a data sampling circuit and a drive circuit; the control module is connected to the power supply respectively. The filter conversion circuit, the data sampling circuit, and the driving circuit are connected, the power filter conversion circuit is connected with the data sampling circuit, and the driving circuit, the data sampling circuit is connected with a sensor and a voltage division sampling circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with controlled devices and external equipment. The control device of the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention can monitor the operating environment of the fuel cell system and perform start-stop protection, and at the same time design a battery short-circuit circuit to prolong the working life and realize the long-term operation of the fuel cell system; The problems of low voltage, overcurrent, high temperature and hydrogen leakage ensure the safe and stable operation of the fuel cell system.

Description

A kind of cathode open type hydrogen fuel cell system control device and control method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell system control, and in particular relates to a control device and a control method for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system.

Background technique

At present, with the continuous progress of human civilization, energy consumption is increasing, and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. As a green and clean energy, hydrogen energy has gradually entered the public's field of vision and is an effective solution to the human energy crisis. A hydrogen fuel cell (Hydrogen Fuel Cell) refers to a device that uses hydrogen and oxygen to undergo an electrochemical reaction to directly convert internal chemical energy into electrical energy. Only water and heat are produced in the reaction process, which has the advantages of zero pollution, low noise, and high calorific value. It is a new type of power generation technology that is efficient, safe, clean, and flexible.

The cathode open hydrogen fuel cell has a relatively simple auxiliary system. It does not need to use an air compressor to supply oxygen at the cathode, but directly uses the fan assembly to draw in oxygen, and at the same time achieves the purpose of cooling the battery, reducing structural complexity and manufacturing costs. . The system control device is a minimum control system used to monitor the operating state of the fuel cell, adjust the internal state of the system in time according to the actual load power demand, and maintain the best power output environment. During the operation of the fuel cell, very complex physical and chemical reactions are going on inside. If the protection measures of the control device are not perfect or the control method is unreliable, the output performance and life of the fuel cell will be seriously affected, and even the fuel cell will be damaged. permanent damage. Fuel cells currently on the market are expensive, and the control device is sold together with the fuel cell. If the device is damaged due to improper operation, the maintenance process is cumbersome and the cost is high. At the same time, due to the technical confidentiality of the manufacturer, individuals cannot carry out secondary development and design.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects in the prior art are:

The existing fuel cell system control devices are sold together with fuel cells of the same brand, which are expensive, low in safety and reliability, technically confidential, difficult in secondary development and design, and difficult to repair after damage.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a control device and a control method for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system.

The present invention collects fuel cell system voltage, current, temperature, drive and other signals through a signal acquisition circuit, and sends control signals to related drive circuits after analysis and processing by a control module to adjust the operating state of the fuel cell and complete the safety and stability control goal of the system. A control device for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system includes:

Control module, power filter conversion circuit, data sampling circuit, drive circuit;

The control module is respectively connected with the power filter conversion circuit, the data sampling circuit and the driving circuit, the power filter conversion circuit is connected with the data sampling circuit and the driving circuit, the data sampling circuit is connected with a sensor and a voltage dividing sampling circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with the controlled device Connect with external equipment;

The control module is used to receive the sampling data from the data sampling circuit, and send a control command to the relevant driving circuit after analysis and processing;

The data sampling circuit is used for data collection, and the collected data is input to the control module, which is analyzed and processed by the control module and then output to the driving circuit;

The drive circuit is used to control the controlled device and external equipment to complete the instruction operation under the action of the control instruction.

Further, the data sampling circuit includes a switching signal sampling circuit, an input voltage sampling circuit, an input current sampling circuit, a battery temperature sampling circuit, a device power supply sampling circuit, a hydrogen detection sampling circuit, and a short circuit signal sampling circuit;

The drive circuit includes a switch drive circuit, an alarm drive circuit, an input and output drive circuit, a hydrogen supply valve drive circuit, a purge valve drive circuit, a fan drive circuit, and a short circuit drive circuit.

Further, the switching signal sampling circuit and the switching driving circuit are specifically: the negative output terminal of the diode D1 in the 12V power supply filtering and protection circuit is connected to the reset switch S1 and the emitter of the triode QP1, and a capacitor C3 is connected in parallel at both ends of the reset switch S1, and the reset switch The other end of S1 is connected to the collector of triode QP1 through diode D2, and the other end of reset switch S1 is grounded through resistors R1 and R2 respectively. The sampling port between resistors R1 and R2 is connected to the GPIO64 pin of the control module. Indirect resistor R3 with the emitter, the base of the transistor QP1 is also connected to the collector of the transistor QN1, the collector of the transistor QP1 also leads to the +12V power supply port and is grounded after the electrolytic capacitor C4, and the control module GPIO65 is connected to the transistor QN1 through the resistor R4 base, and the emitter of QN1 is grounded.

Further, the input voltage sampling circuit and the input and output driving circuit are specifically: the positive input Vin+ of the device is grounded through the resistor R5, the adjustable resistor R6 and the resistor R7 in turn, and the capacitor C5 is connected in parallel to both ends of the resistor R7, and the sliding contact of the adjustable resistor R6 Connect to resistor R7, and connect to the ADCINA0 pin of the control module at the same time; N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and M4 are connected in parallel and the sources are connected to the analog ground AGND, and the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the N-channel The drains of the enhanced field effect transistors M1 and M2, the positive output Vout+ of the device are connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M3 and M4; the GPIO66 pin of the control module is connected to the AN pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 through the resistor R9 , the CAT pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is directly grounded, the COL pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is connected to the isolated power supply 12V and the collector of the transistor QN2, and the EM pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is connected to the transistor QN2 and the transistor QP2 at the same time The base, and connected to the collector of the transistor QP2 through the resistor R10, and finally connected to the analog ground AGND, the emitter of the transistor QN2 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP2, and connected to the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and The gate of M4 is connected to the sources of four N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors through resistor R8.

Further, the input current sampling circuit is specifically: the input port of the current sensor U6 is connected to the positive pole Vfc_in of the fuel cell, the output port is connected to the positive pole input Vin+ of the device, the positive and negative power supply pins of the current sensor U6 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, and the sampling data The output pin Sfc is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 and the resistor R13 through the resistor R12. R15 and resistor R17 are connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7, the sliding contact of the variable resistor R15 is connected to the resistor R17, and at the same time grounded after the resistor R16, the resistor R18 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C7 and respectively connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U7 The positive and negative power supplies of the operational amplifier U7 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U7 is connected to the ADCINA1 pin of the control module.

Further, the battery temperature sampling circuit is specifically: the +5V power port is grounded through the resistor R19 and the thermistor RT1, the two ends of the capacitor C8 are respectively connected to the +5V power port and the ground, and the connection end of the resistor R19 and the thermistor RT1 is connected to the operational amplifier U8 The non-inverting input terminal of the +5V power supply port is grounded through the variable resistor R20 and the resistor R21. The sliding contact of the variable resistor R20 is also connected to the resistor R21 and connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U8 after the resistor R22. The resistor R23 and Capacitor C9 is connected in parallel and respectively connected to the inverting input terminal and output terminal of the operational amplifier U8, the positive and negative power supplies of the operational amplifier U8 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and ground, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U8 is connected to the ADCINA2 pin of the control module.

Further, the power supply sampling circuit of the device is specifically: the power supply Vs_12V is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C10, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C10 is grounded, the power supply Vs_12V is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9 through the resistor R24 and the variable resistor R25, and the variable resistor R25 The sliding contact of the operational amplifier U9 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9, and the two ends of the resistor R26 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9 and the ground. The inverting input terminal of is connected to the output terminal, and the output terminal is connected to the ADCINA3 pin of the control module;

The short-circuit signal sampling and short-circuit driving circuit are as follows: +5V power port is grounded after resistor R27, power switch S2 and resistor R28, capacitor C11 is connected in parallel to both ends of power switch S2, and the sampling port is connected between power switch S2 and resistor R28. input control module GPIO68 pin; +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of electrolytic capacitor C12, and the negative pole of electrolytic capacitor C12 is grounded; the +12V power port is respectively connected to the base of triode QN4 and the collector of triode QN5 through resistor R29; resistor R30 Connect the base and emitter of the transistor QN4, the GPIO69 pin of the control module is connected to the base of the transistor QN5 through the resistor R31, the resistor R32 is connected to the base and emitter of the transistor QN5, the emitter of the transistor QN4 and the emitter of the transistor QN5 Connected to ground, the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13 is grounded, the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are connected in parallel, the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 The drains are connected, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are grounded, and the +12V power port is connected to the gates of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 through the resistor R33.

Further, the hydrogen supply valve driving circuit is specifically as follows: +12V power supply port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolyte capacitor C14, the negative pole of the electrolyte capacitor C14 is grounded, the +12V power supply port is connected to the collector of the triode QN6, and the GPIO70 pin of the control module is connected to the The transistor QN6 is connected to the base of the transistor QP3, the emitter of the transistor QN6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP3, the +12V power supply port is connected to the positive electrode of the hydrogen supply valve U11 and the negative electrode of the diode D3, and the negative electrode of the hydrogen supply valve U11 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D3. The positive electrode is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 at the same time, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 are grounded, and the emitter of the transistor QN6 and the emitter of the transistor QP3 are connected through a resistor R35 is connected to the gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8.

Further, the drive circuit of the purge valve is specifically: +12V power supply port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolyte capacitor C15, the negative pole of the electrolyte capacitor C15 is grounded, the +12V power supply port is connected to the collector of the triode QN7, and the GPIO71 pin of the control module is connected to the The transistor QN7 is connected to the base of the transistor QP4, the emitter of the transistor QN7 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP4, the +12V power supply port is connected to the anode of the purge valve U12 and the cathode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the purge valve U12 is connected to the cathode of the diode D4. The positive electrode is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10 at the same time, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10 are grounded, the emitter of the transistor QN7 and the emitter of the transistor QP4 are connected through a resistor R37 is connected with the gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10.

Further, the fan driving circuit is specifically: the GPIO10 pin of the control module is connected to the Vin+ pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 through the resistor R38, the Vin- pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 is connected to the digital ground DGND, and the +12V power port is connected to the optocoupler The Vcc pin of the isolation element U13 is connected to the GND pin and grounded through the electrolytic capacitor C16, the Vo pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 is connected to the resistors R39 and R40 respectively, the other end of the resistor R39 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R40 is connected to the N ditch The gates of channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12, the +12V power supply port is connected to the positive pole of fan U14 and the negative pole of diode D5, the negative pole of fan U14 is connected to the positive pole of diode D5, and connected to the N-channel enhanced field effect transistor The drains of M11 and M12, and the sources of the N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors M11 and M12 are grounded.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control method, the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control method includes:

Step 1, using the data sampling circuit to collect data, inputting the collected data to the control module, and outputting the collected data to the driving circuit after being analyzed and processed by the control module;

Step 2, under the action of the control command, the drive circuit controls the controlled device and the external equipment to complete the command operation, so as to realize the control of the fuel cell system.

Combining the above-mentioned technical solutions and technical problems to be solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected in the present invention are as follows:

First, in view of the simple functions of fuel cell control devices on the market today, imperfect related safety protection measures and unintelligent operation, the advantages and positive effects of this solution are described in detail as follows:

The control device of the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention can monitor the sampling data of the fuel cell system before starting, judge whether the current environment meets the specified requirements, and perform effective start-stop protection according to the judgment result, ensuring the effective operation of the fuel cell system start and stop;

The control device of the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention can design a short-circuit circuit to optimize the internal environment of the fuel cell according to the operating characteristics of the fuel cell system itself, prolong its working life, and realize the long-life operation of the fuel cell system;

The open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system control device provided by the present invention can accurately collect four kinds of signals of fuel cell voltage, current, temperature and ambient hydrogen content through the signal acquisition circuit during the operation of the fuel cell system, and use the high-performance control chip to monitor in real time Analyze and process the sampling data, control the corresponding drive circuit, effectively avoid the problems of low voltage, overcurrent, high temperature and hydrogen leakage during the operation of the system, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the fuel cell system;

The control device of the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention can collect and process abnormal signals in time, quickly execute related drive circuits to shut down, and avoid irreversible damage to the fuel cell.

Second, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are described in detail as follows:

The invention has the characteristics of high integration, low cost, high safety, reliable performance, and simple secondary development and design, and can realize real-time state monitoring, analysis, processing, and adjustment control of the fuel cell system throughout the entire operating cycle from startup to shutdown, and realize fuel cell Safe and intelligent operation of the battery system.

Third, the expected income and commercial value after the transformation of the technical solution of the present invention are: the technical threshold of the fuel cell control field to which the present invention belongs is high, and the market demand is large, which can provide a technical basis for the intelligent design of the fuel cell system control device and has huge potential. commercial value.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device and the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a circuit connection schematic diagram of a cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a power conversion circuit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a 12V power supply filter protection and switching signal sampling driving circuit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of input voltage sampling and input and output driving provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a circuit diagram of a buzzer drive provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an input current sampling provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a battery temperature sampling provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a 12V power supply sampling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a hydrogen detection sampling circuit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a short-circuit signal sampling and driving circuit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a driving circuit diagram of the hydrogen supply valve provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a driving circuit diagram of the purge valve provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a fan driving circuit diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a flow chart of control logic provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Implementation

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

In order to make those skilled in the art fully understand how to implement the present invention, this part is an explanatory embodiment for explaining the technical solution.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the control device for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a control module, a power filter conversion circuit, a data sampling circuit, and a driving circuit.

The control module is connected with the power filter conversion circuit, data sampling circuit and drive circuit respectively, and the control module uses TMS320F28335 as the main control chip; the power filter conversion circuit is connected with the data sampling circuit and drive circuit, and the power filter conversion circuit is used to filter out the current circuit The signal interferes and supplies power to some circuits; the data sampling circuit is connected to the sensor in the fuel cell system control device and the partial pressure sampling circuit to collect the switch, voltage, current, temperature, device power supply, hydrogen, and short circuit signals of the fuel cell system; The drive circuit is connected to the controlled device and external equipment in the device. During the specific implementation process, the control module receives the sampled data from the data sampling circuit, and after analysis and processing, sends a control command to the relevant drive circuit, and the drive circuit under the action of the command signal , control the controlled device and external equipment to complete the instruction operation, and realize the control of the fuel cell system.

As shown in Figure 3, the power conversion circuit includes a 12V voltage isolation regulator module, a 12V to 5V voltage conversion module, and a 5V to 3.3V voltage isolation conversion module; the positive input terminal of the 12V voltage isolation regulator module U1 is connected to the +12V power port, The negative input terminal is grounded, the positive output terminal is connected to the isolated power supply 12V, and the negative output terminal is connected to the analog ground AGND. In the specific implementation, the model of the 12V voltage isolation regulator module U1 is TD6-12S12; the positive input terminal of the 12V to 5V voltage conversion module U2 Connect to the +12V power port, the ground port is grounded, the positive output terminal is connected to the +5V power port, the +5V power port is connected to the positive pole of the light-emitting diode LED1 through the resistor R41, and the negative pole of the LED1 is grounded. In the specific implementation, the light-emitting diode LED1 is used to test the 12V Is the 5V to 5V voltage conversion module U2 working normally? The model of the 12V to 5V voltage conversion module U2 is K7805; the positive input terminal of the 5V to 3.3V voltage isolation conversion module U3 is connected to the +5V power port, the negative input terminal is grounded, and the positive output terminal is connected to + 3.3V power supply port, the negative output terminal is connected to the digital ground DGND, the +3.3V power supply port is connected to the positive pole of the light-emitting diode LED2 through the resistor R42, and the negative pole of LED2 is connected to the analog ground. Whether the isolation conversion module U3 is working normally, the model of the 5V to 3.3V voltage isolation conversion module U3 is B0503S; connect a 0 ohm resistor R43 between the ground GND and the digital ground DGND to effectively shield the power signal and the control signal in the device interference.

As shown in Figure 4, the 12V power supply filter and protection circuit is composed of filter capacitors C1 and C2, transient voltage suppression diode DZ1, self-recovery fuse F1, and diode D1; The negative pole of the state voltage suppression diode DZ1 is connected to one end of the self-recovery fuse F1, the negative pole of C1 is connected to the positive pole of the transient voltage suppression diode DZ1, the other end of F1 is connected to the positive pole of D1, the negative pole of D1 is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C2, and the negative pole of C2 is grounded. In the specific implementation, the model of the transient voltage suppression diode DZ1 is SMBJ12A, and the maximum withstand current of the self-recovery fuse F1 is 5A. The transient voltage suppression diode DZ1 and the self-recovery fuse F1 can effectively protect the input circuit and avoid transient high voltage. And high current will cause damage to the device. Electrolytic capacitors C1 and C2 can effectively filter out the clutter interference of the input circuit and stabilize the input voltage. Diode D1 is used to prevent reverse flow of power.

The data sampling circuit includes a switch signal sampling circuit, an input voltage sampling circuit, an input current sampling circuit, a battery temperature sampling circuit, a device power supply sampling circuit, a hydrogen detection sampling circuit, and a short circuit signal sampling circuit; the driving circuit includes a switch driving circuit, an alarm driving circuit, Input and output drive circuit, hydrogen supply valve drive circuit, purge valve drive circuit, fan drive circuit, short circuit drive circuit. During the specific implementation process, all the above-mentioned data sampling circuits are input to the control chip to monitor the status of the fuel cell system in real time. The control chip analyzes and processes the sampled data and issues control commands to act on the corresponding drive circuits to realize the intelligent control of the fuel cell system.

As shown in Figure 4, the switching signal sampling and driving circuit is specifically: the negative output terminal of the diode D1 in the 12V power supply filter and protection circuit is connected to the reset switch S1 and the emitter of the triode QP1, and the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel at both ends of the reset switch S1. Capacitor C3 is used to eliminate the circuit jitter caused by the closing and opening of the reset switch S1. The other end of the reset switch S1 is connected to the collector of the transistor QP1 after the diode D2. The diode D2 is used to prevent the reverse flow of power. The other end of the reset switch S1 At the same time, the resistors R1 and R2 are respectively grounded. The resistors R1 and R2 are used to divide the voltage and sample the power supply Vs_12V. The sampling port between the resistors R1 and R2 is connected to the GPIO64 pin of the control module; Resistor R3 and resistor R3 are used to ensure that the transistor QP1 is turned off reliably. The model of the transistor QP1 is 2SB1386R. The base of the transistor QP1 is also connected to the collector of the transistor QN1. After C4 is grounded, capacitor C4 is used for filtering and stabilizing the +12V power supply port, the control module GPIO65 is connected to the base of transistor QN1 through resistor R4, resistor R4 is used for current limiting, the emitter of QN1 is grounded, and the model of transistor QN1 is SS8050 .

As shown in Figure 5, the input voltage sampling circuit and the input and output drive circuit are as follows: the positive input Vin+ of the device is grounded through the resistor R5, the adjustable resistor R6 and the resistor R7 in turn, and the capacitor C5 is connected in parallel to both ends of the resistor R7 for power removal. Coupled filtering, the sliding contact of the adjustable resistor R6 is connected to the resistor R7, and at the same time connected to the ADCINA0 pin of the control module, the resistors R5~R7 are used for the partial voltage sampling of the positive input Vin+ of the device, which can be flexibly changed according to the actual input voltage range. Adjust the resistance of resistor R6 to ensure sampling accuracy; N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3, and M4 are connected in parallel in pairs and the sources are connected to the analog ground AGND, and the field effect transistors are connected in parallel in pairs for equal distribution. The circuit current reduces the stress of the field effect tube and improves the stability of the device. The positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the positive output of the device Vout+ is connected to the N-channel enhanced field effect transistor M3 and The drain of M4; the GPIO66 pin of the control module is connected to the AN pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 through the resistor R9, the resistor R9 is used for current limiting, the CAT pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is directly grounded, and the COL of the optocoupler isolation element U4 The pin is connected to the isolated power supply 12V and the collector of the transistor QN2, and the EM pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is connected to the base of the transistor QN2 and the transistor QP2 at the same time, and connected to the collector of the transistor QP2 through the resistor R10, and finally connected to the analog ground AGND , the resistor R10 ensures that the triode QP2 is turned off reliably, the emitter of the triode QN2 is connected to the emitter of the triode QP2, the triode QN2 and the triode QP2 form a push-pull circuit, and are connected to the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and M4 at the same time The grid is connected to the sources of the four N-channel enhancement type field effect transistors through the resistor R8, and the resistor R8 ensures that the four field effect transistors are turned off reliably. In the specific implementation process, adjust the adjustable resistor R6 according to the number of single cells in the fuel cell system, monitor the aging state of the system to ensure that the average single cell voltage is not lower than 0.5V, the model of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is PC817, and the model of the transistor QN2 It is 2SD1628, the model of transistor QP2 is 2SB1386R, and the model of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and M4 is IRFP4110PbF.

As shown in Figure 6, the buzzer drive circuit is as follows: the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of the buzzer U5, the negative pole of the buzzer U5 is connected to the collector of the triode QN3, the emitter of the triode QN3 is grounded, and the control module GPIO67 The pin is connected to the base of the transistor QN3 through the resistor R11, and the resistor R11 is used for current limiting. In specific implementation, the model of the buzzer U5 is FT12095 active buzzer, and the model of the transistor QN3 is SS8050.

As shown in Figure 7, the input current sampling circuit is specifically: the input port of the current sensor U6 is connected to the positive pole Vfc_in of the fuel cell, the output port is connected to the positive pole input Vin+ of the device, and the positive and negative power supply pins of the current sensor U6 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and Ground, the sampling data output pin Sfc is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 and the resistor R13 through the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, and the two ends of the capacitor C6 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, and the capacitor C6 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization , the +5V power supply port is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 through the resistor R14, the variable resistor R15, and the resistor R17 in turn, the sliding contact of the variable resistor R15 is connected to the resistor R17, and at the same time, it is connected to the ground after the resistor R16, and the resistor R18 is connected to the resistor R17. Capacitor C7 is connected in parallel and connected to the inverting input terminal and output terminal of operational amplifier U7 respectively. Capacitor C7 is used to reduce the influence of parasitic capacitive coupling of operational amplifier U7 and increase stability. The positive and negative power supplies of operational amplifier U7 are respectively connected to +5V power supply port and ground, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U7 is connected to the ADCINA1 pin of the control module. In the specific implementation, the resistors R12~R18 are used to adjust the output signal range of the operational amplifier U7. The model of the current sensor U6 is LTS50-NP, and the model of the operational amplifier U7 is LMV771MG. According to the actual working current range of the fuel cell, adjust the variable resistor R15 The resistance value realizes accurate current sampling. According to the circuit relationship, the signal magnitude of the output terminal of the operational amplifier U7 and the circuit relationship can be expressed by the following formula:

(1);

Among them, ADCINA1 represents the device input current sampling value input to the ADCINA1 pin of the control module, Sfc represents the sampling output value of the current sensor U6, 5V represents the 5V voltage value, and R12, R13, R14, R16, R17, R18 represent the resistors R12 and R13 respectively , R14, R16, R17, R18 resistance value, R15 represents the resistance value of the variable resistor R15 actually participating in the circuit.

As shown in Figure 8, the battery temperature sampling circuit is as follows: the +5V power port is grounded through the resistor R19 and the thermistor RT1, and the two ends of the capacitor C8 are respectively connected to the +5V power port and the ground, and the capacitor C8 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization. The connection between R19 and thermistor RT1 is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U8, the +5V power supply port is grounded through the variable resistor R20 and the resistor R21, and the sliding contact of the variable resistor R20 is also connected to the resistor R21 and connected to the resistor R22. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U8 is connected, the resistor R23 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C9 and respectively connected to the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U8, and the capacitor C9 is used to reduce the influence of parasitic capacitive coupling of the operational amplifier U8, increase stability, and operate The positive and negative power supplies of the amplifier U8 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U8 is connected to the ADCINA2 pin of the control module. In the specific implementation, the resistors R19~R23 are used to adjust the output signal range of the operational amplifier U8. The accuracy of the thermistor RT1 is 1%. The model of the operational amplifier U8 is LMV771MG. According to the actual temperature change of the fuel cell, adjust the variable resistor R20 The resistance value realizes accurate sampling of the temperature signal. According to the circuit relationship, the signal size of the output terminal of the operational amplifier U8 and the circuit relationship can be expressed by the following formula:

(2);

Among them, ADCINA2 represents the temperature sampling value of the device input to the ADCINA2 pin of the control module, 5V represents the 5V voltage value, RT1 represents the resistance value of the thermistor, R19, R21, R22, and R23 represent the resistors R19, R21, R22, and R23 respectively. Resistance value, R20 represents the resistance value of the variable resistor R20 actually participating in the circuit.

As shown in Figure 9, the power supply sampling circuit of the device is specifically: the power supply Vs_12V is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C10, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C10 is grounded, the electrolytic capacitor C10 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization, and the power supply Vs_12V is passed through the resistor R24 and the variable resistor R25 It is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9, the sliding contact of the variable resistor R25 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9, the two ends of the resistor R26 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9 and ground, the positive and negative terminals of the operational amplifier U9 The pole power supply is respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9 is connected to the output terminal to form a voltage follower, and the output terminal is connected to the ADCINA3 pin of the control module. In the specific implementation, the power supply Vs_12V is 11V~13V and can work normally, and the resistors R24~R26 are used to adjust the output signal range of the operational amplifier U9. The model of the operational amplifier U9 is LMV771MG, and the adjustment can The resistance value of the variable resistor R25 realizes accurate sampling of the power supply signal of the device. According to the circuit relationship, the signal size of the output terminal of the operational amplifier U9 and the circuit relationship can be expressed by the following formula:

(3);

Among them, ADCINA3 represents the sampling value of the power supply voltage of the device input to the ADCINA3 pin of the control module, R24 and R26 represent the resistance values of the resistors R24 and R26 respectively, and R25 represents the resistance value of the variable resistor R25 actually participating in the circuit.

As shown in Figure 10, the hydrogen detection sampling circuit is specifically: the positive and negative power supply pins of the hydrogen sensor U10 are respectively connected to the +3.3V power supply port of the output terminal of the 5V to 3.3V voltage isolation conversion module and the digital ground DGND, and the AO of the hydrogen sensor U10 The output terminal is connected to the ADCINA4 pin of the control module. In specific implementation, the model of the hydrogen sensor U10 is MQ-8, and the hydrogen sensor U10 is generally placed at the hydrogen supply valve of the fuel cell system. According to actual needs, multiple sensors can be placed at the intake valves at all levels of the system.

As shown in Figure 11, the short-circuit signal sampling and driving circuit is as follows: +5V power port is grounded after resistor R27, power switch S2 and resistor R28, capacitor C11 is connected in parallel to both ends of power switch S2, and capacitor C11 is used to eliminate power switch The circuit jitter caused by S2 in the process of closing and disconnecting, the sampling port between the power switch S2 and the resistor R28 is connected to the GPIO68 pin of the control module; the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C12, and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C12 is grounded. The electrolytic capacitor C12 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization. The +12V power supply port is connected to the base of the transistor QN4 and the collector of the transistor QN5 respectively through the resistor R29. The resistor R30 is connected to the base and emitter of the transistor QN4. The control module GPIO69 pin After the resistor R31 is connected to the base of the transistor QN5, the resistor R32 is connected to the base and emitter of the transistor QN5, the emitter of the transistor QN4 and the emitter of the transistor QN5 are connected to ground, and the resistors R29, R31 and R33 are used for current limiting. R30 and R32 are used to ensure the reliable shutdown of the triode; the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13 is grounded, the electrolytic capacitor C13 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization, and the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are connected in parallel , the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are grounded, and the +12V power port is connected to the N-channel through the resistor R33. The gates of the enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are connected. In the specific implementation, the short-circuit operates periodically and the time is short, which is used to humidify the membrane and prolong the life of the fuel cell. The model of the transistor QN4 is 2SD1628, the model of the transistor QN5 is SS8050, and the models of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are IRFP4110PbF.

As shown in Figure 12, the hydrogen supply valve drive circuit is specifically: the +12V power port is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C14, the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C14 is grounded, the electrolytic capacitor C14 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization, and the +12V power port is connected to the transistor QN6. The collector is connected, the control module GPIO70 pin is connected to the base of the transistor QN6 and the transistor QP3 through the resistor R34, the emitter of the transistor QN6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP3, and the transistor QN6 and the transistor QP3 form a push-pull circuit to ensure field effect The tube is turned on and turned off reliably, the +12V power port is connected to the anode of the hydrogen supply valve U11 and the cathode of the diode D3, the cathode of the hydrogen supply valve U11 is connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the diode D3 is used to protect the circuit and is connected to the N The drains of the channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8, the sources of the N channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 are grounded, the emitter of the triode QN6 and the emitter of the triode QP3 are connected to the N channel enhanced field effect transistor through the resistor R35 The gates of the field effect transistors M7 and M8 are connected, and the resistors R34 and R35 are used for current limiting. In specific implementation, the model of transistor QN6 is SS8050, the model of transistor QP3 is S8550, the model of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 is IRF1407, the model of diode D3 is IN5824, and the model of hydrogen supply valve is 2V025-08 Pneumatic solenoid valve.

As shown in Figure 13, the driving circuit of the purge valve is similar to the driving circuit of the hydrogen supply valve, specifically: the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C15, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C15 is grounded, and the electrolytic capacitor C15 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization. The +12V power supply port is connected to the collector of the transistor QN7, the GPIO71 pin of the control module is connected to the base of the transistor QN7 and the transistor QP4 through the resistor R36, the emitter of the transistor QN7 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP4, and the transistor QN7 and the transistor QP4 Constitute a push-pull circuit to ensure the stable conduction and reliable shutdown of the FET. The +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of the purge valve U12 and the negative pole of the diode D4. The negative pole of the purge valve U12 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D4. The diode D4 is used In the protection circuit, it is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10 at the same time, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10 are grounded, and the emitter of the transistor QN7 and the emitter of the transistor QP4 pass through Resistor R37 is connected to gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10, and resistors R36 and R37 are used for current limiting. In specific implementation, the model of transistor QN7 is SS8050, the model of transistor QP4 is S8550, the model of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M9 and M10 is IRF1407, the model of diode D4 is IN5824, and the model of purge valve U12 is 0520D. Closed electromagnetic exhaust valve, its purge outlet is placed outdoors.

As shown in Figure 14, the fan drive circuit is specifically: the GPIO10 pin of the control module is connected to the Vin+ pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 through the resistor R38, the Vin- pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 is connected to the digital ground DGND, and the +12V power supply The port is connected to the Vcc pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 and connected to the GND pin and grounded through the electrolytic capacitor C16. The electrolytic capacitor C16 is used for filtering and voltage stabilization. The Vo pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 is connected to the resistors R39 and R40 respectively. , the other end of resistor R39 is grounded, the other end of resistor R40 is connected to the gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12, the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of fan U14 and the negative pole of diode D5, the negative pole of fan U14 is connected to the negative pole of diode D5 The anode is connected, the diode D5 is used to protect the circuit, and it is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12 at the same time, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12 are grounded, and the resistors R38 and R40 are used in current limiting. In the specific implementation, the fan U14 adjusts the rotation speed in a closed loop to ensure the optimum temperature of the fuel cell under this working condition according to the temperature and current signals, combined with the factory characteristic data of the fuel cell. The model of the type FET M11 and M12 is IRF1407, the model of the fan U14 is PFR0912XHE, and the model of the diode D4 is IN5824.

This specific implementation plan is aimed at open-cathode hydrogen fuel cells with different power levels and characteristics, and can flexibly adjust the models and parameters of related components in the circuit to realize intelligent control of open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell systems with various power levels. Reasonable design, strong universality, highly integrated device, safe and reliable, low cost, simple secondary development and utilization, etc.

As shown in Figure 15, the specific application of the device control logic is being implemented: when the reset switch S1 is pressed for 3s, the switch signal sampling circuit continues to sample a high-level signal for 3s, and at the same time, the input current sampling circuit, battery temperature sampling circuit and device The power supply sampling circuit performs data sampling, and the control chip analyzes and processes to judge whether it meets the specified requirements. If the device setting requirements are met, it will start normally. If the conditions are not met, the buzzer will sound for 2 seconds to warn that it cannot start. The conditions set in the startup process are: The ambient temperature is lower than 45 degrees Celsius, the power supply voltage of the controller is 11~13V, and there is no hydrogen leakage signal in the hydrogen sampling test; at the initial time of normal startup, the purge valve works for 3 seconds to discharge excess air in the system, and the buzzer sounds for 1 second to indicate that it has entered the normal state. In the start-up procedure, the battery is short-circuited 5 times within 10s, each time for 0.1s, which is used in the humidification system to facilitate efficient operation; after the start-up operation is completed, the fuel cell system enters a normal working state. If the fuel cell operating environment requirements are met, the purge valve It works once every 10s, and purges for 1s each time. It is used to purge the gas that does not participate in the reaction and the water vapor generated by the reaction in the system. The input and output circuits are connected to the load. The hydrogen supply valve is always open to provide the hydrogen required for the reaction. The fan According to the temperature and current signal, the closed-loop adjustment of the speed is processed by the control chip to supplement oxygen and cool down the system; when the performance of the fuel cell is attenuated, the short-circuit switch can be selected to be closed, and the battery is short-circuited once every 10s, each time 0.1s, which is used to prolong the system Working life, improve system efficiency; when the sampling data is judged by the control chip not to meet the requirements of the fuel cell operating environment, it will quickly drive the relevant circuits to enter the shutdown execution process, resulting in failure to operate normally. The set conditions are that the battery current is greater than 45A and the battery temperature is high. At 70 degrees Celsius, the voltage of a single battery is less than 0.5V, and there is hydrogen leakage detected by hydrogen sampling; the trigger process of normal shutdown is to press the reset switch for 5s, and the shutdown execution process is that the buzzer sounds for 2s to prompt to enter the shutdown procedure, and the hydrogen supply valve is closed to stop the supply For hydrogen, the purge valve works for 5s to purge out the remaining gas in the system, and the rest of the drive circuits continue to work normally until the +12V power supply port stops supplying power and the device shuts down.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware part can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software part can be stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the above-described devices and methods can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and/or contained in processor control code, for example, on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, such as a read-only memory Such code is provided on a programmable memory (firmware) or on a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as VLSI or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., It can also be realized by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software such as firmware.

In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the designed control module, power supply filter conversion circuit, data sampling circuit and driving circuit all have scientific and reasonable characteristics, and have great advantages compared with the prior art. In order to avoid safety problems such as low voltage, high current, high temperature, and hydrogen leakage during the working process of the fuel cell system, the voltage, current, temperature, and hydrogen data sampling circuits are designed separately, and the high-performance chips are used to monitor and process the sampled data in real time , to ensure the safe, stable and intelligent operation of the fuel cell system; to ensure the reliable start of the fuel cell system, the reset switch and sampling circuit are used to detect whether the sampling data meets the start-up conditions; to prolong the service life of the fuel cell system, a short circuit is designed to optimize the internal state of the fuel cell; Effectively shield the interference between signals, and take measures to use relevant isolation modules and 0-ohm resistors; in order to improve the reliability of the system, the key drive components are all designed with redundancy, which not only reduces the working stress of the components, but also avoids a Accidents caused by device failures that cause the entire system to shut down; in order to reduce the impact of clutter brought by the power input on the circuit, a capacitor is connected between the power input terminal and the ground for filtering; in order to ensure reliable conduction and shutdown of the switching device , using a push-pull drive circuit; in order to eliminate the circuit jitter problem caused by the switch at the moment of turning on and off, a capacitor is connected in parallel to the two ends of the switch for hardware to eliminate jitter; in order to improve the battery current sampling data, battery temperature sampling For the sampling accuracy of data and device power supply sampling data, resistors are used at the non-inverting input and inverting input of the operational amplifier for signal voltage division processing, and variable resistors are used for fine-tuning to ensure that the signal output range is completely allocated to the control chip. In order to avoid direct damage to the control device caused by the high voltage or current of the power supply interface of the device, a self-recovery fuse F1 and a transient voltage suppression diode DZ1 are respectively connected to the power supply interface to avoid transient high voltage and large Electric current can damage the control unit.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, whoever is within the spirit and principles of the present invention Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device, characterized in that the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device comprises: Control module, power filter conversion circuit, data sampling circuit and drive circuit; The control module is respectively connected with the power filter conversion circuit, the data sampling circuit and the driving circuit, the power filter conversion circuit is connected with the data sampling circuit and the driving circuit, the data sampling circuit is connected with a sensor and a voltage dividing sampling circuit, and the driving circuit is connected with the controlled device Connect with external equipment; The control module is used to receive the sampling data from the data sampling circuit, and send a control command to the relevant driving circuit after analysis and processing; The data sampling circuit is used for data collection, and the collected data is input to the control module, which is analyzed and processed by the control module and then output to the driving circuit; The drive circuit is used to control the controlled device and external equipment to complete the instruction operation under the action of the control instruction; The data sampling circuit includes a switching signal sampling circuit, an input voltage sampling circuit, an input current sampling circuit, a battery temperature sampling circuit, a device power supply sampling circuit, a hydrogen detection sampling circuit and a short circuit signal sampling circuit; The driving circuit includes a switch driving circuit, an alarm driving circuit, an input and output driving circuit, a hydrogen supply valve driving circuit, a purge valve driving circuit, a fan driving circuit and a short circuit driving circuit; The switching signal sampling circuit and the switching driving circuit are specifically: the negative output terminal of the diode D1 in the 12V power supply filtering and protection circuit is connected to the reset switch S1 and the emitter of the triode QP1, and the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel at both ends of the reset switch S1, and the reset switch S1 is separately One end of the diode D2 is connected to the collector of the triode QP1, and the other end of the reset switch S1 is grounded through the resistors R1 and R2 respectively. Indirect resistor R3, the base of the transistor QP1 is also connected to the collector of the transistor QN1, the collector of the transistor QP1 also leads to the +12V power supply port and is grounded after the electrolytic capacitor C4, and the control module GPIO65 is connected to the base of the transistor QN1 through the resistor R4 pole, and the emitter of QN1 is grounded. 2. The cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the input voltage sampling circuit and the input and output drive circuit are specifically: the positive input Vin+ of the device passes through the resistor R5, the adjustable resistor R6 and the resistor R7 is grounded, and capacitor C5 is connected in parallel to both ends of resistor R7, the sliding contact of adjustable resistor R6 is connected to resistor R7, and connected to the ADCINA0 pin of the control module at the same time; N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and M4 Connect two by two in parallel and the source is connected to the analog ground AGND. The positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the drains of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1 and M2, and the positive output Vout+ of the device is connected to the drains of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M3 and M4. Drain; the GPIO66 pin of the control module is connected to the AN pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 through the resistor R9, the CAT pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is directly grounded, and the COL pin of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is connected to the isolated power supply 12V and the transistor QN2 The collector of the optocoupler isolation element U4 is connected to the base of the transistor QN2 and the transistor QP2 at the same time, and connected to the collector of the transistor QP2 through the resistor R10, and finally connected to the analog ground AGND, the emitter of the transistor QN2 and the transistor QP2 connected to the emitter of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M1, M2, M3 and M4 at the same time, and connected to the sources of the four N-channel enhanced field effect transistors through the resistor R8. 3. The open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system control device according to claim 1, wherein the input current sampling circuit is specifically: the input port of the current sensor U6 is connected to the positive pole Vfc_in of the fuel cell, the output port is connected to the positive pole input Vin+ of the device, The positive and negative power supply pins of the current sensor U6 are respectively connected to the +5V power supply port and the ground, the sampling data output pin Sfc is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 and the resistor R13 through the resistor R12, the other end of the resistor R13 is grounded, and the two ends of the capacitor C6 Connect the +5V power supply port and the ground respectively, the +5V power supply port is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 through the resistor R14, the variable resistor R15, and the resistor R17 in sequence, and the sliding contact of the variable resistor R15 is connected to the resistor R17, and at the same time Resistor R16 is then grounded, resistor R18 is connected in parallel with capacitor C7 and connected to the inverting input terminal and output terminal of operational amplifier U7 respectively, the positive and negative poles of operational amplifier U7 are connected to +5V power supply port and ground respectively, and the output terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to Input control module ADCINA1 pin. 4. The open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system control device according to claim 1, wherein the battery temperature sampling circuit is specifically: the +5V power supply port is grounded through the resistor R19 and the thermistor RT1, and the two ends of the capacitor C8 are respectively connected to +5V power supply port and ground, the connecting terminal of resistor R19 and thermistor RT1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U8, the +5V power supply port is grounded through variable resistor R20 and resistor R21, and the sliding contact of variable resistor R20 is also connected Resistor R21 is connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U8 after passing through resistor R22, resistor R23 is connected in parallel with capacitor C9 and connected to the inverting input terminal and output terminal of operational amplifier U8 respectively, and the positive and negative poles of operational amplifier U8 are respectively connected to + 5V power supply port and ground, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U8 is connected to the ADCINA2 pin of the control module. 5. The open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system control device according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit signal sampling and short-circuit driving circuit is specifically: the +5V power port is grounded after passing through the resistor R27, the power switch S2 and the resistor R28, The capacitor C11 is connected in parallel to both ends of the power switch S2, and the sampling port is connected to the control module GPIO68 pin between the power switch S2 and the resistor R28; the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C12, and the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C12 is grounded, +12V The power supply port is respectively connected to the base of the transistor QN4 and the collector of the transistor QN5 through the resistor R29, the resistor R30 is connected to the base and emitter of the transistor QN4, and the GPIO69 pin of the control module is connected to the base of the transistor QN5 through the resistor R31. The resistor R32 is connected to the base and emitter of the transistor QN5, the emitter of the transistor QN4 and the emitter of the transistor QN5 are connected to ground, the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13, and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor C13 is grounded, N-channel enhanced field effect The tubes M5 and M6 are connected in parallel, the positive input Vin+ of the device is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6, the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6 are grounded, and the +12V power port is connected to the resistor R33 Afterwards, it is connected with the gates of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M5 and M6. 6. The control device for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply valve driving circuit is specifically: +12V power supply port is connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C14, the negative pole of the electrolytic capacitor C14 is grounded, and + The 12V power supply port is connected to the collector of the transistor QN6, the GPIO70 pin of the control module is connected to the base of the transistor QN6 and the transistor QP3 through the resistor R34, the emitter of the transistor QN6 is connected to the emitter of the transistor QP3, and the +12V power port is connected to hydrogen The positive pole of the supply valve U11 is connected to the negative pole of the diode D3, the negative pole of the hydrogen supply valve U11 is connected to the positive pole of the diode D3, and is connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 at the same time, and the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors The sources of M7 and M8 are grounded, and the emitter of transistor QN6 and the emitter of transistor QP3 are connected to the gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M7 and M8 via resistor R35. 7. The control device for an open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fan drive circuit is specifically: the GPIO10 pin of the control module is connected to the Vin+ pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 through a resistor R38, and the optocoupler The Vin- pin of the isolation element U13 is connected to the digital ground DGND, the +12V power port is connected to the Vcc pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 and connected to the GND pin and grounded through the electrolytic capacitor C16, and the Vo pin of the optocoupler isolation element U13 Connect to resistors R39 and R40 respectively, the other end of resistor R39 is grounded, the other end of resistor R40 is connected to the gates of N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12, the +12V power port is connected to the positive pole of fan U14 and the negative pole of diode D5, and the fan The cathode of U14 is connected to the anode of the diode D5, and is also connected to the drains of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12, and the sources of the N-channel enhanced field effect transistors M11 and M12 are grounded. 8. A cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control method for implementing the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell system control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cathode open hydrogen fuel cell System control methods include: Step 1, using the data sampling circuit to collect data, inputting the collected data to the control module, and outputting the collected data to the driving circuit after being analyzed and processed by the control module; Step 2, under the action of the control command, the drive circuit controls the controlled device and the external equipment to complete the command operation, so as to realize the control of the fuel cell system.