CN116335167A - Self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an expansion soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, which comprises lattice beams, a touch-open type anchor rod, a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller, wherein vegetation is arranged in lattice frames; the plurality of touch-open type anchor rods are arranged at the intersections of the plurality of unit beams of the lattice beam; the touch-and-display type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, a linkage rod and a plurality of grouting pipes, wherein the linkage rod is arranged in an anchor area, and the grouting pipes are rotationally connected with the linkage rod; the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device comprises a pump, a water pumping head, a spray head and a drain pipe, the fluid expansion device comprises a piston cylinder and a piston head, and the interval energy controller controls the operation of the comprehensive treatment system. Besides internal pressure regulation, the comprehensive treatment system of the invention synchronously realizes the regulation of the expansion stroke in the dynamic change process of the fluid inflation and drainage of the piston cylinder, wherein the change quantity of the expansion stroke in rainy season is positive value, and the change quantity of the expansion stroke in dry season is negative value, thereby realizing the self-adaptive regulation function of the expansion effect.

Description

A comprehensive treatment system for adaptive drainage and swelling reduction of expansive soil slopes and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of expansive soil slope treatment in geotechnical engineering, in particular to an expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

In railway construction, the original terrain conditions are difficult to meet the requirements of flat and linear sections, and deep excavation and high filling slopes are inevitable during the construction process. When the slope is built on expansive soil, it is very prone to engineering disasters such as collapse and sliding, which endanger the safety of railways and houses along the line. Geotechnical engineering practitioners even call this kind of slope "every cut will slide, and no embankment will not collapse." ".

The clay components contained in expansive soil are mainly composed of strongly hydrophilic minerals such as montmorillonite and illite, which have the characteristics of repeated expansion and contraction, multiple cracks, and water sensitivity, and are extremely unstable in nature. These three characteristics are all related to water or humidity. Among them, the dry-wet cycle caused by humidity changes has a great influence on the engineering properties of expansive soil, and is also an important reason for the deterioration of expansive soil strength. Once the environmental humidity changes, the expansive soil absorbs water and expands, loses water and shrinks, resulting in strong expansion and contraction deformation, and at the same time transmits a huge expansion force to the rigid or semi-rigid support structure, resulting in continuous deterioration of the structural support performance. With the increase of the number of dry-wet cycles, the cracks on the surface of expansive soil continue to expand, the soil structure continues to change, water infiltration and loss are more rapid, and the dry-wet cycle becomes more and more severe, resulting in significant strength and stability of expansive soil. reduce. In addition, the in-depth development and penetration of cracks caused a large number of cracks on the surface of expansive soil slopes, which aggravated the soil erosion on the slope surface, causing germination and plant growth to often face severe drought and nutrient deficiencies, and significantly reduced the expansive soil slope. Plant slope protection ability and landscape harmony.

In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor finds that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

1. The drainage effect is poor. There are three types of existing slope drainage technologies: insert a drainage pipe at a negative angle inside the slope to discharge the internal water; install a reverse filter layer behind the support structure to discharge the internal water and prevent soil loss; set a geotechnical Cloth and gutters to drain surface water. Among them, the drainage pipe technology is easy to cause blockage of the pipe body, and the coverage of the drainage area is not deep due to the negative angle insertion method, and this traditional drainage technology is passive, the drainage rate cannot be adjusted, and the drainage capacity is not strong; the reverse filter layer technology and slope The surface drainage technology cannot discharge the accumulated water deep in the slope; and the above three drainage structures are independent of the slope support structure, requiring separate design and construction, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

2. Plant irrigation cannot be self-sufficient. Existing treatment technologies for expansive soil slopes pay too much attention to slope drainage, ignoring the reasonable irrigation of plants on the slope surface—it is easy to cause poor growth or even death of plants due to lack of water, and lose the slope protection effect of plants on the slope; even Understanding the importance of irrigated plants does not combine it with the reinforcement structure—that is, the irrigation structure needs to be installed separately, and water resources are transported from other areas for irrigation, which reduces the economy.

3. Excessive emphasis on structural rigidity, poor reinforcement and expansion reduction effects. The existing expansive soil slope treatment technology can be divided into rigid retaining technology and flexible retaining technology according to structural rigidity and allowable deformation. Rigid retaining technologies, such as retaining walls, anti-slide piles, anchor (cable) frame beams, etc., are difficult to take into account the effect of expansion reduction while slope reinforcement, resulting in repeated expansion and contraction deformation and expansion force of retaining structures in expansive soils. Irreversible damage occurs under the action of the impact, which deteriorates its mechanical properties, greatly reduces the durability of the structure, and weakens the supporting capacity of the structure. The flexible retaining technology can be divided into two types: the rigid retaining structure is provided with flexible anti-expansion materials such as polystyrene EPS board and reverse filter layer, or the flexible anti-expansion materials such as sand are directly drilled into the slope surface , such as the invention CN115262591A; comparatively complex expansion-reducing and energy-dissipating structures are set on the slope surface, such as CN1163619A. Among them, polystyrene EPS board technology and reverse filter layer technology cannot adaptively match the expansion deformation, resulting in poor expansion reduction effect when the thickness of the expansion reduction material is small, and economic rationality cannot be taken into account when the thickness is large; the expansion and energy dissipation structure technology uses The anti-expansion structure is relatively complicated, and the anti-expansion structure needs to be designed and installed separately, which cannot achieve the purpose of economy.

4. The structural integration rate is low, the construction steps are cumbersome, and the project cost is high. Existing expansive soil slope treatment technologies cannot integrate structures or functions such as slope drainage, plant irrigation, flexible swelling reduction, and slope support, which not only adds multiple projects, complicates construction steps, but also increases project cost.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system that takes into account the functions of reinforcement, water drainage and storage, flexible expansion reduction, greening, etc., so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction, including lattice beams, touch-out anchors, self-adaptive pumping and drainage devices, fluid expansion reducing devices and interval energy controllers The lattice beams are arranged on the slope surface, and vegetation is arranged in the lattice grid of the lattice beams; the touch-type anchor rods are configured in multiples, and are respectively arranged on the lattice beams of the lattice beams. At the crossing point of unit beams; the touch-type anchor includes an anchor body, a linkage rod and a plurality of grouting pipes, the anchor body is anchored in the anchor hole formed on the slope, and the anchor body is anchored in the anchor hole formed on the slope. The top end of the anchor body runs through the lattice beam, and the inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into the expansion reducing area, the water filtering area, the water accumulation area and the anchoring area by the separator from top to bottom, and the linkage rod can move axially Arranged in the anchoring area, a plurality of the grouting pipes are respectively rotatably connected with the linkage rod, and can be opened around the linkage rod when the linkage rod moves upward; each of the anchor rods The body corresponds to an adaptive pumping and draining device and a fluid expansion reducing device. The adaptive pumping and draining device includes a pump, a water pump, a nozzle and a drain pipe. The water pump is arranged in the water accumulation area, and the nozzle It is arranged in the lattice sash, the water outlet of the drainage pipe is placed in the drainage groove of the lattice beam, and the water pump, the nozzle and the drainage pipe are respectively connected to the pump; The fluid expansion reducing device includes a piston cylinder and a piston head, the piston head is fixed on the top of the anchor rod body, the piston cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body, and the piston cylinder is respectively connected to the anchor rod body The piston head and the anchor rod body can be slidably and sealedly connected; the interval energy controllers are configured in multiples, respectively controlling the operating states of the self-adaptive pumping and drainage devices and the fluid expansion reducing devices in different regions of the comprehensive treatment system .

Further, the section energy controller includes a controller and pore water pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, fluid pressure sensors, and displacement sensors equal to the number of touch-type bolts in the area controlled by the section energy controller. The pressure sensors are respectively arranged in the corresponding water accumulation areas, the soil moisture sensors are respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding touch-type bolts, and the fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors are arranged in the corresponding piston cylinders.

Further, both the pumping head and the pore water pressure sensor are located at the bottom of the water accumulation area, the pore water pressure sensor monitors the water level change of the accumulation water, and transmits the monitored data to the controller, so The regulator calculates the height of the accumulated water level from the pump head according to the received data.

Further, the linkage rod is arranged on the central axis of the anchoring area through a plurality of bracket tubes, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed from the anchor rod body; a plurality of the grouting pipes spiral in the circumferential direction It is arranged on the side wall of the water accumulation area of the anchor body, and the bottom ends of the multiple grouting pipes are rotationally connected with the linkage rod through bolts. When the bottom end of the linkage rod touches the bottom of the anchor hole, the The retraction of the linkage rod drives the top ends of the plurality of grouting pipes to expand outward and penetrate into the soil around the anchor hole.

Further, the end of the linkage rod exposed to the anchor rod body is provided with an enlarged head; the top end of the grouting pipe is provided with a countersunk groove, and the countersunk groove is provided for preventing the expansion of the soil Enter the T-shaped piston in the grouting pipe.

Further, the separator includes a first separator, a second separator and a third separator arranged in sequence, the first separator and the third separator are provided with a first through hole for pipelines to pass through, Several second through holes for water penetration are opened on the second separation sheet.

Further, the water filtering area is divided into side cavities on both sides and a middle cavity between the two side cavities by a compartment sheet, and the side cavities and the middle cavity are both along the anchor rod body. The axial extension of the anchor rod body is provided with a number of water filter holes corresponding to each of the side cavities, and a filter sponge is arranged in each of the side cavities.

Further, the fluid expansion device further includes a base arranged at the crossing point of the unit beams of the lattice beams, and the base is integrally arranged with the lattice beams.

Further, a first sealing ring is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring is provided at the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder.

The present invention also provides a construction method of a comprehensive treatment system for self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction of expansive soil slopes, which includes the following steps:

S1. Level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches and intercepting ditches at the top and foot of the slope;

S2. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, the height of each level of slope shall not exceed 5000mm, and the slope shall not exceed 45%;

S3, determine the position of each bolt hole, and drill holes on the side slope;

S4. First insert the touch-spreading anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod touches the bottom of the anchor hole, then pull the touch-spreading anchor outward to fully expand the grouting pipe, and then pass through the grouting pipe Inject cement mortar under pressure into the gap between the anchor body and the anchor hole wall;

S5. After the grouting is completed, install prefabricated lattice beams, nozzles, piston cylinders and piston heads on the slope surface, and place the water outlet of the drainage pipe in the concave groove on the top of the lattice beams to facilitate drainage;

S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, turn on the power, check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally;

S7. Plant vegetation in the lattice frame, and finally complete the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1), during the rainy season of the present invention, the expansive soil from the slope surface to the atmospheric influence depth absorbs water and swells, while the humidity of the expansive soil in the depth of the slope is relatively stable, without obvious expansion deformation, so the slope surface presents an overall outward expansion deformation , the volume of water and air stored in the compressed fluid de-expansion device, the internal pressure of the piston cylinder increases, the fluid pressure sensor monitors the increase in the pressure in the piston cylinder, and feeds back the signal to the interval controller, which controls the pump The machine fills the fluid reducing device with accumulated water, and discharges air at the same time, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is adjusted within the range of ±5kPa of the set value. During the dry season, the expansive soil from the surface of the slope to the depth of the influence of the atmosphere loses water and shrinks, while the humidity of the expansive soil in the depth of the slope is relatively stable without obvious shrinkage deformation, so the surface of the slope shows an overall inward shrinkage deformation, and the fluid expansion device The volume of water and air stored in the interior rebounds accordingly, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder decreases. The fluid pressure sensor monitors the pressure decrease in the piston cylinder, and feeds back the signal to the interval energy controller, which controls the pump to flow to the fluid. The expansion reducing device is filled with air, and at the same time, the accumulated water is discharged to the nozzle for irrigation, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder can be adjusted within the range of the set value ± 5kPa, so as to realize the self-adaptive adjustment function of the internal pressure and anchoring force.

(2) In addition to internal pressure adjustment, the present invention also simultaneously realizes the adjustment of the expansion reduction stroke during the dynamic change process of filling and discharging fluid in the piston cylinder: if the compression variation of the fluid volume is not considered, during the rainy season, the filling fluid If the volume is smaller than the volume of the discharged fluid, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder decreases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the direction of the outer normal of the slope surface, and the change in the debulking stroke is positive; in the dry season, the volume of the filled fluid is greater than that of the discharged fluid. Fluid volume, the volume of fluid in the piston cylinder increases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the outer normal direction of the slope surface, and the variation of the debulking stroke is negative. The de-expansion stroke can be observed in real time through the displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. In the rainy season, the variation of the swelling reduction stroke is positive, and in the dry season, the variation of the swelling reduction stroke is negative, so as to realize the self-adaptive adjustment function of the swelling reduction effect.

(3), the comprehensive treatment system of the present invention controls the operation of the self-adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion device in the corresponding corresponding area through the section energy controller, and the rainwater collected in the water accumulation area can pass through according to the actual needs of the external environment. The interval energy controller is deployed without manual operation, which not only satisfies the automatic irrigation of slope vegetation, but also in the rainy season, the interval energy controller can discharge the accumulated water to In the external drainage ditch, the invention realizes the collection of slope rainwater and the multifunctional utilization of collected rainwater, greatly improving the utilization rate of natural resources.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used together with the following specific embodiments to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute limitations to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the overall application side view of the expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an overall front view of the comprehensive treatment system for self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction of expansive soil slopes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an overall front view of the cooperating structure of the touch-and-spread anchor rod, the self-adaptive pumping and draining device and the fluid expansion device of the embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is used for the convenience of description);

Fig. 4 is the front view of the partial structure of the expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is used for convenience of explanation);

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a rod body water filtration area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the self-adaptive pumping and drainage device and the anchor rod body according to the embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is used for the convenience of description);

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure at M in Fig. 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control structure of the interval controller according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Among them, 1-lattice beam, 1.1-lattice sash, 2-vegetation, 3-anchor body, 3.1-expansion reduction area, 3.2-water filtration area, 3.3-water accumulation area, 3.4-anchor area, 3a- Side cavity, 3b-middle cavity, 4-linkage rod, 5-grouting pipe, 6-pore water pressure sensor, 7-pump, 8-water pump, 9-nozzle, 10-humidity sensor, 11-drainage pipe, 12-piston cylinder, 12.1-water inlet and outlet, 13-piston head, 13.1-air inlet and outlet, 14-fluid pressure sensor, 15-displacement sensor, 17-base, 18-first separator, 19-second separator, 20 -The third separator, 21-chamber, 22-filter hole, 23-filter sponge, 24-water accumulation, 25-enlarged head, 26-T-type piston, 27-first sealing ring, 28-second Sealing ring, 29-bolt hole, 30-regulator, 31-support tube, 32-drainage ditch, 33-cutting ditch.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in various ways defined and covered by the claims.

Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, this embodiment provides a comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction, including lattice beam 1, touch-out anchor, self-adaptive pumping and drainage device, fluid swelling reducing device and Interval energy controller; the lattice beam 1 is arranged on the slope surface, the side slope and the bottom of the lattice beam 1 are provided with drainage ditches 32 , and the top of the slope is provided with an intercepting ditch 33 . The lattice beam 1 is a prefabricated structure consisting of a number of first unit beams and a number of second unit beams cross-connected to each other to form a number of diamond-shaped lattice sash 1.1, and the top of the cross-section of the unit beam is depressed downward to form a drainage groove; The full length of the unit beam is reinforced to increase the strength of the lattice beam. Vegetation 2 is planted in lattice frame 1.1, and the vegetation is a drought-resistant and erosion-resistant herbaceous plant, which is planted by transplanting or sowing, preferably ryegrass, vetiver or bermudagrass and other herbaceous plants.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of touch-type anchor rods are configured, which are respectively arranged at intersections of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam. The touch anchor includes an anchor body 3, a linkage rod 4 and a plurality of grouting pipes 5. The anchor body 3 is a hollow structure, and the top of the anchor body is set through the lattice beam. In the anchor rod hole 29, and there is a gap between the anchor rod body and the hole wall of the anchor rod hole. The inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into the expansion reducing area 3.1, the water filtering area 3.2, the water accumulation area 3.3 and the anchoring area 3.4 sequentially by the separator from top to bottom. The separator includes the first separator 17 and the second separator arranged in sequence. sheet 18 and the third separator 19, the first separator and the third separator are only provided with a first through hole for the pipeline to pass through, and the second separator is provided with several second through holes for water penetration, and several The second through holes are arranged in a rectangular shape. Preferably, the length of the swelling reduction zone is 300-500 mm, the length of the water filtration zone is 3000-5000 mm, the length of the water accumulation zone is 100-200 mm, the length of the anchoring zone is greater than 2600 mm, and the total length of the anchor body is 6000-5000 mm. 8000mm. The structural setting reasonably sets the length of the anchor rod body, especially the length of the anchorage area, which can effectively improve the stability of the slope.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the water filtering area is divided into side chambers 3a on both sides and a middle chamber 3b between the two side chambers by the compartment sheet 21, and both the side chambers and the middle chamber extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body . The two side cavities are the insertion spaces for the filter sponge 23, and the middle cavity is the layout space for pipelines such as high-pressure hoses, sensor wiring, and slurry guide tubes. Corresponding to each side cavity 3a, several circular water filter holes 22 are opened on the anchor body, and the several water filter holes are arranged in a quincunx shape.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of support tubes 31 are arranged in the anchoring area, and the linkage rod 4 is arranged axially movable on the central axis inside the anchoring area 3.4 through the plurality of support tubes, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed on the anchor body. An enlarged head 25 is arranged at one end of the linkage rod where the rod body is exposed, so as to increase the force exerted on the linkage rod by the soil body. A plurality of installation holes are provided on the side wall of the bolt volume water area 3.3, and the plurality of installation holes are spirally arranged along the circumference of the anchor body, and a plurality of grouting pipes respectively pass through the plurality of installation holes, and the bottom of the plurality of grouting pipes The two ends are rotationally connected with the linkage rod through bolts, and the bottom end of the grouting pipe is provided with a hook for easy connection with the grouting pipe. When an upward force is applied to the bottom end of the linkage rod, a plurality of grouting pipes can spread out around the linkage rod as the center. When the bottom end of the linkage rod is in contact with the bottom of the anchor hole 29, the linkage rod retracts upwards to drive the tops of the multiple grouting pipes to spread out and penetrate into the soil around the anchor hole 29. The top of the grouting pipe is also provided with a countersunk groove, and a T-shaped piston 26 is arranged in the countersunk groove to prevent the soil from entering the grouting pipe and ensure that the cement mortar can be introduced between the anchor body and the anchor hole 29 within the gap.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the anchor rod body 3 is inserted into the anchor rod hole 29, the upper end of the grouting pipe 5 is close to the wall of the anchor rod hole due to the force of the soil body. At this time, the linkage rod 4 does not contact the soil body or The contact force is small, and the grouting pipe 5 is in the unexpanded stage. When the bottom of the anchor body 3 reaches the bottom of the anchor hole, the enlarged head 25 of the linkage rod contacts the soil at the bottom of the anchor hole, and shrinks along the axial direction of the anchor body due to the reaction force of the soil to it, driving injection The grouting pipe 5 rotates and unfolds around the axis where the bolt is located. At this time, the grouting pipe invades the wall of the bolt hole, and the grouting pipe is in the pre-expansion stage. Then pull the bolt body reversely along the bolt hole, the grouting pipe 5 is further rotated around the axis where the bolt is located by the force of the soil, and drives the linkage rod to further shrink upward until the top of the linkage rod touches the third partition Up to sheet 19, the grouting pipe 5 is in the fully expanded stage. After the grouting pipe is fully expanded, the cement mortar is introduced into the space between the anchor rod body and the 29 hole walls of the anchor rod hole through a plurality of grouting pipes 5 to form a cement mortar layer, and the cement mortar layer and the surrounding rock and soil body Together they form a drop-shaped anchor extension.

In the embodiment of the present invention, each anchor body corresponds to an adaptive pumping and drainage device and a fluid expansion reducing device, and each self-adapting pumping and drainage device The height of the water level in the area is controlled to use the accumulated water in the accumulated water area 3.3 to irrigate the vegetation 2 or to discharge it to the drainage ditch 32. The self-adaptive pumping and drainage device includes a pump 7, a pumping head 8, a nozzle 9 and a drain pipe 11. The pump is respectively connected to the pumping head and the nozzle through a high-pressure water pipe, and the drain pipe is connected to the pump; the pressure water pipe and the drain pipe are all made of high-strength High pressure hose made of silicone material. The nozzle 9 is used to irrigate the plants on the surface of the expansive soil slope, and the diameter of the spraying coverage area should be 200mm larger than the distance between adjacent anchor holes. The water outlet of the drainage pipe is arranged in the drainage groove of the lattice beam, which is used to discharge the accumulated water directly into the drainage ditch.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the fluid expansion device includes a base 17, a piston cylinder 12 and a piston head 13, the base is embedded at the intersection of lattice beams, the piston cylinder is embedded on the base, and the piston cylinder can be slidably and sealed in the anchor On the outer wall of the rod body; the piston head is sleeved on the top of the anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body is welded and connected. In this structural setting, the base 17 is a reinforced concrete structure integrated with the lattice beam 1, which is used to bear the pressure from the piston cylinder; the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel, and the side wall of the piston cylinder is provided with a water inlet and outlet for connecting with the pump 12.1, there is an insertion hole for the anchor body 3 at the bottom; the piston head 13 is a stainless steel circular thin plate, which is welded with the anchor body, and the piston head is provided with an air inlet and outlet 13.1 for connecting with the pump. A first sealing ring 27 is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring 28 is provided at the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder to prevent water and gas from leaking from the inside of the piston cylinder. The pump is arranged on the upper section of the rock bolt body. The pump 7 has 5 control valves in total, the maximum delivery flow rate is 2L/min, and the maximum delivery pressure is 500kPa. When the fluid de-expansion device reaches the predetermined internal pressure, anchoring force and de-expansion travel range, the control valve is closed to save electric energy and prolong the durability of the system.

In the embodiment of the present invention, multiple interval energy controllers are configured to respectively control the operating states of the self-adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion reducing device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system. The interval energy controller includes a controller 30 and pore water pressure sensors 6, soil moisture sensors 10, fluid pressure sensors 14, and displacement sensors 15 equal to the number of touch-type bolts in the area controlled by the interval energy controller; The pressure sensors 6 are respectively arranged at the inner bottom of the corresponding water accumulation area 3.3 to monitor the change of the accumulation water 24 in the water accumulation area, and transmit the monitored data to the interval energy controller, which calculates according to the received data The height of the accumulated water level from the pump head. Each soil moisture sensor 10 is respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding touch-type anchor rod, and embedded in the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmospheric influence layer, preferably the soil moisture sensor is buried in four adjacent anchor rod holes up, down, left, and right At the intersection of the centerlines of the formed rectangles; the embedding depth is 100-5000mm, preferably 100mm, 400mm, 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000m and 5000mm. The soil moisture sensor feedback data adopts the soil quality humidity index, the measurement range is 0-100%, and the measurement accuracy is ±1%. The normal data range of soil moisture sensors with buried depths of 100mm and 400mm is 17% to 30%. The normal data range of soil moisture sensors with buried depths of 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000mm and 5000mm is less than 30% and the soil moisture increase rate is less than 5%/h. The fluid pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the piston cylinder, and can monitor the pressure change in the fluid expansion reducing device; the specific setting value of the pressure in the expansion reducing piston device is determined by the design anchoring force. The displacement sensor 15 is arranged at the bottom of the piston cylinder, and can monitor the displacement change of the piston head 13 relative to the piston cylinder 12, that is, the debulking stroke. The middle value of the initially set piston cylinder height is 0 for the debulking stroke, and it is stipulated that the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is positive if it is opposite to the outer normal direction of the slope surface, and is positive if it is consistent with the outer normal direction of the slope surface. is negative; the specific setting value of the de-expansion stroke is determined by the expansion and contraction of the soil. The controller is respectively connected with all pumps, pore water pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors in the area controlled by the energy controller in the interval. The interval energy controller can be powered by a solar power supply device. When the weather is fine and the electric energy converted by solar energy is surplus, more electric energy is stored in the battery of the interval energy controller; when the rainy day comes and the electric energy converted by solar energy is insufficient So that when the comprehensive treatment system is running normally, the battery outputs electric energy to the comprehensive treatment system to ensure the stability of voltage and current.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the expansive soil slope is greatly affected by the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the degree of expansion and contraction along the depth direction is inconsistent. In the area below 3000-5000mm, the humidity of the soil beyond this range is relatively stable, and the phenomenon of expansion and contraction is not obvious. During the rainy season, the expansive soil in the depth of the atmospheric influence of the slope absorbs water and swells, while the humidity of the expansive soil inside the slope is relatively stable without obvious expansion deformation, so the surface of the slope presents an overall outward expansion deformation, and the compressed fluid stored in the expansion device The volume of water and air, the internal pressure of piston cylinder 12 increases. The fluid pressure sensor 14 monitors the pressure increase in the piston cylinder 12, and feeds back the signal to the zone controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump machine 7 to fill the fluid expansion device with accumulated water and discharge air at the same time, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is adjusted within the range of the set value ± 5kPa. This setting value needs to be greater than the non-rainy season data to provide greater support force, in line with the engineering experience that expansive soil slopes are more likely to lose stability and slide after rain. During the dry season, the expansive soil within the depth of the atmospheric influence of the slope loses water and shrinks, while the humidity of the expansive soil inside the slope is relatively stable, and there is no obvious shrinkage deformation. Therefore, the surface of the slope shows an overall inward shrinkage deformation. The volume of water and air rebounds accordingly, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder decreases. The fluid pressure sensor monitors the pressure decrease in the piston cylinder, and feeds back the signal to the zone energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump to fill the fluid expansion device with air, and at the same time discharges the accumulated water through the nozzle for irrigation, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder can be adjusted within the range of the set value ± 5kPa, so as to realize the internal pressure of the piston cylinder. And the adaptive adjustment function of anchoring force.

When ignoring the friction force of the piston head on the piston cylinder, the relationship between the internal pressure of the piston cylinder and the anchoring force is:

F=KP (1)

Among them, the parameters F, K, and P respectively represent the anchoring force, the area parameter, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder. When the inner diameter of the piston cylinder is 400mm and the outer diameter of the anchor body is 60mm, K is taken as 0.123m ² ;

In the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the adjustment of the internal pressure of the piston cylinder, during the dynamic change process of filling and discharging the fluid in the piston cylinder, the adjustment of the expansion reduction stroke is also realized synchronously: if the compression variation of the fluid volume is not considered, during the rainy season, the filling If the volume of the incoming fluid is smaller than the volume of the discharged fluid, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder decreases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the outer normal direction of the slope surface, and the variation of the debulking stroke is positive; in the dry season, the fluid volume filled If it is greater than the volume of the discharged fluid, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder increases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the outer normal direction of the slope surface, and the variation of the debulking stroke is negative. The de-expansion stroke can be observed in real time through the displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. In the rainy season, the variation of the inflation reduction stroke is positive, and in the dry season, the variation of the inflation reduction stroke is negative, so as to realize the self-adaptive adjustment function of the inflation reduction effect.

In the embodiment of the present invention, each fluid deswelling device of the comprehensive treatment system operates independently without interfering with each other. Even if one of the fluid deswelling devices is damaged, it does not interfere with the operation of other fluids deswelling devices. At the same time, according to the feedback data of the fluid pressure sensor, the damage of a certain fluid expansion device can be known in time: if the pump continuously fills a certain fluid expansion device with air or accumulated water and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder remains low or When it is raised and then lowered, it can be determined that the fluid deflator may be damaged. In this way, the functions of self-adaptive support, expansion reduction, independent operation of the device, and integration of expansion reduction and reinforcement are realized.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the section energy controller controls the pump machine 7 and the fluid expansion reducing device according to the sensor feedback information. When the soil moisture with a depth of 100mm or 400mm is less than 17%, the interval controller will order the pump 7 to extract the accumulated water 24 and transport it to the nozzle 9 for irrigation. If the accumulated water is insufficient, the feedback data from the pore water pressure sensor 6 will show that the water level depth is less than 50mm At this time, the pump 7 pumps the water stored in the fluid deswelling device through the water inlet and outlet 12.1 of the piston cylinder to irrigate the vegetation until the soil humidity at a depth of 100mm and 400mm reaches 20%, or the water stored in the fluid deswelling device is exhausted. ; At the same time, fill the fluid de-expansion device with air through the air inlet and outlet of the piston cylinder to keep the internal pressure and de-expansion stroke stable within the set range. When the soil humidity is greater than 30% or the feedback data from the pore water pressure sensor 6 shows that the water level is greater than 100mm (or 200mm, the water level depends on the design length of the water accumulation area 24), the interval controller will order the pump to extract the accumulated water and store it in the In the fluid de-expansion device, and at the same time draw air into the fluid de-expansion device through the air inlet and outlet of the piston head to keep the internal pressure stable within the set range; when the fluid de-expansion device stores water is full, the pump directly passes through The pipe drains into the gutters of the lattice beams. Drain until the soil moisture at the depths of 100mm and 400mm is less than 30%, or the feedback data from the pore water pressure sensor shows that the water level depth is less than 50mm. In this way, the self-sufficiency of vegetation irrigation with reinforcement of shallow plant roots, deep anchorage, sufficient water in small droughts, and water in severe droughts is guaranteed.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides the construction method of the expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system, the lattice beam 1, the touch-out type anchor rod, the self-adaptive pumping and drainage device, the fluid expansion reducing device and the interval energy controller. It is prefabricated in advance by the factory and integrated into a new type of touch anchor and assembled lattice beam. During construction, first install a plurality of touch-type anchors into the corresponding anchor holes one by one, that is, firstly, the anchor body 3 needs to be sent into the anchor hole 29, and cement mortar is injected after being pulled outward. After a plurality of touch anchors are installed, other devices such as the prefabricated assembled lattice beam 1 and the fluid expansion reducing device 3 can be installed on the slope surface. The construction method specifically includes the following steps:

S1, leveling the slope surface, removing debris, and building drainage ditches 32 and intercepting ditches 33 at the top and foot of the slope;

S2. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, the height of each level of slope shall not exceed 5000mm, and the slope shall not exceed 45%;

S3, determine the position of each bolt hole 29, drill on the side slope; Before or at the same time as any step in steps S1-S3, make a touch type bolt, lattice beam, fluid expansion device and self-expansion device in the factory Adapt to the structure of pumping and drainage devices, and install the self-adaptive pumping and draining device to the upper part of the anchor body of the touch-type anchor in advance; check whether the sensor is in good condition, whether the data is normal, the interval energy controller, pump, fluid expansion piston, etc. Whether the equipment can operate normally;

S4. First insert the touch-and-spread anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) is in contact with the bottom of the anchor hole, and then pull the anchor body outward to fully expand the grouting pipe 5, and then put the cement The mortar is pressurized and injected into the gap between the anchor body 3 and the wall of the anchor hole 29;

S5. After the grouting is completed, install the prefabricated lattice beam 1, nozzle 9, piston cylinder 12 and piston head 13 on the slope surface, and place the water outlet of the drain pipe 10 on the top of the lattice beam 1 to facilitate drainage. in the tank;

S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, turn on the power, check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally;

S7. Plant the vegetation 2 in the grid frame 1.1, and finally complete the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

The construction method of the present invention actively realizes the self-adaptive adjustment function of water drainage and expansion reduction in rainy seasons and water conservation and reinforcement in dry seasons by setting up a comprehensive treatment system on the slope, and realizes the purpose of troubleshooting and repairing structures by checking the feedback data of monitoring sensors.

The comprehensive treatment system and construction method of the present invention achieve the effect of organically integrating structures such as water collection, water storage, drainage, irrigation, expansion reduction, reinforcement, grouting, and anchoring of expansive soil slopes, which greatly simplifies The construction steps effectively save the manpower, material and financial resources required for treating expansive soil slopes.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and swelling reduction, characterized in that it includes lattice beams (1), touch-and-spread anchors, self-adaptive pumping and drainage devices, fluid swelling reduction devices and interval energy controllers ; the lattice beam is arranged on the slope surface, and the lattice sash (1.1) of the lattice beam is provided with vegetation (2); At the intersection of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam; the touch-out type anchor rod includes an anchor rod body (3), a linkage rod (4) and a plurality of grouting pipes (5), and the anchor rod body is anchored to Formed in the anchor hole (29) of the slope, the top of the anchor body runs through the lattice beam, and the inner cavity of the anchor body is divided into expansion-reducing areas (3.1 ), a water filtration area (3.2), a water accumulation area (3.3) and an anchoring area (3.4), the linkage rod can be axially moved in the anchoring area, and a plurality of the grouting pipes are respectively connected to the The linkage rod is rotatably connected, and can be opened around when the linkage rod moves upward; each anchor rod body corresponds to an adaptive pumping and drainage device and a fluid expansion reducing device, and the self-adaptive pumping The drainage device includes a pump (7), a water pump (8), a nozzle (9) and a drainage pipe (11), the water pump is arranged in the water accumulation area, and the nozzle is arranged in the lattice sash Inside, the water outlet of the drainage pipe is placed in the drainage groove of the lattice beam, and the water pump, the spray head and the drainage pipe are respectively connected to the pump; the fluid expansion reducing device includes a piston Cylinder (12) and piston head (13), described piston head is fixed on the top of described anchor rod body, and described piston cylinder is socketed on the outer wall of described anchor rod body, and described piston cylinder is connected with described piston respectively The head and the anchor rod body can be slidably and sealedly connected; the interval energy controllers are configured in multiples, respectively controlling the operating states of the self-adaptive pumping and drainage devices and the fluid expansion reducing devices in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system. 2. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the interval energy controller includes a regulator (30) and pore water equal to the number of touch-and-spread bolts in the area controlled by the interval energy controller. Pressure sensor (6), soil humidity sensor (10), fluid pressure sensor (14) and displacement sensor (15), each pore water pressure sensor (6) is respectively arranged in the corresponding water accumulation area (3.3), each soil humidity The sensors (10) are respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding stretch-type anchor rods, and the fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors are arranged in the corresponding piston cylinders (12). 3. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, the pumping head and the pore water pressure sensor are all located at the bottom of the water accumulation area, and the pore water pressure sensor monitors the water accumulation (24) The water level changes, and the monitored data is transmitted to the controller (30), and the controller calculates the height of the accumulated water level from the pumping head according to the received data. 4. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the linkage rod is arranged on the central axis of the anchoring area through a plurality of bracket tubes (31), and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed in the The anchor body; a plurality of grouting pipes are spirally arranged on the side wall of the water accumulation area (3.3) of the anchor body along the circumferential direction, and the bottom ends of the plurality of grouting pipes are linked with the The rods are connected by rotation, and when the bottom end of the linkage rod contacts the bottom of the anchor hole (29), the retraction of the linkage rod drives the tops of the plurality of grouting pipes to expand outward and penetrate into the anchor hole (29). surrounding soil. 5. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, an enlarged head (25) is provided at the end of the linkage rod exposed from the anchor rod body; a countersunk head is provided at the top of the grouting pipe A groove, the countersunk groove is provided with a T-shaped piston (26) for preventing the expansive soil from entering the grouting pipe. 6. comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described divider comprises the first divider (18), the second divider (19) and the 3rd divider (20) that are arranged in sequence, so The first partition and the third partition are provided with first through holes for pipelines to pass through, and the second partition is provided with several second through holes for water penetration. 7. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the water filtration area is divided into side chambers (3a) on both sides by a compartment sheet (21) and a side chamber between two said side chambers. The middle chamber (3b), the side chamber and the middle chamber all extend along the axial direction of the anchor body; the anchor body is provided with a number of water filter holes corresponding to each of the side chambers ( 22), each of the side chambers is provided with a filter sponge (23). 8. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fluid deswelling device further comprises a base (17) arranged at the intersection of unit beams of the lattice beams, the base and the The lattice beams are set in one piece. 9. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, a first sealing ring (27) is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder The connection is provided with a second sealing ring (28). 10. A construction method of the comprehensive treatment system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, leveling the slope surface, removing debris, and building drains (32) and intercepting ditches (33) at the top and foot of the slope; S2. Carry out graded excavation on the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, the height of each level of slope shall not exceed 5000mm, and the slope shall not exceed 45%; S3, determine the position of each bolt hole (29), and drill holes on the side slope; S4. First insert the touch-and-spread anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) is against the bottom of the anchor hole (29), and then pull the anchor body outward to make the grouting pipe (5) completely Expand, and then pressurize cement mortar into the gap between the anchor body (3) and the wall of the anchor hole (29); S5. After the grouting is completed, install the prefabricated lattice beam (1), nozzle (9), piston cylinder (12) and piston head (13) on the slope surface, and place the outlet of the drain pipe (10) In the sunken groove that is good for drainage at the top of the lattice beam (1); S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, turn on the power, check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally; S7. Planting vegetation (2) in the lattice grid (1.1), and finally completing the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

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