CN116274818A - Partial forming die and forming process of die forging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a partial forming process of a die forging. By dividing the forging into several forming areas and forming them sequentially, the heated blank is placed in the middle area of the installed forging die and first forged to form, so as to ensure that the local forming effect of the blank is stable, and the mold After replacing and installing part of the forging die components in the return trip, the billet is re-forged twice, so that the billet is gradually formed from the middle to the outside, until the entire forging is formed, ensuring the stability of the local forming of the forging, and ensuring that the billet can be used in smaller tonnages. Large-scale die forgings with sufficient deformation, excellent microstructure and good batch stability are formed by a small number of fires on ordinary die forging equipment, ensuring simple local forming process, low operation difficulty, easy to realize, and low requirements for staff.

Description

Partial forming die and forming process of die forging

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of die forging technology, and in particular relates to a partial forming die for a die forging and a forming process.

Background technique

In the context of lightweight equipment and heavy loads, many key components are designed as an integral part, resulting in larger and larger dimensions, smaller thicknesses and more complex structures of such parts. The working environment of such parts is harsh and the fatigue life index is high, which requires the streamline of the parts to be kept intact. The blanks of such parts are mostly made of high-strength materials by die forging.

There are following problems in prior art:

1. When using die forging equipment with a large enough tonnage to manufacture forgings, the equipment investment is large and the cost of forgings is high; and the mold works under extremely high pressure, which makes it prone to defects such as wear and die collapse, and has a low service life;

2. When the die forging equipment with a forming force of 50-80% is used to manufacture forgings, the deformation of the forgings will become smaller and smaller with the increase of firing times and the batches will be uneven. The quality consistency of forging batches is poor and the probability of scrap is high; In the final stage of forming, the molds work under the ultimate pressure of the equipment, and the life of the molds is relatively low;

3. If special local die forging forming equipment is used for partial forming of forgings, the technology of special local die forging forming equipment is not yet mature, the investment is huge, the maintenance cost is high, and the cost of forgings is extremely high; Personnel requirements are high.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. The invention provides a partial forming die for die forgings, which has the characteristics of good forming effect of die forgings, excellent structure performance and low production cost.

The invention also provides a local forming process of the die forging.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a partial forming mold for die forgings, including a lower die sleeve, nitrogen springs are arranged symmetrically inside the lower die sleeve, and a lower mold core is arranged on the upper end of the nitrogen spring. The upper end of the core is provided with the upper mold of the first forming area, the bottom end of the upper mold of the first forming area is provided with a left insert one, and the other side of the bottom end of the upper mold of the first forming area is provided with a right insert one, and the first forming area upper mold is provided with a right insert one. One side of the upper mold in the first forming zone is provided with a left upper mold mounting plate, and the bottom end of the left upper mold mounting plate is provided with a left upper mold in the second forming zone, and a left bolt is arranged between the left upper mold and the left upper mold mounting plate in the second forming zone. The inside of the die mounting plate is provided with a left positioning pin, the other side of the upper die in the first forming area is provided with a right upper die mounting plate, the bottom end of the right upper die mounting plate is provided with a second forming area right upper die, and the second forming area right upper die A right bolt is arranged between the right upper die mounting plate and a right positioning pin is arranged inside the right upper die mounting plate.

Further in the present invention: the bottom end of the upper mold in the first forming area can also be provided with a left insert 2, and the other side of the bottom of the upper mold in the first forming area can be provided with a right insert 2.

Further in the present invention: a left backing plate may be provided between the left upper mold and the mounting plate of the left upper mold in the second forming zone, and a right backing plate may be provided between the right upper mold and the right upper mold mounting plate in the second forming zone.

Further in the present invention; the upper mold in the first forming area includes an upper mold body in the first forming area, a dovetail groove and an upper mold cavity, wherein an upper mold cavity is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the upper mold body in the first forming area, Dovetail grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the upper mold body in the first forming zone.

Further in the present invention: the left insert includes a dovetail block, an insert body, an insert process bevel and an insert cavity, wherein the top of the insert body is provided with a dovetail block, and the bottom end of the insert body— The side is provided with an insert craft slope, and the other side of the bottom end of the insert body is provided with an insert cavity, and the structure of the left insert one is the same as that of the right insert one.

Further in the present invention: the preliminary processing forging includes the second forming area of the blank, the first forming area of the forging and the process slope of the forging, wherein the second forming area of the blank is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first forming area of the forging, A forging process slope is set between the second forming area of the blank and the first forming area of the forging.

Further in the present invention: the bottom ends of the second left insert and the second right insert are all set as insert cavities.

A local forming process for die forgings, comprising the following steps:

① Slide and install the left insert 1 and the right insert 1 respectively along the dovetail groove inside the upper mold of the first forming area, so that the partial forming mold is assembled in the first state, and then the partial forming mold is preheated to the temperature required by the process, and then The forging billet heated according to the process requirements is taken out of the furnace and covered with high-temperature heat-resistant insulation material, and then placed on the upper end of the lower mold core;

②Closing in the first state of the local forming die to squeeze the forging blank until the lower mold core and the lower mold sleeve fit together. The middle part of the forging blank makes it partially formed into the first forming area of the forging. At the same time, since the upper left die of the second forming area and the upper right die of the second forming area are in a free sliding state, when they contact the forging blank, they are resisted and move upward along the positioning pin, and It fits with the bottom ends of the left upper die mounting plate and the right upper die mounting plate, so the forging blank is only deformed in the first forming zone, and at this time the forging blank is a preliminary processed forging after preliminary processing;

③ Partial forming mold parting does not process the initial forging, then removes the left insert 1 and the right insert 1 and installs the left insert 2 and the right insert 2 respectively at the corresponding positions, and inserts the left backing plate at the same time The second forming zone is fixed between the left upper mold and the left upper mold mounting plate, and the right backing plate is inserted between the right upper mold and the right upper mold mounting plate of the second forming zone and fixed, and the mold assembly is in the second state at this time;

④Closing the mold in the second state of the partial forming mold to form the preliminary forging. When the die sets are fitted together, the first forming zone of the forging and the upper die in the first forming zone are no longer deformed, while the second forming zone of the billet is deformed under pressure. The right insert is deformed by the second extrusion, and the formed forging can be obtained after parting the mold;

⑤ When more than two forming areas are required for the forging, except for the upper die in the outermost forming area without inserts, the upper dies in the other forming areas have two types of inserts, one with a process bevel and one without, and the blank is formed with a band Forgings in the first forming area and the second forming area, and the second forming area and the outer blank form a process slope, and then repeat steps ①～④ until a complete forging is formed.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The invention divides the forging and the mold into several forming areas, places the heated blank in the middle area of the installed forging mold to form first, and replaces part of the forging mold components after the return stroke of the mold, and gradually forms from the middle to the outside until the entire forging is formed , can form large-scale die forgings with sufficient deformation, excellent microstructure and good batch stability in a small number of fires on ordinary die forging equipment with a small tonnage. The use cost of the equipment is low, the work efficiency is high, and the service life of the die is long. High strength and not easy to damage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first state of the partial forming die of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of mold clamping in the first state of the partial forming mold of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of forging structure after initial processing of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the forging structure after preliminary processing of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second state of the partial forming mold of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of parting in the second state of the partial forming mold of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of mold clamping in the second state of the partial forming mold of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a formed forging of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the upper mold in the first forming area of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a bottom view of the upper mold structure in the first forming area of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the left insert of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a bottom view of a structure of the left insert of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, the upper mold of the first forming zone; 110, the body of the upper mold of the first forming zone; 120, the dovetail groove; 130, the upper mold cavity; 2, the left upper mold of the second forming zone; 3, the right upper mold of the second forming zone ;4, left upper mold mounting plate; 5, right upper mold mounting plate; 6, left bolt; 7, right bolt; 8, left positioning pin; 9, right positioning pin; 10, left insert one; 1. Insert body; 103. Inclined surface of insert process; 104. Insert cavity; 11. Right insert one; 12. Left insert two; 13. Right insert two; 14. Lower mold cover; 15. Lower mold Core; 16, nitrogen spring; 17, left backing plate; 18, right backing plate; 19, primary processing forging; 191, second forming area of blank material; 192, first forming area of forging;

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1-12, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a partial forming mold for die forgings, including a lower die cover 14, a nitrogen spring 16 is symmetrically arranged inside the lower die cover 14, and a lower die is arranged on the upper end of the nitrogen gas spring 16 Core 15, the upper end of lower mold core 15 is provided with the first molding area upper mold 1, the bottom end side of the first molding area upper mold 1 is provided with a left insert 10, the bottom end of the first molding area upper mold 1 is other One side is provided with a right insert 11, one side of the upper die 1 in the first forming area is provided with a left upper die mounting plate 4, and the bottom end of the left upper die mounting plate 4 is provided with a second forming area left upper die 2, and the second forming area A left bolt 6 is arranged between the left upper mold 2 and the left upper mold mounting plate 4, a left positioning pin 8 is arranged inside the left upper mold mounting plate 4, and a right upper mold mounting plate 5 is arranged on the other side of the upper mold 1 in the first forming area. The bottom end of the upper right mold mounting plate 5 is provided with a second forming zone upper right mold 3, a right bolt 7 is arranged between the right upper mold 3 and the right upper mold mounting plate 5 in the second forming zone, and the inside of the right upper mold mounting plate 5 is provided with a right positioning pin 9.

Specifically, a left insert 2 12 may also be provided on one side of the bottom end of the upper mold 1 in the first forming area, and a right insert 2 13 may be provided on the other side of the bottom end of the upper mold 1 in the first forming area.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the quality of the secondary forming of the forging is improved, the processing effect is guaranteed, and the qualified rate of the product is improved.

Specifically, a left backing plate 17 may be provided between the left upper mold 2 and the left upper mold mounting plate 4 in the second forming area, and a right backing plate 18 may be provided between the right upper mold 3 and the right upper mold mounting plate 5 in the second forming area.

By adopting the above technical solution, it is ensured that the upper left die 2 in the second forming area and the upper right die 3 in the second forming area are installed stably and firmly, and the stability of forging forming is improved.

Specifically, the upper mold 1 in the first forming area includes an upper mold body 110 in the first forming area, a dovetail groove 120 and an upper mold cavity 130, wherein an upper mold cavity 130 is provided in the middle of the bottom end of the upper mold body 110 in the first forming area, Dovetail grooves 120 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the upper mold body 110 in the first forming zone.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, it is guaranteed that the left insert one 10, the right insert one 11, the left insert two 12 and the right insert two 13 are installed and completed, and the forming effect of the initial processing of the forging is ensured.

Specifically, the left insert one 10 includes a dovetail block 101, an insert body 102, an insert process bevel 103 and an insert cavity 104, wherein the top of the insert body 102 is provided with a dovetail block 101, and the bottom of the insert body 102 One side of the end is provided with an insert process slope 103, and the other side of the bottom end of the insert body 102 is provided with an insert cavity 104. The structure of the left insert 10 is the same as that of the right insert 11.

By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the over-smoothness of the primary processing forging 19 is ensured, and the quality of the secondary processing is improved.

Specifically, the pre-processed forging 19 includes a second blank forming area 191, a first forging forming area 192, and a forging process slope 193, wherein the two sides of the forging first forming area 192 are symmetrically provided with a blank second forming area 191, A forging process slope 193 is provided between the second blank forming area 191 and the forging first forming area 192 .

By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the forging blank can be conveniently processed in partitions, and the local forming quality can be improved.

Specifically, the bottom ends of the second left insert 12 and the second right insert 13 are all set as insert cavity 104 .

By adopting the above technical solution, the forming effect of the secondary processing of the primary processing forging 19 is improved.

The working principle and application process of the present invention: when the present invention partially forms the forging, the left insert 10 and the right insert 11 are respectively slid and installed along the dovetail groove 120 inside the upper die 1 in the first forming area, so that the partial forming The mold is assembled in the first state, and then the partial forming mold is preheated to the temperature required by the process, and then the forging billet heated according to the process requirements is released from the furnace and coated with a high-temperature heat-resistant insulation material, and then placed on the upper end of the lower core 15;

The first state of the local forming mold is to close the mold to squeeze the forging blank until the lower mold core 15 and the lower mold sleeve 14 are attached. During the mold closing process, the upper mold 1, the left insert 10 and the right insert 1 in the first forming area 11 Closely attached to the middle part of the forging blank to partially form it into the first forming area 192 of the forging. At the same time, since the upper left die 2 of the second forming area and the upper right die 3 of the second forming area are in a free sliding state, they are resisted when contacting the forging blank Move upward along the positioning pin, and fit with the bottom ends of the left upper die mounting plate 4 and the right upper die mounting plate 5, so the forging blank is only deformed in the first forming area, and at this time the forging blank is the primary processing forging 19 after preliminary processing ;

Partial forming mold parting no longer processes the initial processing forging 19, then removes the left insert 10 and the right insert 11 and installs the left insert 2 and the right insert 13 respectively in the corresponding positions, and at the same time The left backing plate 17 is inserted and fixed between the left upper mold 2 and the left upper mold mounting plate 4 in the second forming area, and the right backing plate 18 is inserted and fixed between the right upper mold 3 and the right upper mold mounting plate 5 in the second forming area. assembled into the second state;

Partial forming dies are closed in the second state to form the pre-processed forging 19. The bottom ends of the upper left die 2 in the second forming area and the upper right die 3 in the second forming area abut against the upper end of the second forming area 191 of the billet, and the lower die When the core 15 is attached to the lower mold cover 14, the first forming area 192 of the forging and the inner part of the upper mold 1 in the first forming area are no longer deformed, while the second forming area 191 of the billet is deformed under pressure, and the forging The process slope 193 is deformed by the extrusion of the left insert 2 12 and the right insert 2 13, and the formed forging can be obtained after the mold is divided;

When more than two forming zones are required for the forging, except for the outermost forming zone upper die without inserts, the other forming zone upper dies have two kinds of inserts, one with a process bevel and one without, and the blank is formed with the second Forgings in the first forming area and the second forming area, and the second forming area and the outer blank form a technological slope, and then repeat steps ②～④ until a complete forging is formed.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A partial forming die for die forgings, comprising a lower die sleeve, characterized in that: nitrogen springs are arranged symmetrically inside the lower die sleeve, the upper end of the nitrogen gas spring is provided with a lower mold core, and the upper end of the lower mold core is provided with a second mold core. A molding area upper mold, the bottom end side of the upper mold of the first forming area is provided with a left insert one, the other side of the bottom end of the upper mold of the first forming area is provided with a right insert one, the upper mold of the first forming area One side is provided with a left upper die mounting plate, the bottom of the left upper die mounting plate is provided with a left upper die in the second forming area, a left bolt is arranged between the left upper die and the left upper die mounting plate in the second forming area, and the interior of the left upper die mounting plate is set There is a left positioning pin, and the other side of the upper mold in the first forming area is provided with a right upper mold mounting plate, and the bottom end of the right upper mold mounting plate is provided with a right upper mold in the second forming area, and the right upper mold in the second forming area and the right upper mold mounting plate A right bolt is arranged between them, and a right positioning pin is arranged inside the mounting plate of the right upper mold. 2. A partial forming die for die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom side of the upper die in the first forming area can also be provided with a left insert two, and the upper die in the first forming area The other side of the bottom end can be provided with a right insert two. 3. A mold for partial forming of die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: a left backing plate can be arranged between the left upper die in the second forming area and the mounting plate of the left upper die, and the right upper die in the second forming area and the mounting plate of the left upper die A right backing plate may be arranged between the right upper mold mounting plates. 4. A partial forming die for die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper die in the first forming area includes an upper die body in the first forming area, a dovetail groove and an upper die cavity, wherein the first forming area An upper mold cavity is arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the upper mold body in the first forming area, and dovetail grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the upper mold body in the first forming area. 5. A mold for partial forming of die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: said left insert one includes a dovetail block, an insert body, an insert process bevel and an insert cavity, wherein the insert body The top of the insert body is provided with a dovetail block, one side of the bottom end of the insert body is provided with an insert process slope, and the other side of the bottom end of the insert body is provided with an insert cavity, the structure of the left insert one is the same as that of the right insert one The structure is the same. 6. A partial forming die for die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preliminary forgings include the second forming area of the blank, the first forming area of the forging and the process slope of the forging, wherein the first forming of the forging The two sides of the area are symmetrically provided with a second blank forming area, and a forging process slope is arranged between the second blank forming area and the first forging forming area. 7. A mold for partial forming of die forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom ends of the second left insert and the second right insert are all set as insert cavities. 8. A forming process based on a partial forming die for die forgings according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: ① Slide and install the left insert 1 and the right insert 1 respectively along the dovetail groove inside the upper mold of the first forming area, so that the partial forming mold is assembled in the first state, and then the partial forming mold is preheated to the temperature required by the process, and then The forging billet heated according to the process requirements is taken out of the furnace and covered with high-temperature heat-resistant insulation material, and then placed on the upper end of the lower mold core; ②Closing in the first state of the local forming die to squeeze the forging blank until the lower mold core and the lower mold sleeve fit together. The middle part of the forging blank makes it partially formed into the first forming area of the forging. At the same time, since the upper left die of the second forming area and the upper right die of the second forming area are in a free sliding state, when they contact the forging blank, they are resisted and move upward along the positioning pin, and It fits with the bottom ends of the left upper die mounting plate and the right upper die mounting plate, so the forging blank is only deformed in the first forming zone, and at this time the forging blank is a preliminary processed forging after preliminary processing; ③ Partial forming mold parting does not process the initial forging, then removes the left insert 1 and the right insert 1 and installs the left insert 2 and the right insert 2 respectively at the corresponding positions, and inserts the left backing plate at the same time The second forming zone is fixed between the left upper mold and the left upper mold mounting plate, and the right backing plate is inserted between the right upper mold and the right upper mold mounting plate of the second forming zone and fixed, and the mold assembly is in the second state at this time; ④Closing the mold in the second state of the partial forming mold to form the preliminary forging. When the die sets are fitted together, the first forming zone of the forging and the upper die in the first forming zone are no longer deformed, while the second forming zone of the billet is deformed under pressure. The right insert is deformed by the second extrusion, and the formed forging can be obtained after parting the mold; ⑤ When more than two forming areas are required for the forging, except for the upper die in the outermost forming area without inserts, the upper dies in the other forming areas have two types of inserts, one with a process bevel and one without, and the blank is formed with a band Forgings in the first forming area and the second forming area, and the second forming area and the outer blank form a process slope, and then repeat steps ②～④ until a complete forging is formed.

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