CN116256806B - A central azimuth array lateral instrument and eccentricity compensation method - Google Patents
A central azimuth array lateral instrument and eccentricity compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种居中型方位阵列侧向仪器及偏心补偿方法，以阵列侧向仪器为基础，将方位主电极圆周划分为多个方位电极，增加方位侧向功能，采用电阻率计算不同方位井眼偏心电阻率，获取所有方位井眼偏心电阻率信息，居中型方位阵列侧向仪器对井眼偏心信息预处理后实时输出，作为测井曲线矫正和补偿依据。另外，井眼偏心补偿电路与方位阵列侧向仪器的电路相互独立，实现井眼偏心补偿电路独立工作；合理设计井眼补偿电路，实现仪器测井状态、刻度状态不受井眼偏心电路影响，且能够和仪器总体测井状态保持一致，实现井眼偏心状态采集，方位阵列侧向仪器的电路和井眼偏心补偿电路输出偏心状态，为偏心补偿提供依据。
The present invention discloses a centered azimuth array lateral instrument and an eccentricity compensation method. Based on the array lateral instrument, the circumference of the azimuth main electrode is divided into a plurality of azimuth electrodes, the azimuth lateral function is added, and the resistivity is used to calculate the wellbore eccentricity resistivity in different azimuths, and the wellbore eccentricity resistivity information in all azimuths is obtained. The centered azimuth array lateral instrument pre-processes the wellbore eccentricity information and outputs it in real time as a basis for logging curve correction and compensation. In addition, the wellbore eccentricity compensation circuit is independent of the circuit of the azimuth array lateral instrument, so that the wellbore eccentricity compensation circuit works independently; the wellbore compensation circuit is reasonably designed to realize that the logging state and scale state of the instrument are not affected by the wellbore eccentricity circuit, and can be consistent with the overall logging state of the instrument, so as to realize the acquisition of the wellbore eccentricity state, and the circuit of the azimuth array lateral instrument and the wellbore eccentricity compensation circuit output the eccentricity state, which provides a basis for eccentricity compensation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a centering azimuth array lateral instrument and an eccentric compensation method.
Background
Azimuth array laterally contains three meanings of azimuth, array and lateral, azimuth is expressed as circumferential information, array is expressed as different series of probe depth electrode arrangements, and lateral is expressed as focused lateral instrument. Azimuth-lateral ARI and HALS instruments were developed in the s.20 century in the 90 s on a two-sided basis, respectively, with azimuth electrode arrangements using hardware focusing and software focusing on the two-sided A2 and A0 electrodes, respectively. Array azimuth lateral instrument method and theoretical research are carried out in 2017 China petroleum university (Huadong), double-lateral, array lateral, azimuth lateral and azimuth array lateral instruments are sequentially developed in middle oil logging, well wall-attached azimuth array lateral instruments have been developed, azimuth array measurement is carried out by attaching polar plates to well walls by adopting a sidewall contact device, and the circumferential resolution of the center azimuth array lateral is higher and is not influenced by leakage current of the sidewall contact device, so that the center azimuth array lateral is another important research development direction.
The centering azimuth array is required to be centered when in lateral logging, when the instrument is eccentric, the logging effect is easily affected by eccentricity due to low mud resistivity, borehole eccentricity compensation is required, borehole eccentricity compensation methods need to collect borehole eccentricity resistivity information in different azimuth, the borehole eccentricity compensation methods are converted into eccentric states of the instrument in the borehole, instrument borehole eccentricity compensation basis is provided for logging interpretation, and related methods of borehole eccentricity compensation do not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a centering azimuth array lateral instrument and an eccentricity compensation method, which realize the eccentricity state of each azimuth electrode in a borehole, and the eccentricity state is output in real time and is used for compensating an azimuth array lateral resistivity curve.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a centering type azimuth array side instrument, including array side electrode system structure and eccentric compensation circuit, array side electrode system structure includes the main electrode, and the multiunit homonymous shielding electrode and the multiunit homonymous supervision electrode that are symmetrical in main electrode setting, the main electrode includes azimuth main electrode and azimuth supervision electrode, divide into many azimuth electrodes with azimuth main electrode circumference, eccentric compensation circuit is connected with azimuth main electrode, eccentric compensation circuit is used for obtaining the eccentric state of the well of centering type azimuth array side instrument, the well is used for compensating azimuth array side resistivity curve with the eccentric state of eye and carries out eccentric compensation.
Preferably, the number of the same-name shielding electrodes is 5 groups, the number of the same-name monitoring electrodes is 6 groups, and the 6 groups of same-name monitoring electrodes are arranged on two sides of 3 pairs of same-name shielding electrodes close to the main electrode.
Preferably, a return electrode is arranged outside the shielding electrode with the same name at the most distal end at one side of the azimuth main electrode A0 i.
Preferably, the eccentric compensation circuit comprises a control unit, a signal acquisition module ADC, a signal generation module, a frequency selection filter network, a multipath switching/self-calibration module, an I/V circuit, a relay switching module and an azimuth main monitoring circuit;
the output end of the control unit is connected with the multi-path switching/self-calibration module and the signal generation module, the output end of the signal generation module is connected with the I/V circuit, the I/V circuit is connected with the main monitoring circuit through the relay switching module, meanwhile, the I/V circuit is connected with the multi-path switching/self-calibration module through the voltage division network, the output end of the multi-path switching/self-calibration module is connected with the frequency selection filter network, the output end of the frequency selection filter network is connected with the input end of the ADC acquisition module, and the ADC acquisition module interacts with the control unit;
The azimuth main monitoring circuit comprises an instrument operational amplifier input end and a borehole compensation signal input end Vsi, wherein the borehole compensation signal input end Vsi is connected with an azimuth current output end A0I of an azimuth main electrode through a filtering and amplifying module and a V/I circuit in sequence, and the output end of the borehole compensation signal is connected with a multipath switching/self-scaling module.
Preferably, the control unit comprises a digital signal processing DSP and an FPGA module connected with the digital signal processing DSP, and the digital signal processing is connected with the CAN bus.
Preferably, the signal generating module is a signal generator DDS or an oscillating circuit.
Preferably, the signal acquisition module ADC adopts single-channel ADC for multipath analog switching acquisition or multipath ADC for parallel acquisition.
A method for compensating the eccentricity of the side instrument of central azimuth array includes such steps as locating the side instrument of central azimuth array in logging position, compensating sine signals to borehole, collecting the eccentrical signals of each azimuth, extracting amplitude, obtaining the comprehensive borehole resistivity, determining the borehole eccentricity state of the side instrument of central azimuth array, and compensating the lateral resistivity curve of azimuth array by using the borehole eccentricity state.
Preferably, the method for calculating the comprehensive borehole resistivity comprises the following steps:
Rn=ρn*Ln/Sn
Wherein ρn is the resistivity coefficient in the azimuth, ln is the height in the instrument vertical direction, sn corresponds to the sectional area of the mud in the borehole, rn is larger the more close the azimuth electrode to the borehole wall, rn is smaller the more deviated the azimuth electrode from the borehole wall, and if the values of the azimuth Rn are equal, the complete centering is indicated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The invention provides a centering azimuth array lateral instrument and an eccentricity compensation method, which are characterized in that the circumference of an azimuth main electrode is divided into a plurality of azimuth electrodes based on the array lateral instrument, azimuth lateral functions are increased, the eccentric resistivity of wellholes in different azimuth is calculated by adopting resistivity, the eccentric resistivity information of wellholes in all azimuth is obtained, and the centering azimuth array lateral instrument outputs the wellbore eccentric information in real time after preprocessing and is used as the correction and compensation basis of a logging curve. In addition, the borehole eccentric compensation circuit and the circuit of the azimuth array lateral instrument are mutually independent, an independent signal generating circuit, a self-calibration circuit, an acquisition circuit and a communication circuit are adopted to realize independent work of the borehole eccentric compensation circuit, the borehole compensation circuit is reasonably designed to realize that the logging state and the calibration state of the instrument are not influenced by the borehole eccentric circuit, the borehole eccentric state can be kept consistent with the overall logging state of the instrument, acquisition of the borehole eccentric state is realized, and the circuit of the azimuth array lateral instrument and the borehole eccentric compensation circuit output the eccentric state, so that basis is provided for eccentric compensation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrode system of a side instrument of a central azimuth array of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of azimuthal lateral borehole eccentricity of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wellbore compensation mode of operation of the azimuth array lateral instrument of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a borehole compensation circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wellbore compensation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a borehole compensated relay switching circuit in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate but do not limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, a centered azimuth array lateral instrument comprises an array lateral electrode system structure and an eccentric compensation circuit, wherein the array lateral electrode system structure comprises a main electrode, 5 groups of homonymous shielding electrodes and 6 groups of homonymous monitoring electrodes, the 5 groups of homonymous shielding electrodes and the 6 groups of homonymous monitoring electrodes are symmetrically arranged on the main electrode, the 6 groups of homonymous monitoring electrodes are arranged on two sides of 3 pairs of homonymous shielding electrodes close to the main electrode, the main electrode comprises an azimuth main electrode A0i and an azimuth monitoring electrode M0i, a loop electrode is arranged on the outer side of the homonymous shielding electrode at the most distal end of one side of the azimuth main electrode A0i, the eccentric compensation circuit is connected with the azimuth main electrode A0, the circumference of the azimuth main electrode A0 is divided into 12 parts to form azimuth electrodes for measuring 12 azimuth resistivity, the 12 azimuth resistivity is obtained according to the azimuth resistivity compensation information, the amplitude extraction is carried out on the 12 azimuth borehole compensation information, the borehole eccentric state of the centered azimuth array lateral instrument is judged, the borehole eccentric state of the centered azimuth array lateral instrument is compensated according to the eccentric state, and the borehole eccentric compensation basis is provided for interpretation.
For the center type azimuth array lateral borehole eccentricity compensation, azimuth information is combined on the basis of an array lateral electrode system structure, an azimuth main electrode A0 is divided into 12 parts to form azimuth electrodes for measuring circumferential resistivity, the center type azimuth electrodes are not provided with a sidewall contact device, all the azimuth electrodes cannot be measured against a borehole wall, when the mud resistivity is smaller than the stratum resistivity, the instrument eccentricity state can influence the radial detection and circumferential detection of the instrument, the eccentricity compensation is to calculate the eccentricity condition of the instrument according to the state of each azimuth electrode of a measuring instrument, and then compensate an azimuth resistivity curve according to the eccentricity condition.
Referring again to fig. 1, A2, A3, A4, A5 are the same name shielding electrodes as A1', A2', A3', A4', A5', respectively, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 are the same name supervising electrodes as M1', M2', M3', M4', M5', M6', A0i (i=1, the.+ -. 12), M0i (i=1, the.+ -. 12) are the azimuth main electrode and the azimuth supervising electrode, and B is the return electrode.
As shown in fig. 2, the azimuth main electrode A0 is divided into 12 parts to form azimuth electrodes for measuring the circumferential resistivity, and the measurement method is as follows:
Rn=ρn*Ln/Sn
Wherein Rn is the comprehensive borehole resistivity in the nth azimuth, is the resistivity of the comprehensive mud and the borehole after decentering, ρn is the resistivity coefficient in azimuth, ln is the height in the vertical direction of the azimuth array side instrument, sn is the sectional area of the mud in the azimuth corresponding to the azimuth, S1n is the sectional area of each azimuth in the instrument, and the corresponding sectional areas in each azimuth are the same. Under the action of the centralizer, the instrument generally does not have any azimuth electrode attached to the well wall, and the main component in the detectable range is slurry, ρn is basically consistent because the frequency of the well bore compensation signal is high and the detection depth is shallow, rn and Sn are in a proportional relation, rn size and Sn size have a proportional corresponding relation, and Rn in each azimuth can be measured to represent the well bore state of the instrument. The larger Rn indicates that the azimuth electrode is close to the well wall, the smaller Rn indicates that the azimuth electrode is deviated from the well wall, and if the azimuth Rn is equal, the azimuth electrodes are completely centered.
Referring to fig. 3, A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 are array lateral electrodes, and the left sides f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 are respectively the transmitted signal frequencies of corresponding modes, where f0 is the borehole compensation frequency, and in the implementation process, the borehole compensation signal source f0 is a unified signal source, and is switched to 12 azimuth main electrodes A0i during logging. The frequency F0 is far greater than F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 keep reasonable frequency selection within the range of 36 Hz-400 Hz of the lateral frequency of the array, and the frequency F0 is reasonable frequency selection within the range of 10 kHz-100 kHz. The mode six is a borehole compensation mode, the mode one, the mode two, the mode three, the mode four and the mode five are logging modes with different detection depths, the mode B is a loop electrode, and the arrow direction represents the main current flowing direction corresponding to the mode.
Referring to fig. 4, the eccentricity compensation circuit includes a control unit, a signal acquisition module ADC, a signal generation module, a frequency-selecting filter network, a multi-path switching/self-calibration module, an I/V circuit, a relay switching module, and an azimuth main monitoring circuit.
The output end of the control unit is connected with the multipath switching/self-calibration module and the signal generation module, the output end of the signal generation module is connected with the I/V circuit, the I/V circuit is connected with the main monitoring circuit through the relay switching module, meanwhile, the I/V circuit is connected with the multipath switching/self-calibration module through the voltage division network, the output end of the multipath switching/self-calibration module is connected with the frequency selection filter network, the output end of the frequency selection filter network is connected with the input end of the ADC acquisition module, and the ADC acquisition module interacts with the control unit.
The azimuth main monitoring circuit comprises an instrument operational amplifier input end and a borehole compensation signal input end Vsi, wherein the borehole compensation signal input end Vsi is connected with an azimuth current output end A0I of an azimuth main electrode through a filtering and amplifying module and a V/I circuit in sequence, and the output end of the borehole compensation signal is connected with a multipath switching/self-scaling module.
The control unit comprises a digital signal processing DSP and an FPGA module connected with the DSP, and forms a core module of the borehole compensation circuit, the digital signal processing is connected with a CAN bus, and the control unit is used for controlling the signal generator DDS to generate f0 signals, receiving and transmitting commands and data through the CAN bus, controlling the relay switching module to switch between a logging mode and a scale mode, controlling the ADC acquisition module and the multi-channel switching/self-scale module to acquire ADC signals, self-scale and process 16 paths of acquisition signals.
The instrument operational amplifier input ends M0I, M1 and M1', the amplifying, frequency-selecting filtering and V/I circuits form a main current signal conditioning output module, A0I is an azimuth current output end, and Vi is a current acquisition output end.
The relay switching module is used for controlling a logging mode and a scale mode of the instrument and introducing borehole compensation signals f0 into signal input ends of the 12 azimuth main monitoring circuits in the logging mode;
the DDS signal generator module is used for generating a borehole compensation f0 signal;
The multi-path switching/self-calibration module is used for switching the borehole compensation signal from calibration to calibration at high and low positions and switching 12 azimuth borehole compensation signals during logging, and the signal amplification, filtering and frequency selection network module is used for amplifying, frequency selection filtering and program control gain control of the borehole compensation signal. i is 1, &.& gt 12, representing the ith of the 12 orientations.
The signal generation module can adopt a signal generator DDS to generate signals and can also adopt an oscillating circuit to generate signals, and the signal acquisition module ADC can adopt single-channel ADC for multi-channel analog switching acquisition and can also adopt multi-channel ADC for parallel acquisition.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the eccentric compensation circuit operates as follows:
The digital signal processor DSP receives the CAN bus instruction and sends the instruction to the FPGA module, and the FPGA controls the signal generator DDS, the signal acquisition module ADC and the multi-path switching/self-calibration module, and completes the self-calibration of the height of the borehole compensation signal together with the I/V circuit and the voltage division network of the signal generator DDS. The high-low self-scale mark occupies 2 analog gating channels, and forms a 16-channel multi-channel switching module together with 2-channel level monitoring and 12-channel azimuth borehole compensation signals.
The DDS and the I/V conversion circuit generate a sinusoidal signal of 62.5kHz, two lines are led out when the sinusoidal signal is converted by the I/V conversion circuit, one line is led into the voltage division network shown in the figure 5 for generating high-scale and low-scale signals to be connected to self-scale two channels of multi-path switching; the other line is led into a relay switching circuit shown in fig. 6, the f0I signal is switched to the front end of a V/I circuit of a 12-channel front amplification board in fig. 4 during well logging, the signal is overlapped to the front end, signals are transmitted to a stratum through 12 channels of A0I electrodes after V/I conversion, the 12 channels of A0I transmission signals pass through Rni of each region and stratum regions corresponding to each region, voltage signals of three monitoring electrodes M1', M1 and M0I of the regions pass through an amplifying and filtering circuit (the low-pass cut-off frequency is higher than the DDS transmission frequency) of the front amplification board and then output Vsi signals, the Vsi signals comprise eccentric well logging signal frequencies transmitted by the DDS and normal well logging signal frequencies, a filtering and amplifying circuit (the low-pass cut-off frequency is about 1), the 12 channels of Vsi signals CAN be filtered out from 12 channels of Vsi leads to a multipath input end of a wellbore compensation board, the 12 channels of Vsi signals, high-notch signals, low-notch signals, power supply signals, a ground signal 16 are sequentially transmitted to a DSP (the DSP) through a phase-selection algorithm and a phase-sensitive network, and the amplitude of the DSP is sequentially calculated by a phase-amplitude-sensitive circuit and the DSP is transmitted to a phase-amplitude-sensitive network through an FPGA, and the phase-amplitude-frequency-selective-control circuit is calculated by the phase-amplitude-programmable gate algorithm. The eccentric compensation method obtains comprehensive borehole resistivity of each azimuth according to the amplitude, then determines the borehole eccentric state of the centering azimuth array lateral instrument according to the borehole resistivity of each azimuth, and the borehole eccentric state is used for compensating the azimuth array lateral resistivity curve by the well to realize eccentric compensation.
As shown in fig. 6, the instrument state includes a logging mode and a calibration mode, where the calibration mode refers to the calibration mode of the instrument, as opposed to the self-calibration of the borehole compensation. Because the self-calibration circuit is designed, the self-calibration of the borehole compensation signal does not need to be switched in calibration mode, and the self-calibration is still carried out in the logging state.
The invention provides a centering azimuth array lateral instrument, which is characterized in that an array lateral instrument is used as a basis, the circumference of an azimuth main electrode A0 is divided into a plurality of azimuth electrodes, azimuth lateral functions are increased, the eccentric resistivity of wellholes in different azimuth is calculated by adopting resistivity, the eccentric resistivity information of wellholes in all azimuth is obtained, and the centering azimuth array lateral instrument outputs the wellbore eccentric information in real time after preprocessing and is used as the correction and compensation basis of a logging curve.
In addition, the borehole eccentricity compensation circuit and the circuits of the azimuth array side instrument are mutually independent, and the independent signal generating circuit, the self-calibration circuit, the acquisition circuit and the communication circuit are adopted to realize independent operation of the borehole eccentricity compensation circuit, the borehole compensation circuit is reasonably designed, the logging state and the calibration state of the instrument are not influenced by the borehole eccentricity circuit, the borehole eccentricity state acquisition is realized, the circuit of the azimuth array side instrument and the borehole eccentricity compensation circuit output the eccentricity state, and the basis is provided for the eccentricity compensation.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN110454154A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A method and device for correcting the influence of borehole eccentricity on azimuth signals |
| CN111305836A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Well-wall-pasting type hard focusing azimuth array lateral instrument and method |
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| US6025722A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-02-15 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Azimuthally segmented resistivity measuring apparatus and method |
| US7109719B2 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2006-09-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for azimuthal resistivity measurements in a borehole |
| WO2008016638A2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Correction of multi-component measurements for tool eccentricity in deviated wells |
| CN201428444Y (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2010-03-24 | 山东胜利伟业石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Combined Dual Laterolog and Micro Laterolog Tools |
| CN109490972A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 山东蓝海可燃冰勘探开发研究院有限公司 | Microresistivity 3-D scanning logging instrument and logging method |
| CN213743373U (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-07-20 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | A Novel High Temperature and High Pressure Compensated Neutron Logging Tool |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110454154A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | A method and device for correcting the influence of borehole eccentricity on azimuth signals |
| CN111305836A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Well-wall-pasting type hard focusing azimuth array lateral instrument and method |
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