CN116227007A - Anti-cold analysis method and device for tunnels in cold regions and thermal insulation system for tunnels in cold regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold-proof tunnel analysis method and device in cold regions, and a tunnel thermal insulation system in cold regions, and relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering. The method includes: determining the mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of custom-made air curtain machines; The mechanical structure parameters of the curtain machine are matched with the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; the total length of the hot water pipe laying is determined by using the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold region; the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold region is reflected in the tunnel interior under the joint influence of the air curtain and the train wind Temperature distribution; divide the total length of hot water pipeline laying into multiple hot water pipeline units along the direction of the tunnel; determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor, wind speed and direction sensor and boiler installation parameters of each hot water pipeline unit; determine the intelligent Control the installation parameters of the server; finally output the implementation configuration parameters of the tunnel cold protection. The invention can reduce the potential safety hazards of cold-proof measures for tunnels in cold regions, reduce the implementation cost of cold-proof measures, and improve the cold-proof effect.

Description

Anti-cold analysis method and device for tunnels in cold regions and thermal insulation system for tunnels in cold regions

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering, in particular to a cold-proof analysis method and device for tunnels in cold regions and a thermal insulation system for tunnels in cold regions.

Background technique

This section is intended to provide a background or context to embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The descriptions herein are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

At present, the number of railway tunnels built and operated in cold regions is increasing day by day, but the geographical environment in cold regions is harsh, and the temperature in winter is particularly low, causing a large number of frost damage problems in tunnels in cold regions.

There are many cold protection measures in the existing technology, such as strengthening the structure of the entrance, setting up air curtains, setting up deep-buried drainage facilities, adding circulating hot water pipes and other means, but the response to the natural environment is generally passive and can only reduce the heat The propagation and freezing-thawing speed are not obvious, and the effect of cold protection and heat preservation is not obvious. There are still problems such as hanging ice, icing, cracking, and falling blocks caused by freezing damage in tunnels in cold regions, which endanger the safety of trains. At present, cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions are implemented It costs more. First, in the prior art, an air curtain machine is generally installed at the tunnel entrance to block the cold air from intruding into the tunnel, and the installation of the air curtain machine generally destroys the existing structure of the tunnel entrance, which may cause safety hazards; , If the laying length of hot water pipes is too long, it will easily lead to increased construction costs and later operation and maintenance costs. If the laying length of hot water pipes is too short, it is not conducive to the control of tunnel freezing damage, and it is difficult to implement the addition of circulating hot water pipes.

Contents of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention provides a cold protection analysis method for tunnels in cold regions, which is used to reduce the safety hazards of cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions, reduce the implementation cost of cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions, improve the effect of cold protection, and provide technical guidance for the implementation of cold protection measures. Methods include:

Obtain the physical structure data of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel includes the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

According to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, determine the mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of customized air curtain machines; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

Establish a cold area tunnel thermodynamic model; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and the train wind; the air curtain is an air compartment formed when the custom air curtain machine operates;

Using the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions, determine the total length of hot water pipeline laying;

Divide the total length of hot water pipeline laying into multiple hot water pipeline units along the direction of the tunnel;

Determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler, the installation parameters include the installation location and the installation method;

According to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler, the installation parameters of the intelligent control server are determined; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server include intelligent Control the installation location of the server, the power supply method, the connection method with the temperature sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, the boiler and the customized air curtain machine. The intelligent control server is used to adjust the boiler according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor. And customize the operation control parameters of the air curtain machine;

According to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server, the implementation configuration parameters of the tunnel cold protection are determined.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel thermal insulation system in cold regions, which is used to reduce the potential safety hazards of tunnel anti-cold measures in cold regions, reduce the implementation cost of anti-cold measures for tunnels in cold regions, and improve the effect of cold protection. The system includes: multiple customized air curtain machines, Hot water pipes, boilers, temperature sensors, wind speed and direction sensors, intelligent control servers;

Wherein, the customized air curtain machine is installed above the tunnel opening, and the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

The hot water pipeline is laid extending from the tunnel entrance to the inside of the tunnel, and the total length of the hot water pipeline is determined by using the above-mentioned tunnel cold protection analysis method in cold regions;

The boiler is used to heat the hot water pipeline;

The temperature sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement and is arranged in the tunnel for collecting temperature data in the tunnel;

The wind speed and direction sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement and is arranged in the tunnel to collect wind speed and direction data in the tunnel;

The intelligent control server is set at the entrance of the tunnel, and is used to read the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor, and adjust the boiler and customize the operation control parameters of the air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and wind direction sensor.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a cold protection analysis device for tunnels in cold regions, which is used to reduce the potential safety hazards of cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions, reduce the cost of implementing cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions, improve the effect of cold protection, and provide technical guidance for the implementation of cold protection measures. The unit includes:

The tunnel data acquisition module is used to acquire the physical structure data of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel includes the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

The mechanical structure parameter determination module of the customized air curtain machine is used to determine the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening ;

The module for determining the total length of hot water pipe laying is used to establish a cold area tunnel thermodynamic model; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind; the air curtain is a customized air curtain machine The air barrier formed during operation; use the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold area to determine the total length of the hot water pipeline;

The installation parameter determination module is used to divide the total length of the hot water pipeline laying into multiple hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction; determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation of the boiler Parameters; the installation parameters include installation location, installation method; according to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler, determine the intelligent control server Installation parameters; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server include the installation location of the intelligent control server, the power supply mode, the connection mode with the temperature sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, the boiler and the customized air curtain machine, and the intelligent control server is used for according to the temperature sensor The detected data and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor can adjust the operation control parameters of the boiler and customized air curtain machine;

The installation implementation configuration parameter output module is used to determine the implementation configuration parameters of tunnel cold protection according to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned cold area tunnel cold protection analysis method is realized. .

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in cold regions is realized.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in cold regions is implemented.

In the method for analyzing the cold protection of tunnels in cold regions in the embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines are determined according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machines match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening , so the custom-made air curtain machine does not need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel opening during the installation process, reducing the safety hazards of cold-proof tunnels in cold regions;

At the same time, in the embodiment of the present invention, a cold area tunnel thermodynamic model is established; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain formed when the customized air curtain machine is running and the train wind; The thermodynamic model determines the total length of the hot water pipe laying, and can actively determine the appropriate length of the hot water pipe laying before the cold protection measures are implemented, eliminating the cost of manual trial and error, and reducing the cost of implementing cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions;

Moreover, in the embodiment of the present invention, the total length of hot water pipeline laying is divided into multiple hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction; according to the multiple hot water pipeline units, the installation parameters and wind speed of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit The installation parameters of the wind direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler; the installation parameters include the installation location and the installation method; that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, each section of the hot water pipeline is equipped with a corresponding boiler and temperature sensor, and the hot water pipeline is controlled in sections. Achieved high efficiency and energy saving;

To sum up, the cold protection analysis method for tunnels in moderately cold regions in the embodiment of the present invention provides powerful theoretical and technical guidance for cold protection and heat preservation measures.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal insulation system for tunnels in cold areas includes: multiple customized air curtain machines, hot water pipes, boilers, temperature sensors, wind speed and direction sensors, and intelligent control servers; wherein, the customized air curtain machines are installed above the tunnel entrance, The mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, so the customized air curtain machine does not need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel opening during the installation process, reducing the safety hazards of tunnel cold protection measures in cold regions;

The hot water pipe is laid extending from the tunnel entrance to the inside of the tunnel. The total laying length of the hot water pipe is determined by the above-mentioned method for cold protection analysis of tunnels in cold regions, and the appropriate laying length of the hot water pipe can be actively determined before the cold protection measures are implemented. The cost of manual trial and error is reduced, and the cost of implementing cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions is reduced;

The hot water pipeline is laid in sections, and each section of the hot water pipeline is equipped with a boiler and a temperature sensor; the boiler is used to heat the hot water pipeline; the temperature sensors are arranged in multiple points in the tunnel to collect internal temperature data; the wind speed and direction sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement and is arranged in the tunnel to collect wind speed and direction data in the tunnel; the intelligent control server is set at the tunnel entrance to read the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor to detect According to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor, the boiler and the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine are adjusted; that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, each section of hot water pipeline is equipped with a corresponding boiler and temperature sensor, and the heat is controlled in sections. Water pipes achieve high efficiency and energy saving.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the tunnel cold protection analysis method in the middle cold area of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment of the cold-proof analysis method for tunnels in the middle-cold region according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a specific embodiment of the cold-proof analysis method for tunnels in the middle-cold region according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a specific embodiment of the cold-proof analysis method for tunnels in the middle-cold region according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a specific embodiment of the cold-proof analysis method for tunnels in the middle-cold region according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel heat preservation system in a middle-cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an analysis device for cold protection of a tunnel in a middle-cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Here, the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

The applicant found that there are many cold protection measures in the prior art, such as strengthening the structure of the entrance, setting up air curtains, setting up deep-buried drainage facilities, and adding circulating hot water pipes, etc., but the response to the natural environment is generally relatively passive. It can reduce heat transmission and freeze-thaw speed, and the effect of cold protection and heat preservation is not obvious. Tunnels in cold regions still have problems such as hanging ice, overflowing ice, cracking, and falling blocks caused by freezing damage, which endanger the safety of trains. Currently, tunnels in cold regions The cost of implementing cold protection measures is relatively high. Based on this, the applicant proposed a cold protection analysis method for tunnels in cold regions, a device and a thermal insulation system for tunnels in cold regions.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the cold-proof analysis method for tunnels in the middle-cold area of the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the method includes:

Step 101, acquiring the physical structure data of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel includes the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

Step 102, according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, determine the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machines match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

Step 103, establishing a cold area tunnel thermodynamic model; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and the train wind, and the air curtain is an air compartment formed when the customized air curtain machine is running;

Step 104, using the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold region to determine the total length of hot water pipeline laying;

Step 105, dividing the total length of hot water pipeline laying into multiple hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction;

Step 106, determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, and the boiler of each hot water pipe unit; the installation parameters include the installation location and the installation method;

Step 107. Determine the installation parameters of the intelligent control server according to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor, and the installation parameters of the boiler;

Step 108, according to the mechanical structure parameters of the custom-made air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server, determine the implementation configuration parameters for cold protection of the tunnel.

As can be seen from the process shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, determine the mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of customized air curtain machines; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine and the tunnel opening The physical structure data is matched, so the customized air curtain machine does not need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel opening during the installation process, which reduces the safety hazards of cold-proof tunnels in cold areas; at the same time, in the embodiment of the present invention, a thermodynamic model of cold-area tunnels is established; The cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the internal temperature distribution of the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind formed during the operation of the customized air curtain machine; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model is used to determine the total length of hot water pipelines, which can be used in cold protection measures Actively determine the appropriate length of hot water pipe laying before implementation, eliminating the cost of manual trial and error, and reducing the cost of implementing cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions; and, in the embodiment of the present invention, the total length of hot water pipe laying is divided along the direction of the tunnel into A plurality of hot water piping units; according to the plurality of hot water piping units, determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water piping unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler; the installation parameters include installation location, installation way; that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, each section of the hot water pipeline is equipped with a corresponding boiler and temperature sensor, and the hot water pipeline is controlled in sections to achieve high efficiency and energy saving, and provide powerful technical guidance for cold protection and heat preservation measures.

The method for analyzing the cold protection of tunnels in cold regions in the embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail below.

First, obtain the physical structure data of the tunnel, such as the length of the tunnel, the physical structure data of the longitudinal section of the tunnel, and the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; during implementation, a laser scanner can be used to collect the 3D point cloud data of the tunnel opening to obtain the tunnel The detailed internal contour data of the tunnel entrance can also be obtained by querying the engineering materials during tunnel construction to obtain the physical structure data of the tunnel.

Then, according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, the mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of customized air curtain machines are determined; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machines are matched with the physical structure data of the tunnel opening.

During implementation, according to the detailed inner contour data of the tunnel opening, the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines, as well as the bracket mechanical structure data and installation methods of multiple customized air curtain machines are determined along the inner contour of the tunnel opening. The mechanical structure parameters of the curtain machine include the mechanical structure parameters of the shell and air outlet of the customized air curtain machine.

Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment of the analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in cold areas in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a special-shaped top-blowing jet heat preservation method, and the marks 1 in Fig. 2 are multiple Customize the installation position of the air curtain machine, install the bracket 6 and multiple customized air curtain machines 1 on the basis of the existing structure of the tunnel opening, wherein the bracket 6 and multiple customized air curtain machines 1 match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, There is no need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel opening, thereby reducing the safety hazards of the cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions.

Afterwards, a thermodynamic model of tunnels in cold regions is established, and the total length of hot water pipelines is determined by using the thermodynamic models of tunnels in cold regions.

Fig. 3 is a specific embodiment of the cold protection analysis method for a tunnel in a cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 3 , it is a schematic diagram of a thermodynamic model of a tunnel in a cold region.

Referring to Figure 3, a thermodynamic model of tunnels in cold regions is established according to the following formula:

（1）

(1)

Among them, K _i , ci , T _i ( i =1, 2, 3, 4) and R _i are the thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, temperature, and radius of the primary lining, insulation layer _, secondary lining, and surrounding rock, respectively. , t is time, r is the distance between the sampling point to be measured and the center point of the tunnel, the outer diameter of the thermal insulation layer in Figure 3 corresponds to the radius of the thermal insulation layer in formula (1), and the outer diameter of the primary lining in Figure 3 corresponds to the formula ( The radius of the primary lining in 1), the outer diameter of the second lining in Figure 3 corresponds to the radius of the secondary lining in the formula (1), L ₁ ( r , t ) is the air curtain and train wind Temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the common influence.

In one embodiment, using the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions to determine the total length of hot water pipeline laying may include:

Obtain the physical structure data of the train passing through the tunnel, the temperature of the mixed gas at the tunnel opening under the action of the air curtain, and the thermodynamic parameters of the primary lining, heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the train Including the front area of the train, the number of train cars, the speed of the train, and the mass of the train; the thermodynamic parameters include temperature, thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, and convective heat transfer coefficient;

The physical structure data of the train passing through the tunnel, the temperature of the mixed gas at the tunnel entrance under the action of the air curtain, and the thermodynamic parameters of the primary lining, heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel are input into the cold area tunnel thermodynamics The model uses the air temperature field in the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind to determine the temperature boundary conditions of the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions, and calculates and outputs the negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind; The negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section is the depth length of the tunnel corresponding to the temperature from below zero to zero degrees from the tunnel entrance where the temperature is below zero;

According to the negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section, determine the total length of hot water pipeline laying.

For example, combined with formula (1), the initial conditions of the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions are set according to the following formula (2), and according to the following formula (3), the air temperature field in the tunnel under the influence of the air curtain and train wind is used to determine Temperature boundary conditions of the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions:

Initial conditions:

T _i = T _0i ,R _i <r<R _i+1 , t =0, i =1,2,3,4 (2)

Temperature boundary conditions:

（3）

(3)

分别是相邻介质之间的热传导函数，A为列车车头面积，ρ为空气密度，c为空气比热，μ为围岩的热传导系数，x为热交换长度，Q为列车在单位时间单位长度上的散热量，L为列车长度，B(t)为列车风影响下隧道内空气温度场，T _m 为隧道内年平均温度，T _n 为隧道内年温度振幅，t为时间，η为日相位，T _w 为列车壁面温度，S为隧道断面的周长；其中A(t)、B(t)可根据实际统计数据拟合计算得到，T ₀ 为空气幕形成后隧道洞口段混合空气温度，T ₀ 可根据热平衡原理，利用定制风幕机未工作时侵入隧道的空气量、定制风幕机工作时侵入隧道的空气量、隧道外界温度、定制风幕机喷射气流温度、定制风幕机喷射气流风速、定制风幕机喷射气流角度、隧道的物理结构参数、湍流系数等计算得到，列车在单位时间单位长度上的散热量Q可以根据空气阻力热、制动器散热、列车长度、空气阻力、列车起动至静止的距离、列车总质量、列车速度等计算得到。In formula (2) (3), K _i , ci _, T _i ( i =1, 2, 3, 4) , R _i , T _oi are the primary lining, thermal insulation layer, secondary lining and surrounding rock respectively. Thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, temperature, radius, initial temperature, r is the distance between the sampling point to be measured and the center of the tunnel, h is the convective heat transfer coefficient between air and surrounding rock, A(t) is the Influenced air temperature field in the tunnel,

are the heat conduction functions between adjacent media, A is the area of the train front, ρ is the air density, c is the specific heat of the air, μ is the heat transfer coefficient of the surrounding rock, x is the heat exchange length, Q is the length of the train per unit time L is the length of the train, B ( t ) is the air temperature field in the tunnel under the influence of the train wind, T _m is the annual average temperature in the tunnel, T _n is the annual temperature amplitude in the tunnel, t is the time, η is the daily phase, T _w is the train wall temperature, S is the perimeter of the tunnel section; where A(t), B ( t ) can be calculated according to the actual statistical data fitting, T ₀ is the mixed air temperature at the tunnel entrance section after the air curtain is formed , T ₀ can be based on the principle of thermal balance, using the air volume intruding into the tunnel when the customized air curtain machine is not working, the air volume intruding into the tunnel when the customized air curtain machine is working, the outside temperature of the tunnel, the jet air temperature of the customized air curtain machine, and the temperature of the customized air curtain machine The jet air velocity, the jet air angle of the custom-made air curtain machine, the physical structure parameters of the tunnel, and the turbulence coefficient are calculated . The distance from the start of the train to the standstill, the total mass of the train, and the speed of the train are calculated.

Fig. 4 is a specific embodiment of the analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in the middle cold region of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, curve 1 can reflect the distribution law of the temperature field inside the tunnel under the joint influence of air curtain and train wind, according to curve 1 , it can be determined that the total length of hot water pipeline laying is about 67 meters.

After determining the total length of the hot water pipeline laying, divide the total length of the hot water pipeline laying into multiple hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction, and determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor of each hot water pipeline unit and the installation parameters of the boiler; the installation parameters include the installation location and installation method.

In one embodiment, according to multiple hot water piping units, determining the temperature sensor and boiler installation parameters of each hot water piping unit may include:

According to multiple hot water piping units, it is determined that each hot water piping unit is controlled by a boiler, and each hot water piping unit is installed with a temperature sensor.

For example, according to the actual environment inside the tunnel, it is determined to install the boiler at the position of the avoidance hole in the tunnel. The installation position and installation method of the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor of the water pipe unit, and the connection wiring with the intelligent control service.

Due to the cold protection measures of laying hot water pipes in sections, according to the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit in the actual tunnel, only the hot water pipes at the lower temperature tunnel positions can be opened, and the hot water pipes can be controlled in sections to realize High efficiency and energy saving.

In one embodiment, each hot water piping unit is configured to use brine as a circulation medium. The freezing temperature of brine is below minus ten degrees, which can effectively prevent the freezing of the medium in the hot water pipes of tunnels in cold regions and affect the work of hot water pipes.

According to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler, the installation parameters of the intelligent control server are determined; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server include intelligent Control the installation location of the server, the power supply method, the connection method with the temperature sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, the boiler and the customized air curtain machine. The intelligent control server is used to adjust the boiler according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor. And customize the operation control parameters of the air curtain machine.

Finally, according to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server, determine the implementation configuration parameters of the tunnel cold protection, that is, output the concrete implementation plan of the tunnel cold protection , for the theoretical and technical guidance of tunnel cold protection.

For example, the intelligent control server is set up near the tunnel entrance. The intelligent control server is connected to all customized air curtain machines, all boilers, all temperature sensors, and all wind speed and direction sensors. And customize the operation control parameters of the air curtain machine.

In one embodiment, the intelligent control server can adjust the operation control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor in the following manner:

When the temperature detected by any temperature sensor is lower than the preset temperature, adjust the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

When starting the preset duration of the customized air curtain machine, read the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in turn, and determine the hot water pipe unit corresponding to the temperature sensor whose temperature is still lower than the preset temperature;

Start the boiler of the hot water piping unit corresponding to the temperature sensor whose temperature is still lower than the preset temperature.

During implementation, the customized air curtain machine can be started first. The customized air curtain machine can include different working gears, such as high, medium and low three working gears. When the temperature detected by any temperature sensor read by the intelligent control server is low If the temperature is below zero, start the low gear of the customized air curtain first; after the customized air curtain runs for half an hour, read the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in turn, if the temperature is still below zero, start the customized air curtain. Middle gear; after the customized air curtain machine runs for half an hour again, read the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in turn, if the temperature is still below zero, start the high gear of the customized air curtain machine; customize the air curtain machine again After running for half an hour, read the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in turn. If the temperature is still below zero, start the boiler of the hot water pipe corresponding to the temperature sensor whose temperature is below zero; and so on, until all the temperature sensors in the tunnel The detected temperatures were all above zero degrees. Similarly, when the customized air curtain machine or boiler is turned off, when the detected temperature is higher than zero, the corresponding boilers are turned off in turn, and the gear of the customized air curtain machine is lowered until the customized air curtain machine is turned off, thereby reducing the operating energy consumption of the tunnel insulation system .

In one embodiment, adjusting the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine may include:

Adjust the working gear parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

According to the law of momentum conservation and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, adjust the blowing wind direction of the customized air curtain machine;

According to the law of energy conservation and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine is adjusted.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the air outlet and the wind direction regulator of the air curtain machine are designed and customized, and the intelligent control server can control the wind direction of the hot air by adjusting the wind direction baffle. Embodiment, Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a custom-made air curtain machine, a wind direction regulator, and a wind direction. For example, according to the following formula, calculate the blowing wind direction and the temperature of the blowing wind of the customized air curtain machine.

(1) Calculation method of the wind direction and wind speed of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine: Assume that the cold wind entering the tunnel outside the tunnel has a wind speed v ₁ and a mass m ₁ , and the hot wind generated by the customized air curtain machine has a wind speed v ₂ and a mass m ₂ , according to the conservation of momentum , in order to prevent the cold wind outside the tunnel from entering the tunnel, the horizontal momentum of the cold wind entering the tunnel mouth is equal to the horizontal momentum of the wind blowing out of the customized air curtain machine, that is:

m ₂ × v ₂ × cosθ = m ₁ × v ₁ (4)

Therefore, the blowing wind direction θ of the customized air curtain machine is calculated according to the following formula:

（5）

(5)

(2) Calculation method of the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine: In order to ensure that the air temperature in the tunnel does not drop, the energy of the hot air generated by the customized air curtain machine should be greater than the energy of the cold wind entering the tunnel entrance, assuming that the original temperature in the tunnel is T ₀ , the temperature of the cold air at the tunnel entrance is T ₁ , the temperature of the air blown by the customized air curtain machine is T ₂ , where c is the specific heat capacity, then:

c × m ₂ ×( T ₂ - T ₁ )≥ c × m ₁ ×( T ₀ - T ₁ ) (6)

Therefore, the temperature of the blown air of the customized air curtain machine should meet the following requirements:

（7）

(7)

As shown in Figure 5, the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine of the embodiment of the present invention adopts a certain inclination angle, and is blown out from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, which not only plays a role in blocking the cold air flow outside, but also does not affect the ventilation in the tunnel, effectively improving The quality of ventilation in the tunnel.

In one embodiment, the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine is zero degrees. Considering the large section of the tunnel, in the prior art, the air velocity and temperature of the air curtain are generally increased at the same time, which poses a challenge to the performance of the air curtain, and there must be a certain degree of wind speed attenuation when the air curtain reaches the bottom of the tunnel. Therefore, In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the wind blown by the custom-made air curtain is directly set to zero or warm air instead of hot air, which can reduce energy consumption and improve the effect of the air curtain to block cold wind.

In order to overcome the insufficiency of cold protection measures in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a tunnel insulation system in cold regions, including: multiple customized air curtain machines, hot water pipes, boilers, temperature sensors, wind speed and direction sensors, Intelligent control server;

Wherein, the customized air curtain machine is installed above the tunnel opening, and the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

The hot water pipe is laid extending from the tunnel entrance to the inside of the tunnel, and the total length of the hot water pipe is determined by using the above-mentioned tunnel cold protection analysis method in cold regions; the hot water pipe is laid in sections, and each section of the hot water pipe is equipped with a boiler and temperature sensor;

The boiler is used to heat the hot water pipeline;

The temperature sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement and is arranged in the tunnel for collecting temperature data in the tunnel;

The wind speed and direction sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement and is arranged in the tunnel to collect wind speed and direction data in the tunnel;

The intelligent control server is set at the entrance of the tunnel, and is used to read the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and direction sensor, and adjust the boiler and customize the operation control parameters of the air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and wind direction sensor.

In one embodiment, each hot water pipe unit in the system is configured to use brine as the circulation medium.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the thermal insulation system of the tunnel in the middle cold area of the embodiment of the present invention, in Fig. 6:

Multiple custom-made air curtain machines 1 block the outside cold airflow from intruding into the tunnel through the vertical strong wind blown out, and install the position of the opening inside the tunnel. The mechanical structure parameters of the custom-made air curtain machine 1 match the physical structure of the tunnel opening, and there is no need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel during installation , the customized air curtain machine 1 can be divided into three working positions of high, medium and low. Under different temperature conditions, the working state of the customized air curtain machine 1 is controlled by the intelligent control server 5;

The hot water pipes 2 are laid out in stages and connected in multiple groups in parallel, installed on the surface of the tunnel lining, and the actual heating pipes can be adjusted according to the data detected by the temperature sensor 4 in the tunnel;

Boiler 3 is installed in the tunnel to avoid traffic, to provide circulating hot water, the hot water can be salt water, and each boiler 3 controls a section of hot water pipeline;

The temperature field sensor 4 adopts a multi-point arrangement to collect temperature data in the tunnel, and uploads the temperature data in the tunnel to the intelligent control server 5, which is used to control the working status of multiple customized air curtain machines 1 and the heating status of the hot water pipe 2 ;

The wind speed and direction sensor adopts multi-point arrangement, collects the wind speed and direction data in the tunnel, and uploads the wind speed and direction data in the tunnel to the intelligent control server 5, which is used to control the working status of multiple customized air curtain machines 1;

The intelligent control server 5 is installed near the tunnel entrance. The intelligent control server 5 is connected to all customized air curtain machines 1, all boilers 3, all temperature sensors 4, and all wind speed and direction sensors. Data to adjust the operation control parameters of the boiler 3 and multiple customized air curtain machines 1.

The embodiment of the present invention proposes a special-shaped top blowing cold and warm jet heat preservation method, wherein, special-shaped top blowing: means that the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening, and will not damage the existing structure of the tunnel opening. Reduce potential safety hazards; warm and cold: it means that the wind blown by the custom-made air curtain machine is not necessarily hot air but can be wind at a preset temperature, such as warm wind, cold wind, or zero-degree wind.

In summary, the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

1. The embodiment of the present invention proposes a calculation method for the total length of hot water pipe laying, which can effectively avoid the problems caused by unreasonable laying length of hot water pipes, and is beneficial to the solution of tunnel freezing damage.

2. The embodiment of the present invention intelligently controls the working state of the customized air curtain machine and the heating state of the hot water pipe through the temperature data collected inside the tunnel, effectively reducing the energy consumption of the tunnel insulation system.

3. The embodiment of the present invention adopts the special-shaped top-blown cold and warm jet heat preservation method, which does not damage the original lining structure of the tunnel, is conducive to maintaining the stability of the tunnel structure, facilitates the construction of new tunnels and the treatment of frost damage in existing tunnels, and reduces the heat preservation of tunnels. The construction cost of the system will expand the scope of application of the tunnel insulation system.

4. The air blown out by the custom-made air curtain machine in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a certain inclination angle, and is blown from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, which not only plays a role in blocking the cold air flow from the outside, but also does not affect the ventilation in the tunnel, effectively improving the ventilation quality in the tunnel .

5. In the embodiment of the present invention, hot water pipes are laid on the surface of the tunnel lining to increase the temperature of the unblocked cold air flow, and at the same time use the internal temperature of the tunnel to ensure that the internal temperature of the tunnel reaches above zero, effectively preventing the occurrence of tunnel freezing damage.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a cold-region tunnel cold-proof analysis device, as described in the following embodiments. Since the problem-solving principle of this device is similar to that of the tunnel cold protection analysis method in cold regions, the implementation of this device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repetition will not be repeated.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cold-proof analysis device for a tunnel in a cold area according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, the device includes:

The tunnel data acquisition module 701 is used to acquire the physical structure data of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel includes the physical structure data of the tunnel opening;

Customized air curtain machine mechanical structure parameter determination module 702, used to determine the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine and the physical structure data of the tunnel opening match;

The hot water pipeline laying total length determination module 703 is used to establish a cold area tunnel thermodynamic model; the cold area tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the temperature distribution inside the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and the train wind; the air curtain is a customized air curtain The air barrier formed when the machine is running; use the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions to determine the total length of hot water pipelines;

The installation parameter determination module 704 is used to divide the total length of hot water pipeline laying into a plurality of hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction; determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the boiler Installation parameters; the installation parameters include installation location, installation method; according to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler, determine the intelligent control server the installation parameters of the intelligent control server; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server include the installation location of the intelligent control server, the power supply mode, the connection mode with the temperature sensor, the wind speed and direction sensor, the boiler and the customized air curtain machine, and the intelligent control server is used to The data detected by the sensor and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor can adjust the operation control parameters of the boiler and customized air curtain machine;

The installation implementation configuration parameter output module 705 is used to determine the implementation configuration parameters of tunnel cold protection according to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipe unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server.

In one embodiment, the hot water pipeline laying total length determination module 703 is specifically used for:

According to the following formula, the thermodynamic model of the tunnel in the cold region is established:

Among them, K _i , ci , T _i ( i =1, 2, 3, 4) and R _i are the thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, temperature, and radius of the primary lining, insulation layer _, secondary lining, and surrounding rock, respectively. , t is the time, r is the distance between the sampling point to measure the temperature and the center point of the tunnel.

In one embodiment, the hot water pipeline laying total length determination module 703 is specifically used for:

Obtain the physical structure data of the train passing through the tunnel, the temperature of the mixed gas at the tunnel opening under the action of the air curtain, and the thermodynamic parameters of the primary lining, heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the train Including the front area of the train, the number of train cars, the speed of the train, and the mass of the train; the thermodynamic parameters include temperature, thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, and convective heat transfer coefficient;

The physical structure data of the train passing through the tunnel, the temperature of the mixed gas at the tunnel entrance under the action of the air curtain, and the thermodynamic parameters of the primary lining, heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel are input into the cold area tunnel thermodynamics The model uses the air temperature field in the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind to determine the temperature boundary conditions of the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions, and calculates and outputs the negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section under the joint influence of the air curtain and train wind; The negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section is the depth length of the tunnel corresponding to the temperature from below zero to zero degrees from the tunnel entrance where the temperature is below zero;

According to the negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance section, determine the total length of hot water pipeline laying.

In one embodiment, each hot water piping unit is configured to use brine as a circulation medium.

In one embodiment, the installation parameter determination module 704 is specifically used for:

According to multiple hot water piping units, it is determined that each hot water piping unit is controlled by a boiler, and each hot water piping unit is installed with a temperature sensor.

In one embodiment, the intelligent control server adjusts the operation control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor in the following manner:

When the temperature detected by any temperature sensor is lower than the preset temperature, adjust the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

When starting the preset duration of the customized air curtain machine, read the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in turn, and determine the hot water pipe unit corresponding to the temperature sensor whose temperature is still lower than the preset temperature;

Start the boiler of the hot water piping unit corresponding to the temperature sensor whose temperature is still lower than the preset temperature.

In one embodiment, adjusting the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine includes:

Adjust the working gear parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

According to the law of momentum conservation and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, adjust the blowing wind direction of the customized air curtain machine;

According to the law of energy conservation and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine is adjusted.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned cold area tunnel cold protection analysis method is realized. .

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in cold regions is implemented.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned analysis method for cold protection of tunnels in cold regions is implemented.

In the method for analyzing the cold protection of tunnels in cold regions in the embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical structure parameters of multiple customized air curtain machines are determined according to the physical structure data of the tunnel opening; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machines match the physical structure data of the tunnel opening , so the custom-made air curtain machine does not need to destroy the existing structure of the tunnel opening during the installation process, which reduces the safety hazards of cold-proof tunnels in cold regions; at the same time, in the embodiment of the present invention, a thermodynamic model of cold-region tunnels is established; the cold region The tunnel thermodynamic model reflects the internal temperature distribution of the tunnel under the joint influence of the air curtain formed during the operation of the customized air curtain machine and the train wind; the total length of the hot water pipeline can be determined by using the tunnel thermodynamic model in cold regions, which can be actively determined before the implementation of cold protection measures Appropriate laying length of hot water pipes removes the cost of manual trial and error, and reduces the cost of implementing cold protection measures for tunnels in cold regions; and, in the embodiment of the present invention, the total length of hot water pipe laying is divided into multiple hot water pipes along the direction of the tunnel. pipeline unit; according to multiple hot water pipeline units, determine the installation parameters of the temperature sensor, wind speed and direction sensor and boiler installation parameters of each hot water pipeline unit; the installation parameters include installation location and installation method; that is, this In the embodiment of the invention, each section of the hot water pipeline is equipped with a corresponding boiler and temperature sensor, and the hot water pipeline is controlled in sections to achieve high efficiency and energy saving. Strong theoretical and technical guidance.

Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Protection scope, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. The cold-proof analysis method for the tunnel in the cold region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

acquiring physical structure data of a tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel comprises physical structure data of a tunnel portal;

determining mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of customized air curtain machines according to physical structure data of tunnel openings; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine are matched with the physical structure data of the tunnel portal;

establishing a tunnel thermodynamic model in a cold region; the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold region reflects the temperature distribution in the tunnel under the common influence of an air curtain and train wind, and the air curtain is an air interlayer formed when a customized air curtain machine operates;

determining the total paving length of the hot water pipeline by utilizing a cold region tunnel thermodynamic model;

dividing the total paving length of the hot water pipeline into a plurality of hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction;

determining installation parameters of a temperature sensor, an installation parameter of a wind speed and direction sensor and an installation parameter of a boiler of each hot water pipeline unit; the installation parameters comprise an installation position and an installation mode;

determining the installation parameters of the intelligent control server according to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server comprise the installation position of the intelligent control server, a power supply mode, a connection mode with a temperature sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a boiler and a customized air curtain machine, and the intelligent control server is used for adjusting the operation control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor;

And determining implementation configuration parameters of tunnel cold prevention according to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing a cold zone tunnel thermodynamic model comprises:

the tunnel thermodynamic model of the cold region is established according to the following formula:

，

wherein ,K _i 、c _i 、T _i (i=1、2、3、4)、R _i the heat conductivity coefficient, the volume specific heat, the temperature and the radius of the primary lining, the heat insulation layer, the secondary lining and the surrounding rock are respectively,tin order to be able to take time,rthe distance from the sampling point of the temperature to be measured to the central point of the tunnel.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the total length of hot water pipe lay using a cold zone tunnel thermodynamic model comprises:

acquiring physical structure data of a train passing through a tunnel, the temperature of mixed gas at a tunnel portal under the action of the air curtain and thermodynamic parameters of primary lining, a heat insulating layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the train comprise the area of the train head, the number of train carriages, the speed of the train and the quality of the train; the thermodynamic parameters comprise temperature, heat conductivity coefficient, volume specific heat and convective heat transfer coefficient;

Inputting physical structure data of a train passing through a tunnel, the temperature of mixed gas at a tunnel entrance under the action of an air curtain and thermodynamic parameters of primary lining, a heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel into a cold region tunnel thermodynamic model, determining temperature boundary conditions of the cold region tunnel thermodynamic model by utilizing an air temperature field in the tunnel under the common influence of the air curtain and train wind, and calculating and outputting negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance under the common influence of the air curtain and the train wind; the negative temperature length of the tunnel portal section is the tunnel depth length corresponding to the tunnel portal with the temperature of minus zero and the temperature of minus zero;

and determining the total paving length of the hot water pipeline according to the negative temperature length of the tunnel portal section.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each hot water piping unit arrangement employs brine as a circulation medium.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the temperature sensor of each hot water piping unit, the installation parameters of the boiler, from the plurality of hot water piping units, comprises:

according to the plurality of hot water pipe units, it is determined that each hot water pipe unit is controlled by one boiler, and each hot water pipe unit is installed with one temperature sensor.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the intelligent control server adjusts operational control parameters of the boiler and the custom air curtain machine based on data detected by the temperature sensor and data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor in the following manner:

when the temperature detected by any one of the temperature sensors is lower than a preset temperature, adjusting the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

when a preset time length of the customized air curtain machine is started, sequentially reading the temperature detected by each temperature sensor, and determining a hot water pipeline unit corresponding to the temperature sensor with the temperature still lower than the preset temperature;

and starting the boiler of the hot water pipeline unit corresponding to the temperature sensor with the temperature still lower than the preset temperature.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein adjusting operational control parameters of the customized air curtain machine comprises:

adjusting working gear parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

according to the law of conservation of momentum and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, the blowing wind direction of the customized air curtain machine is regulated;

and regulating the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine according to the law of conservation of energy and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor.

8. A cold zone tunnel insulation system, comprising: the intelligent control system comprises a plurality of customized air curtain machines, a hot water pipeline, a boiler, a temperature sensor, an air speed and direction sensor and an intelligent control server;

The customized air curtain machine is arranged above the tunnel portal, and mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine are matched with physical structure data of the tunnel portal;

the hot water pipeline extends from the tunnel portal to be paved inside the tunnel, and the paving total length of the hot water pipeline is determined by the cold area tunnel cold-proof analysis method according to any one of claims 1-3; the hot water pipelines are paved in sections, and each section of hot water pipeline is provided with a boiler and a temperature sensor;

the boiler is used for heating a hot water pipeline;

the temperature sensors are arranged in the tunnel in a multipoint arrangement mode and are used for acquiring temperature data in the tunnel;

the wind speed and direction sensor adopts a multipoint arrangement mode and is arranged in the tunnel and used for collecting wind speed and direction data in the tunnel;

the intelligent control server is arranged at the tunnel portal and used for reading data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and wind direction sensor and adjusting operation control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the wind speed and wind direction sensor.

9. The cold zone tunnel insulation system of claim 8, wherein each hot water piping unit arrangement employs brine as a circulating medium.

10. Cold district tunnel winter protection analytical equipment, characterized by includes:

the tunnel data acquisition module is used for acquiring physical structure data of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the tunnel comprises physical structure data of a tunnel portal;

the customized air curtain machine mechanical structure parameter determining module is used for determining mechanical structure parameters of a plurality of customized air curtain machines according to physical structure data of tunnel openings; the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine are matched with the physical structure data of the tunnel portal;

the hot water pipeline paving total length determining module is used for establishing a cold region tunnel thermodynamic model; the tunnel thermodynamic model in the cold region reflects the temperature distribution in the tunnel under the common influence of an air curtain and train wind; the air curtain is an air interlayer formed when the customized air curtain machine operates; determining the total paving length of the hot water pipeline by utilizing a cold region tunnel thermodynamic model;

the installation parameter determining module is used for dividing the total paving length of the hot water pipeline into a plurality of hot water pipeline units along the tunnel direction; determining installation parameters of a temperature sensor, an installation parameter of a wind speed and direction sensor and an installation parameter of a boiler of each hot water pipeline unit; the installation parameters comprise an installation position and an installation mode; determining the installation parameters of the intelligent control server according to the physical structure data of the tunnel, the installation parameters of the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the wind speed and direction sensor and the installation parameters of the boiler; the installation parameters of the intelligent control server comprise the installation position of the intelligent control server, a power supply mode, a connection mode with a temperature sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a boiler and a customized air curtain machine, and the intelligent control server is used for adjusting the operation control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine according to the data detected by the temperature sensor and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor;

And the installation implementation configuration parameter output module is used for determining the implementation configuration parameters of tunnel cold protection according to the mechanical structure parameters of the customized air curtain machine, the temperature sensor of each hot water pipeline unit, the installation parameters of the boiler and the installation parameters of the intelligent control server.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the total length of hot water pipe laying determination module is specifically configured to:

the tunnel thermodynamic model of the cold region is established according to the following formula:

，

wherein ,K _i 、c _i 、T _i (i=1、2、3、4)、R _i the heat conductivity coefficient, the volume specific heat, the temperature and the radius of the primary lining, the heat insulation layer, the secondary lining and the surrounding rock are respectively,tin order to be able to take time,rthe distance from the sampling point of the temperature to be measured to the central point of the tunnel.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the total length of hot water pipe laying determination module is specifically configured to:

acquiring physical structure data of a train passing through a tunnel, the temperature of mixed gas at a tunnel portal under the action of the air curtain and thermodynamic parameters of primary lining, a heat insulating layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel; the physical structure data of the train comprise the area of the train head, the number of train carriages, the speed of the train and the quality of the train; the thermodynamic parameters comprise temperature, heat conductivity coefficient, volume specific heat and convective heat transfer coefficient;

Inputting physical structure data of a train passing through a tunnel, the temperature of mixed gas at a tunnel entrance under the action of an air curtain and thermodynamic parameters of primary lining, a heat insulation layer, secondary lining and outer surrounding rock of the tunnel into a cold region tunnel thermodynamic model, determining temperature boundary conditions of the cold region tunnel thermodynamic model by utilizing an air temperature field in the tunnel under the common influence of the air curtain and train wind, and calculating and outputting negative temperature length of the tunnel entrance under the common influence of the air curtain and the train wind; the negative temperature length of the tunnel portal section is the tunnel depth length corresponding to the tunnel portal with the temperature of minus zero and the temperature of minus zero;

and determining the total paving length of the hot water pipeline according to the negative temperature length of the tunnel portal section.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein each hot water piping unit is provided with brine as a circulating medium.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the installation parameter determination module is specifically configured to:

according to the plurality of hot water pipe units, it is determined that each hot water pipe unit is controlled by one boiler, and each hot water pipe unit is installed with one temperature sensor.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the intelligent control server adjusts operational control parameters of the boiler and the customized air curtain machine based on data detected by the temperature sensor and data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor in the following manner:

When the temperature detected by any one of the temperature sensors is lower than a preset temperature, adjusting the operation control parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

when a preset time length of the customized air curtain machine is started, sequentially reading the temperature detected by each temperature sensor, and determining a hot water pipeline unit corresponding to the temperature sensor with the temperature still lower than the preset temperature;

and starting the boiler of the hot water pipeline unit corresponding to the temperature sensor with the temperature still lower than the preset temperature.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein adjusting operational control parameters of the customized air curtain machine comprises:

adjusting working gear parameters of the customized air curtain machine;

according to the law of conservation of momentum and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor, the blowing wind direction of the customized air curtain machine is regulated;

and regulating the temperature of the air blown out by the customized air curtain machine according to the law of conservation of energy and the data detected by the wind speed and direction sensor.

17. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

18. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7.

19. A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product comprises a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7.

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