CN116203403B - Method and device for determining working noise temperature of parametric amplifier - Google Patents
Method and device for determining working noise temperature of parametric amplifierInfo
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- CN116203403B CN116203403B CN202111444424.3A CN202111444424A CN116203403B CN 116203403 B CN116203403 B CN 116203403B CN 202111444424 A CN202111444424 A CN 202111444424A CN 116203403 B CN116203403 B CN 116203403B
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Abstract
The application discloses a working noise temperature determining method of a parametric amplifier, wherein the parametric amplifier is a first element in a quantum amplification link, the method comprises the steps of respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between first power and second power of output signals corresponding to the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of the first element and the second element existing in the quantum amplification link when driving signals of the parametric amplifier are working and not working, determining a third relation representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relation and the second relation, measuring a first power value and a second power value of output signals of the quantum amplification link when the driving signals of the parametric amplifier are working and not working, and determining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value and the third relation. The application provides a method for measuring the working noise temperature of a parametric amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of quanta, and particularly relates to a working noise temperature determining method and device of a parametric amplifier.
Background
In the field of quantum computing, a quantum computing task is run by a quantum processor and an analog signal carrying an operation result is output after the operation is completed. Because the analog signal output by the quantum processor is very weak, the analog signal needs to be amplified before demodulation and analysis, and a parametric amplifier is usually connected with the quantum chip to amplify the analog signal output by the quantum chip. Because the analog signal output by the quantum processor is very weak and very sensitive to noise, the noise temperature generated by the parametric amplifier during working can directly influence the analog signal to be amplified, and the working noise temperature parameter of the parametric amplifier needs to be measured to determine whether the working noise temperature parameter meets the preset requirement. Since the parametric amplifier is usually located in the same temperature interval as the quantum processor, for example, 10mK layer of the dilution refrigerator, there is no means of measuring the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a working noise temperature determining method and device for a parametric amplifier, which make up for the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
An aspect of the present application provides a method for determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier, the parametric amplifier being a first element in a quantum amplification link, the method comprising:
respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of output signals corresponding to the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of the first element and the second element existing in the quantum amplification link when driving signals of the parametric amplifier work and do not work;
determining a third relationship representative of a noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship, wherein the third relationship is a function of the first power and the second power;
Measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work;
an operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is determined based on the first power value, the second power value, and the third relationship.
The working noise temperature determining method of the parametric amplifier further comprises the step of enabling the second element of the quantum amplification link to comprise a first amplifier, wherein the first amplifier is connected with the output end of the parametric amplifier and is arranged in a second temperature interval, and the parametric amplifier is arranged in a first temperature interval, and the temperature of the second temperature interval is larger than that of the first temperature interval.
The method for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, further, determines the first and second relations between the first and second powers of the output signal of the quantum amplification link and the fixed parameters of the first and second elements existing in the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is operating and not operating, respectively, as follows:
Pon＝(((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GHkBB
Poff＝((T0GIGC+TH)GHkBB
wherein P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of a connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier.
The method for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier as described above, further, determining a third relationship representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship is:
The working noise temperature determining method of the parametric amplifier further comprises a second amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is connected with the output end of the first amplifier, and is arranged in a third temperature interval, and the temperature of the third temperature interval is greater than that of the second temperature interval.
The method for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, further, determines the first and second relations between the first and second powers of the output signal of the quantum amplification link and the fixed parameters of the first and second elements existing in the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is operating and not operating, respectively, as follows:
Pon＝(((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
Poff＝((T0GIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, T R is the noise temperature of the second amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of the connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, G R is the gain of the second amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier.
The method for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier as described above, further, determining a third relationship representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship is:
The method for determining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier as described above, further, the connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier comprises a connection cable, or a connection cable and a circulator.
The method for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, further comprising optimizing the third relationship to:
The method for determining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, further, the measuring to obtain the first power value and the second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is working and not working, comprises measuring to obtain a plurality of first power values and a plurality of second power values of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is working and not working for a plurality of times.
The method for determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier as described above, further, the determining an operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value, and the third relationship, includes:
Obtaining a plurality of Y values based on a plurality of the first power values and a plurality of second power values;
Determining operating noise temperatures of a plurality of said parametric amplifiers based on said third relationship and a plurality of said Y values;
and determining the average value of the working noise temperatures of a plurality of the parametric amplifiers as the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifiers.
The application further provides an operating noise temperature determining device of a parametric amplifier, wherein the parametric amplifier is an element in a quantum amplification link, the device comprises a first model building module, a second model building module and a determining module, wherein the first model building module is used for respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between first power and second power of output signals corresponding to the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of the element existing in the quantum amplification link when a driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and is not in operation, the second model building module is used for determining a third relation which represents the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relation and the second relation, the third relation is a function of the first power and the second power, the measuring module is used for measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signals of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and is not in operation, and the determining module is used for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value and the third relation.
Compared with the prior art, the method comprises the steps of firstly constructing a quantum amplification link for amplifying the quantum processor based on the parametric amplifier, obtaining a first relation and a second relation between an output signal of the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of all elements in the quantum amplification link, further obtaining a third relation between noise temperature representing the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of the second elements in the quantum amplification link, then connecting the quantum amplifier to the quantum processor to execute measurement, obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link, representing measured parameters of the second elements in the quantum amplification link, and then obtaining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier by combining the third relation, so that the gap in the prior art is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of obtaining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier based on multiple measurements according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a diagram of an apparatus for determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate 10-first model building block, 20-second model building block, 30-second model building block, 40-determination block.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier, the parametric amplifier being a first element in a quantum amplification link, the method comprising the steps of:
S1, respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between first power and second power of output signals corresponding to the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of the first element and the second element existing in the quantum amplification link when driving signals of the parametric amplifier work and do not work.
The analog signal carrying the quantum state information output by the quantum processor is very weak, the working environment temperature of the quantum processor is relatively low, the quantum processor is usually located in a very low temperature layer of a dilution refrigerator, for example, 10mK (about equal to-273 ℃), and a functional module for demodulating the analog signal output by the quantum processor is usually located in a room temperature environment, so that a quantum amplifying link is usually arranged at the rear end of the quantum processor, and the parametric amplifier is a first element in the quantum amplifying link and is used for amplifying the analog signal output by the quantum processor for the first time. In addition, a second element in the quantum amplification link is connected with a parametric amplifier for processing the amplified signal output by the parametric amplifier.
When the drive signal is not provided, the parametric amplifier is not operated, and at the moment, the signal output by the quantum amplification link is the signal which is not amplified by the parametric amplifier and is only the signal processed by the second element. Therefore, for the constructed quantum amplification link, the first power and the second power of the output signal of the quantum amplification link are obtained by presetting the driving signal of the parametric amplifier to be operated and not operated, respectively, and the obtained first power and second power are related to the fixed parameters of the first element and the second element existing in the quantum amplification link, and it is understood that the values of the fixed parameters of the first element and the second element are different, and the obtained first power and second power are also different. I.e. a first and a second relation of the first and second power to the fixed parameters of the first and second element is obtained. Additionally, fixed parameters include, but are not limited to, noise temperature, gain, loss, bandwidth, etc.
And S2, determining a third relation representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relation and the second relation, wherein the third relation is a function of the first power and the power.
The first relation and the second relation are the relative relation between the power of the output signal of the quantum amplification link and the fixed parameters of the first element and the second element, and the first element is the parametric amplifier, so that the first relation and the second relation are converted to obtain a third relation between the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier and the fixed parameters of the second element in the quantum amplification link. Wherein the fixed parameters of the respective elements in the quantum amplification link correspond to the first power and the second power, and therefore the third relationship may also be expressed as a function of the first power and the second power.
And S3, measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work.
Specifically, the third relationship characterizing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier obtained in step S20 is obtained based on the constructed quantum-amplified link. By connecting the quantum amplification link to the quantum processor and performing specific measurement steps, a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is working and not working are obtained, and it is understood that the obtained first power value and second power value are measured values obtained after the analog signal output by the quantum processor is processed by all elements in the quantum amplification link.
And S4, determining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value and the third relation. Specifically, the third relation is a relative relation between the noise temperature of the characterization parametric amplifier and the fixed parameter of the second element in the quantum amplification link, and after the first power value and the second power value are obtained through specific measurement, the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier can be determined by combining the first power value, the second power value and the third relation.
The method comprises the steps of constructing a quantum amplification link for amplifying a quantum processor based on a parametric amplifier, obtaining a first relation and a second relation between an output signal of the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of all elements in the quantum amplification link, further obtaining a third relation representing noise temperature of the quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of a second element in the quantum amplification link, performing measurement by connecting the quantum amplifier with the quantum amplifier through the quantum amplification link, obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link, and obtaining working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier by combining the third relation.
It can be understood that the parametric amplifier is located in an extremely low temperature environment where the quantum processor works, and the working performance of the parametric amplifier cannot be directly tested, and the measurement of the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is realized based on the test result and the second element by constructing a quantum amplification link comprising the parametric amplifier and the second element and executing a specific test.
As one implementation mode of the embodiment of the application, the second element of the quantum amplification link comprises a first amplifier, wherein the first amplifier is connected with the output end of the parametric amplifier, the first amplifier is arranged in a second temperature interval, the parametric amplifier is arranged in a first temperature interval, and the temperature of the second temperature is larger than that of the first temperature interval. Specifically, the second element is a first amplifier located in a second temperature range, and is connected with a parametric amplifier located in the first temperature range through a connecting piece. Since the temperature of the second temperature is greater than the temperature of the first temperature interval, the magnitude of the noise temperature of the first amplifier is far greater than that of the parametric amplifier, and when the quantum amplification link is tested, the influence of the working noise temperature of the second amplifier on the parametric amplifier can be understood to be very small and almost negligible, and the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is measured by adopting the second amplifier.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the first relationship and the second relationship between the first power and the second power of the output signal of the quantum amplification link and the fixed parameters of the first element and the second element existing in the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is working and not working are respectively determined as follows:
Pon＝(((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GHkBB
Poff＝((T0GIGC+TH)GHkBB
Wherein P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of a connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier. For the constructed quantum amplification link, the relation between the signal power output by the whole quantum amplification link and the fixed parameters can be obtained based on the fixed parameters of each element in the quantum amplification link.
As one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, determining, based on the first relationship and the second relationship, a third relationship representing a noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is:
where Y can be understood as a Y factor, which can be used to characterize the amplification factor. For a constructed quantum amplification link, the Y factor is the ratio of the first power to the second power, and T P representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier can be obtained by combining the first relation with the second relation. From the above formula, it can be found that the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is related to the fixed parameters and Y of the individual elements of the quantum-amplified link.
The second element of the quantum amplification link is characterized by further comprising a second amplifier, wherein the second amplifier is connected with the output end of the first amplifier, and the second amplifier is arranged in a third temperature interval, and the temperature of the third temperature is greater than that of the second temperature interval. Specifically, a second amplifier which is also positioned in a third temperature interval is arranged at the rear end of the first amplifier, and the amplified signal output by the first amplifier is amplified again. The third temperature interval is usually a room temperature environment, the signal output by the second amplifier is measured by a testing device, the testing device includes but is not limited to a spectrometer, an oscilloscope, and the like, and the first power value and the second power value can be directly obtained by the testing device.
After a second amplifier is arranged in a quantum amplification link, determining a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of an output signal of the quantum amplification link and element noise temperature, element gain and element loss existing in the quantum amplification link when a driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work respectively, wherein the first relation and the second relation are as follows:
Pon＝(((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
Poff＝((T0GIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, T R is the noise temperature of the second amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of the cable from the parametric amplifier to the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, G R is the gain of the second amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier.
Setting a second amplifier in a quantum amplification link, and redefining a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of an output signal of the quantum amplification link and element noise temperature, element gain and element loss existing in the quantum amplification link when a driving signal of a parametric amplifier works and does not work, wherein a corresponding third relation is also required to be redetermined, namely, determining a third relation representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relation and the second relation, wherein the third relation is as follows:
As an implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier includes a connection cable, or a connection cable and a circulator. Because the parametric amplifier is located in the first temperature interval and the first amplifier is located in the second temperature interval, the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier are electrically connected by adopting a connecting cable to realize signal transmission. In addition, a circulator can be further arranged, the first end of the circulator is connected with the quantum processor, the analog signal to be amplified is received and is output to the parametric amplifier through the second port of the circulator, and the parametric amplifier transmits the amplified analog signal back to the second port of the circulator after reflection and is output to the first amplifier through the third port of the circulator. By providing a circulator, the signal is prevented from being reflected due to impedance mismatch during transmission.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the method further includes optimizing the third relationship as follows:
The third relation representing the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, which is obtained according to the first relation and the second relation, includes fixed parameters of all elements in the quantum amplification link, such as fixed parameters of the first amplifier, fixed parameters of the second amplifier, fixed parameters of the connecting cable and fixed parameters of the circulator, and the parameters are very numerous. The fixed parameters of the second amplifier and the fixed parameters of the circulator are very weak to the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, can be ignored in calculation, and are only expressed by the third relation of the gain of the parametric amplifier, the noise temperature of the first amplifier, the loss of a connecting cable connecting the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier and the Y factor, so that the calculation is convenient.
As one implementation mode of the embodiment of the application, the measuring to obtain the first power value and the second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and not in operation comprises measuring to obtain a plurality of first power values and a plurality of second power values of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and not in operation for a plurality of times. The measuring accuracy can be improved by obtaining a plurality of first power values and a plurality of second power values through a plurality of times of measurement and obtaining the working noise temperature of the corresponding parametric amplifier.
The application constructs a multi-stage quantum amplification link which is used for measuring a quantum processor and covers different temperature intervals, wherein the quantum amplification link comprises a parametric amplifier which is positioned in a first temperature interval and is connected with the quantum processor, a first amplifier which is positioned in a second temperature interval and is connected with the parametric amplifier, and a second amplifier which is positioned in a third temperature interval and is connected with the first amplifier; for the constructed quantum amplification link, a first relation and a second relation between the output signal power of the amplification link and the fixed parameters of each element in the quantum amplification link when the parametric amplifier is opened and closed are respectively determined, then the corresponding relation between the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier and the noise temperature of the first amplifier is determined by combining with the Y factor, the output signal power of the quantum amplification link is measured by measuring equipment to respectively obtain a first power value and a second power value of the output signal when the parametric amplifier is opened and closed, the actually measured Y factor is obtained based on the ratio of the first power value to the second power value, and the theoretical noise temperature of the first amplifier is defaulted to be the noise temperature when the first amplifier works because the magnitude of the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is far smaller than the magnitude of the noise temperature of the first amplifier, and then the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier can be obtained by combining with the measurement Y factor and the third relation.
As one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value, and the third relationship includes the following steps:
And S41, obtaining a plurality of Y values based on the plurality of first power values and the plurality of second power values.
And S42, determining the working noise temperatures of the parametric amplifiers based on the third relation and the Y values.
S43, determining an average value of the working noise temperatures of a plurality of the parametric amplifiers as the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifiers.
And carrying out multiple measurements, wherein the first power value and the second power value obtained in each measurement can be a Y factor, and the working noise temperatures of a plurality of parametric amplifiers can be obtained by combining a formula of a third relation, and the working noise temperatures are averaged, and the average value is used as the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.
Based on the same application conception, the embodiment of the application provides an operating noise temperature determining device of a parametric amplifier, wherein the parametric amplifier is an element in a quantum amplification link, the device comprises a first model building module 10, a second model building module 20, a measuring module 30 and a determining module 40, wherein the first model building module is used for respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of a driving signal of the parametric amplifier and a fixed parameter of an element existing in the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and not in operation, the second model building module 20 is used for determining a third relation which represents the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relation and the second relation, the third relation is a function of the first power and the second power, the measuring module 30 is used for measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is in operation and not in operation, and the determining module 40 is used for determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value and the third relation.
The construction, features and effects of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, all changes, or modifications to the teachings of the application, which fall within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein, are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining the working noise temperature of a parametric amplifier is characterized in that the parametric amplifier is a first element in a quantum amplification link, and the method comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of output signals corresponding to a quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of a first element and a second element existing in the quantum amplification link when a driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work, wherein the second element comprises a first amplifier which is connected with an output end of the parametric amplifier and is arranged in a second temperature interval, and the parametric amplifier is arranged in a first temperature interval with a temperature greater than that of the first temperature interval;
determining a third relationship representative of a noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship, wherein the third relationship is a function of the first power and the second power;
Measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work;
an operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier is determined based on the first power value, the second power value, and the third relationship.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first and second power of the output signal of the quantum-amplified link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is active and inactive, respectively, and the first and second relationships of the fixed parameters of the first and second elements present in the quantum-amplified link are:
Pon＝((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GHkBB
Poff＝(T0GIGC+TH)GHkBB
Wherein P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of a cable in a connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier.
3. The method of determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier according to claim 2, wherein determining a third relationship representing a noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship is:
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the second element of the quantum-amplified link further comprises a second amplifier;
the second amplifier is connected with the output end of the first amplifier, and is arranged in a third temperature interval, and the temperature of the third temperature interval is greater than that of the second temperature interval.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the first and second power of the output signal of the quantum-amplified link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is active and inactive, respectively, and the first and second relationships of the fixed parameters of the first and second elements present in the quantum-amplified link are:
Pon＝(((T0+TP)GPGIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
Poff＝((ToGIGC+TH)GH+TR)GRkBB
P on is the first power, P off is the second power, T 0 is the noise temperature of the signal to be amplified, T P is the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier, T H is the noise temperature of the first amplifier, T R is the noise temperature of the second amplifier, G P is the gain of the parametric amplifier, G I is the loss parameter of the cable in the connection between the parametric amplifier and the first amplifier, G H is the gain of the first amplifier, G R is the gain of the second amplifier, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and B is the bandwidth of the parametric amplifier.
6. The method of determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier as defined in claim 5, wherein determining a third relationship indicative of the noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship is:
7. The method for determining the operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier as defined in any one of claims 3 and 6, further comprising optimizing the third relationship to:
8. the method of determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier according to any one of claims 3 or 6, wherein the measuring to obtain the first power value and the second power value of the quantum-amplified link output signal when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier is active and inactive comprises:
And obtaining a plurality of first power values and a plurality of second power values of the output signal of the quantum amplification link when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work through a plurality of measurements.
9. The method of determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier as defined in claim 8, wherein the determining the operating noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value, and the third relationship comprises:
Obtaining a plurality of Y values based on a plurality of the first power values and a plurality of second power values;
Determining operating noise temperatures of a plurality of said parametric amplifiers based on said third relationship and a plurality of said Y values;
and determining the average value of the working noise temperatures of a plurality of the parametric amplifiers as the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifiers.
10. An apparatus for determining an operating noise temperature of a parametric amplifier, wherein the parametric amplifier is a first element in a quantum-amplified link, the apparatus comprising:
The system comprises a first model building module, a second model building module, a first parameter setting module and a second parameter setting module, wherein the first model building module is used for respectively presetting a first relation and a second relation between a first power and a second power of output signals corresponding to a quantum amplification link and fixed parameters of a first element and a second element existing in the quantum amplification link when a driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work;
A second model building module for determining a third relationship representing a noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first relationship and the second relationship, the third relationship being a function of the first power and the second power;
the measuring module is used for measuring and obtaining a first power value and a second power value of the quantum amplification link output signal when the driving signal of the parametric amplifier works and does not work;
and the determining module is used for determining the working noise temperature of the parametric amplifier based on the first power value, the second power value and the third relation.
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| CN119224448B (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2025-11-18 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | A system and method for measuring the equivalent noise temperature of a low-noise amplifier. |
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| WO2020211507A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Noise cancellation device and method |
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| CN104243070B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-03-15 | 南京航空航天大学 | Wireless channel real time simulator and its analogy method towards deep space communication |
| CN105187136A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Terahertz receiver noise temperature test system and method |
| CN110120792B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2024-07-16 | 本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司 | A quantum parametric amplifier |
| WO2020253292A1 (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Quantum parameter amplifier |
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| SU1633984A1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1994-11-30 | Научно-производственное объединение "Сатурн" | Method for determining equivalent noise temperature of amplifier input |
| WO2020211507A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-10-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Noise cancellation device and method |
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