CN116171814B - Efficient cultivation management method for 'ton and half grain' of wheat-corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management method, which relates to the field of crop cultivation technology. The present invention uses key technologies such as optimized matching of wheat-corn year-round production varieties, soil fertility improvement, tillage layer optimization, high-yield group construction, and precise water and fertilizer control, as well as supporting plant protection, mechanical operation and other technologies to stably achieve an annual per-acre yield of 1,500 kilograms or more, effectively driving the improvement of production capacity of large areas of medium and low-yield fields and significantly increasing grain yields.

Description

High-efficiency cultivation and management methods for wheat and corn "half a ton of grain"

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a wheat-corn "one and a half tons of grain" efficient cultivation and management method.

Background technique

"One and a half tons of grain" refers to the total yield of wheat and corn, two crops, planted in the same piece of farmland in a year, exceeding one and a half tons per mu. The areas in my country where wheat and corn are planted twice a year are the main grain producing areas. However, the precipitation distribution in the region is uneven and uncertain between years and seasons, and the soil in some areas has weak water storage and fertilizer retention capacity. Wheat production lacks key technologies for precise regulation, and the matching degree of water and fertilizer supply and demand is still low, resulting in low resource utilization efficiency and difficulty in continuously improving yields. Therefore, how to achieve precise matching of soil moisture and nutrient supply with wheat and corn demand, give full play to the high-yield potential of wheat and corn varieties, and significantly increase grain yields to achieve "one and a half tons of grain" is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management method, which can stably achieve an annual high yield of 1,500 kilograms or more per mu through precise control of water and fertilizer, and significantly increase production, quality and efficiency.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The present invention provides a wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management method, comprising the following steps:

Wheat season: When the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% or the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-40 cm soil layer is lower than 50% during the sowing period, irrigate with 300-450 cubic meters/hectare after sowing; irrigate with 500-700 cubic meters/hectare during the jointing stage, 400-500 cubic meters/hectare during the booting stage, and 400-500 cubic meters/hectare during the grain filling stage;

When the relative soil moisture content of the 0-20cm soil layer is greater than 60% during the sowing period but less than 70% at the 0-40cm soil layer, irrigate with 200-400, 500-700, 200-400, and 200-400 cubic meters per hectare before wintering, at the jointing stage, at the booting stage, and at the grain filling stage;

When the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm layer is greater than 70% during the sowing period, irrigate with 200-400, 400-500, and 400-500 cubic meters per hectare before wintering, during the jointing period, and after the flowering period, respectively;

For plots where the soil organic matter content in the 0-20cm soil layer is greater than 20g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is higher than 25mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 80-150mg/kg, and the wheat varieties planted are winter and/or semi-winter varieties with an average of more than or equal to 3 ears per plant, 750-900kg of compound fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 12-18-12-18-10-15 should be applied per hectare; for plots where the organic matter content is less than 20g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 10-25mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is higher than 150mg/kg, and the wheat varieties planted are semi-winter and/or spring varieties with an average of less than 3 ears per plant, 800-950kg of compound fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 - K2O} of 17-24-12-18-4-6 should be applied per hectare;

Corn season: measure the relative soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer during the sowing period, flaring period, silking period and grain filling period; when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the sowing period, irrigate with 300-450m3/hectare after sowing; when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the flaring period, silking period and grain filling period, irrigate with 300-450m3/hectare during the corresponding period;

For plots where the soil organic matter content in the 0-20cm soil layer is greater than 20g/kg, the available phosphorus content is higher than 25mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 80-150mg/kg, and the wheat variety planted in the previous crop was a winter and/or semi-winter variety with an average of more than or equal to 3 ears per plant, 750-900kg of mixed fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 25-30-8-12-10-15 should be applied per hectare; for plots where the organic matter content is less than 20g/kg, the available phosphorus content is 10-25mg/kg, and the available potassium content is higher than 150mg/kg, and the wheat variety planted in the previous crop was a semi-winter and/or spring variety with an average of less than 3 ears per plant, 750-900kg of mixed fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 25-30-10-15-6-10 should be applied per hectare.

Preferably, during the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing with water is performed. For plots with effective phosphorus content higher than 15 mg/kg, 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 28-35-0-4-8 and 200-250 kg of urea are applied per hectare; for plots with effective phosphorus content lower than 15 mg/kg, 60-80 kg of diammonium phosphate and 200-250 kg of urea are applied per hectare.

Preferably, 120-150 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ratio of 28-35-0-4-8 is applied at the corn tasseling stage and silking stage respectively.

Preferably, 45 to 75 kg of biological fertilizer is applied per hectare during the corn season.

More preferably, the biological fertilizer includes phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, or a composite biological fertilizer made from a mixture of the two.

Preferably, when the accumulated temperature before spring is 600-650°C, the wheat sowing rate is 2.25-3 million tons/hectare, and when the accumulated temperature before spring is 550-600°C, the wheat sowing rate is 3-3.75 million tons/hectare.

More preferably, 10 to 20 kilograms of biological fertilizer are added per hectare of wheat seeds.

More preferably, the biological fertilizer includes phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, or a composite biological fertilizer made from a mixture of the two.

Preferably, the sowing rate of high-yield corn hybrids with a single ear weight greater than 200 grams is 60,000 to 67,500 plants per hectare.

Preferably, the irrigation method is micro-irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

The efficient cultivation management method of the present invention can stably achieve an annual per-acre yield of 1,500 kilograms or more. Compared with traditional high-yield cultivation technology, the yield is increased by 8.5% to 23%, 15 to 30 workers are reduced per hectare, water use efficiency is increased by 11.2% to 20.6%, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 20.1%, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 5.3 to 11.2 percentage points. Compared with similar technologies at home and abroad (such as the "ton and a half field" technology for wheat and corn in the Guanzhong irrigation area), the efficient cultivation management method of the present invention increases yield by 5.2% to 14.9%, reduces 15 to 30 workers per hectare, reduces irrigation water consumption by 40 to 80 cubic meters, increases nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by 11.7 to 16.3%, increases phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate by 4 to 6 percentage points, increases per-acre income and saves about 200 yuan, and significantly increases yield, improves quality and increases efficiency.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management method, comprising the following steps:

Wheat season: when the relative soil moisture content of the 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% or the relative soil moisture content of the 0-40 cm soil layer is lower than 50% during the sowing period, the irrigation after sowing is preferably 300-450 m3/hectare; the irrigation during the jointing stage, booting stage, and grain filling stage is 500-700, 400-500, and 400-500 m3/hectare respectively; more preferably, the irrigation after sowing is preferably 350-400 m3/hectare; the irrigation during the jointing stage, booting stage, and grain filling stage is 500, 450, and 450 m3/hectare respectively;

When the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm layer is greater than 60% but the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-40 cm layer is lower than 70% during the sowing period, it is preferred to irrigate with 200-400, 500-700, 200-400, and 200-400 cubic meters/hectare before wintering, during the emergence and jointing stage, during the booting stage, and during the grain filling stage, respectively; it is more preferred to irrigate with 300, 600, 300, and 300 cubic meters/hectare before wintering, during the emergence and jointing stage, during the booting stage, and during the grain filling stage, respectively.

When the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm soil layer during the sowing period is greater than 70%, it is preferred to irrigate with 200-400, 400-500, and 400-500 cubic meters/hectare before wintering, during the jointing period, and after flowering, respectively; more preferably, it is preferred to irrigate with 300, 450, and 450 cubic meters/hectare before wintering, during the jointing period, and after flowering, respectively.

For plots with soil organic matter content greater than 20 g/kg, effective phosphorus content greater than 25 mg/kg, and available potassium content of 80-150 mg/kg in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and winter and/or semi-winter varieties with an average of 3 or more ears per plant, 750-900 kg of N- _P2O5 - _K2O compound fertilizer of 12-18-12-18-10-15 is preferably applied per hectare; more preferably, 800-850 kg of N- _{P2O5 - K2O} compound fertilizer of 15-14-12 is applied per hectare; for plots with organic matter content less than 20 g/kg, effective phosphorus content of 10-25 mg/kg, and available potassium content greater than 150 mg/kg, and semi-winter and _/ or semi-spring varieties with an average of less than 3 ears per plant are planted, 750-900 kg of N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer of 12-18-12-18-10-15 is preferably applied per hectare; more preferably, 800-850 kg of N- _{P2O5 - K2O} compound fertilizer of 15-14-12 is applied per hectare. 800-950 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P ₂ O _{5 -K 2 O of 17-24-12-18-4-6 is applied per hectare; more preferably, 850-900 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P 2 O 5} -K ₂ O of 20-15-5 is applied per hectare.

Corn season: measure the relative soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer during the sowing period, the flaring period, the silking period and the grain filling period; when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the sowing period, preferably irrigate with 300-450 cubic meters/hectare of water after sowing; when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the flaring period, the silking period and the grain filling period, preferably irrigate with 300-450 cubic meters/hectare of water in the corresponding period; more preferably, when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the sowing period, irrigate with 400 cubic meters/hectare of water after sowing; when the relative soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer is lower than 60% during the flaring period, the silking period and the grain filling period, preferably irrigate with 400 cubic meters/hectare of water in the corresponding period.

For plots with soil organic matter content greater than 20 g/kg, effective phosphorus content greater than 25 mg/kg, and available potassium content of 80-150 mg/kg in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and the wheat variety planted in the previous crop is a winter and/or semi-winter variety with an average of more than 3 ears per plant, 750-900 kg of mixed fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 - K2O} of 25-30-8-12-10-15 should be applied per hectare, and more preferably, 800-850 kg of mixed fertilizer with N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 28-9-12 should be applied per hectare; for plots with organic matter content less than 20 g/kg, effective phosphorus content of 10-25 mg/kg, and available potassium content greater than 150 mg/kg, and the wheat variety planted in the previous crop is a semi-winter and/or spring variety with an average of less than 3 ears per plant, N- _{P2O5 -K2O of} 25-30-8-12-10-15 should be applied per hectare. Preferably, 750-900 kg of a mixed fertilizer with N-P ₂ O 5 -K 2 O of 25-30-10-15-6-10 is applied per hectare, and more preferably, 800-850 kg of a mixed fertilizer with N-P 2 O ₅ -K ₂ O of 30-10-8 is applied per hectare.

In the present invention, topdressing with water during the jointing stage of wheat is preferably performed on the plots with effective phosphorus content higher than 15 mg/kg, and preferably 60-80 kg of N- _{P2O5 - K2O} compound fertilizer and 200-250 kg of urea are topdressed per hectare, and more preferably 75 kg of N- _{P2O5 - K2O} compound fertilizer and 225 kg _{of urea are topdressed per hectare; wherein the N-P2O5-K2O compound fertilizer} is 30-0-5 or a compound fertilizer with a similar formula; and for the plots with effective phosphorus content lower than 15 mg/kg, preferably 60-80 kg of diammonium phosphate and 200-250 kg of urea are topdressed per hectare, and more preferably 75 kg of diammonium phosphate and 225 kg of urea are topdressed per hectare.

In the present invention, preferably, 120-150 kg of N- _P2O5 - _K2O compound fertilizer is applied at the corn tasseling stage and silking stage respectively, and more preferably, 130-140 kg of N- _{P2O5 - K2O} compound fertilizer is applied at the corn tasseling stage and silking stage respectively; wherein _{the N-P2O5 - K2O compound} fertilizer applied is 30-0-5 or a compound fertilizer with a similar formula.

In the present invention, preferably 45-75 kg of biological fertilizer is applied per hectare during the corn season, and more preferably 50-70 kg of biological fertilizer is applied per hectare.

In the present invention, the biological fertilizer preferably includes phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, or a composite biological fertilizer made by mixing the two.

In the present invention, when the accumulated temperature before spring is 600-650°C, the wheat sowing amount is preferably 2.25-3 million/hectare, when the accumulated temperature before spring is 550-600°C, the wheat sowing amount is 3 million-3.75 million/hectare, more preferably, when the accumulated temperature before spring is 600-650°C, the wheat sowing amount is 2.5 million-2.8 million/hectare, when the accumulated temperature before spring is 550-600°C, the wheat sowing amount is 3.25-3.55 million/hectare. In the present invention, the accumulated temperature before spring refers to the accumulated temperature above 0°C from sowing to the end of February of the following year.

In the present invention, preferably 10 to 20 kg of biological fertilizer is added per hectare of wheat seeds, and more preferably, 15 kg of biological fertilizer is added per hectare of wheat seeds.

In the present invention, the biological fertilizer preferably includes phosphate- and potassium-dissolving bacteria fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, or a composite biological fertilizer made by mixing the two.

In the present invention, the high-yield corn hybrid with a single ear weight of more than 200 grams is preferably sown at a rate of 60,000 to 67,500 plants/hectare, and more preferably at a rate of 62,500 to 65,500 plants/hectare. In the present invention, as an practicable method, the high-yield corn hybrid with a single ear weight of about 150 to 180 grams is preferably sown at a rate of 82,500 to 90,000 plants/hectare and 75,000 to 82,500 plants/hectare in plots with soil organic matter content higher than and lower than 20 g/kg, respectively.

In the present invention, the irrigation method is micro-irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. In the present invention, micro-irrigation refers to an irrigation method that delivers water and nutrients required for crop growth to the soil near the roots of crops at a relatively small flow rate, evenly and accurately, through a pipeline system and an emitter installed on the final pipeline according to crop needs. The present invention uses micro-irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to achieve the effect of efficient water saving.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a high-standard farmland is selected with flat land, deep arable layer, fertile soil without obvious obstacles, complete field irrigation and drainage facilities, high irrigation and drainage guarantee, and supporting roads, forests, electricity, etc. The soil texture is preferably loam, and the soil fertility should generally be improved by "returning straw to the field + applying organic fertilizer" for more than three years.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to optimize the matching of wheat and corn varieties according to the annual light and heat conditions: specifically, the following steps are included: (1) in areas where the accumulated temperature is ≥10°C throughout the year and is 4500°C to 5000°C, and the accumulated temperature above 0°C from December to February of the following year is lower than 180°C, select high-yield winter wheat varieties with a potential of 6.75 million to 8.25 million ears per hectare and corn hybrids with a high-yield potential of 90,000 plants per hectare with dense planting; (2) in areas where the accumulated temperature is ≥10°C throughout the year and is 4200°C to 4500°C or the accumulated temperature above 0°C from December to February of the following year is higher than 180°C, select high-yield winter wheat varieties with a potential of about 6.75 million ears per hectare and a single ear weight of about 1.7 to 2.0 grams and high-yield corn hybrids with a yield potential of more than 900 kilograms per hectare.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the wheat needs to be plowed 20 to 25 cm before sowing to bury the straw and organic fertilizer; after plowing, rotary tillage is performed 1 to 2 times; as another feasible method, a wheat combined precision tillage and seeding machine can be used to directly sow after plowing and rotary tillage once.

In the present invention, as an practicable method, foliar fertilizer is sprayed 3 to 4 times in combination with pest and disease control from wheat heading to about 21 days after flowering.

In the present invention, as an implementable method, at 10:00 a.m. on the day when high temperature is predicted in the middle and late stages of wheat filling, a wheat-specific micro-spraying belt can be used to spray 60 to 90 cubic meters per hectare of water to increase humidity and reduce temperature and prevent damage from dry hot winds.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, stubble removal and rotary tillage are required 1 to 2 times before corn sowing.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the land is prepared and sown immediately after wheat is harvested, and is generally completed before June 15. As an practicable method, a corn single-grain precision seeder with a layered fertilization function is selected for sowing.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, during the corn silking period, drone-assisted pollination is used from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. every day for five consecutive days to effectively resist high temperature hazards.

The wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management technology of the present invention has been promoted and applied in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and other places since 2019. The actual yield measurement results of experts at multiple locations over the years are as follows:

1. In 2019, at the Yueyang Cooperative Base in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, wheat and corn yields were 828.7 and 753.22 kg/mu respectively;

2. In 2020, in Laogongguanzhuang Village, Mazhuang Town, Daiyue District, Tai'an City, the yields of wheat and corn were 820.21 and 906.55 kg/mu respectively;

3. In 2021, at the Yueyang Cooperative Base in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, wheat and corn yields were 826.8 and 805.38 kg/mu respectively;

4. In 2022, in Dali Village, Xindian Town, Yucheng City, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, wheat and corn were 816.7 and 956.58 kg/mu respectively;

5. In 2022, at Huayin Farm in Huayin City, Shaanxi Province, wheat and corn yields were 848.92 and 723.5 kg/mu respectively;

6. In 2022, in Liangma Village, Wugong County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, the yields of wheat and corn were 715.72 and 802.6 kg per mu respectively.

The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example 1

A wheat-corn "ton and a half grain" efficient cultivation and management method comprises the following steps:

1. Plot selection and soil fertility improvement

In 2019-2020, in the Yueyang Crop Professional Cooperative in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, where the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃ throughout the year and the temperature is 4694.2℃, the cooperative selected loamy soil and used "returning straw to the field + applying organic fertilizer" to improve soil fertility for three consecutive years. Every year, the straw was crushed and returned to the field immediately after the wheat and corn were harvested, and 15 tons of organic fertilizer were applied per hectare. In 2019, the straw was returned to the field immediately after the previous corn was harvested, and 15 tons of organic fertilizer were applied per hectare.

(II) Optimizing the matching of wheat and corn varieties according to annual light and heat conditions

The local accumulated temperature ≥10℃ throughout the year is 4694.2℃, and the accumulated temperature above 0℃ from December to February of the following year is 150.2℃. The high-yield winter wheat variety Shannong 30 and the high-yield corn hybrid Denghai 605 were selected.

(III) Optimizing the tillage layer, building high-yield colonies, and precisely regulating water and fertilizer

1. Wheat season (700-800kg/mu)

(1) Bury the straw: Plough the soil to 25 cm to bury the straw and organic fertilizer; rotary till the soil once after ploughing.

(2) Fine application of base fertilizer: The available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the selected plot were 51.2 and 127.0 mg/kg, respectively. 750 kg of compound fertilizer with NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O of 15-15-15 was applied per hectare.

(3) High-quality sowing:

① The sowing period is October 15, 2019, and the accumulated temperature before spring is about 620℃.

② The basic planting density is 2.7 million seedlings per hectare.

③ When sowing the same strains of bacteria, add 15 kg of "Juwei" biological phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (silicate bacterial agent) produced by Hebei Juwei Microbiology Engineering Co., Ltd. per hectare and mix with the seeds for sowing.

④ Combined tillage and sowing, using the "220 Vertical Rotary Land Preparation and Double Suppression Wheat Precision Seeder" produced by Weifang Hammer Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd., to complete the "rotary tillage + base fertilizer application + pre-sowing suppression + sowing + suppression" operation procedures in one go.

(4) Supplementary irrigation according to soil moisture:

① Use the wheat-specific micro-spray tape produced by Shandong Donghe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. to implement precision irrigation.

② The relative water content of the soil in the 0-20cm and 0-40cm layers of the planting plots during the sowing period was 45.0% and 48.5% respectively. Therefore, immediately after sowing, a special micro-spray belt for wheat was used to irrigate 450 cubic meters/hectare of water, and 600, 450, and 450 cubic meters/hectare of water were irrigated during the jointing stage, booting stage, and grain filling stage respectively;

(5) Integration of water and fertilizer: Apply fertilizer along with water during the jointing stage. Apply 75 kg of NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O 30-0-5 compound fertilizer and 225 kg of urea per hectare.

(6) Foliar fertilization: From the time of heading to 21 days after flowering, spray foliar fertilizer 3 to 4 times in combination with pest and disease control.

(7) Prevent damage caused by dry hot winds: When high temperatures are forecast in the middle and late stages of wheat filling, use a special wheat micro-spraying belt to spray water at 10:00 a.m., 60 cubic meters per hectare each time, for a total of two sprays.

2. Corn season (750-900kg/mu)

(1) Stubble removing and rotary tillage: remove the stubble and rotary tillage once.

(2) Fine application of base fertilizer:

①Apply 900 kg of NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O 28-9-12 humic acid controlled-release blended fertilizer per hectare.

② Apply 45 to 75 kg of "Juwei" biological phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (silicate bacterial agent) produced by Hebei Juwei Microbiology Engineering Co., Ltd. per hectare.

(3) High-quality sowing:

① During the sowing period, after wheat is harvested and the straw is crushed and returned to the field, sowing is carried out on June 15th.

②The basic planting density is 85,000 seedlings per hectare.

③ For single-grain precision sowing, use the Xinghua Wugufeng 2BYMSF-4 corn deep loosening and stratification fertilization seeder produced by Hebei Xinghua Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.

(4) Supplementary irrigation according to soil moisture:

① Use the wheat-specific micro-spray tape produced by Shandong Donghe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. to implement precision irrigation.

② The relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm layer during the sowing period was 30.8%, so immediately after sowing, a special micro-sprinkler belt for wheat was used to irrigate with 450 cubic meters per hectare of water; the relative moisture content of the soil in the 0-20 cm layer during the trumpet mouth, silking period and filling period was 57.9%, 50.6% and 53.1% respectively, and 450 cubic meters per hectare of water was irrigated each time.

(5) Integration of water and fertilizer: During the corn tasseling and silking stages, apply 150 kg of NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O 30-0-5 compound fertilizer per hectare along with water.

(6) Assisted pollination: During the silking period of corn, drone-assisted pollination is used from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. every day for five consecutive days.

Comparative Example 1

Traditional high-yield cultivation technology

(I) Winter wheat production (500-600kg/mu)

1. Use deep tillage technology every other year, with a tillage depth of more than 25 cm.

2. Generally, 210-240 kg of pure nitrogen, 105-120 kg of P ₂ O ₅ and 90-120 kg of K ₂ O are applied per hectare. For zinc-deficient plots, 15-30 kg of zinc sulfate is applied per hectare. Nitrogen fertilizer basal application generally accounts for 50% of the total amount used during the whole growth period, and other fertilizers can be applied as basal application.

3. Water the plants before winter. When the average daily temperature is 0-3℃ and the soil is frozen during the day and at night, water the plants over the winter. Generally, 750 cubic meters per hectare should be used.

4. Water the plants in spring, 750 cubic meters per hectare.

(II) Summer corn production (500-600kg/mu)

1. Choose varieties with relatively long maturity period, tolerance to dense planting, strong resistance and suitable for machine harvesting, such as Denghai 605, Xianyu 335, etc.

2. Immediately after wheat is harvested, sow the seeds next to the stubble. Use a single seed drill to complete sowing and base fertilizer application at one time, with a spacing of about 8 cm between seeds and fertilizers.

3. Generally, 52,500 to 67,500 seedlings are left per hectare, and 67,500 to 78,000 seedlings are left per hectare for compact and dense-tolerant varieties.

4. For base fertilizer, apply 180-225 kg of diammonium phosphate, 150-240 kg of urea, 225-300 kg of potassium fertilizer, or 625-450 kg of compound fertilizer per hectare.

5. During the tasseling stage of corn, apply 375 to 450 kg of urea per hectare and water the corn after applying fertilizer.

Comparative Example 2

The "one-and-a-half-ton field" technology for wheat and corn in Guanzhong irrigation area

(I) Winter wheat production (680-750kg/mu)

1. Select varieties: Choose winter wheat varieties with high quality, high yield, water saving, cold resistance, disease resistance, and high tillering and ear formation rate, such as Zhongmai 895, Nongda 1108, Weilong 169, Xinong 822, Zhongmai 578, Xinong 511, etc.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: 4000kg/mu of farm organic fertilizer, or 400-500kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer, 65-80kg/mu of slow-release chemical fertilizer (22-17-5), and 4-5kg/mu of micro-fertilizer.

3. Suitable sowing period: October 12-22. If the sowing period is late, the sowing amount can be increased appropriately.

4. Appropriate sowing amount: During the appropriate sowing period, determine the sowing amount according to 200,000-240,000 basic seedlings per mu.

5. Early winter irrigation: Water the crops for winter from late November to mid-December, with a watering rate of 80-100m ³ /mu.

6. Timely spring irrigation: Spring irrigation should be carried out during the emergence period, with an irrigation volume of no less than ^60m3 /mu.

7. Appropriate topdressing: Apply 4.0-5.0 kg/mu of pure nitrogen (N) during watering or rainfall from the greening stage to the jointing stage.

(II) Summer corn production (750-800kg/mu)

1. Select high-yield and dense-resistant varieties: Select corn varieties that are high-yield (yield potential of more than 900kg/mu), dense-resistant (5000-5500 plants/mu), resistant to lodging (will not lodge under dense planting conditions), resistant to diseases (resistant to stem rot, large and small spot diseases, ear rot and other major diseases) and have a wide range of adaptability.

2. Reasonable density: 4800-5300 seedlings per mu. The planting density can be increased to 500-700 plants/mu on plots with good soil fertility. The sowing amount is determined by the density. The number of seeds sown with precision sowing should be 10-15% more than the determined appropriate seedling density.

3. Scientific fertilization: Apply pure N18-20kg, _{P2O5 8-10kg} , _K2O8-10kg per mu. Use one-time layered mechanical fertilization and select slow-release formula fertilizer specially for corn.

4. Irrigation during drought and drainage during flood: If the soil moisture is insufficient during sowing, timely watering should be applied after sowing. If there is water accumulation due to heavy rain during the seedling stage, drainage should be carried out in time; if there is drought during the booting to filling stage, irrigation should be carried out in time to avoid serious yield reduction due to drought.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high-efficiency cultivation and management method for 'ton and half grain' of wheat-corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Wheat season: the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the sowing time of 0-20 cm is lower than 60 percent or the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the soil layer thickness of 0-40 cm is lower than 50 percent, and 300-450 cubic meters per hectare of water is irrigated after sowing; respectively irrigating 500-700, 400-500 and 400-500 cubic meters per hectare in the period of rising and jointing, booting and grouting;

when the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the sowing time of 0-20 cm is more than 60 percent but the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the sowing time of 0-40 cm is less than 70 percent, respectively irrigating 200-400, 500-700, 200-400 and 200-400 cubic meters per hectare before overwintering, in the lifting and jointing period, in the booting period and in the grouting period;

when the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the sowing time of 0-20 cm is more than 70%, respectively irrigating 200-400, 400-500 and 400-500 cubic meters per hectare before overwintering, in the jointing period and in the finishing period;

Soil organic matter content of 0-20 cm soil layer is greater than 20g/kg, effective phosphorus content is higher than 25mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is 80-150 mg/kg, and when planted wheat varieties are winter and/or semi-winter varieties with average single plant spike formation being greater than or equal to 3, N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O is applied at the bottom of each hectare to be 12-18-10-15 compound fertilizer with 750-900 kg; when the organic matter content is lower than 20g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 10-25 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is higher than 150mg/kg, and the planted wheat varieties are semi-winter and/or spring varieties with average single plant spike formation less than 3, 800-950 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O of 17-24-12-18-4-6 is applied at the bottom of each hectare;

Corn season: measuring the relative water content of soil in the soil layer with the thickness of 0-20 cm in the sowing period, the large bell mouth period, the spinning period and the grouting period; when the relative water content of soil in a soil layer with the sowing time of 0-20 cm is lower than 60%, 300-450 cubic meters per hectare is irrigated after sowing; when the relative water content of soil in soil layers with the large bell mouth, the spinning period and the grouting period of 0-20 cm is lower than 60%, 300-450 cubic meters per hectare are irrigated in corresponding periods;

Soil organic matter content of 0-20 cm soil layer is greater than 20g/kg, effective phosphorus content is higher than 25mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content is 80-150 mg/kg, and when wheat variety planted in previous crop is winter and/or semi winter variety with average single plant spike more than or equal to 3, 750-900 kg of blended fertilizer with N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O of 25-30-8-12-10-15 is applied at the bottom of each hectare; when the organic matter content is lower than 20g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 10-25 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is higher than 150mg/kg, and the wheat variety planted in the previous crop is semi-winter and/or spring variety with average single plant spike less than 3, 750-900 kg of the blending fertilizer with N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O of 25-30-10-15-6-10 is applied at the bottom of each hectare;

The wheat seeding rate is 225-300 ten thousand per hectare when the temperature of the accumulated wheat before spring is 600-650 ℃, and the wheat seeding rate is 300-375 ten thousand per hectare when the temperature of the accumulated wheat before spring is 550-600 ℃.

2. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O of 28-35-0-4-8 and 200-250 kg of urea are applied to plots with the effective phosphorus content higher than 15mg/kg per hectare along with water topdressing in the wheat jointing period; land plots with available phosphorus lower than 15mg/kg, 60-80 kg of diammonium and 200-250 kg of urea are applied per hectare.

3. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein 120-150 kg of compound fertilizer with N-P ₂O₅—K₂ O of 28-35-0-4-8 is applied to the big horn mouth and the laying period of corn respectively.

4. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein the biological bacterial fertilizer is applied in an amount of 45-75 kg per hectare in corn season.

5. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 4, wherein the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises a phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacterial fertilizer, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer or a composite biological bacterial fertilizer prepared by compounding and mixing the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacterial fertilizer and the nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer.

6. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein 10-20 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer is added per hectare of wheat seeds.

7. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 6, wherein the biological bacterial fertilizer comprises a phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacterial fertilizer, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer or a composite biological bacterial fertilizer prepared by compounding and mixing the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacterial fertilizer and the nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer.

8. The efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of Shan Suili g of high-yield corn hybrid seeds with a weight of more than 200 g is 6 ten thousand to 6.75 ten thousand plants per hectare.

9. An efficient cultivation and management method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation mode is micro irrigation or sprinkling irrigation.