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CN116169366A - Solid-state lithium battery, preparation method thereof and electric equipment - Google Patents

Solid-state lithium battery, preparation method thereof and electric equipment Download PDF

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CN116169366A
CN116169366A CN202211680855.4A CN202211680855A CN116169366A CN 116169366 A CN116169366 A CN 116169366A CN 202211680855 A CN202211680855 A CN 202211680855A CN 116169366 A CN116169366 A CN 116169366A
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lithium
solid electrolyte
negative electrode
solvent
parts
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马洪运
邱传洲
孟鑫
陈超
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Lishen Qingdao New Energy Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
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    • H01M2300/0094Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a solid-state lithium battery, a preparation method thereof and electric equipment. The solid lithium battery comprises a positive electrode plate, a high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte, a lithium-philic solid electrolyte and a negative electrode plate; the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive electrode plate in situ; the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode plate in situ. According to the method, the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte and the lithium-philic solid electrolyte are respectively formed on the surfaces of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in situ, the ion conducting channel is formed on the interfaces of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in situ, the interface impedance is reduced, and the circularity and the stability of the battery are improved.

Description

Solid-state lithium battery, preparation method thereof and electric equipment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a solid-state lithium battery, a preparation method thereof and electric equipment.
Background
Solid-state lithium batteries have been widely studied for their advantages of high safety, high energy density, wide use temperature, long cycle life, etc., and conventional liquid electrolytes present the risk of explosion and fire, and in all-solid batteries, there is no liquid flammable electrolyte present, so they have high energy density and high safety. The lithium ion battery is expected to replace the traditional lithium ion battery to become the next generation electrochemical energy storage device. The solid electrolyte refers to a substance having lithium ion conductive properties that exists as a solid at room temperature, and the requirements for the solid electrolyte are: (1) has higher lithium ion conductivity; (2) excellent oxidation-reduction resistance and wide electrochemical window; (3) excellent chemical stability; (4) Does not have side reaction with anode and cathode materials and has low interface resistance.
The electrolyte with stable high voltage is easy to be reduced, the electrolyte with stable low voltage is easy to be oxidized by the high voltage positive electrode, so far, no single solid electrolyte can simultaneously meet the stability requirement of the surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, namely, the electrolyte cannot simultaneously be compatible with the positive electrode materials with high voltage, such as positive electrode materials of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese base and the like, and the metal lithium negative electrode with low potential.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a solid lithium battery, a preparation method thereof and electric equipment, wherein the solid lithium battery is provided with a double-layer solid electrolyte, the high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte is matched with an anode, and the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is matched with a cathode, so that the double-layer solid electrolyte has a wider electrochemical window and more stable cycle performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solid lithium battery comprises a positive electrode plate, a high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte, a lithium-philic solid electrolyte and a negative electrode plate; the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive electrode plate in situ; the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode plate in situ.
The high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-20 parts of inorganic filler, 10-90 parts of high-pressure resistant polymer matrix, 5-40 parts of first lithium salt and 5-50 parts of high-pressure resistant organic solvent;
preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of inorganic filler, 30-40 parts of high-pressure resistant polymer matrix, 5-30 parts of first lithium salt and 30-45 parts of high-pressure resistant organic solvent.
The inorganic filler is one or more of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate, lithium aluminum germanium phosphate, lithium lanthanum titanium oxide, aluminum doped lithium lanthanum titanium oxide, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, aluminum doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, tantalum doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, niobium doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide;
preferably, the high pressure resistant polymer matrix is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinyl carbonate, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer or polyfluorocarbon ethylene ester;
preferably, the high-pressure resistant organic solvent is one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or nitrile compound;
preferably, the first lithium salt is one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide.
The lithium-philic solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-95 parts of a lithium-philic polymer matrix and 5-70 parts of a second lithium salt;
30-90 parts of a lithium-philic polymer matrix and 10 parts of a second lithium salt;
preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte consists of the following components in parts by mass: 10-95 parts of a lithium-philic polymer matrix and 5-70 parts of a second lithium salt.
The lithium-philic polymer matrix comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide, polypropylene carbonate, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether, polyacrylamide, poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol;
preferably, the second lithium salt is one or a mixture of more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide.
The positive electrode plate is an electrode plate formed by coating a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector;
preferably, the positive active material is one or more of lithium cobaltate, lithium-rich manganese-based material, nickel cobalt lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate;
preferably, the positive current collector comprises an alloy of one or more of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium;
preferably, the positive electrode current collector includes an irregular coating layer on a surface thereof;
preferably, the positive current collector is one or more of a film, sheet, foil, mesh, porous structure or foam structure;
preferably, the negative electrode plate is an electrode plate with a negative electrode active material coated on a negative electrode current collector, or a negative electrode current collector without a negative electrode active material;
preferably, the negative electrode active material is one or more of natural graphite, artificial graphite, silicon oxide, lithium metal or lithium alloy;
preferably, the negative current collector comprises an alloy of one or more components of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel or titanium;
preferably, the negative electrode current collector includes an irregular coating on its surface;
preferably, the negative current collector is one or a combination of more of a film, sheet, foil, mesh, porous structure or foam structure.
The high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive electrode plate in situ by the following method: dispersing raw material components of the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte in a first solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; then, pouring the mixed colloid on a die taking the positive electrode plate as a substrate, and forming the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte on the positive electrode plate in situ after the first solvent volatilizes; preferably, the first solvent is one or more of acetonitrile, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acetone;
preferably, the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive electrode plate;
preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed in situ on the negative electrode sheet by: dispersing a lithium-philic solid electrolyte raw material in a second solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; then, pouring the mixed colloid on a die taking the negative electrode plate as a substrate, and forming the lithium-philic solid electrolyte on the negative electrode plate in situ after the second solvent is exerted; preferably, the second solvent is one or more of acetonitrile, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acetone;
preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is coated on the negative electrode plate;
preferably, the first solvent or the second solvent volatilizes in a manner of heating and drying under vacuum or heating and drying under inert atmosphere;
preferably, the heating temperature is 30-80 ℃, preferably, the heating temperature is 45-60 ℃;
preferably, the drying time is 3-24 hours, preferably, the drying time is 12 hours.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the solid-state lithium battery, which comprises the following steps:
1) Forming a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte on the positive electrode plate in situ;
2) The lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode plate in situ;
3) Assembling the products obtained in the step 1) and the step 2) to obtain the solid-state lithium battery.
Step 1) comprises: dispersing raw material components of the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte in a first solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; then, pouring the mixed colloid on a die taking the positive electrode plate as a substrate, and forming the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte on the positive electrode plate in situ after the first solvent volatilizes; preferably, the first solvent is one or more of acetonitrile, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acetone;
preferably, the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive electrode plate;
preferably, step 2) comprises: dispersing a lithium-philic solid electrolyte raw material in a second solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; then, pouring the mixed colloid on a die taking the negative electrode plate as a substrate, and forming the lithium-philic solid electrolyte on the negative electrode plate in situ after the second solvent is exerted; preferably, the second solvent is one or more of acetonitrile, N-methyl pyrrolidone and acetone;
preferably, the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive electrode plate;
preferably, the volatilization mode of the first solvent and the second solvent comprises heating and drying under vacuum condition or heating and drying under inert atmosphere;
preferably, the heating temperature is 30-80 ℃, preferably, the heating temperature is 45-60 ℃;
preferably, the drying time is 3-24 hours, preferably, the drying time is 12 hours.
The invention also comprises electric equipment and uses the solid-state lithium battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the surfaces of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the solid lithium battery respectively form the high-pressure resistant solid electrolyte and the lithium-philic solid electrolyte in situ, and the interfaces of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate form ion conducting channels in situ, so that the interface impedance is reduced, and the circularity and the stability of the battery are improved.
The preparation method of the solid-state lithium battery provided by the invention has the advantages that the solid electrolyte is formed on the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in situ, the preparation process is simple, the solid-state lithium battery is suitable for large-scale production, and a new development direction is brought for the development of the solid-state battery in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of comparative example 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing cycle performance of example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1: a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a positive electrode plate: mixing lithium cobaltate, acetylene black, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to the mass ratio of 90:3:4:3, adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully grinding for 30min, uniformly coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, then vacuum drying the mixture at 90 ℃ for 10h, and rolling the mixture to obtain the positive electrode plate.
(2) Preparing a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate: mixing polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide and fluoroethylene carbonate according to a mass ratio of 30:15:10:45, adding 100mL of acetonitrile solvent, uniformly mixing, continuously stirring for 5 hours at 30 ℃, pouring colloid into a die taking the positive electrode plate obtained in the step (1) as a substrate, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate;
(3) Preparation of a lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode piece: and (3) dissolving poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide in the mass ratio of 3:1 in N-methylpyrrolidone, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold with copper foil as a substrate, and vacuum drying at 45 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode plate.
(4) And placing a lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode sheet coated by a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte into the positive electrode shell, attaching a lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode sheet above the positive electrode sheet, hot-pressing for 300 seconds at 60 ℃ and 0.6MPa, placing an elastic sheet and a gasket, assembling the solid lithium battery in an inert atmosphere, and aging for 10 hours at 60 ℃, wherein the cycle performance of the solid lithium battery prepared in the embodiment is detected as shown in figure 3. Test conditions: the current is 0.1C and the voltage is in the range of 3.0V-4.4V.
The mode of the embodiment in the application is that a form of a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is arranged on one side of a positive electrode plate, and a lithium-philic solid electrolyte is arranged on one side of a negative electrode plate is shown in fig. 1; the mode is more suitable for button cells, and for soft package cells, the mode that high-voltage resistant solid electrolytes are arranged on both sides of the positive electrode plate, and lithium-philic solid electrolytes are arranged on both sides of the negative electrode plate can be adopted;
this application is illustrated in the form of a side set-up in fig. 1.
Example 2: a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a positive electrode plate: mixing lithium cobaltate, acetylene black, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and PVDF according to the mass ratio of 90:3:4:3, adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully grinding for 30min, uniformly coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, then vacuum drying at 90 ℃ for 10h, and rolling to obtain the positive pole piece.
(2) Preparing a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate: mixing poly fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, titanium dioxide and fluoroethylene carbonate according to a mass ratio of 40:5:10:45, adding 100mL of acetonitrile solvent, uniformly mixing, continuously stirring for 5 hours at 30 ℃, pouring colloid into a die taking a positive electrode plate as a substrate, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ in an inert atmosphere to obtain the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate.
(3) Preparation of a lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode piece: and (3) dissolving polyethylene oxide and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide in N-methylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 5:1, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold taking copper foil as a substrate, and vacuum drying for 24 hours at 45 ℃ to obtain the lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode plate.
(4) A lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode sheet coated by high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is placed in a positive electrode shell, a negative electrode sheet coated by lithium-philic solid electrolyte is attached above the positive electrode sheet, an elastic sheet and a gasket are placed after hot pressing for 300 seconds at 60 ℃ and 0.6MPa, a solid lithium battery is assembled in an inert atmosphere, and then aging is carried out for 10 hours at 60 ℃, so that the cycle performance of the solid lithium battery prepared in the embodiment is detected as shown in figure 1. Test conditions: the current is 0.1C and the voltage is in the range of 3.0V-4.4V.
Example 3: a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a positive electrode plate: mixing lithium cobaltate, acetylene black, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and PVDF according to the mass ratio of 90:3:4:3, adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully grinding for 30min, uniformly coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, then vacuum drying at 90 ℃ for 10h, and rolling to obtain the positive pole piece.
(2) Preparing a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate: mixing polystyrene, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium titanium aluminum phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate according to a mass ratio of 35:25:10:30, adding 100mL of acetonitrile solvent, continuously stirring at 30 ℃ for 5 hours, pouring the colloid into a die taking the positive electrode plate as a substrate, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate.
(3) Preparation of a lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode piece: and (3) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide in N-methylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 7:1, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold taking copper foil as a substrate, and vacuum drying for 24 hours at 45 ℃ to obtain the lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode plate.
(4) A lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode sheet coated by high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is placed in a positive electrode shell, a negative electrode sheet coated by lithium-philic solid electrolyte is attached above the positive electrode sheet, an elastic sheet and a gasket are placed after hot pressing for 300 seconds at 60 ℃ and 0.6MPa, a solid lithium battery is assembled in an inert atmosphere, and then aging is carried out for 10 hours at 60 ℃, so that the cycle performance of the solid lithium battery prepared in the embodiment is detected as shown in figure 1. Test conditions: the current is 0.1C and the voltage is in the range of 3.0V-4.4V.
Example 4: a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a positive electrode plate: mixing lithium cobaltate, acetylene black, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and PVDF according to the mass ratio of 90:3:4:3, adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully grinding for 30min, uniformly coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, then vacuum drying at 90 ℃ for 10h, and rolling to obtain the positive pole piece.
(2) Preparing a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate: mixing polyvinyl carbonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium titanium aluminum phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate according to a mass ratio of 30:30:5:35, adding 100mL of acetonitrile solvent, continuously stirring at 30 ℃ for 5 hours, pouring the colloid into a die taking the positive electrode plate as a substrate, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte coated positive electrode plate.
(3) Preparation of a lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode piece: and (3) dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide in N-methylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 9:1, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the mixed solution into a mold taking copper foil as a substrate, and vacuum drying for 24 hours at 45 ℃ to obtain the lithium-philic solid electrolyte coated negative electrode plate.
(4) A lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode sheet coated by high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is placed in a positive electrode shell, a negative electrode sheet coated by lithium-philic solid electrolyte is attached above the positive electrode sheet, an elastic sheet and a gasket are placed after hot pressing for 300 seconds at 60 ℃ and 0.6MPa, a solid lithium battery is assembled in an inert atmosphere, and then aging is carried out for 10 hours at 60 ℃, so that the cycle performance of the solid lithium battery prepared in the embodiment is detected as shown in figure 1. Test conditions: the current is 0.1C and the voltage is in the range of 3.0V-4.4V.
Comparative example 1: a preparation method of a solid-state lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a positive electrode plate: mixing lithium cobaltate, acetylene black, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and PVDF according to the mass ratio of 90:3:4:3, adding an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent, fully grinding for 30min, uniformly coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, then vacuum drying at 90 ℃ for 10h, and rolling to obtain the positive pole piece.
(2) Preparation of high-pressure resistant solid electrolyte: mixing polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide and fluoroethylene carbonate according to a mass ratio of 30:15:10:45, adding 100mL of acetonitrile solvent, continuously stirring at 30 ℃ for 5 hours, pouring the colloid into a mold, and drying at 50 ℃ for 12 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte.
(3) Preparation of a lithium-philic solid electrolyte: and (3) dissolving poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide in the mass ratio of 3:1 in N-methylpyrrolidone, stirring for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, pouring the colloid into a mold, and drying at 50 ℃ for 24 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain the lithium-philic solid electrolyte.
(4) And sequentially placing a lithium cobaltate positive electrode plate, a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte, a lithium philic solid electrolyte and a negative electrode plate in a positive electrode shell, hot-pressing for 300 seconds at 60 ℃ under 0.6MPa, then placing an elastic sheet and a gasket, placing the elastic sheet and the gasket, assembling the solid lithium battery in an inert atmosphere, then aging for 10 hours at 60 ℃, and detecting the cycle performance of the solid lithium battery prepared in the comparative example as shown in figure 3. Test conditions: the current is 0.1C and the voltage is in the range of 3.0V-4.4V.
A schematic structure of a solid-state lithium battery thereof is shown in fig. 2; the positive electrode plate coated with the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is characterized in that the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is arranged on both sides of the positive electrode plate, and the negative electrode plate coated with the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is characterized in that the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is arranged on both sides of the negative electrode plate; the side in contact with the positive electrode sheet is exemplarily shown in fig. 2 provided with a high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte. Comparative example 1 a schematic diagram of a solid lithium battery was compared with the schematic diagram obtained in example 1 of fig. 1, and it can be seen that the positive electrode tab was unevenly contacted with the high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte interface. The interface contact between the negative electrode plate and the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is uneven.
Table 1 shows the specific discharge capacity results at 0.1C at the first week of the solid-state lithium batteries prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1. The first gram of capacity of example 1 is higher because the electrolyte fully penetrates into the pores of the positive electrode sheet and the solid electrolyte has the optimal ion conductivity. The lower initial gram capacity of example 2 may be due to lower lithium salt concentration, poorer ionic conductivity of the solid state electrolyte, and higher internal resistance of the battery. Examples 3 and 4 have lower gram capacity, possibly higher lithium salt concentration and lower proportion of organic solvent, and the electrolyte has high viscosity and poor fluidity before solidification, and the electrolyte cannot fully permeate into the gaps of the positive electrode plate, so that the interface impedance is increased. The lowest first week gram capacity of comparative example 1 is caused by uneven contact of the double-layer electrolyte with the positive and negative pole pieces and higher interface impedance.
TABLE 1
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative example 1
Specific discharge capacity (mAh/g) of 0.1C 170.5 155.3 165.7 168.6 150.3
The cycling performance of the solid lithium batteries of example 1 and comparative example 1 versus, for example, fig. 3 shows that the capacity retention rate of comparative example 1 decays rapidly as the cycle progresses, with a capacity retention rate of 47.55% at 50 cycles. The capacity retention was 88.95% for 50 cycles of example 1, and similarly, the capacity retention was between 80% and 90% for 50 cycles of examples 2-4. Similarly, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 were prepared in a similar manner to comparative example 1. The results show that comparative example 2 has different levels of attenuation in capacity retention relative to example 2, comparative example 3 relative to example 3, and comparative example 4 relative to example 4.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种固态锂电池,其特征在于,包括正极极片、耐高压性固体电解质、亲锂性固体电解质以及负极极片;所述的耐高压性固体电解质原位形成在正极极片上;所述的亲锂性固体电解质原位形成在负极极片上。1. A solid-state lithium battery, characterized in that, comprises a positive pole piece, a high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte, a lithium-friendly solid electrolyte, and a negative pole piece; the high-pressure-resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive pole piece in situ; The above-mentioned lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode sheet in situ. 2.根据权利要求1所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述的耐高压性固体电解质包括下述质量份组分:无机填料5-20份、耐高压聚合物基质10-90份、第一锂盐5-40份以及耐高压有机溶剂5-50份;2. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-20 parts of inorganic filler, 10-90 parts of high-voltage resistant polymer matrix, 5-40 parts of the first lithium salt and 5-50 parts of high-pressure resistant organic solvent; 优选的,包括下述质量份组分:无机填料5-10份、耐高压聚合物基质30-40份、第一锂盐5-30份以及耐高压有机溶剂30-45份。Preferably, the following components are included in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of inorganic filler, 30-40 parts of high-pressure resistant polymer matrix, 5-30 parts of the first lithium salt and 30-45 parts of high-pressure resistant organic solvent. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述的无机填料为磷酸钛铝锂、磷酸锗铝锂、锂镧钛氧、铝掺杂锂镧钛氧、锂镧锆氧、铝掺杂锂镧锆氧、钽掺杂锂镧锆氧、铌掺杂锂镧锆氧、氧化铝、二氧化硅或二氧化钛中的一种或多种混合;3. The solid-state lithium battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic filler is lithium titanium aluminum phosphate, lithium germanium aluminum phosphate, lithium lanthanum titanium oxide, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum titanium oxide, lithium lanthanum One or more mixtures of zirconium oxide, aluminum doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, tantalum doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, niobium doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, alumina, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide; 优选的,所述的耐高压聚合物基质为聚偏氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯、聚碳酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物或聚氟代碳酸乙烯酯中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the high-pressure resistant polymer matrix is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinyl carbonate, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer or polyfluoroethylene carbonate One or more mixtures of 优选的,所述的耐高压有机溶剂为氟代碳酸乙烯酯、氯代碳酸乙烯酯、二氟碳酸乙烯酯、三氟甲基碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯或腈类化合物中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the high pressure resistant organic solvent is one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or nitrile compounds kind of mix; 优选的,所述的第一锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂或双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或多种混合。Preferably, the first lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or bisfluorosulfonyl One or more mixtures of lithium imides. 4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述的亲锂性固体电解质包括下述质量份组分:亲锂性聚合物基质10-95份、以及第二锂盐5-70份;4. The solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, said lithium-philic solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-95 parts of lithium-philic polymer matrix, and 5-70 parts of the second lithium salt; 优选的,包括下述质量份组分:亲锂性聚合物基质30-90份、以及第二锂盐10份;Preferably, the following components are included in parts by mass: 30-90 parts of lithium-philic polymer matrix, and 10 parts of the second lithium salt; 优选的,所述的亲锂性固体电解质由下述质量份组分组成:亲锂性聚合物基质10-95份、以及第二锂盐5-70份。Preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 10-95 parts of lithium-philic polymer matrix, and 5-70 parts of the second lithium salt. 5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述亲锂性聚合物基质包括聚环氧化乙烯、聚碳酸丙烯酯、聚(乙二醇)二甲醚、聚丙烯酰胺、聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)、聚乙烯醇或聚乙二醇中的一种或多种混合;5. The solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the lithium-friendly polymer matrix comprises polyethylene oxide, polypropylene carbonate, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl One or more mixtures of ether, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol; 优选的,所述第二锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂或双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或几种的混合。Preferably, the second lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bisoxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or bisfluorosulfonyl One or a mixture of lithium imides. 6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述的正极极片为正极活性物质涂覆在正极集流体的电极极片;6. The solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the positive pole piece is an electrode pole piece coated with a positive electrode active material on a positive current collector; 优选的,正极活性物质为钴酸锂、富锂锰基材料、镍钴锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂或磷酸锰铁锂中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the positive electrode active material is one or more mixtures of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium-rich manganese-based materials, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium iron manganese phosphate; 优选的,正极集流体包括铜、不锈钢、铝、镍、钛中的一种或多种组分合成的合金;Preferably, the positive electrode current collector includes an alloy synthesized by one or more components of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, and titanium; 优选的,正极集流体表面上包括不规则涂层;Preferably, an irregular coating is included on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; 优选的,正极集流体为膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构或泡沫结构中的一种或多种组合;Preferably, the positive electrode current collector is one or more combinations of films, sheets, foils, nets, porous structures or foam structures; 优选的,所述的负极极片为负极活性物质涂覆在负极集流体的电极极片,或不含有负极活性物质的负极集流体;Preferably, the negative electrode sheet is an electrode sheet coated with a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode collector, or a negative electrode current collector that does not contain a negative electrode active material; 优选的,所述的负极活性物质为天然石墨、人造石墨、氧化亚硅、锂金属或锂合金中的一种或多种;Preferably, the negative electrode active material is one or more of natural graphite, artificial graphite, silicon oxide, lithium metal or lithium alloy; 优选的,负极集流体包括铜、不锈钢、铝、镍或钛中的一种或多种组分合成的合金;Preferably, the negative electrode current collector includes an alloy synthesized by one or more components of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel or titanium; 优选的,负极集流体表面上包括不规则涂层;Preferably, an irregular coating is included on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; 优选的,负极集流体为膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构或泡沫结构中的一种或多种组合。Preferably, the negative electrode current collector is one or more combinations of film, sheet, foil, mesh, porous structure or foam structure. 7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的固态锂电池,其特征在于,所述的耐高压性固体电解质通过如下方法原位形成在正极极片上:将耐高压性固体电解质各原料组分分散在第一溶剂中,得到混合胶体;之后,将混合胶体浇注在以正极极片为基底的模具上,第一溶剂挥发后,耐高压性固体电解质原位形成在正极极片;7. The solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive electrode sheet in situ by the following method: each raw material of the high-voltage-resistant solid electrolyte is assembled Dispersing in the first solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; then, casting the mixed colloid on a mold based on the positive pole piece, and after the first solvent volatilizes, a high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive pole piece in situ; 优选的,第一溶剂为乙腈、N甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the first solvent is a mixture of one or more of acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, and acetone; 优选的,所述耐高压性固体电解质包覆于正极极片;Preferably, the high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive pole piece; 优选的,所述的亲锂性固体电解质通过如下方法原位形成在负极极片上:将亲锂性固体电解质原料分散在第二溶剂中,得到混合胶体;之后,将混合胶体浇注在以负极极片为基底的模具上,第二溶剂发挥后,亲锂性固体电解质原位形成在负极极片上;Preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is formed in situ on the negative electrode sheet by the following method: the lithium-philic solid electrolyte raw material is dispersed in the second solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; after that, the mixed colloid is cast on the negative electrode On the mold with the sheet as the base, after the second solvent is released, the lithium-friendly solid electrolyte is formed on the negative electrode sheet in situ; 优选的,第二溶剂为乙腈、N甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the second solvent is a mixture of one or more of acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, and acetone; 优选的,亲锂性固体电解质包覆于负极极片;Preferably, the lithium-philic solid electrolyte is coated on the negative electrode sheet; 优选的,所述第一溶剂或者第二溶剂挥发的方式包括真空条件下加热干燥或惰性气氛下加热干燥;Preferably, the method of volatilizing the first solvent or the second solvent includes heating and drying under vacuum conditions or heating and drying under an inert atmosphere; 优选的,所述加热的温度为30-80℃,优选为45-60℃;Preferably, the heating temperature is 30-80°C, preferably 45-60°C; 优选的,所述干燥的时间为3-24h,优选为12h。Preferably, the drying time is 3-24 hours, preferably 12 hours. 8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的固态锂电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:8. A method for preparing a solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: 1)将耐高压性固体电解质原位形成在正极极片上;1) In-situ formation of a high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte on the positive electrode sheet; 2)亲锂性固体电解质原位形成在负极极片上;2) Lithophilic solid electrolyte is formed in situ on the negative electrode sheet; 3)组装步骤1)和步骤2)得到的产物,得到固态锂电池。3) Assemble the products obtained in step 1) and step 2) to obtain a solid-state lithium battery. 9.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的固态锂电池的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)包括:将耐高压性固体电解质各原料组分分散在第一溶剂中,得到混合胶体;之后,将混合胶体浇注在以正极极片为基底的模具上,第一溶剂挥发后,耐高压性固体电解质原位形成在正极极片;9. A method for preparing a solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that step 1) comprises: dispersing each raw material component of the high-voltage solid electrolyte in the first solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; after that, pour the mixed colloid on the mold based on the positive pole piece, and after the first solvent volatilizes, the high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte is formed on the positive pole piece in situ; 优选的,第一溶剂为乙腈、N甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the first solvent is a mixture of one or more of acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, and acetone; 优选的,所述耐高压性固体电解质包覆于正极极片;Preferably, the high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive pole piece; 优选的,步骤2)包括:将亲锂性固体电解质原料分散在第二溶剂中,得到混合胶体;之后,将混合胶体浇注在以负极极片为基底的模具上,第二溶剂发挥后,亲锂性固体电解质原位形成在负极极片上;Preferably, step 2) includes: dispersing the lithium-philic solid electrolyte raw material in a second solvent to obtain a mixed colloid; after that, pouring the mixed colloid on a mold based on the negative electrode sheet, and after the second solvent develops, the hydrophilic The lithium solid electrolyte is formed in situ on the negative electrode sheet; 优选的,第二溶剂为乙腈、N甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮中的一种或多种混合;Preferably, the second solvent is a mixture of one or more of acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, and acetone; 优选的,所述耐高压性固体电解质包覆于正极极片;Preferably, the high-voltage resistant solid electrolyte is coated on the positive pole piece; 优选的,所述第一溶剂以及第二溶剂挥发的方式包括真空条件下加热干燥或惰性气氛下加热干燥;Preferably, the volatilization method of the first solvent and the second solvent includes heating and drying under vacuum conditions or heating and drying under an inert atmosphere; 优选的,所述加热的温度为30-80℃,优选为45-60℃;Preferably, the heating temperature is 30-80°C, preferably 45-60°C; 优选的,所述干燥的时间为3-24h,优选为12h。Preferably, the drying time is 3-24 hours, preferably 12 hours. 10.一种用电设备,其特征在于,使用权利要求1-9任一项所述的固态锂电池。10. An electrical device, characterized in that it uses the solid-state lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-9.
CN202211680855.4A 2022-12-27 2022-12-27 Solid-state lithium battery, preparation method thereof and electric equipment Pending CN116169366A (en)

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