CN1161409C - 聚四氟乙烯粉末混合物,含有它的组合物及制得的模制件 - Google Patents
聚四氟乙烯粉末混合物,含有它的组合物及制得的模制件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1161409C CN1161409C CNB971153795A CN97115379A CN1161409C CN 1161409 C CN1161409 C CN 1161409C CN B971153795 A CNB971153795 A CN B971153795A CN 97115379 A CN97115379 A CN 97115379A CN 1161409 C CN1161409 C CN 1161409C
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- Prior art keywords
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- monomers
- thermoplastic resin
- parts
- particles
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- -1 Polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 11
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISRGONDNXBCDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorostyrene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=C ISRGONDNXBCDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OVBJJZOQPCKUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC[NH+](CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O OVBJJZOQPCKUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- GRPTWLLWXYXFLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexabromocyclodecane Chemical compound BrC1(Br)CCCCCCCC(Br)(Br)C1(Br)Br GRPTWLLWXYXFLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORYGKUIDIMIRNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrabromo-5-(2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenoxy)benzene Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=CC(OC=2C(=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C=2)Br)=C1Br ORYGKUIDIMIRNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
一种含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,其中含有颗粒尺寸为10μm或更小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒(A)和有机聚合物颗粒(B),含有该混合物的热塑性树脂组合物和由其制得的模制件。含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物提供了较高的聚四氟乙烯在热塑性树脂中的分散性,并有效改善了热塑性树脂的可模塑加工性和机械性能。
Description
本发明涉及一种含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,其中含有颗粒尺寸为10μm或更小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒(A)和有机聚合物颗粒(B),涉及一种含有该混合物的热塑性树脂组合物和涉及由此制得的模制件。
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)具有优良的耐热性、耐化学品性和电绝缘性能并且由于它特殊的表面特性,包括防水性和防油性、不粘合和自润滑性能,从而被广泛用作涂敷材料。而且,它的高度结晶性和较低的分子间力使得它适合形成仅有极小应力的纤维,并且当与热塑性树脂结合时,它可以得到较好的模塑加工性和机械性能,使得它可用作热塑性树脂的添加剂。
例如,日本未审查的专利申请5-214184和6-306212号公开的树脂组合物,其中聚四氟乙烯与聚烯烃结合使用。日本未审查的专利申请7-324147号公开了一种生产聚烯烃基树脂组合物的方法,其中通过在高剪切作用下将聚四氟乙烯与粉末状分散介质混合制得的聚四氟乙烯首先制成纤维接着与聚烯烃混合。
然而还存在一个缺点,其中聚四氟乙烯在不含卤原子的普通热塑性树脂中分散性差,并且如日本未审查的专利申请公开文本5-214184和6-306212中所述的仅用简单共混不能均匀地分散,因而显著地损害所得模制品的外观。
另外,通过日本未审查专利申请公开文本7-324147号所述的方法使用剪切力难以将所有的聚四氟乙烯转化成纤维,并且聚四氟乙烯纤维在基质树脂会聚集也使得不可能得到均匀的组合物。
换句话说,聚四氟乙烯在基质树脂中的分散性在所有这些方法中都成了问题,因此需要大量聚四氟乙烯以呈现前述有用的性能。
本发明的一个目的就是提供一种含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,它可有效地提高聚四氟乙烯在热塑性树脂中的分散性并改善了热塑性树脂的模塑加工性和机械特性。
通过为解决上述问题而进行的刻苦研究,发现通过向热塑性树脂中添加含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,其中含有颗粒尺寸为10μm或更小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒和有机聚合物颗粒,可以得到令人满意的模塑加工性和机械性能及具有优良外观的模制件,从而完成了本发明。
因此本发明提供一种含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,其中含有颗粒尺寸为10μm或更小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒(A)和有机聚合物颗粒(B),提供一种含有该混合物的热塑性树脂组合物和由其所得的模制件。
根据本发明所用的聚四氟乙烯颗粒(A)不能形成尺寸超过10μm的颗粒聚集体,颗粒尺寸优选0.05-1.0μm。该聚四氟乙烯颗粒分散于含乳化剂及类似物的水中,通过使用含氟的表面活性剂将四氟乙烯单体乳液聚合可以得到聚四氟乙烯颗粒的水分散体系。
在乳液聚合制备聚四氟乙烯颗粒时,只要它不损害聚四氟乙烯的性能,可以使用一种或多种可共聚组分,可以是含氟的烯烃诸如:六氟丙烯、氯三氟乙烯、氟代烷基乙烯、全氟代烷基乙烯基醚或含氟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯,诸如全氟代烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。可共聚合组分的含量优选不超过10%重量,以四氟乙烯为基计。
市场上可得到的聚四氟乙烯颗粒分散体系,可以提及的是FluonAD-1和AD-936(Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司)、Polyflon D-1和D-2(Daikin工业公司)和Teflon 30J(Mitsui-Dupont氟化学品公司)。
根据本发明所用的有机聚合物颗粒(B)不是要求很严格,但是当与热塑性树脂结合时,从聚四氟乙烯的分散性的观点出发,优选它们具有对热塑性树脂的亲合性。
对于生产有机聚合物颗粒的单体的例子,可以提及的是:苯乙烯类单体诸如苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、邻-甲基苯乙烯、对-氯苯乙烯、邻-氯苯乙烯、对-甲氧基苯乙烯、邻-甲氧基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯,(甲基)丙烯酸酯类诸如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸十三烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十三烷酯、丙烯酸十八烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十八烷酯、丙烯酸环己酯和甲基丙烯酸环己酯,乙烯氰类单体诸如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈,乙烯基醚单体诸如乙烯基甲基醚和乙烯基乙基醚,乙烯基羧酸酯类单体诸如醋酸乙烯酯和丁酸乙烯酯,烯类单体诸如乙烯、丙烯和异丁烯,以及二烯类单体诸如丁二烯、异戊二烯和二甲基丁二烯。这些单体可以单独或2种或多种结合使用。
当与本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物结合的热塑性树脂是聚烯烃时,从相容性的观点出发上述单体优选苯乙烯类单体、(甲基)丙烯酸酯类单体和烯烃类单体。特别优选的单体是含有至少12%重量的具有12或12个以上的碳原子的长链烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。特别优选至少含有50%重量的那些。
当与本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物结合的热塑性树脂是聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯时,从相容性的观点出发上述单体中优选的单体是含有至少20%重量的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
当与本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物结合的热塑性树脂是聚酯时,从相容性观点出发上述单体中优选苯乙烯类单体和(甲基)丙烯酸酯类单体。特别优选的单体是含有至少1%重量的带有一个或多个环氧基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
生产本发明所用的有机聚合物颗粒的水分散体系的方法要求并不特别严格,例如,可以利用离子型乳化剂进行乳液聚合或用离子型聚合引发剂进行无皂乳液聚合。
离子型乳化剂可以是任何阴离子、阳离子或两性乳化剂。如果需要,也可将非离子型乳化剂与离子型乳化剂结合使用。
对于阴离子乳化剂的例子可以提及的有脂肪酸盐、高级醇硫酸酯盐、液体脂肪油硫酸酯盐、脂肪胺和脂肪酰胺硫酸盐、脂肪醇磷酸酯盐、二元脂肪酸酯的磺酸盐、脂肪酸酰胺磺酸盐、甲醛缩合物的烷基烯丙基磺酸盐和萘磺酸盐。
阳离子乳化剂的例子可以提及的有脂肪胺盐、季铵盐和烷基吡啶盐。
两性乳化剂的例子可以提及的有烷基内铵盐。
离子型聚合引发剂的例子可以提及的有过硫酸盐(例如:过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵)、偶氮二(异丁腈磺酸盐)、4,4′-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸),及其它阴离子型聚合引发剂,和2,2-偶氮双(脒基丙烷)二盐酸化物、2,2′-偶氮双〔2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷〕二盐酸化物、2,2′-偶氮双〔2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷〕二盐酸化物,2,2′-偶氮二异丁基酰胺二水合物和其它阳离子聚合引发剂。
本发明所用的有机聚合物颗粒(B)的颗粒尺寸[d]要求不是十分严格,但从与聚四氟乙烯的聚集态的稳定性的立场出发,优选对于聚四氟乙烯的颗粒尺寸D在下面不等式的范围内:
0.1D<d<10D
本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物可以这样得到:将聚四氟乙烯颗粒分散体系与有机聚合物颗粒分散体系混合,然后固化或喷雾干燥制成粉末。由于聚四氟乙烯颗粒和有机聚合物颗粒的表面电荷存在差异,它含有集结的聚集粒和仍没集聚的单个颗粒。聚集粒具有这样的结构,其中聚四氟乙烯颗粒和有机聚合物颗粒混合为一体,它们的形态可根据两种颗粒类型的混合比和颗粒尺寸而不同。例如存在着这样的构型:一种构型是其中有机聚合物颗粒包围着聚四氟乙烯颗粒,一种构型是其中聚四氟乙烯颗粒包围着有机聚合物颗粒,一种构型是其中许多颗粒集聚在一个颗粒周围。从在热塑性树脂中的分散性的立场出发,只有产生10μm或10μm以上的聚集体的聚四氟乙烯颗粒的聚集是不可取的。
为了使混合过程中集聚速度降低,在混合之前非离子型乳化剂可被吸附到聚四氟乙烯颗粒和/或(甲基)丙烯酸酯单元与具有至少4个碳原子的烷基基团的(共)聚合物颗粒的表面上。
对非离子型乳化剂没有具体的严格要求,可以提及的例子有聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基烯丙基醚、二烷基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸和烷基纤维素。
本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物还可以这样得到:在通过混合聚四氟乙烯颗粒分散体系和有机聚合物颗粒分散体系而制备的分散体系中使带有烯属不饱和键的单体进行乳液聚合,接着固化或喷雾干燥制成粉末而制得。
用于在混合分散体系中乳液聚合的烯属不饱和单体取决于含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物的用途,并可选自:苯乙烯类单体诸如:苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、邻-甲基苯乙烯、对-氯苯乙烯、邻-氯苯乙烯、对-甲氧基苯乙烯、邻-甲氧基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯;丙烯酸酯类诸如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸环己酯和甲基丙烯酸环己酯;乙烯基氰类单体诸如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈;乙烯基醚类单体诸如乙烯基甲基醚和乙烯基乙基醚;乙烯基羧酸酯类单体诸如醋酸乙烯酯和丁酸乙烯酯,烯类单体诸如乙烯、丙烯和异丁烯;二烯类单体诸如丁二烯、异戊二烯、戊二烯和二甲基丁二烯。这些单体可以单独或2种或多种结合使用。
本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物中聚四氟乙烯的含量优选0.1-90%重量。
本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物可以这样得到:将其水分散体系倒入溶解了金属盐诸如氯化钙或硫酸镁的热水中,接着在盐析和集聚后干燥或者喷雾干燥制成粉末。
尽管由于在从粉末分散体系回收粉末的加工过程中产生100μm或100μm以上的聚集体,从而大部分聚四氟乙烯细粉末不能很容易地均匀分散于热塑性树脂中,但是由于聚四氟乙烯独自形不成颗粒尺寸超过10μm的微区域,本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物在热塑性树脂中具有优良的分散性。
本发明所用的热塑性树脂(C)可以提及的有:聚烯烃树脂诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯/丙烯共聚物,聚酯树脂诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸环己酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)和聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯;聚碳酸酯(PC)、丁二烯橡胶接枝共聚物(例如:ABS树脂)、丙烯酸橡胶接枝共聚物、硅氧烷丙烯酸复合橡胶接枝共聚物、乙丙橡胶接枝共聚物,苯乙烯基树脂诸如高冲击聚苯乙烯(HIPS)和丙烯腈/苯乙烯共聚物(AS),氯乙烯树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚亚苯基硫酸酯树脂、聚亚苯基醚(PPE)树脂,聚酰胺(PA)树脂诸如尼龙6和尼龙66,以及丙烯酸树脂诸如PMMA、PET/PBT、PC/PBT、PBT/ABS、PC/ABS、PA/ABS、PPE/PBT、PPE/HIPS和PPE/PA。优选聚烯烃树脂,特别是聚丙烯树脂。
对用于本发明的聚烯烃树脂更详细的解释是,它包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚-1-丁烯、聚异丁烯,丙烯与乙烯和/或1-丁烯以所需的比例的无规或嵌段共聚物、含有所需比例的乙烯和丙烯和不多于50%重量的二烯组分的乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物、聚甲基戊烯、乙烯或丙烯与不多于50%重量的一种单体的无规,嵌段或接枝共聚物,该单体不能是带有烯属不饱和基团的烯烃诸如醋酸乙烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、芳族乙烯基化合物等。
优选的聚烯烃可以提及的是含有至少50%重量的丙烯的丙烯基聚烯烃和100重量份的含有至少50%重量的丙烯的丙烯基聚烯烃与0.1-100重量份的含有至少50%重量的乙烯的乙烯基聚烯烃的混合物;由于其较高的熔体拉伸性和良好的可加工性,优选那些根据ASTM D1238熔体流率为10g/10分钟或更低的。熔体流率根据ASTMD1238对丙烯基聚烯烃来说,在230℃,2.16kg荷载下测定,对乙烯基聚烯烃来说在190℃、2.16kg荷载下测定。
根据本发明,含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物与热塑性树脂的混合物改善了热塑性树脂组合物加工过程中熔体的拉伸性,提供了改进了的碾压过程中的排出性,加热模塑或吹塑过程中的熔体垂伸性(drawdown)和在发泡模塑中连续起泡性,改善了碾压、加热模塑、吹塑和发泡模塑的可加工性。另外,对于挤出模塑来说它提高了卸料速率并改善了挤出模塑品包括片材和膜的表面条件,还改善了挤出加工性。
根据本发明,所用的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物的量是每100重量份的热塑性树脂(C)为0.001-50重量份。聚四氟乙烯的用量范围优选每100重量份热塑性树脂为0.001-40重量份。
根据本发明也可以向热塑性树脂组合物中加入填料。所加填料的数量优选每100重量份热塑性树脂(c)为0.1-400重量份,填料的加入提高了刚性和耐热性同时改善了可加工性,这包括预防碾压过程中对辊表面的粘附并减少耗费。如果用量少于0.1重量份,则对刚性的改善不充分,而如果多于400重量份,则可能降低表面特性。该范围优选1-350重量份,更优选1-300重量份。
根据本发明所用的填料的例子可以提及的有碳酸钙、滑石、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、碳酸镁、云母、高岭土、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、钛白、白炭、炭黑、氢氧化铵、氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝。优选碳酸钙和滑石。
如果需要,还可以向本发明的热塑性树脂中加入添加剂如稳定剂、润滑剂或阻燃剂。可以提及的稳定剂有酚类稳定剂诸如四-〔3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸〕季戊四醇酯和双〔3-(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸〕三乙二醇酯,磷酸类稳定剂诸如亚磷酸三(单壬基苯基)酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯,及硫稳定剂诸如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯;可以提及的润滑剂有月桂酸、棕榈酸、油酸或硬脂酸的钠、钙或镁盐;可提及的阻燃剂有磷酸酯化合物包括磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三丁氧乙酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸甲苯基苯酯、磷酸辛基二苯酯、磷酸二异丙基苯酯、磷酸三(氯乙基)酯和多磷酸酯诸如烷氧基取代的双酚A二磷酸酯、对苯二酚二磷酸酯、间苯二酚二磷酸酯、三氧代苯三磷酸酯,含卤素化合物诸如四溴代双酚A、十溴代二苯基氧化物、六溴代环癸烷、八溴代二苯醚、双三溴代苯氧基乙烷、亚乙基双四溴代苯邻二甲酰亚胺、三溴苯酚,由卤代双酚A和表氯醇间反应得到的卤代环氧低聚体、带有卤代双酚A组成部分的碳酸酯低聚体、卤代聚苯乙烯、氯化聚烯烃和聚氯乙烯;以及金属氢氧化物、金属氧化物、氨基磺酸化合物等等。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物可这样制得:将上述热塑性树脂和含聚四氟乙烯的复合粉末混合,如果需要加入填料。混合方法可以是常规已知的任何方法,诸如挤压捏合或辊压捏合。一部分热塑性树脂还可以与含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物混合以制备母炼胶,然后加入剩余的热塑性树脂,之后进行混合得到多级混合物。本发明的热塑性树脂组合物具有良好的聚四氟乙烯分散性,因而其可加工性、刚性和外观得到了很大改善,使得可通过许多不同的加工方法生产模制件以提供有用的模塑产品。
用于加工本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的方法可以是压延模塑、挤压成形、加热模塑、吹塑、注塑、发泡模塑或熔体纺丝。
用本发明的热塑性树脂组合物制得的有用的模塑产品,可提及的有:片材、膜、热成型品、吹塑品、注塑品、发泡模塑品和纤维。
本发明通过实施例在下面作进一步证明,要理解的是本发明不局限于这些实施例。
全文中“份”指的是重量份,“%”表示重量百分数。
含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物及其与聚烯烃树脂的混合物的合成
参考实施例1-2,实施例1-25及对比实施例1-15中所述的物理性质的测量根据如下方法完成。
(1)固体部分的浓度:通过在170℃将颗粒分散体系干燥30分钟进行测定。
(2)颗粒尺寸分布和重均颗粒尺寸:通过动态光散射法(Otsuka电子公司生产的ELS800,温度:25℃,散射角:90°)测量用水稀释的颗粒分散体系的样品溶液。
(3)ζ电势:通过电泳(Otsuk电子公司生产的ELS800,温度:25℃,散射角:10°)测量用0.01mol/l NaCl水溶液稀释的颗粒分散体系的样品溶液。
(4)溶体拉伸:使用下落流动测试仪(Toyo精密仪器公司生产的表面张力图像仪)以恒定的挤出速率(下落速度:20mm/分钟)挤出树脂组合物颗粒,以恒定速率(1m/分钟)卷取股料进行熔体拉伸测定。模的L/D为10.0mm/Φ2.0mm,测定温度为200℃。
(5)膨胀比率:用下落流动测试仪(Toyo精密仪器公司生产的表面张力图像仪)以恒定的挤出速率(下落速度:1.5mm/分钟)挤出树脂组合物颗粒,在喷嘴下方5mm的位置测定股料直径(D),并按下面等式计算。模的L/D为10.0mm/Φ2.0mm,测定温度为190℃。
(膨胀比率)=D(mm)/2.0
(6)熔体流率:用树脂组合物颗粒,根据ASTM D1238在230℃,2.16kg测定。
(7)弯曲模量:得到树脂组合物颗粒的注模测试片后根据ASTMD790测定。
(8)辊压片材外观:根据树脂组合物颗粒在辊捏合过程中辊压片材的目视外观来判断。
○-无表面不规则并具有良好光泽
△-有些表面不规则和轻微光泽损伤
×-明显的表面不规则和很差的光泽
(9)垂伸性:树脂组合物颗粒用于模塑一个100mm2和1.5mm厚的片材,用一带有75mm2开口的固定器固定后,在190℃的炉中加热30分钟后测定片材的垂伸性。
(10)发泡模制品的鉴定:1.0份偶氮二碳酰胺(发泡剂)与100重量份的树脂组合物颗粒混合用于注塑形成发泡模制品,之后目视判断其横截面小孔的状态。
○-细密而均匀
△-轻微不均匀
×-不均匀
(11)测定重均分子量
用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的标准试样通过凝胶渗透色谱法来测定重均分子量。
参考实施例1<制备聚苯乙烯颗粒分散体系(P-1)>
将190份蒸馏水、1.0份十二烷基苯磺酸钠、100份苯乙烯和0.4份氢过氧化枯烯装入一带有搅拌叶片、冷凝器、热电偶和氮气进口的可分离烧瓶中,在氮气流下将混合物温度升至40℃,然后加入0.001份硫酸亚铁、0.003份乙二胺四乙酸二钠、0.24份雕白粉盐和10份蒸馏水的混合物,从而自由基聚合被引发。在全部的热放出之后,将体系内部温度保持在40℃1小时以完成聚合,得到聚合物颗粒分散体系(下面称作P-1)。聚合物重均分子量为550,000。
P-1的固体浓度为33.2%,颗粒尺寸分布显示一个单峰,重均颗粒尺寸为102nm,表面电势为-32mV。
参考实施例2<制备聚甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯颗粒分散体系(P-2)>
将0.1份偶氮双二甲基戊腈溶于100份甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯中。然后向其中加入2.0份十二烷基苯磺酸钠和300份蒸馏水的混合物,用一均相混合机以10,000转/分(rpm)的速率搅拌2分钟后,在300kg/cm2的压力下将其通过均化器两次得到一稳定的甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯初步分散体系。然后将其装入一带有搅拌叶片、冷凝器、热电偶和氮气进口的可分离烧瓶中,在氮气流下将混合物升至内部温度80℃并搅拌3小时进行自由基聚合,得到聚合物颗粒分散体系(下面称作P-2)。聚合物的重均分子量为650,000。
P-2的固体浓度为25.2%,颗粒尺寸分布显示一个单峰,重均颗粒尺寸为195nm,表面电势为-38mV。
实施例1<制备含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-1)>
Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司的Fluon AD936用作聚四氟乙烯基颗粒分散体系。AD936的固体浓度为63.0%,它含有相对聚四氟乙烯而言5%的聚氧乙烯壬基苯醚。AD936的颗粒尺寸分布显示一个单峰,重均颗粒尺寸为290nm,表面电势为-20mV。
向83.3份AD936加入116.7份蒸馏水以得到固体浓度为26.2%的聚四氟乙烯分散体系F-1。F-1含有25%的聚四氟乙烯颗粒和1.2%的聚氧乙烯壬基苯醚。
在一带有搅拌叶片、冷凝器、热电偶和氮气进口的可分离烧瓶中加入160份F-1(40份聚四氟乙烯)和180.7份P-1(60份聚苯乙烯)之后,在氮气流下室温搅拌混合物1小时。然后将内部温度升至80℃并保持1小时。各个操作步骤中没见固体分离出来,得到一均匀的颗粒分散体系。所得颗粒分散体系的固体浓度为29.4%,颗粒尺寸分布相对较宽,重均颗粒尺寸为220nm。
将340.7份此颗粒分散体系加入到800份含10份氯化钙的70℃热水中之后,将固体分离出来,过滤并干燥,得到98份含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-1)。
将干燥的M-1用一压模机在220℃制成一细条,然后用切片机切成超薄的片断,没有污染时用透射电子显微镜观察。观察到聚四氟乙烯为黑暗部分,但没有发现超过10μm的聚集体或原纤维。
实施例2<制备含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-2)>。
在一带有搅拌叶片、冷凝器、热电偶和氮气入口的可分离烧瓶中加入160份实施例1中所用的F-1(40份聚四氟乙烯)和119.0份P-2(30份聚甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯)之后,加入82.9份蒸馏水,在氮气流下室温搅拌混合物1小时,然后内部温度升至80℃,接着在加入0.001份硫酸亚铁、0.003份乙二胺四乙酸二钠、0.24份雕白粉盐和10份蒸馏水的混合溶液之后,经1小时滴加30份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、0.6份叔丁基过氧化物的混合物,滴加完成后,内部温度保持在80℃1小时以完成自由基聚合。各个操作步骤中没有看到固体分离出来,得到一均匀的颗粒分散体系。所得颗粒分散体系的固体浓度为24.9%,颗粒尺寸分布相对较宽,重均颗粒尺寸为242nm。
将400份该颗粒分散体系加入800份含10份氯化钙的70℃热水中之后,将固体分离、过滤并干燥,得到99份含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-2)。
用压模机在200℃将干燥的M-2制成细条,然后用切片机将其切成超薄的片断,没有污染时用透射电子显微镜观察。观察到聚四氟乙烯为黑暗部分,但没有发现超过10μm的聚集体或原纤维。
实施例3<制备含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-3)>
用与实施例2同样的方式得到90份含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-3),不同的是使用80份的F-1(20份的聚四氟乙烯)和198.4份P-2(50份聚甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯)。在硬化之前颗粒分散体系中没有发现固体分离出来,固体浓度为24.8%,颗粒尺寸分布相对较宽,重均颗粒尺寸为220nm。
用压模机在200℃将干燥的M-3制成细条,然后用切片机将其切成超薄的片断,没有污染时用透射电子显微镜观察。观察到聚四氟乙烯为黑暗部分,但没发现超过10μm的聚集体或原纤维。
实施例4:<制备含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-4)>。
用与实施例2相同的方式得到97份含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物(M-4),不同的是使用240份F-1(60份聚四氟乙烯)和39.7份P-2(10份聚甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯)。在硬化前没有在颗粒分散体系中发现固体分离出来,固体浓度为24.8%,颗粒尺寸分布相对较宽,重均颗粒尺寸为269nm。
用压模机在200℃将干燥的M-4制成细条,然后用切片机将其切成超薄的片断,没有污染时用透射电子显微镜观察。观察到聚四氟乙烯为黑暗部分,但没发现超过10μm的聚集体或原纤维。
实施例5-20:
丙烯均聚物颗粒(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)用作聚烯烃以表1所示的比例与含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物M-1、M-2、M-3和M-4人工共混,然后用双螺杆挤出机(ZSK30,WERNER &PFLEIDERER公司的产品)在200℃的机筒温度下和200转/分的螺杆转动速率下熔体捏合制粒。所得颗粒的物理性能的测定结果见表1和2。
对比实施例1-5:
为了进行对比,对由在与实施例5相同的条件下挤出的聚烯烃制得的颗粒(对比实施例1)和由向粉末聚烯烃加入了粉末聚四氟乙烯、用Henschel混合机室温高速搅拌混合,同时应用剪切力制备聚四氟乙烯纤维之后,用与实施例5相同的条件下挤出制得的颗粒(对比实施例2-5)以与实施例5相同的方式进行鉴定。结果见表1和2。
丙烯均聚物颗粒(对比实施例1)或粉末聚丙烯(对比实施例2-5)用作聚烯烃(所有熔体流率都为5.0g/10分钟),Fluon CD123(AsahiICI氟聚合物公司生产)用作粉末聚四氟乙烯。CD123存在着少量100μm的聚集体,其来自于颗粒尺寸为0.2-0.3μm的聚四氟乙烯初始颗粒。
表1
| 实施例号 | 组合物 | 组合物中的PTFE(%) | MT(g) | SR | MFR(g/10分钟) | ||
| PP(份) | 添加剂(份) | 添加剂类型 | |||||
| 实施例5 | 100 | 10 | M-1 | 3.6 | 58 | 2.4 | 0.9 |
| 实施例6 | 100 | 5 | M-1 | 1.9 | 32 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| 7 | 100 | 1 | M-1 | 0.4 | 10 | 2.0 | 3.3 |
| 8 | 100 | 0.5 | M-1 | 0.2 | 7 | 1.8 | 4.2 |
| 实施例9 | 100 | 10 | M-2 | 3.6 | 61 | 2.4 | 0.9 |
| 实施例10 | 100 | 5 | M-2 | 1.19 | 38 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| 实施例11 | 100 | 1 | M-2 | 0.4 | 19 | 2.1 | 3.2 |
| 实施例12 | 100 | 0.5 | M-2 | 0.2 | 9 | 1.8 | 4.1 |
| 实施例13 | 100 | 10 | M-3 | 1.8 | 54 | 2.4 | 0.9 |
| 实施例14 | 100 | 5 | M-3 | 1.0 | 32 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| 实施例15 | 100 | 1 | M-3 | 0.2 | 11 | 2.1 | 3.4 |
| 实施例16 | 100 | 0.5 | M-3 | 0.1 | 7 | 1.9 | 4.2 |
| 实施例17 | 100 | 10 | M-4 | 5.5 | 64 | 2.4 | 0.8 |
| 实施例18 | 100 | 5 | M-4 | 2.9 | 37 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| 实施例19 | 100 | 1 | M-4 | 0.6 | 12 | 2.0 | 3.3 |
| 实施例20 | 100 | 0.5 | M-4 | 0.3 | 8 | 1.9 | 4.1 |
表1(续)
| 实施例号 | 组合物 | 组合物中的PTFE(%) | MT(g) | SR | MFR(g/10分钟) | ||
| PP(份) | 添加剂(份) | 添加剂类型 | |||||
| 实施例1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1.3 | 5.0 | |
| 实施例2 | 100 | 3.7 | CD123 | 3.6 | 5 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| 实施例3 | 100 | 1.9 | CD123 | 1.9 | 5 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
| 实施例4 | 100 | 0.4 | CD123 | 0.4 | 4 | 1.4 | 3.0 |
| 实施例5 | 100 | 0.2 | CD123 | 0.2 | 3 | 1.3 | 4.1 |
表2
| 弯曲模量(kg/cm2) | 辊压片材外观 | 垂伸性(mm) | 发泡模制品鉴定 | |
| 实施例5 | 13100 | △ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例6 | 13700 | △ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例7 | 14000 | △ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例8 | 14000 | △ | 2 | △ |
| 实施例9 | 13000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例10 | 13500 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例11 | 14000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例12 | 14000 | ○ | 2 | △ |
| 实施例13 | 13000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例14 | 13500 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例15 | 14000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例16 | 14000 | ○ | 2 | △ |
| 实施例17 | 13200 | △ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例18 | 13800 | △ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例19 | 14000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例20 | 14000 | ○ | 2 | ○ |
表2(续)
| 弯曲模量(kg/cm2) | 辊压片材外观 | 垂伸性(mm) | 发泡模制品鉴定 | |
| 实施例1 | 14000 | ○ | 90 | × |
| 实施例2 | 14000 | × | 20 | × |
| 实施例3 | 14000 | × | 20 | × |
| 实施例4 | 14000 | × | 40 | × |
| 实施例5 | 14000 | × | 80 | × |
PP:聚丙烯(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)
MT:熔体拉伸
SR:膨胀比率
MFR:熔体流率
CD123:粉末聚四氟乙烯(Fluon CD123,Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司生产)。
具有含聚四氟乙烯的复合颗粒的本发明组合物,与具有相同PTFE含量的对比实施例相比,具有较高的熔体拉伸和膨胀比率值,这是碾压加工的排出性能、热模塑性、吹塑成型性和发泡模塑性的标志,从而肯定了其令人满意的可模塑加工性能。另一方面,它们在熔体流率上减少较低,肯定了挤出模塑能力没有受损。另外,辊压片材外观、垂伸性和发泡模塑能力也被证明是非常良好的。
实施例21-23:
丙烯均聚物颗粒(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)和低密度聚乙烯颗粒(熔体流率0.3g/10分钟)混合起来用作聚烯烃,人工将其与含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物M-2以表3所示的比率共混,用与实施例5同样的方式制成颗粒。颗粒的物理性质的测量结果见表3和4。
对比实施例6-11:
用与实施例5相同的方式鉴定丙烯均聚物颗粒和低密度聚乙烯颗粒的挤出混合物(对比实施例6-8),用Henschel搅拌机混合过的粉末均聚丙烯、粉末低密度聚乙烯和粉末聚四氟乙烯的挤出混合物(对比实施例9-11)以实施例5的方式进行鉴定。结果见表3和4。
| 实施例号 | 组合物 | 组合物中的PTFE(%) | MT(g) | SR | |||
| PP(份) | PE(份) | 添加剂(份) | 添加剂类型 | ||||
| 实施例21 | 100 | 20 | 2 | M-2 | 0.66 | 19 | 2.0 |
| 实施例22 | 100 | 50 | 2.5 | M-2 | 0.66 | 25 | 2.2 |
| 实施例23 | 100 | 100 | 3.3 | M-2 | 0.65 | 33 | 2.3 |
| 对比实施例6 | 100 | 20 | 0 | - | 0 | 3 | 1.3 |
| 对比实施例7 | 100 | 50 | 0 | - | 0 | 4 | 1.4 |
| 对比实施例8 | 100 | 100 | 0 | - | 0 | 6 | 1.5 |
| 对比实施例9 | 100 | 20 | 0.8 | CD123 | 0.66 | 4 | 1.4 |
| 对比实施例10 | 100 | 50 | 1.0 | CD123 | 0.66 | 5 | 1.6 |
| 对比实施例11 | 100 | 100 | 1.3 | CD123 | 0.65 | 8 | 1.6 |
表4
| MFR(g/10分钟) | 弯曲模量(kg/cm2) | 辊压片材外观 | 垂伸性 | 发泡模制品鉴定 | |
| 实施例21 | 3.2 | 12000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例22 | 3.3 | 9000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 实施例23 | 3.4 | 7000 | ○ | 0 | ○ |
| 对比实施例6 | 5.0 | 12000 | ○ | 40 | × |
| 实施例7 | 5.0 | 9000 | ○ | 30 | × |
| 实施例8 | 5.0 | 7000 | ○ | 30 | × |
| 实施例9 | 3.0 | 12000 | × | 20 | × |
| 实施例10 | 3.2 | 9000 | × | 20 | × |
| 实施例11 | 3.3 | 7000 | × | 10 | × |
PP:聚丙烯(熔体流率5.0g/10分钟)
PE:低密度聚乙烯(熔体流率:0.3g/10分钟)
MT:熔体拉伸
SR:膨胀比率
MFR:熔体流率。
CD123:粉末聚四氟乙烯(Fluon CD123,Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司生产)。
实施例24-25。
将丙烯均聚物颗粒(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)、低密度聚乙烯颗粒(熔体流率:0.3g/10分钟)、含聚四氟乙烯的复合颗粒干燥粉末M-2和少量用脂肪酸进行了表面处理的颗粒尺寸为0.15μm的碳酸钙按表5所示的比率人工共混,然后用与实施例5相同的方式制成颗粒。颗粒的物理性质测定结果见表5和6。
对比实施例12-15:
将粉末丙烯均聚物(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)、粉末低密度聚乙烯(熔体流率:0.3g/10分钟)和少量碳酸钙的混合物(对比实施例12-13),和用Henschel搅拌器与粉末聚四氟乙烯进一步混合了的挤出混合物(对比实施例14-15)用与实施例5相同的方式加工成颗粒。测定的物理性质的结果见表5和6。
表5
| 组合物 | 组合物中的PTFE(%) | MT(g) | |||||
| PP(份) | PE(份) | CC(份) | 添加剂(份) | 添加剂类型 | |||
| 实施例24 | 100 | - | 50 | 2 | M-2 | 0.53 | 24 |
| 实施例25 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 2.5 | M-2 | 0.49 | 25 |
| 对比实施例12 | 100 | - | 50 | 0 | - | 0 | 4 |
| 对比实施例13 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 0 | - | 0 | 4 |
| 对比实施例14 | 100 | - | 50 | 0.8 | CD123 | 0.53 | 5 |
| 对比实施例15 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 1.0 | CD123 | 0.50 | 5 |
表6
| SR | MFR(g/10分钟) | 弯曲模量(kg/om2) | 辊压片材外观 | 垂伸性(mm) | |
| 实施例24 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 16000 | ○ | 0 |
| 实施例25 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 11000 | ○ | 0 |
| 对比实施例12 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 16000 | ○ | 90 |
| 对比实施例13 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 11000 | ○ | 30 |
| 对比 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 16000 | × | 30 |
| 实施例14 | |||||
| 对比实施例15 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 11000 | × | 20 |
PP:聚丙烯(熔体流率:5.0g/10分钟)
PE:低密度聚乙烯(熔体流率:0.3g/10分钟)
CC:用脂肪酸进行了表面处理的颗粒尺寸为0.15μm的轻碳酸钙。
TM:熔体拉伸
SR:膨胀比率
MFR:熔体流率
CD123:粉末聚四氟乙烯(Fluon CD123,Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司生产)。
与聚酯树脂结合:
根据下列方法测定实施例26和对比实施例16-17中描述的物理性能:
(12)聚酯的特性粘度:在邻-氯苯酚中25℃下测定。
(13)熔体拉伸:使用下落流动测试仪(Toyo精密仪器公司生产的表面张力图像仪)以恒定的挤出速率(下落速度:20mm/分钟)挤出树脂组合物颗粒,以恒定速率(1m/分钟)卷取股料进行熔体拉伸测定。模的L/D为10.0mm/φ2.0mm,测定温度为270℃。
(14)吹塑成型能力:用一筒温为270℃,模温为270℃(模口直径:50mm,模间距:3mm),模架温度为80℃、吹塑压力为5kg/cm的吹塑机(S-45ND,Plakow生产)将树脂组合物颗粒模塑成平均厚度为2.5mm、内容积为500cc的筒状容器。
(15)垂伸性:从吹塑机挤出的型坯长度达到120mm的时间和达到600mm的时间的比率为垂伸指数。将绝对不垂伸树脂垂伸值定为5,瞬时垂伸值定为1。
(16)模制品厚度的均匀性:将模制品切片,用测微计在筒的顶部、中部和底部3个部位测量厚度,以确定厚度偏差(最大值和最小值相对平均厚度的差值%)。
(17)外观:目测鉴定表面光洁度好还是差。
实施例26:
特性粘度为1.00的粉末聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯树脂用作聚酯树脂与含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物M-1按表7所示的比例人工共混,接着用双螺杆挤出机(ZSK 30,WERNER & PFLEIDERER公司产品)在筒温280℃和螺杆转动速率200转/分下进行熔体捏合制成颗粒。所得颗粒的物理性质测定结果见表7。
对比实施例16-17:
为了进行对比,用与实施例26相同的方式鉴定对比实施例16的颗粒和对比实施例17的颗粒,对比实施例16的颗粒是仅在与实施例26相同的条件下挤出聚酯树脂得到的,对比实施例17的颗粒是在粉末聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中加入粉末聚四氟乙烯、用Henschel搅拌机室温高速混合并同时应用剪切力制备聚四氟乙烯纤维之后用与实施例26相同的条件挤出得到的。结果见表7。
所用的粉末聚四氟乙烯为Fluon CD123,AsahiICI氟聚合物公司生产。
表7
| 组合物 | 组合物中的PTFE(%) | MT(g) | 垂伸指数 | 均匀厚度(%) | 外观 | |||
| PET(份) | 添加剂(份) | 添加剂类型 | ||||||
| 实施例26 | 100 | 1 | M-1 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 2.82 | 17 | 好 |
| 对比实施16 | 100 | 0 | - | 0 | 0.3 | 1.22 | 不可模塑 | 不可模塑 |
| 对比实施17 | 100 | 0.4 | CD123 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.30 | 不可模塑 | 不可模塑 |
PET:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(特性粘度:1.00)
MT:熔体拉伸
CD123:粉末聚四氟乙烯(Fluon CD123,Asahi ICI氟聚合物公司生产)
与具有相同PTFE含量的对比实施例相比,具有含聚四氟乙烯的复合颗粒的本发明的组合物具有较高的熔体拉伸值,这是碾压加工的排出性能、热模塑性、吹塑成型性和发泡模塑性的标志,从而肯定了其令人满意的可模塑加工性能。另外,吹塑过程中的抗垂伸性也非常良好,得到了具有良好外观的吹塑模制品。
本发明的含聚四氟乙烯的复合粉末在热塑性树脂中具有非常令人满意的分散性,添加了它的热塑性树脂组合物在熔融时具有较高的拉伸性和良好的可模塑加工性能,包括:碾压加工的排出性能、热模塑性、吹塑成型性和发泡模塑性。另外,使用本发明的组合物改善了挤出模制品如片材和膜的表面条件,得到了令人满意的挤出加工性。另外,填料的加入改善了碾压和挤出加工过程中片材和膜的表面状况和提供了良好的刚性。
Claims (6)
1.一种含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物,含有0.1-90%重量的颗粒尺寸为10μm或更小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒(A)和10-99.9%重量的有机聚合物颗粒(B),其中有机聚合物颗粒(B)是由至少20%重量的具有12或12个以上碳原子的长链烷基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和非必要的其它单体制得,其中所述这种其它单体是由苯乙烯类单体、除具有12或12个以上碳原子的长链烷基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体以外的(甲基)丙烯酸酯类单体、乙烯氰类单体、乙烯基醚类单体、乙烯基羧酸酯类单体、烯类单体和二烯类单体组成的组中的一种或多种。
2.一种热塑性树脂组合物,含有根据权利要求1的含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物与热塑性树脂(C)的混合物,其中含聚四氟乙烯的粉末混合物的量是每100重量份的热塑性树脂(C)为0.001-50重量份,和热塑性树脂(C)选自聚烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂。
3.根据权利要求2的热塑性树脂组合物,其中热塑性树脂(C)为聚烯烃树脂。
4.根据权利要求2或3的热塑性树脂组合物,另外含有一种填料。
5.一种热模塑片材,含有根据权利要求2-4的任一项的热塑性树脂组合物。
6.纤维,含有根据权利要求2-4的任一项的热塑性树脂组合物。
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| JP202101/1996 | 1996-07-31 | ||
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| US5114820A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1992-05-19 | Xerox Corporation | Polyalkyl styrene butadiene toner compositions |
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| KR100466355B1 (ko) * | 1996-07-31 | 2005-06-16 | 미쯔비시 레이온 가부시끼가이샤 | 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌함유혼합분체,이를함유하는열가소성수지조성물및그성형체 |
-
1997
- 1997-07-25 KR KR1019970034985A patent/KR100466355B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-30 DE DE69705268T patent/DE69705268T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-30 US US08/903,371 patent/US6025441A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-30 EP EP97113116A patent/EP0822226B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-31 CN CNB971153795A patent/CN1161409C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0822226A3 (en) | 1998-06-03 |
| US6025441A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
| EP0822226A2 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| EP0822226B1 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
| CN1172131A (zh) | 1998-02-04 |
| DE69705268T2 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
| KR980009369A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
| DE69705268D1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
| KR100466355B1 (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
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