CN116140803B - Austenitic stainless steel welding method and welding assembly - Google Patents
Austenitic stainless steel welding method and welding assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CN116140803B CN116140803B CN202211526757.5A CN202211526757A CN116140803B CN 116140803 B CN116140803 B CN 116140803B CN 202211526757 A CN202211526757 A CN 202211526757A CN 116140803 B CN116140803 B CN 116140803B
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- Prior art keywords
- welding
- stainless steel
- austenitic stainless
- laser
- gap
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了一种奥氏体不锈钢焊接方法及焊接装配体。本申请的焊接方法包括以下步骤：装配两个焊接单元：每个焊接单元具有I型坡口以及U型坡口；I型坡口通过激光深熔焊焊接；U型坡口采用激光填丝焊焊接。本申请通过激光深熔焊结合激光填丝焊，焊接奥氏体不锈钢的熔深达到50mm以上，相比大厚度奥氏体不锈钢的埋弧焊或气体保护焊方法。激光焊可大幅减小焊缝体积，同时激光焊热输入远小于埋弧焊或气体保护焊，可有效控制焊接变形，激光焊缝质量高，缺陷少。
This application discloses a welding method and welding assembly for austenitic stainless steel. The welding method includes the following steps: assembling two welding units, each with an I-groove and a U-groove; welding the I-groove using laser deep penetration welding; and welding the U-groove using laser filler wire welding. This application achieves a weld penetration depth of over 50mm for austenitic stainless steel by combining laser deep penetration welding with laser filler wire welding, compared to submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding methods for thick austenitic stainless steel. Laser welding significantly reduces the weld volume, and the heat input is much lower than that of submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding, effectively controlling welding deformation. Laser welds exhibit high quality and fewer defects.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel welding, in particular to an austenitic stainless steel welding method and a welding assembly.
Background
For austenitic stainless steel welds with a thickness of greater than 50mm, submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding is commonly used in the prior art. By adopting the method, the angle of the welding groove is generally larger than 30 degrees, the filling volume of the welding line is large, the final welding stress and welding deformation are large, and the welding precision is difficult to ensure. Meanwhile, when submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding is used for welding with large filling quantity, defects such as air holes, unfused welding, slag inclusion and the like are easy to generate.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide an austenitic stainless steel welding method and a welding assembly. The welding method adopts a laser welding mode, and solves the problems that austenitic stainless steel, particularly austenitic stainless steel with the thickness of more than 50mm, is large in welding deformation, easy to cause unfused, air holes and the like.
The embodiment of the application provides an austenitic stainless steel welding method, which comprises the following steps of:
Assembling two welding units, wherein each welding unit is provided with an I-shaped groove and a U-shaped groove;
The I-shaped groove is welded by laser deep penetration welding;
And the U-shaped groove is welded by adopting laser filler wire welding.
In some embodiments, the I-groove is provided with steps, the steps of adjacent welding units being matched to each other.
In some embodiments, a welding gap is provided between adjacent I-grooves, the welding gap is located on one side of the first central axis, and the welding gap extends along the welding surface direction of the I-grooves.
In some embodiments, the weld gap is located below the second central axis.
In some embodiments, the width of the welding gap is 0-0.5 mm.
In some embodiments, the root of the U-shaped groove is provided with a flat section and a round angle, the angle of the round angle is 85-87 degrees, and the length of the flat section is 2-4 mm.
In some embodiments, the angle of the U-shaped groove is 6-10 degrees, and the depth of the U-shaped groove is 13-17 mm.
In some embodiments, the width of the I-groove is 26-34 mm.
In some embodiments, the height of the step is 1-3 mm.
In some embodiments, the parameters of the laser deep penetration welding are that the power is 13-15 kW, the welding speed is 35-65 cm/min, and the defocusing amount is-15 mm.
In some embodiments, the parameters of the laser filler wire welding are that the power is 3-6 kW, the welding speed is 35-65 cm/min, and the defocusing amount is 30-60 mm.
Accordingly, the present application provides a welding assembly comprising two welding units having an I-groove and a U-groove.
In some embodiments, the I-groove is provided with a step.
In some embodiments, two of the welding units have a welding gap at a welding face of the step.
The application has the beneficial effects that the application provides an austenitic stainless steel welding method and a welding assembly. The welding method comprises the following steps of assembling two welding units, wherein each welding unit is provided with an I-shaped groove and a U-shaped groove, the I-shaped grooves are welded through laser deep penetration welding, and the U-shaped grooves are welded through laser filler wire welding. The application combines laser deep penetration welding with laser filler wire welding, and the penetration depth of the welded austenitic stainless steel reaches more than 50mm, compared with the submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding method of austenitic stainless steel with large thickness. The laser welding can greatly reduce the volume of the welding seam, and meanwhile, the heat input of the laser welding is far smaller than that of submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding, so that the welding deformation can be effectively controlled, the quality of the laser welding seam is high, and the defects are few.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a welded assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of another welding assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of another welding assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a weld structure of austenitic stainless steel sheets welded by the welding method according to the embodiment of the present application;
In the figure, a 100-welding unit, a 101-I-shaped groove, a 102-U-shaped groove, a 103-step, a 104-welding gap and a 105-flat section are formed.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the application. In addition, in the description of the present application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". The terms first, second, third and the like are used merely as labels, and do not impose numerical requirements or on the order of construction. Various embodiments of the application may exist in a range format, it being understood that the description in a range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be interpreted as a hard limitation on the scope of the application, as the range format described above specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual values within the range. For example, it should be considered that a description of a range from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the ranges, such as 1, 2, 3, 4,5, and 6, wherever applicable. In addition, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it is meant to include any reference number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides an austenitic stainless steel welding method, which comprises the steps of assembling two welding units 100, wherein each welding unit is provided with an I-shaped groove 101 and a U-shaped groove 102, the I-shaped groove 101 is welded by laser deep penetration welding, and the U-shaped groove 102 is welded by laser filler wire welding.
According to the application, through the combination of the double-sided laser deep penetration welding and the laser filler wire welding, the penetration depth of the austenitic stainless steel welded by the laser welding reaches more than 50mm, and the austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of more than 50mm can be welded. Meanwhile, by adopting the welding method, the welding groove is small, the filling quantity is small, and the welding stress and deformation are small. In addition, compared with the submerged arc welding or gas shielded welding method of austenitic stainless steel with large thickness, the method has high quality of laser welding seams and fewer defects.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to improve the assembly precision, the application further improves the structure of the welding unit 100, the welding surfaces of the adjacent welding units 100 adopt step welding surfaces, specifically, the I-shaped groove 101 is provided with steps 103, the steps 103 of the adjacent welding units 100 are matched with each other, the application improves the assembly precision of the two welding units 100 by arranging the steps matched with each other on the I-shaped groove 101, the situation that the welding units 100 are misplaced is avoided, and in addition, the welding seam strength of the I-shaped groove 101 with the step 103 structure after welding by laser deep penetration welding is higher.
When the welding unit 100 has the step 103 structure, the welding method includes the steps of:
firstly, performing laser deep penetration welding on the blunt edge of the I-shaped groove 101 on the higher side;
Laser deep penetration welding of the blunt edge of the lower I-groove 101 is then performed.
The welding mode avoids the problem that the gap of the higher side is enlarged due to the shrinkage of the welding seam when laser deep penetration welding of the blunt edge of the I-shaped groove 101 of the lower side is firstly carried out.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to further reduce the welding stress, a welding gap 104 is provided between the adjacent I-grooves 101, the welding gap 104 is located on the first central axis O 1 side, and the welding gap 104 extends along the welding surface direction of the I-groove 101. In a specific embodiment, the welding gap 104 is located below the second central axis O 2, and the width of the welding gap 104 is 0 to 0.5mm. According to the application, the assembly gap is arranged at the I-shaped groove 101 on the lower side, the welding piece is contracted after the welding on the higher side is finished, the I-shaped groove on the lower side is tightly attached, and the stress of the welding piece is reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the root of the U-shaped groove 102 is provided with a flat section 105 and a round angle R 1, the angle of the round angle R 1 is 85-87 degrees, the length D 1 of the flat section 105 is 2-4 mm, and the application improves the size of the U-shaped groove 102 so as to prevent poor laser deep penetration welding surface molding caused by over-narrow root of the U-shaped groove 102.
In a specific embodiment, the angle α of the U-groove 102 is 6 to 10 °, so as to avoid negative angles of the U-groove 102 caused by shrinkage of the weld seam during the welding process, which affects the welding implementation.
In a specific embodiment, the depth W 2 of the U-shaped groove 102 is 13-17 mm. The width W 1 of the I-shaped groove 101 is 26-34 mm, when the welding unit 100 has a step structure, the width W 3 of the steps 103 at two sides is the same, and the width W 3 of the steps 103 is 13-17 mm.
In order to avoid that the height of the step is too high to affect the quality of the weld, in a specific embodiment, the height D 2 of the step 103 is 1-3 mm.
In a specific embodiment, the parameters of the laser deep penetration welding are that the power is 13-15 kW, the welding speed is 35-65 cm/min, the defocusing amount is-15 mm, the shielding gas is N 2 (more than or equal to 99.99%), and the flow is 30-70L/min.
In a specific embodiment, the parameters of laser filler wire welding are that the power is 3-6 kW, the welding speed is 35-65 cm/min, the defocusing amount is 30-60 mm, the shielding gas is N 2 (more than or equal to 99.99%), and the flow is 30-70L/min. The laser filler wire welding adopts austenitic stainless steel welding wires with the diameter phi of 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed is 160-280 cm/min.
The embodiment of the application provides a welding assembly, as shown in fig. 1, the welding assembly comprises two welding units 100, each welding unit 100 is provided with an I-shaped groove 101 and a U-shaped groove 102, the width W 1 of the I-shaped groove 101 is 26-34 mm, the depth W 2 of the U-shaped groove 102 is 13-17 mm, the root of the U-shaped groove 102 is provided with a flat section 105 and a round angle R 1, the angle of the round angle R 1 is 85-87 degrees, and the length D 1 of the flat section 105 is 2-4 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the welding unit 100 of the welding assembly of the present application has a step 103 structure, the presence of the step 103 improves the assembly precision of the two welding units 100, in a specific embodiment, the steps 103 are distributed on two sides of the first central axis O 1, each welding unit 100 forms a concave-convex step structure with the same width and height on two sides of the first central axis O 1, meanwhile, the structures of the steps 103 formed at the welding surface of the I-shaped groove 101 by the adjacent welding units 100 are mutually matched, in a specific embodiment, the width W 3 of the steps 103 is 13-17 mm, and the height D 2 of the steps 103 is 1-3 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to further reduce the welding stress, the assembly of the present application adopts a structure having a welding gap 104, the welding gap 104 being located between the welding surfaces of the steps 103 of the adjacent welding units 100, and the welding gap 104 being located on the first central axis O 1 side, the welding gap 104 extending in the Y-axis direction. In a specific embodiment, the extending direction of the X-axis is the up-down direction defined in the present application, the welding gap 104 is located below the second central axis O 2, and the width of the welding gap 104 is 0 to 0.5mm. According to the application, the assembly gap is arranged at the I-shaped groove 101 on the lower side, the welding piece is contracted after the welding on the higher side is finished, the I-shaped groove on the lower side is tightly attached, and the stress of the welding piece is reduced.
The application completes the assembly and welding of the assembly body by the following modes:
(1) Positioning the welding unit 100 by means of fixture clamping, temporary attachment welding and spot welding;
(2) Firstly, completing laser deep penetration welding of a blunt edge (step 103 welding surface) on the higher side, adjusting a tool, removing temporary accessories, and then performing laser deep penetration welding of the blunt edge on the lower side;
(3) The U-shaped groove 102 with narrow gaps at two sides is subjected to laser filler wire welding.
In the application example, the welding unit 100 shown in FIG. 3 is used for welding a 60mm thick austenitic stainless steel plate, and the structural parameters of the welding unit 100 are that the width W 1 of the I-shaped groove 101 is 30mm (the width W 3 of the step 103 is 15mm, the height D 2 of the step 103 is 2 mm), the depth W 2 of the U-shaped groove 102 is 15mm, the root of the U-shaped groove 102 is provided with a flat section 105 and a round angle R 1, the angle of the round angle R 1 is 86 degrees, the length D 1 of the flat section 105 is 3mm, and the width D 2 of the welding gap 104 is 0.5mm.
The welding parameters are that the power is 14kW, the welding speed is 50cm/min, the defocusing amount is 10mm, the shielding gas is N 2 (more than or equal to 99.99%), and the flow is 50L/min.
The parameters of the laser filler wire welding are that the power is 5kW, the welding speed is 50cm/min, the defocusing amount is 30mm, the shielding gas is N 2 (more than or equal to 99.99 percent), and the flow is 50L/min. The laser filler wire welding adopts austenitic stainless steel welding wires with the diameter phi of 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed is 220cm/min.
The welded seam structure is shown in figure 4, and the welded joint by adopting the welding method of the application is qualified by the radiographic inspection and the tensile test of the welded joint, and the tensile strength of the welded joint is equivalent to that of a base metal.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
While the austenitic stainless steel welding method and the welding assembly provided by the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the examples is only for aiding in understanding the method and core concept of the present application, and meanwhile, the present application should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments and application range of the present application, since the skilled person in the art will change the scope of the present application according to the concept of the present application.
Claims (7)
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| CN202211526757.5A CN116140803B (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Austenitic stainless steel welding method and welding assembly |
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| CN202211526757.5A CN116140803B (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2022-11-30 | Austenitic stainless steel welding method and welding assembly |
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| CN116140803A CN116140803A (en) | 2023-05-23 |
| CN116140803B true CN116140803B (en) | 2025-12-09 |
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| TWI882668B (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2025-05-01 | 台灣光罩股份有限公司 | Steel materials joined by laser welding and laser welding method thereof |
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| CN103008895A (en) * | 2012-12-15 | 2013-04-03 | 华中科技大学 | Narrow gap multi-pass laser welding method for thick plate |
| CN113182688A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Thick plate narrow gap double-beam laser wire filling efficient welding method |
| CN114799526A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 上海交通大学 | Narrow gap laser swing-wire filling composite welding method for ultrahigh-strength steel thick plate |
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