CN116001836A - Side ridge vehicles and the side ridge roads they travel on - Google Patents

Abstract

A side ridge car running on a track belongs to the field of track traffic, and is different from a train: 1, a train controls the running direction of a double-side rail, and a side ridge vehicle controls the running direction of a side ridge of a single-side (left) rail; the train can only turn by using wheel sets and steering frames, while the side ridge vehicles can turn by using steering knuckles and steering trapezoids of the automobiles, the turning radius of the side ridge vehicles is much smaller than that of the train, and the side ridge vehicles can flexibly turn on the streets of the cities like the automobiles. 2, the train can only control the running direction by the track, and the side ridge car can control the running direction by the side ridge of the track and can switch the side ridge road into the track without the side ridge, and the running direction is controlled by the steering wheel like an automobile; therefore, the side ridge vehicles can repair the side ridge road to the highway of the city like automobiles, realize the gate-to-gate rail traffic communicated with the urban and rural areas, and save energy by eighty percent compared with the highway transportation. 3, the simple side ridge road has low cost.

Description

Side ridge vehicles and the side ridge roads they travel on

Technical field:

The invention relates to the field of rail transportation, in particular to a side ridge vehicle and a side ridge road on which the side ridge vehicle travels.

Background technique:

I applied for a patent on June 21, 2021, and the name is: a railroad that can realize door-to-door transportation and a steel wheeled motor vehicle running on the road. The application number is: 202110682397.7, the content of this patent is the background technology.

The main content of this background technology is as follows: a track road is composed of two steel rails on the left and right, wherein there is an upwardly raised ridge called a side ridge in the middle of the left track, and the upper part of the right track is flat and has no upward bulge. Since there is a ridge on the left side, that is, there is a ridge on one side, it is called a side ridge road, as shown in Figure 1. Another type of steel-wheeled vehicle matched with the side-ridge road is called a side-ridge vehicle. The steel wheel on the left side of the side-ridge vehicle has an inwardly sunken opening in the middle of the tread surface, and the steel wheel on the right side has no inwardly sunken opening on the tread surface. When the side ridge car is driving on the matching side ridge road, the steel wheel on the left side of the side ridge car runs on the track on the left side of the side ridge road, and the side ridge above the middle of the left track is just in the middle of the tread of the left steel wheel In the opening, the steel wheel on the right runs on the track on the right side of the side ridge road, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2.

The advantage of existing rail transportation such as trains is that the energy consumption is about one-sixth of road transportation, and the load capacity is large, which is suitable for medium and long-distance transportation. Its disadvantage is that it cannot take detours with small radius curves, cannot enter the city with dense buildings, and cannot realize door-to-door transportation; because of its large load capacity, the investment in repairing the roadbed of the railway is also large; because of its large load capacity, so It is not advisable to build a railway station at the distribution point of small and medium-sized goods, so the transportation of goods at the distribution point of small and medium-sized goods can only be completed by road transportation with high energy consumption; a railway only allows a few trains of a limited number of units to pass, and the frequency of passing trains every day is not appropriate Too much, compared to roads, almost any unit or individual car can pass on it, without prior reservation; in addition, the railway is a double-track control train turning, and the double-track has a congenital defect, that is, it cannot use the steering of the car System, if the vehicles of rail transportation such as train, subway have adopted the steering system of automobile, wheel will derail; The side ridge road of the present invention, side ridge car have just solved this difficult problem; It has not solved the difficult problem that the train can not turn the small radius curved road all the time. The root cause is that the double track controls the driving direction. The distance between will be narrower than when going straight, and then the wheel will derail; , after turning to the trapezoidal, steering bridge and other steering systems, when driving on a curved road, the distance between the left and right wheel tracks (ruts) will be narrowed, but because the side road is a unilateral track to control the driving direction, the right track The upper surface of the wheel is flat without ridges, so the right wheel will not derail due to the narrowing of the rut. So far, the release of the side ridge road and the side ridge car of the present invention has solved the century-old problem of rail transportation.

The main points of the background technology are as follows: it is suitable for rail transportation between small and medium-sized cargo distribution centers, because rail transportation is more energy-saving and carbon-reducing than automobile transportation, and because trains are not suitable for building railway stations in small and medium-sized cargo distribution centers. 2. Railways cannot be built in cities with dense buildings, but side ridge roads can be built on relatively straight roads in the city. Build shorter side ridge roads, so that there will be energy-saving and carbon-reducing rail transportation connecting urban and rural areas. 3. Rail transportation is 80% more energy-efficient than road transportation. For roads with heavy freight, about 2% can be built on the inner side of the road, which reduces some of the high-energy-consuming road transportation. Increased energy efficiency by two percent for rail transport. 4. The side ridge car has a short body, many single sections, and is easy to turn. This kind of rail transit can enter the city. 5. The body of the side ridge car is short, the cargo capacity of each section is less than that of the train, the pressure of the steel wheel on the rail is also low, and the cost of the side ridge road with low pressure is also lower than that of the railway, especially simple The cost of side ridge roads is lower. For example, side ridge roads built outside the city can not be built on roads. Like railways, some sleepers are exposed, and their cost is very low. If the load capacity of each side ridge vehicle is limited and the density of sleepers is increased, temporary side ridge roads can also be built. The foundation cost of such side ridge roads is low. If a certain section of side ridge roads only needs to be used for two or three years, Then we can build temporary side ridge roads, which can be dismantled after two years of use, and the removed sleepers and steel rails can be transported to other places to build temporary side ridge roads, which is the same as building mobile houses It can be used multiple times, and its cost is much lower than that of regular side ridge roads. For example, temporary side ridge roads can be built in mines.

The background technology also has shortcomings, that is, the turning ability is much worse than that of a car. This new invention solves the problem of turning. Eighty percent of the parts of the newly invented side ridge car will adopt parts similar to automobiles, so the manufacturers producing auto parts, and the manufacturers of complete automobiles are most suitable for producing the side ridge car of the present invention.

Invention content:

1. A steel-wheel motor vehicle running on a side ridge road is called a side ridge vehicle, including: a car body, a left wheel 14, and a right wheel 15. The side ridge vehicle can be single-section or multi-section; Be the rail road that is made up of left and right two steel rails, the upper surface of the steel rail on the right side is flat, and there is an upwardly raised ridge called side ridge 18 in the middle of the left side steel rail upper surface. The surface that the wheel contacts with the rail is called the tread 19; there is an inwardly sunken gap 20 in the middle part of the left side wheel tread of the side ridge car, and the tread of the right side wheel is flat without an inwardly sunken gap; When driving on the supporting side ridge road, the inward recessed gap 20 in the middle part of the wheel tread on the left side of the side ridge car just covers the upwardly raised side ridge 18 at the middle part of the rail on the left side of the side ridge road, and the wheel on the right side of the side ridge car just in time. Above the right side rail 17 of the side ridge road, we call the wheel of the above-mentioned side ridge car a unilateral (refer to the left side here) track control and steering device, referred to as a unilateral rail control steering device, and it is characterized in that the side ridge car needs Adopt, absorb, and imitate the steering system of the car, the steering wheel of the car, the steering axle of the car and the steering drive axle of the car, and the steering device such as the wheel set and bogie of the train is not used for the side ridge car; it can also be considered as the side ridge car The single-side track control steering device is combined with the steering system of the car, the steering wheel, the steering bridge and the steering drive axle; after the steering system of the car is applied to the side ridge car, the steering system on the side ridge car includes the steering similar to that of the car. Knuckle, steering trapezoid, etc., wherein the kingpin of the steering knuckle should be installed vertically, the structure and function of the steering trapezoid of the opposite side ridge car are introduced as follows: When the left steering knuckle 9 and the left steering wheel 14 supported by it deflect, in order to make the steering Knuckle 13 and the right steering wheel 15 of its support deflect corresponding angle thereupon, also be provided with steering trapezoid; Steering tie rod 11 is formed; Steering knuckle and steering trapezoid all will be configured and installed on all axles of side ridge car, all wheels of side ridge car have steering knuckle, and steering knuckle housing 35 is connected with steering knuckle on the steering drive axle. The role of the same, see Figure 1 and Figure 2.

In mainland China, the steering wheel of the car is on the left side of the car, the steel wheel with openings on the tread is set on the left side of the side ridge, and the raised side ridge is set on the track on the left side of the side ridge road; In Hong Kong, China, the steering wheel of the car is on the right side of the car, so the steel wheel with openings on the tread surface is set on the right side of the side ridge car, and the raised side ridge is just located on the track on the right side of the side ridge road. The side ridge roads listed in the present invention are all side ridge roads on which the side ridge is located on the left rail; the side ridge vehicles listed in the present invention all have openings on the steel wheel tread on the left steel wheel. Side car.

2. According to the side ridge car described in 1, it is characterized in that: the process of forming the wheels of the side ridge car is: the unilateral rail control steering device of the side ridge car is combined with the wheel of the car from which the tire has been removed, which can also be considered as a side ridge The car should adopt, absorb, and imitate the steering knuckle, hub, spoke and rim of the steering wheel of the car; after adopting, absorbing, and imitating, the wheel of the side ridge car is formed. The schematic diagram of the wheel of the side ridge car is shown in Figure 3: left The middle part of wheel 14 is left steering knuckle 9, and the middle part of right wheel 15 is right steering knuckle 13, and the outer limit of steering knuckle is wheel hub 23, and the outer limit of wheel hub is wheel spoke 22, and the outer limit of wheel spoke is wheel rim 21.

3. According to the side ridge car described in 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the formation process of the steering bridge of the side ridge car is: the side ridge car should adopt, absorb, imitate devices such as the steering bridge of the car as the steering bridge of the side ridge car , it can also be considered that the unilateral rail control steering device of the side ridge car is combined with the steering bridge and other devices of the car to form the steering bridge of the side ridge car; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the steering bridge of the side ridge car, and Figure 4 mainly includes The steering bridge, the wheels at both ends of the steering bridge, and the three major parts of the trapezoidal structure connected to the left and right steering knuckles of the steering bridge, the trapezoidal structure is also called the steering trapezoid; combined with Figure 4, the steering process of the steering bridge of the side ridge vehicle is introduced as follows: The wheel 14 on the left side of the ridge car turns along with the turning of the side ridge 18 on the track, which makes the left steering knuckle 9 also turn, and the turning of the left steering knuckle 9 just causes the motion of the trapezoidal arm 10, and then causes the turning The movement of the tie rod 11 further causes the movement of the trapezoidal arm 12, and the movement of the trapezoidal arm 12 causes the deflection of the right steering knuckle 13, and the deflection of the right steering knuckle 13 drives the right wheel 15 to deflect correspondingly, which realizes The left and right steering wheels steer at the same angle synchronously, see Figure 2 and Figure 4; the steering axle of the side ridge vehicle is generally used on the front axle of the side ridge vehicle or on the axle of the side ridge vehicle trailer, if the steering axle Used on the front axle, the structure of this steering axle is as follows: the front axle is made up of front axle 25, steering knuckle 9 or 13, kingpin 24 and wheel hub 23 etc.; Strength, there is a thickened part near both ends to form a fist, and there is a through hole in it. The main pin 24 is inserted into this hole, and the middle part is bent downward into a concave shape. The purpose is to lower the position of the engine, thereby lowering the side. Ridge the center of mass of the car; expand the driver's field of vision; reduce the angle between the transmission shaft and the transmission output shaft; steering knuckle: as shown in Figure 4, the steering knuckle 9 or 13 is the hinge for the wheel 14 or 15 to turn, and he is a fork The upper and lower forks have two coaxial holes for installing the kingpin, the steering knuckle journal is used to install the wheels, and the two lugs of the pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with the fist-shaped parts at both ends of the front axle through the kingpin, so that the front wheel It can deflect a certain angle around the kingpin to make the side ridge car turn; in order to make the steering flexible, a bearing is installed between the lower ear of the steering knuckle and the fist part of the front axle; kingpin: the function of the kingpin is to hinge the front axle and the steering knuckle , so that the steering knuckle swings around the kingpin to realize the steering of the wheel; the middle part of the kingpin is cut with a groove; when installing, use the kingpin fixing bolt to match the groove on it, and fix the kingpin to the fist-shaped hole of the front axle Middle; the kingpin and the pin hole on the steering knuckle are in dynamic fit in order to realize steering; wheel hub: the wheel hub is supported on the journal at the outer end of the steering knuckle through two tapered roller bearings; the tightness of the bearing can be adjusted by the nut (installed on Bearing outer end) to be adjusted; if the steering axle is not the front axle, such as the axle of the trailer, then the composition of the axle is mostly the same as that of the front axle, and the difference with the front axle is: if it is not placed on the axle engine, then the middle of it just needn't be bent downwards into a concave shape, see Fig. 2,4. Note: The unilateral track-controlled steering axle of the side ridge car can also be called the unilateral track-controlled steering axle, the track-controlled steering axle, or the steering axle.

4. According to the side ridge car described in 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the formation process of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car is: the side ridge car should adopt, absorb, and imitate the steering drive axle of an automobile as the steering drive of the side ridge car The bridge can also be considered as the combination of the unilateral rail control steering device of the side ridge car and the steering drive axle of the car to form the steering drive axle of the side ridge car; Figure 5 shows the combination of the wheels of the side ridge car and the steering drive axle of the car And the schematic diagram of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car formed, this figure is mainly composed of two parts, one part is the wheel part of the side ridge car, which represents the unilateral rail control steering device of the side ridge car; the other part is the steering drive axle part, It represents the steering drive axle part of the side ridge car, except for the left rail 16, the right rail 17 and the side ridge 18 in the figure; the combination of the above two parts shows that the side ridge car adopts, absorbs, and imitates the car. Steering drive axle; In conjunction with Fig. 5, the steering drive axle part of the side ridge car is introduced as follows: the two ends of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car are respectively left wheel 14 and right wheel 15, and the steering drive axle of the side ridge car has both general The final drive 27, differential 29, and axle shafts 30 and 34 that the drive axle of the automobile has; also have the steering knuckle housing 35, the kingpin 24 and the wheel hub 23, etc. that the general steering axle has; Compared with the drive axle and the steering axle of the side ridge car, the difference is that due to the needs of steering, the half shaft is divided into two sections, called the inner half shaft 30 and the outer half shaft 34, and the two are universal At the same time, the main pin 24 is divided into upper and lower sections, which are respectively fixed on the spherical support 36 of the universal joint; the steering knuckle journal 33 is made hollow so that the outer half shaft can pass through it; the steering knuckle The connecting fork is a spherical steering knuckle housing 35, which not only meets the needs of steering, but also adapts to the force transmission of the steering knuckle; this steering drive axle is generally used on the rear axle of the side ridge car, see Figures 2 and 5; Note: The unilateral track control steering drive axle of the side ridge car can also be called the unilateral track control steering drive axle, can also be called the track control steering drive axle, and can also be called the steering drive axle.

Side ridge vehicles can be divided into two types, one is non-switching side ridge vehicles, which can only drive on side ridge roads with side ridges; the other is switchable side ridge vehicles, which can drive on side ridge roads with side ridges Driving on the side ridge can switch to driving on the side ridge without the side ridge again, and the vehicle axles of the switchable side ridge car must also all be switchable vehicle axles. In this specification, the side ridge car we mentioned generally refers to the non-switchable side ridge car; when we refer to the switchable side ridge car, it is best to use the three words "switchable".

5. According to the side ridge car described in 1, 2, 3, 4, it is characterized in that the main structure and axle layout of the non-switching side ridge car are as follows: in the non-switching side ridge car, use the The steering trapezoid in the steering system is used as the steering trapezoid of the side ridge car without switching, and the steering bridge described in 3 is used as the steering bridge of the side ridge car without switching, and the steering bridge is generally used on the front axle of the side ridge car or with On the axle of the side ridge trailer, the steering drive axle described in 4 is used as the steering drive axle of the non-switching side ridge vehicle, and is generally used on the rear axle. The side ridge vehicle formed in this way is suitable for use on tracks with side ridges. Going up, we call this side ridge car the side ridge car without switching, see Figure 10; Two axles, the front axle is generally the steering axle 40, and the rear axle is generally the steering drive axle 41; the trailer of the side ridge car is represented by the trailer 39 of the side ridge car, and the axle of the trailer is generally the steering axle 40; note: in the figure In 10, generally, in multi-section side ridge vehicles, we call the first section of side ridge vehicles side ridge vehicles, and represent them with side ridge vehicles 38, and call the following sections the trailers of side ridge vehicles, and use The trailer 39 of side ridge car represents, and we express the whole body of steering axle described in 3 with steering axle 40, and the whole body of steering axle described in 4 is represented with steering axle 41,

In the switchable side ridge vehicle, there are two modes for controlling the driving direction of the side ridge vehicle. One is when the side ridge vehicle has a side ridge under the steel wheel with openings, the side ridge mainly controls the driving direction of the side ridge vehicle; The other is that when there is no side ridge under the steel wheel with openings on the side ridge car, it is switched to a steering mode similar to that of a car. The bridge is a steering bridge, the rear axle is equivalent to the driving axle, and the axle of the side ridge car trailer is equivalent to the non-steering support bridge; when the side ridge car is running on the track with side ridges, all its axles can turn; When the side ridge car is switched from a track with a side ridge to a track without a side ridge, usually its front axle will be switched to a steering axle controlled by the steering wheel, and its rear axle will be switched to a non-steering, steering axle controlled by the steering gear. For the straight drive axle, the axle of its trailer should be switched to a non-steering support bridge controlled by the steering gear; in order to prevent the derailment of the vehicle on the side ridge, the track of the section without the side ridge should be widened, and the track without the side ridge should be compared Short, such as the section where two roads intersect, the section where a curved road turns with a small radius, the section where a side ridge vehicle enters or exits a station, the section where a side ridge vehicle changes lanes from the inner lane of the highway to the outer lane, or a side ridge The section where the car runs on the outer lane of the highway is suitable for paving the side ridge road without side ridge. The length of the side-ridge road without side-ridge accounts for a small proportion in the whole journey of the side-ridge road, but it is of great significance for the side-ridge vehicle that can switch between the side-ridge road with side-ridge and the side-ridge without side-ridge. The scope of application of rail transit has been expanded. This kind of rail transit can be laid on roads, can be driven into cities, warehouses, and the gates of farmers' markets, can be driven underground like subways, and can be built in small and medium-sized cargo distribution centers The side train station, which is impossible for traditional trains; the side train can replace part of the high-energy road vehicle transportation. When the side ridge car is driving on the road, it generally drives on the inner lane of the road, because the side ridge is on the left track, which means that the side ridge is very close to the center line of the road, so that it is very close to the center line of the road on most roads. Without side ridges, cars can travel on the outside lanes without hindrance.

6. According to 1, 2, and 3, the side ridge car is characterized in that the switchable steering axle is a switchable side ridge car axle; on the basis of rights 2, 3, combined Figure 2, a kind of axle that can switch between two states, we call this kind of axle a kind of axle that can switch between the state of a single-side track-controlled steering axle and the state of a steering wheel-controlled steering axle, Referred to as a switchable steering axle, this kind of steering axle is generally used on the front axle of a side ridge vehicle; Figure 6 and Figure 7 can reflect this switchable steering axle, and this switchable steering axle can be divided into two types according to its function Two parts; the first part is the steering bridge part, as in Figure 6 and Figure 7, remove the steering wheel 1, steering shaft 2, steering universal joint 3, steering drive shaft 4, steering gear 5, steering rocker arm 6, steering Straight rod 7, steering knuckle arm 8, remaining part after electromagnet 45 and manipulator graspable object 46 is basically the same as Fig. 4, and this part is exactly the steering bridge part of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, and the detailed structure of steering bridge part and 3 The steering bridge described in is the same, except that the steel rail 16,17 and side ridge 18 among the figure; The structure of the steering bridge part of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is introduced as follows: if it is used on the front axle, it consists of the front axle 25, Steering knuckle 9 or 13, kingpin 24 and wheel hub 23 etc. are formed. Front axle: its section is generally I-shaped. In order to improve the torsional strength, there is a thickened part near both ends to form a fist shape. There is a through hole in it. The main pin 24 is inserted into this hole, and the middle part is bent downward to form a concave. shape, the purpose of which is to lower the position of the engine, thereby lowering the center of mass of the side ridge; expanding the driver's field of vision; reducing the angle between the drive shaft and the output shaft of the transmission; steering knuckle: as shown in Figure 4, steering knuckle 9 or 13 is the hinge that wheel 14 or 15 turns to, and he is a fork. The upper and lower forks have two coaxial holes for installing the kingpin, and the steering knuckle journal is used to install the wheels; the two lugs of the pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with the fist-shaped parts at both ends of the front axle through the kingpin, so that the front wheel can rotate around the main axle. The pin deflects at a certain angle to make the side ridge vehicle turn; in order to make the steering flexible, a bearing is installed between the lower ear of the steering knuckle and the fist part of the front axle; Kingpin: The function of the kingpin is to hinge the front axle and the steering The joint swings around the kingpin to realize the steering of the wheel; the middle part of the kingpin is cut with a groove; when installing, the kingpin fixing bolt is used to match the groove on it, and the kingpin is fixed in the fist-shaped hole of the front axle; The pin and the pin hole on the steering knuckle are in dynamic fit to realize steering; wheel hub: the wheel hub is supported on the journal at the outer end of the steering knuckle through two tapered roller bearings; the tightness of the bearing can be adjusted by the nut (installed on the outer end of the bearing ) to be adjusted; the second part of this switchable steering axle is the part that switches between the two steering devices, and this second part can be subdivided into three groups. The first group consists of the left wheel 14 and the left steering knuckle 9 It is composed of one-sided track control steering device; the second group is composed of steering wheel 1, steering shaft 2, steering universal joint 3, steering transmission shaft 4, steering gear 5, steering rocker arm 6, steering straight rod 7, steering The device composed of the knuckle arm 8 is the steering device controlled by the steering wheel; the third group is the device composed of the steering straight rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8, which is responsible for the connection between the first group of steering devices and the second group of steering devices. The device of switching back and forth, the effect of electromagnet 45 and manipulator graspable object 46 is placed in the back and is explained again; The switching process of the switching device of the second part is as follows: Pull rod 7 leaves steering knuckle arm 8, and at this moment the wheel is in the state of unilateral track-controlled steering bridge, as shown in Figure 6; Connected with the steering knuckle arm 8, at this time the wheels are switched to the state of the steering axle under the control of the steering wheel, see Figure 7; 7 is switched to the state of leaving the steering knuckle arm 8 again, and now the wheels are switched to the state of the single-side rail-controlled steering bridge, as shown in Figure 6; The switch between the states of the steering axle under the control of the disc; in this switching process, on the track below the left wheel, the switch between the side ridge and no side ridge is first performed, followed by the steering straight rod 7 and the steering The subsequent switching between the separation and connection of the knuckle arm 8, so we can call the switching between whether there is a side ridge or not an active switching, and the separation and connection between the steering straight tie rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8 is called a driven switching; When there is no side ridge below the steel wheel at the left end of the axle, the steering straight tie rod 7 is connected with the steering knuckle arm 8. At this moment, the wheel is in the steering state under the control of the steering wheel. At this time, the driver's operation process is as follows: At this time, the driver applies a steering torque to the steering wheel 1; the torque is input to the steering gear 5 through the steering shaft 2, the steering universal joint 3 and the steering transmission shaft 4; the torque amplified by the steering gear 5 and the decelerated motion are transmitted to Steering rocker arm 6 is then transmitted to the steering knuckle arm 8 fixed on the left steering knuckle 9 through the steering straight rod 7, so that the left steering knuckle and the left steering wheel supported by it are deflected; in order to make the steering knuckle 13 and the right steering wheel supported by it The wheels deflect corresponding angles accordingly, and a steering trapezoid is also provided; the steering trapezoid is composed of trapezoidal arms 10, 12 fixed on the left and right steering knuckles and a steering tie rod 11 whose two ends are connected with the trapezoidal arms as ball joints, as shown in Figure 2 , 4, 6, 7.

7. According to 2, 3, and 6, the described side ridge car is characterized in that the switchable axle is a kind of axle of the switchable side ridge car, and on the basis of 2, 3, it can be generated in two We call this kind of axle a switchable axle that can be switched between the state of a unilateral track-controlled steering axle and the state of a steering-controlled non-steering support axle, referred to as a switchable axle. Bridge, this kind of axle is generally used on the axle of the trailer of the side ridge car; Figure 8 and Figure 9 are two graphics reflecting this switchable axle, and the generation process of this switchable axle is as follows : on the basis of Fig. 6, remove steering wheel 1, steering shaft 2, turn to universal joint 3, and just obtain Fig. 8 after steering transmission shaft 4, and Fig. 8 is exactly the figure of vehicle axle under the single-side track control steering bridge state; Figure 9 is obtained after removing the steering wheel 1, the steering shaft 2, the steering universal joint 3, and the steering transmission shaft 4 on the basis of Figure 7, and Figure 9 is the figure of the axle under the state of supporting the bridge; Figure 8 and Figure 9 can reflect If this vehicle axle, this switchable vehicle axle can be divided into two major parts by functional classification, the first part is the steering axle part, as in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, remove steering gear 5, turn to rocker arm 6, turn to straight Pull bar 7, steering knuckle arm 8, remaining part after electromagnet 45 and electronic hand graspable object 46 is basically the same as Fig. 4, and this part is exactly the steering bridge part of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, and steel rail 16, 17 and among the figure Except for the side ridge 18; the second part of this switchable axle is the part that switches between the two states, this second part can be subdivided into three groups, the first group consists of the left wheel 14 and the left steering knuckle 9 , it is a single-side track control steering device; the second group is a device composed of a steering gear 5, a steering rocker arm 6, a steering straight rod 7, and a steering knuckle arm 8. It is a non-steering device controlled by a steering gear. The steering here The non-steering device controlled by the steering gear is to give the steering gear a function, that is, to enable the steering gear to turn the wheels to the straight direction, and to lock them in this direction. In this way, the current axle is equivalent to becoming The non-steering support bridge is removed; the third group is a device composed of the steering straight rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8, which is responsible for switching back and forth between the first group of steering devices and the second group of non-steering devices, and the electromagnet 45 and the effect of manipulator graspable object 46 are placed in the back and then explained; the difference between Fig. 8 and Fig. 9: Fig. 9 does not have side ridge 18, and the steering straight rod 7 of Fig. 9 is connected with steering knuckle arm 8, while Fig. 8 has side ridge Ridge 18, the steering straight tie rod 7 of Fig. 8 is separated from the steering knuckle arm 8; the switching process of the switching device in Fig. When the steering knuckle arm 8 is separated, the wheels at both ends of the axle are in the unilateral rail-controlled steering state, as shown in Figure 8; When the joint arm 8 is connected, the wheels at the two ends of the axle are in the state of not turning and going straight under the control of the steering gear. At this time, the current axle is equivalent to a non-steering support bridge, as shown in Figure 9; the detailed structure of the steering axle part and 3 The steering axle and the front axle described in are exactly the same, so I won’t go into details here, except for the rails 16, 17 and side ridges 18 in the figure; if this axle is not the front axle, then the composition of the axle is mostly the same The same as the bridge, the difference with the front axle is: if the engine is not placed on the axle, then the middle of the axle does not have to be bent downward into a concave shape, see Figure 2, 4;

8. According to the side ridge car described in 4 and 7, it is characterized in that the switchable drive axle is a kind of axle of the switchable side ridge car, and on the basis of claims 4 and 7, it can be generated in two A kind of axle that switches between states, we call this kind of axle a kind of axle that can be switched between the state of the unilateral rail-controlled steering drive axle and the state of the steering gear-controlled non-steering drive axle, referred to as switchable drive Bridge, this kind of vehicle axle is generally used on the rear axle of side ridge car; Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 are exactly two figures of the drive axle of reaction switchable; The generation process of Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 is as follows: If turn to Device 5, transition rocker arm 6, turn to straight tie rod 7, steering knuckle arm 8, electromagnet 45 and manipulator can grasp object 46 and transplant in Fig. 5, just obtain Fig. 14; Arm 6, steering rod 7, steering knuckle arm 8, electromagnet 45 and manipulator graspable object 46 are transplanted into Fig. 5, and Fig. 15 is obtained; Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 can reflect a kind of driving axle with two states , these two states are respectively the drive axle state of unilateral rail control steering (see Figure 14), and the drive axle state of steering gear control without turning straight (see Figure 15); if this switchable drive axle is classified by function Can be divided into two parts, the first part is the steering drive axle part, as in Figure 14 and Figure 15, remove the steering gear 5, steering rocker arm 6, steering straight rod 7, steering knuckle arm 8, electromagnet 45 and manipulator can grasp Remaining part after thing 46 is basically the same as Fig. 5, and this part is exactly the steering drive axle part of Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, except steel rail 16,17 and side ridge 18 among the figure; The second of this switchable drive axle Part is the part that switches between the devices that produce the two states, and this second part can be subdivided into three groups. The first group consists of the left wheel 14 and the left steering knuckle housing 35 (in the steering drive axle, the steering knuckle housing Body 35 is equivalent to the steering knuckle 9 in the steering bridge), which is a single-side track control steering device; the second group is composed of steering gear 5, steering rocker arm 6, steering straight rod 7, and steering knuckle arm 8 It is a non-steering device controlled by the steering gear. The non-steering device controlled by the steering gear here is to enable the steering gear to turn the wheels to the straight direction and lock them in the straight direction. In this way, the current car The bridge becomes a non-steering support bridge; the third group is a device composed of a steering straight rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, which is responsible for switching back and forth between the first group of steering devices and the second group of non-steering devices device, the electromagnet 45 and the effect of the graspable object 46 of the manipulator are placed in the back and then explained; At this time, the wheels at both ends of the axle are in the state of the unilateral track-controlled steering drive axle, as shown in Figure 14; when the bottom of the left wheel is switched from having side ridges to no side ridges, the steering straight rod 7 is switched to be connected with the steering knuckle arm. 8 is in the connected state. At this time, the wheels at both ends of the axle are switched to the state of the non-turning and straight driving drive axle controlled by the steering gear, as shown in Figure 15; First of all, we call it active switching; and the switch between whether the steering tie rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8 are separated or not, then we call it driven switching; the first part of Figure 14 and Figure 15 is the steering drive axle part The structure of the drive axle is as follows: the two ends of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car are respectively, the left wheel 14 and the right wheel 15, and the steering drive axle has the final drive 27 that the general drive axle has, the differential 29 and the axle shaft 30 and 34; also have the steering knuckle housing 35 that general steering bridge has, kingpin 24 and wheel hub 23 etc. Compared with the drive axle of a separate car and the steering axle of a side ridge car, the difference is that the half shaft is divided into two sections due to the need for steering, which are called the inner half shaft 30 (connected to the differential) With outer half shaft 34 (connected with hub), the two are connected with constant angular velocity universal joint 32. Simultaneously, kingpin 24 is therefore also divided into upper and lower two sections, which are respectively fixed on the spherical bearing 36 of the universal joint. The steering knuckle journal 33 is made hollow so that the outer half shaft passes therethrough. The connecting yoke of the steering knuckle is a spherical steering knuckle housing 35, which not only meets the needs of steering, but also adapts to the force transmission of the steering knuckle. The switchable drive axle is generally used on the rear axle of the switchable side ridge car, see Figure 2, 5;

9. According to the side ridge vehicle described in 6, 7, and 8, it is characterized in that, in the switchable side ridge vehicle, the switchable steering axle described in 6 is used as a kind of axle of the switchable side ridge vehicle , is usually used at the position of the front axle, and the corresponding figures are Figure 6 and Figure 7; use the switchable axle described in 7 as a switchable side ridge car axle, usually used in trailers On the vehicle axle, its corresponding figure is Fig. 8 and Fig. 9; Use the switchable drive axle described in 8 to do a kind of vehicle axle of switchable side ridge car, this vehicle axle is usually used on the rear axle, Its corresponding figure is Fig. 14 and Fig. 15; Utilize above-mentioned three kinds of switchable axles to form a side ridge car that can be switched between the side ridge road with side ridge and the side ridge without side ridge like this, we put This side ridge car is called a switchable side ridge car, and the axles of the switchable side ridge car must all be switchable vehicle axles, as shown in Figure 11, and Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the switchable side ridge car; in Figure 11 Among them, the first joint of the switchable side ridge car is represented by the side ridge car 38, and the trailer of the switchable side ridge car is represented by the trailer 39 of the side ridge car, and the front axle of the side ridge car is generally described in 6 with the switchable The steering axle 42 of the side ridge car is generally represented by the switchable drive axle 43 described in 8, and the axle of the side ridge car trailer is generally represented by the switchable vehicle axle 44 described in 7. Above-mentioned three kinds of axles all will use switching device.

In order to connect the straight tie rod 7 with the steering knuckle arm 8, there are many ways. In order to prevent one end of the straight tie rod 7 from hindering the movement of the steering knuckle arm 8, try to make one end of the straight tie rod 7 leave the steering knuckle arm 8. Some distances can also be achieved in many ways, one of which is introduced here as follows:

10. The side ridge car according to 6, 7, 8, and 9 is characterized in that several mechanical fingers are installed on one end of the steering straight rod 7, and a mechanical hand can be grasped at a certain place away from the steering knuckle arm 8. 46. An electromagnet 45 is set on the outside of the object 46 that can be grasped by the manipulator; when there is no external force, one end of the steering straight rod 7 is close to the steering knuckle arm 8, and the steering knuckle arm 8 is grasped with a mechanical finger; when the left end of the axle When the following of the wheel is switched from no side ridges to side ridges, the straight tie rod 7 is turned to open the mechanical fingers, the electromagnet 45 is energized, and the suction force produced by the electromagnet 45 is sucked to one end of the straight tie rod 7 to the graspable object 46 of the manipulator. At this moment, the mechanical fingers turning to the straight tie rod 7 have just grasped the graspable object 46 of the manipulator, and at this moment, the electromagnet is de-energized, and the electromagnetic force is lost; Fig. 14; When the bottom of the wheel at the left end of the axle is switched to no side ridge, the mechanical fingers at one end of the steering rod 7 are opened, and the graspable object 46 of the manipulator is broken away. Just get back (return to) before the steering knuckle arm 8, and grab the steering knuckle arm 8 with the mechanical finger, which has just realized the connection of the steering straight tie rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8. Now, for Fig. 7, the wheel Just be in the steering state under steering wheel control; For Fig. 9 and Fig. 15, wheel just is in the straight-ahead state under steering gear control.

11. According to the side ridge vehicle described in 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, it is characterized in that the method and the switching process of the switchable side ridge vehicle between the road sections with side ridge and without side ridge are as follows: There are three methods of switching, one is manual switching, which is generally completed by the driver; the other is automatically completed by intelligent means such as computers, sensors, programs, etc., and the third is completed by combining artificial intelligence with computer intelligence; It is necessary to perceive and judge whether there is any change in the side ridge under the wheel (this change means that the side ridge under the left wheel of the side ridge vehicle changes from having a side ridge to having no side ridge, or from having no side ridge to having a side ridge), for example The perception and judgment are made by the driver, or by intelligent means such as computers and sensors; for each side road, where is the side switch point, which is stored in the computer storage of the side car or in the cloud storage There are records, and signal boards, signal lights, etc. can also be set beside the side road to send out the signal of how far the distance from the front needs to be switched. In this way, according to the speed of the car, the driver and the smart computer can make a judgment When is the operation of switching; also configure the equipment used for switching, some of these equipment need to be operated manually, and some need computers, programs, automatic control equipment, etc. to operate, which can solve when the electromagnet 45 is energized , Power off? When does the manipulator grab the manipulator graspable object 46? When to grab the knuckle arm 8? When to let go? When to carry out a series of specific issues such as whether there is a side ridge or not.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a switchable side ridge vehicle and its axle. The switchable side ridge vehicle can run on both the side ridge road with side ridge and the side ridge road without side ridge. When driving on the side ridge road with side ridge, its steering is from the left side of the side ridge It is controlled by the direction of the side ridge, we call it unilateral track steering, and all types of axles on the side ridge must be steered; when the side ridge is switched from a side ridge with a side ridge to When there is no side ridge on the side ridge road, the steering should be switched to be similar to the steering of the car. At this time, the side ridge car should be switched from the single-side track control steering to the mode of imitating the steering of the car. The steering of the car mode is usually the front axle. The steering axle is the steering axle, the rear axle is the drive axle, and the trailer axle is the non-steering support axle. In summary, the "switching" involved in the present invention includes three types of switching, that is, when there is a side ridge, the front axle of the side ridge vehicle is usually a unilateral track-controlled steering axle, and the rear axle is usually a unilateral track-controlled steering axle. Steering drive axle, the axle of the trailer is usually a single-sided rail-controlled steering axle. When the side ridge route is switched from side ridge to no side ridge, the front axle of the side ridge vehicle is switched from a single-side rail-controlled steering axle to a steering wheel-controlled steering axle. We refer to this switched axle as a switchable steering axle for short. Axle; the rear axle is switched from a single-side rail-controlled steering drive axle to a drive axle that is controlled by the steering gear and does not turn to the straight-going state. We refer to this switched axle as a switchable drive axle; The steering axle is switched to a support axle that is controlled by the steering gear and does not turn to the straight state. We refer to this switched axle as a switchable axle for short. Above-mentioned " switching " needs a switching device, and this switching device is exactly the device that is made up of straight tie rod 7 and steering knuckle arm 8 among Fig. 6,7,8,9,14,15. When there is a side ridge under the steel wheel on the left side of the side ridge car, the straight tie rod 7 will leave the steering knuckle arm 8. At this time, the steering knuckle arm 8 will not be controlled by the steering straight tie rod 7. It is in the state of unilateral rail control steering, see Fig. 6 or Fig. 8 or Fig. 14, wherein Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 are in the state of unilateral rail control steering axle, and Fig. 14 is in the state of unilateral rail control steering drive axle; When the steel wheel on the left side of the car is switched from side ridge to no side ridge, the steering straight rod 7 is switched to the position of the steering knuckle arm 8 and connected with the steering knuckle arm 8. At this time, the steering knuckle arm 8 is steered. Control from the straight tie rod 7, the axle at this time is switched to a steering state similar to that of a car axle; if the axle is a front axle at this time, it is generally switched to a steering axle state controlled by a steering wheel, as shown in the figure 7. At this time, if the vehicle axle is the rear axle, it is generally switched to the state of the non-steering drive axle controlled by the steering gear, as shown in Figure 15; if the vehicle axle is the trailer axle at this time, it is generally switched to the state of See Figure 9 for the state of the support bridge that is not turned to go straight and is controlled by the steering gear. In the above switching device, the straight steering rod 7 is switched between the two positions of connecting the steering knuckle arm 8 and leaving the steering knuckle arm 8. How is the steering straight rod 7 connected to the steering knuckle arm 8 here? How did you disconnect it? What power is used to make the steering straight rod 7 move between the two positions? There can be multiple methods, and now one method is introduced as follows: Take Fig. 6 as an example, in Fig. 6, one side of the steering rod 7 is the knuckle arm 8, and a manipulator is arranged in turn on the other side of the steering rod 7 Graspable object 46 and electromagnet 45, a manipulator is set at the end of steering straight pull rod, and this manipulator can grasp steering knuckle arm 8 when approaching steering knuckle arm 8; Catch the graspable object 46 of the manipulator. In normal times, the steering straight tie rod 7 is close to the steering knuckle arm 8, and the steering knuckle arm 8 is grasped with mechanical fingers; The fingers are opened, and the connection with the steering knuckle arm 8 is broken away. At this moment, the electromagnet 45 is energized to generate an electromagnetic force, and this electromagnetic force will draw the steering rod 7 to the graspable object 46 of the manipulator. At this time, the steering rod 7 is used The manipulator has grasped the graspable object 46 of the manipulator, and at this moment, the electromagnet is powered off, and the electromagnetic force is lost, which realizes the purpose of making the steering straight rod 7 switch to leave the steering knuckle arm 8, and at this moment the wheel is on one side See Figure 6, Figure 8, and Figure 14 for track steering status. Because in normal times, the steering straight tie rod 7 is close to the steering knuckle arm 8, the steering straight tie rod 7 is attracted by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet to the vicinity of the graspable object 46 of the manipulator. When there is no side ridge, after the manipulator opens its mechanical fingers, due to the effect of elastic force, the straight tie rod 7 will leave the manipulator and can grab the object 46 and bounce back (recover) to a position close to the steering knuckle arm 8. At this time, the manipulator grabs Live steering knuckle arm 8, and this has just realized the purpose that steering straight rod 7 switches back and forth in two positions. In Fig. 11, the front axle of the side ridge car is represented by 42, and what it represents is that what Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 indicate is the switchable steering axle; The rear axle of the side ridge car is represented by 43, and what it represents is Fig. 14 And the switchable drive axle shown in Fig. 15; The axle of side ridge car trailer is represented with 44, and what it represents is the switchable axle shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9. In the switchable side ridge car, when there is a side ridge under the left wheel, the front axle of the side ridge car is in the state of a single-side track-controlled steering axle, and the rear axle is in the state of a single-side track-controlled steering drive axle. The axle of the trailer is in the state of unilateral track-controlled steering axle; when the left wheel is switched from having side ridges to no side ridges, the front axle of the side ridge vehicle is switched to the state of steering axle controlled by the steering wheel, and the rear axle is controlled by the steering wheel. The bridge is then switched to a non-steering, straight-going drive axle state controlled by the steering gear, and the vehicle axle of the side ridge trailer is switched to a non-steering, straight-going support bridge state controlled by the steering gear.

12. A side ridge road for the side ridge vehicle described in 1. The side ridge road is composed of two rails, wherein the middle part of the upper surface of the left rail has an upward raised ridge called side ridge, and the side ridge of the right rail is The upper surface is flat and there is no upwardly protruding side ridge; when the side ridge vehicle matched with the side ridge road is driving on this side ridge road, the inward depression in the middle of the steel wheel tread on the left side of the side ridge vehicle just covers the The side ridge on the rail below it, and the steel wheel on the right side is just in the middle of the right side rail. It is characterized in that because the side ridge road has more detours than the railway of the train, and the minimum curve radius of the detour is also smaller than The railway is small, and because the side ridge car adopts the steering system of the car, the distance between the left and right wheels of large and medium-sized freight vehicles is greater than the standard gauge. I think it is better to have a wider side ridge road. , the side-ridge road is on the straight section, the distance between the two rails on the side-ridge road, that is, the gauge cannot be narrower than the gauge of the standard railway, that is, on the straight-line section, the distance between the two rails on the side-ridge road is the gauge The distance should be greater than or equal to 1435mm. The distance between the left and right rails of the side ridge road refers to the distance between the center line of the side ridge of the left rail and the center line of the upper surface of the right rail on the straight section.

13. A side ridge road for the side ridge vehicle described in 1. The side ridge road is composed of two rails, wherein the middle part of the upper surface of the left rail has an upwardly protruding ridge called side ridge, and the side ridge of the right rail is The upper surface is flat and there is no upwardly protruding side ridge; when the side ridge vehicle matched with the side ridge road is driving on this side ridge road, the inward depression in the middle of the steel wheel tread on the left side of the side ridge vehicle just covers the It lives on the side ridge on the rail below it, and the steel wheel on the right is just in the middle of the right rail. It is characterized in that the side ridge road is before entering a detour with a small curve radius, or before entering a cross road, or entering Before a branch road, or before entering several side ridge roads and merging into one side ridge road, or before entering the road change section between the inner and outer lanes of the highway, or before entering a U-turn road, for side ridge roads with side ridges , you can switch to a side-ridge road without a side-ridge first, and then enter a detour with a small curve radius, or enter a crossroad, or enter a branch road, or enter a side-ridge road where several side-ridge roads merge into one side-ridge road, Or enter the side ridge road that changes lanes, or enter the U-turn road, see Fig. 12,13. There is the junction of side ridge and no side ridge, promptly there is side ridge and the front and back sections of the switching point without side ridge. Note: The detours with small curve radius mentioned above generally refer to detours with relatively small radius, which is the same as what we usually call a sharp turn or a dead turn.

Some people may have such a question, that is, with trains, light rails, and subways, is it redundant to introduce sidecars now? With the non-switching side ridge car, is it necessary to introduce the switching side ridge car? First, in terms of energy consumption, rail transportation is one-fifth of road transportation. There are some highways with heavy cargo transportation, especially those lines with relatively concentrated starting stations and terminal stations. Second, train transport has many limitations, and trains must have a switchman at the turnout, which requires that the frequency of trains passing on the same railway should not be too much, and the unit to which the train belongs Not too much, for example, a thousand cars passing the same road can belong to a thousand different units. The side ridge road with side ridge is switched to the side ridge road without side ridge in advance, then the side ridge vehicle can pass through the fork road with the same frequency as the car, and no switchman is needed; train transportation is only suitable for large-scale cargo transportation. The small batch of goods is not suitable for building a railway station, and the side rail car is suitable for medium-volume cargo transportation, such as wholesale markets and medium-sized warehouses. After the steering system, its turning radius is much smaller than that of the train, which provides convenience for sidecars entering the city; when the switchable sidecar is introduced, it will turn around on the sideroads connecting urban and rural areas, The bifurcated side ridge road is even more unimpeded.

The traditional railway can only make big turns, not small turns, so it can only be built outside the city; while the side ridge road can make small turns, so it can be built outside the city or on the road in the city , It is also convenient to build underground, so that the side ridge road can connect the rail transit outside the city, in the city, and underground to form a full-coverage, energy-saving rail transit network. Because side roads can be switched between with side roads and without side roads, side roads can enter the city; because side road vehicles can undertake small batches of goods transportation, small batches of transportation lines can repair side roads for rail transportation Road, small-scale cargo distribution points can build side-ridge train stations, so that some lines that cannot be repaired can also realize energy-saving rail transportation, and some small and medium-sized cargo distribution points that cannot build railway stations can also build side-ridge trains station. The side ridge car can go directly to the large farmer's market, realizing door-to-door traffic.

To sum up, the steering of transportation can be divided into two categories from different angles. The first category is classified from the perspective of road control steering, which can be subdivided into two sub-categories. The first sub-category is bilateral The track controls the steering. For example, in a traditional railway, the left and right rails control the steering of the train or subway. The second subclass is unilateral track control steering, such as the side ridge road is exactly the steering of the side ridge control side ridge car by the side ridge of unilateral (left side) track. The second category is classified from the perspective of vehicle configuration affecting steering, and can also be subdivided into two sub-categories. The first sub-category uses steering facilities such as wheelsets and bogies of traditional trains. Its characteristics are: when turning, the axle is always perpendicular to the tangent of the tangent point of the track curve, and the distance between the left and right wheel tracks (ie ruts) is eternal; its disadvantage is: it cannot turn a detour with a small curve radius. The second subcategory is to utilize steering facilities such as steering knuckle, steering trapezoid, steering bridge, steering wheel of automobile. Its characteristic is: when turning, the distance between the left and right wheel tracks is smaller than that when going straight, that is, the distance between the wheel tracks is narrowed when turning; its advantage is: it can turn a detour with a small curve radius. Referring to the above classification, the side ridge car has three characteristics as follows: First, the side ridge car of the background technology (that is, the one I applied for a patent in 21 years) can use steering components such as wheel sets and bogies, and can use double-track control direction railway. The second, the non-switchable side ridge car of the preceding part of the present invention narrates, and it uses steering facilities such as the steering knuckle of automobile, steering trapezoid and steering bridge, uses the direction of unilateral track (side ridge) control turning to. The 3rd, the switchable side ridge car described in the latter part of the present invention, it has carried out switchable transformation to the steering axle of automobile, can switch back and forth between the track that has side ridge and the track without side ridge, like this , it can use the advantages of different modes to drive according to changes in road conditions. It can be concluded that side ridge cars can not only use equipment such as train wheelsets and bogies to run on double-track steering tracks, but also use automobile steering knuckles, steering trapezoids, and steering wheels to run on single-track steering tracks. Driving on the road, so as to realize the detours that can turn small radius curves. And traditional train and subway have adopted steering systems such as wheelset and bogie, so it has the shortcoming that can not turn small curve radius detour, and this defective has not been overcome so far.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the side ridge car wheel and the side ridge road. In Fig. 1, the left side, the right side and the middle of the side ridge road rail 16,17 are the road surface 37 of the road, the upper surface of the road surface and the rail The upper surfaces are basically on the same plane. The steel wheel tread on the right side of the side ridge car is flat. When the side ridge car is driving, the driving direction of the side ridge car is controlled by the side ridge of the unilateral (here refers to the left side) rail. We call this kind of steering unilateral rail control steering, and the steering of the car can be called steering. The dial controls the steering. Fig. 1 is mainly an introduction to the background technology patent. In the background patent, the steering of the side ridge car is mainly completed with devices such as wheel sets and bogies, while the steering of the present invention has been developed into steering knuckles, steering bridges and steering axles similar to automobiles. Turn to trapezoid to finish. Side ridge roads may not be laid on roads, just like railways, the steel rails and some sleepers of side ridge roads can be exposed, and the cost of such roads is relatively low; side ridge roads can also be laid on roads, usually on two-way multi-lane roads On the inner lane of the road, only when entering the station or entering the gate of each household, do you drive on the outer lane of the road. Generally, the side ridge road on the outer lane has no side ridge, and the length is relatively short. Details are in the background described in the patent specification.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the steering system of the side ridge car and the wheels of the side ridge car. In Fig. 2, the left steering knuckle is at the middle part of the left side wheel of the side ridge car, and the right steering knuckle is at the center of the right side wheel of the side ridge car The middle part; Fig. 2 is composed of two parts, the first part includes: the left and right steel wheels and the left and right rails of the side ridge car, and the concave gap in the middle part of the tread of the left steel wheel just covers the upward raised side ridge of the left rail; the second part Most of them are basically the same as the mechanical steering system of a car. The second part specifically includes three parts: the first part includes steering wheel 1, steering shaft 2, steering universal joint 3, steering drive shaft 4, steering gear 5, steering The device consisting of the rocker arm 6, the straight steering rod 7, and the steering knuckle arm 8 is called the steering part controlled by the steering wheel. This device will be used on the switchable steering axle at the back; the second part includes the steering gear 5, Steering rocker arm 6, steering straight tie rod 7, and steering knuckle arm 8 constitute the device, and some modifications are made to the steering gear. The steering gear after the modification has only one function, which is to return the wheels of the side ridge car to make the current car The wheels at both ends of the bridge keep going straight. This device is called the steering part controlled by the steering gear. This device will be used on the non-steering support bridge that can be switched later; the third part includes the left and right steering knuckles, axles, left and right trapezoidal arms and steering The device that tie rod forms, this device is called trapezoidal structure, also is turned to trapezoid, and this device is the device that can make left and right wheels synchronously turn to corresponding angle, and this device will be used on all vehicle axles of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the side rail car wheel, which is a structural diagram of the wheel of the side rail car formed by combining the background side rail car wheel with the steering wheel of the car with the tire removed.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steering bridge of the side ridge car without switching and the positional relationship between the steel wheels at its two ends, the steering bridge in Fig. The only difference is that the wheels of side ridge cars have no tires, the rims of the wheels are made of thick and heavy steel, and the outer surface of the rims is the tread that contacts the track.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car without switching and the positional relationship between the steel wheels at both ends thereof. The similarities and differences between the steering drive axle in Fig. 5 and the drive axle of the car: the drive axle of the car Some of them are non-steering, while the drive axle of the side ridge must be steered, and all types of axles of the side ridge must also be steered; most of the steering drive axles of the car are set in the front row, while the side ridge The steering drive axle of the car is generally arranged on the rear row of the side ridge car, that is, on the rear axle.

Figure 6 is a switchable steering axle, which is in the axle of the side ridge car that can switch between the state of the single-side rail-controlled steering axle and the state of the steering wheel-controlled steering axle, when switching to the state of the single-side rail-controlled steering axle Schematic diagram of the bridge.

Fig. 7 is a switchable steering axle, which is in the axle of the side ridge car that can be switched between the state of the unilateral rail-controlled steering axle and the state of the steering wheel-controlled steering axle, when the vehicle is switched to the state of the steering wheel-controlled steering axle Schematic diagram of the bridge.

Figure 8 is a switchable axle, which is switched to a single-side rail-controlled steering axle among the axles that can switch between the unilateral rail-controlled steering bridge state and the steering gear-controlled non-steering support bridge state of the side ridge car state; Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram when switching to a state where the steering gear does not steer to the supporting axle, that is, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 respectively represent two states of the same switchable axle.

Fig. 9 is a switchable axle, it is in the axle of the side ridge car that can switch between the state of the unilateral track control steering bridge and the state of the steering gear control without steering support bridge, switch to the steering gear control without steering support The schematic diagram during the bridge state; the difference between Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 has: in Fig. 8, side ridge 18 is arranged above the track 16 below its left steel wheel 14, and one end of steering straight tie rod 7 is leaving the steering knuckle arm 8; in Fig. 9, there is no side ridge 18 above the track 16 below its left steel wheel 14, and one end of the steering straight tie rod 7 is at the position connected with the steering knuckle arm 8; in view of this, the figure Figure 8 and Figure 9 respectively reflect that under the condition of switching between with or without side ridges and without side ridges, the wheels at both ends of the axle are also switched to different steering states.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a non-switching side ridge vehicle and its axle. Side ridge cars have single sections and multi-section carriages. We call the first section side ridge cars, and the subsequent sections are called side ridge car trailers. In the non-switching side ridge car, generally the front axle of the first section is a single-side track-controlled steering axle, and the rear axle of the first section is a unilateral track-controlled steering drive axle. The axles on the trailer of the side ridge car are generally It is a single-side track-controlled steering axle. In Fig. 10, we represent the front axle of the side ridge car and the vehicle axle of the side ridge car trailer with 40, and what it represents is the single-side track control steering bridge shown in Fig. 4; Bridge is represented by 41, and what it represents is the one-sided rail control steering drive axle shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a switchable side ridge vehicle and its axle.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of crossing, bifurcation and merging of side ridge roads. When the side ridge road encounters an intersection, a fork road intersection, a turning point with a small curve radius and a U-turn on the side ridge road, the side ridge road can switch the side ridge road with a side ridge to a non-side ridge before the above position On the side ridge road, after switching to the side ridge road without side ridge, the side ridge vehicle passes through the above-mentioned position again, as shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 . The position where the side ridge road switches between the side ridge and no side ridge is called the switching point. It is better to have a straight section of the side ridge road before and after the switching point. Generally speaking, each straight section of the road is the best. It is greater than or equal to the maximum length of side ridge vehicles allowed on this section. The side ridge road is first switched to the side ridge road without side ridge, and then the intersection, fork road intersection, turnout, etc. are set.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a side ridge road having a side ridge when turning a detour with a small curve radius and when turning around.

Figure 14 is a switchable drive axle, which is switched to unilateral track control steering in the axle of the side ridge car that can be switched between the state of the unilateral track-controlled steering drive axle and the state of the steering gear-controlled non-steering drive axle Schematic diagram of drive axle status.

Figure 15 is a switchable drive axle, which is switchable between the state of the unilateral track-controlled steering drive axle and the state of the steering gear without steering drive axle in the side ridge car, switching to steering gear control without steering Schematic diagram of drive axle status. The difference between Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 has: in Fig. 14, side ridge 18 is arranged above the track 16 below its left side steel wheel 14, and one end of steering straight tie rod 7 is on the position away from steering knuckle arm 8; In Fig. 15, there is no side ridge 18 above the track 16 below the left steel wheel 14, and one end of the steering straight tie rod 7 is at the position connected with the steering knuckle arm 8; from this point of view, Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 respectively reflect In the case of switching between side ridges and no side ridges, the wheels at the two ends of the axle are also switched to the state of steering under different controls. In summary, the commonality of Fig. 6, Fig. 8 and Fig. 14 is: when there is a side ridge under the left wheel at the left end of the axle, one end of the steering straight rod 7 is separated from the steering knuckle arm 8, and the wheel is on one side at this time. (left side) track control steering state; Fig. 7, Fig. 9, the generality of Fig. 15 is: when there is no side ridge below the left wheel of the axle left end, an end of the straight tie rod 7 is connected with the steering knuckle arm 8, at this moment The wheels are in a non-unilateral (left) track-controlled steering state, that is, switched to a steering state similar to that of a car.

Among them, 1—steering wheel, 2—steering shaft, 3—steering universal joint, 4—steering transmission shaft, 5—steering gear, 6—steering rocker arm, 7—steering straight rod, 8 ——steering knuckle arm, 9—left steering knuckle, 10, 12—trapezoidal arm, 11—steering tie rod, 13—right steering knuckle, 14—left wheel, 15—right wheel, 16— Left rail, 17—right rail, 18—side ridge, 19—tread, 20—inward concave part of wheel tread, 21—rim, 22—spoke, 23—hub, 24— King pin, 25—axle, 26—bearing, 27—final reducer, 28—final reducer housing, 29—differential, 30—inner half shaft, 31—half shaft sleeve , 32—constant angular velocity universal joint, 33—steering knuckle journal, 34—outer half shaft, 35—steering knuckle shell, 36—spherical bearing, 37—road surface, 38—side Ridge car, 39——side ridge car trailer, 40——steering axle, 41——steering drive axle, 42——switchable steering axle, 43——switchable drive axle, 44——switchable car Bridge, 45—electromagnet, 46—manipulator graspable object, 47—side ridge road intersection, 48—with and without side ridge switching point, 49—with side ridge on the left track, 50—the left track without side ridge, 51—the U-turn road section.

Detailed ways:

About the manufacture of side ridge car: because only the wheel rim of the side ridge car is made of thick and strong steel, most of the other parts are similar to those of automobiles, so at first the present invention will be introduced to automobile manufacturers, Including automobile manufacturers and auto parts manufacturers, automobile manufacturers have more advantages in manufacturing sidecars. Regarding the construction of side-ridge roads: at the beginning, the exclusively-used side-ridge roads should be mobilized first for pilot road construction and pilot transportation. For example, the side-ridge roads between factories and mines, factories and ports, and railway stations should be built first, and then after the pilot project Expand promotion.

Because sidecars can enter the city, the number of compartments of sidecars is small, and the length of each car is similar to that of a car. The cargo loaded in each car is much less than that of trains. Sidecar stations can be built in small and medium-sized cargo distribution centers. Trains are only suitable for building railway stations in large cargo distribution centers. Therefore, with the side rail cars and side roads, we can build side roads in some places that are not suitable for railway construction, so that the proportion of energy-saving rail transportation will be increased, and the proportion of high energy-consuming road transportation will be reduced. The side ridge car has the most advantages in the transportation between small and medium cargo distribution centers.

The side ridge cars entering the city are generally single cars, and there are few cars with more than two cars, and each car is very short, so that it is convenient to turn on the city streets. The number of side ridge car joints that do not enter the city can be more, and the length of each joint can be longer. There are two rows of wheels on the single-section side ridge car, each row has a wheel on the left and right sides, and there are four wheels in total.

The order of priority for repairing side ridge roads is as follows: 1. The exclusive side ridge roads shall be built first. 2. Simple side ridge roads are given priority to construction, and temporary, short-term simple side ridge roads are built. This kind of road is like a mobile house, and the cost is low. After the sleepers and rails are removed, they can still be used repeatedly. The sleepers are required to be denser, and the cargo carrying capacity of the side ridge vehicle traveling on it is less. The length of each section of the side ridge car is shorter than that of the train, and the pressure of each steel wheel of the side ridge car on the track is much smaller than that of the train. The pressure on the side ridge road is smaller than that of the railway, so the cost is also low. The simple side ridge road The cost is even lower. 3. Select road sections with large cargo transportation volume to give priority to building side ridge roads. 4. Build side ridge roads on the inner lanes of highways with large traffic volumes, which increases the proportion of energy-saving and low-cost rail transportation. There are three steps for the development of side ridge roads: the first step is to tentatively develop isolated side ridge roads; the second step is to develop a local side ridge road network centered on the city, using side ridge roads to connect the city with ports and railway stations, Connect adjacent cities; the third step is to develop a side-ridge road network that connects the whole country, so that vegetables and fruits in the north and south are connected to each other, and door-to-door transportation between vegetable and fruit bases and farmers' markets is realized.

Before the trial production of side roads and side roads, in order not to waste, we first found a toy factory and asked them to help us make toy models of side roads and side roads. I saw the battery-driven ones played by children. Small trains and plastic or wooden tracks, assuming that they can definitely do the following experiments: the first, make the side ridge road with side ridge on the left rail and the side ridge car with inward depression on the left wheel tread, use battery Use it as the power, and the remote control as the switch, let the toy side car drive on the toy side road to see if he can go up and down? Look at the ratio of the side ridge to the wheel, what is the appropriate ratio to the gauge? Can the side ridge drive on the side ridge road after the steering knuckle, steering trapezoid, and steering bridge similar to the car are loaded onto the side ridge car? Second, make a toy switchable steering axle, switchable axle, and switchable drive axle, and then use these three kinds of axles to assemble a switchable side car, using batteries as power to see if he can Toggle between ridged and ridged roads without ridges? Save money by experimenting with toy models.

Claims (13)

1. A steel wheel motor vehicle driving on a side ridge road calls a side ridge vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body, a left wheel 14 and a right wheel 15, wherein the side ridge vehicle can be single-section or multi-section; the middle part of the tread of the left wheel of the side ridge vehicle is provided with an inward concave notch 20, and the tread of the right wheel is flat and has no inward concave notch; when the side ridge vehicle runs on a side ridge road matched with the side ridge vehicle, a notch 20 which is concave inwards in the middle of a tread of a wheel on the left side of the side ridge vehicle is exactly covered on a side ridge 18 which is convex upwards in the middle of a steel rail 16 on the left side of the side ridge road, and the wheels on the right side of the side ridge vehicle are exactly arranged on a steel rail 17 on the right side of the side ridge road, and the side ridge vehicle is characterized in that the side ridge vehicle adopts, absorbs and imitates a steering system of an automobile, steering wheels of the automobile, a steering axle of the automobile and a steering drive axle of the automobile, and can also be regarded as a single-side rail control steering device of the side ridge vehicle, the steering wheels, the steering axle and the steering drive axle of the automobile; after the steering system of the automobile is applied to the side ridge automobile, the steering system on the side ridge automobile comprises a steering knuckle, a steering trapezoid and the like which are similar to the automobile, wherein a main pin of the steering knuckle is required to be vertically installed; the structure and the functions of the steering trapezium of the contralateral ridge vehicle are introduced as follows: when the left steering knuckle 9 and the left steering wheel 14 supported by the left steering knuckle are deflected, a steering trapezoid is also arranged for deflecting the right steering knuckle 13 and the right steering wheel 15 supported by the right steering knuckle by a corresponding angle; the steering trapezoid consists of trapezoid arms 10 and 12 fixed on left and right steering knuckles and a steering tie rod 11 with two ends in spherical hinge connection with the trapezoid arms; the steering knuckle and the steering trapezoid are arranged and installed on all axles of the side ridge vehicle, and the steering knuckle is arranged on all wheels of the side ridge vehicle, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.

2. The side ridgepole of claim 1, wherein the side ridgepole wheels are formed by: the single-side rail control steering device of the side ridge vehicle is combined with the tire-removed wheels of the automobile, and can be considered as a steering knuckle, a hub, a spoke and a rim in the steering wheels of the automobile to be adopted, absorbed and imitated by the side ridge vehicle; after being adopted, absorbed and simulated, the wheels of the side ridge vehicle are formed; a schematic diagram of the wheels of the side ridge vehicle is shown in fig. 3: the middle part of the left wheel 14 is a left knuckle 9, the middle part of the right wheel 15 is a right knuckle 13, the outer edge of the knuckle is a hub 23, the outer edge of the hub is a spoke 22, and the outer edge of the spoke is a rim 21.

3. The side ridgepole according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the steering bridge of the side ridgepole is formed by: the steering bridge of the side ridge vehicle is adopted, absorbed and imitated as the steering bridge of the side ridge vehicle, and can also be considered as a steering bridge formed by combining a single-side rail control steering device of the side ridge vehicle with the steering bridge of the vehicle and other devices; fig. 4 is a schematic view of a steering axle of a side ridge vehicle, and fig. 4 mainly comprises a steering axle, wherein wheels at two ends of the steering axle and steering trapezoids connected with left and right steering knuckles of the steering axle are three in major parts, and a left steel rail 16, a right steel rail 17 and a side ridge 18 are excluded; the steering trapezium is also called a trapezium structure; the steering process of the steering axle of the side ridged vehicle is described below with reference to fig. 4: the wheels 14 on the left side of the side ridge car in running turn along with the turning of the side ridge 18 on the track, so that the left steering knuckle 9 turns along with the turning, the turning of the left steering knuckle 9 causes the movement of the trapezoid arm 10, and then causes the movement of the tie rod 11, and then causes the movement of the trapezoid arm 12, the movement of the trapezoid arm 12 causes the deflection of the right steering knuckle 13, and the deflection of the right steering knuckle 13 drives the right wheels 15 to deflect along with the corresponding angle, so that the synchronous same-angle turning of the left steering wheel and the right steering wheel is realized, and the two steering wheels are shown in fig. 2 and 4; the steering axle of the side truck is generally used on the front axle of the side truck or on the axle of the trailer of the side truck, and if the steering axle is the front axle, the steering axle has the following structure: the front axle consists of a front axle 25, a steering knuckle 9 or 13, a main pin 24 and a hub 23; front axle: the cross section is generally arched, and in order to improve torsional strength, a thickened part is arranged near two ends to form a fist shape, wherein a through hole is arranged, a main pin 24 is inserted into the through hole, and the middle part is bent downwards to form a concave shape, so that the position of an engine is lowered, and the mass center of a side ridge vehicle is lowered; enlarging the driver's field of view; reducing the included angle between the transmission shaft and the transmission output shaft; steering knuckle: as shown in fig. 4, the knuckle 9 or 13 is a hinge for steering the wheel 14 or 15 and is also a fork; the upper fork and the lower fork are provided with two coaxial holes for mounting a main pin, and the knuckle neck is used for mounting wheels; two lugs of a pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with fist-shaped parts at two ends of the front shaft through a main pin, so that the front wheel can deflect around the main pin for a certain angle to steer the side ridged vehicle; in order to make steering flexible, a bearing is arranged between the lower lug of the steering knuckle and the fist-shaped part of the front axle; kingpin: the main pin is used for hinging the front axle and the knuckle, so that the knuckle swings around the main pin to realize steering of wheels; the middle part of the main pin is cut with a groove, and the main pin is fixed in a fist-shaped hole of the front shaft by matching a main pin fixing bolt with the groove on the main pin during installation; the main pin is in movable fit with a pin hole on the knuckle so as to realize steering; hub: the wheel hub is supported on the shaft neck at the outer end of the steering knuckle through two tapered roller bearings, and the tightness of the bearings can be adjusted by adjusting nuts; if the steering axle is not a front axle, the axle is largely identical to the front axle in that: if no engine is placed on this bridge, the middle does not have to be bent downwards into a concave shape, see fig. 2,4.

4. The side ridge vehicle according to claim 1,2, wherein the steering drive axle of the side ridge vehicle is formed by: the steering drive axle of the side ridge car is adopted, absorbed and imitated as the steering drive axle of the side ridge car, and can also be considered as a steering drive axle of the side ridge car formed by combining a single-side rail control steering device of the side ridge car with the steering drive axle of the car, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the steering drive axle of the side ridge car formed by combining the wheels of the side ridge car with the steering drive axle of the car, wherein the schematic diagram mainly comprises two parts, and one part is a wheel part of the side ridge car and represents the single-side rail control steering device of the side ridge car; the other part is a steering drive axle part which represents the steering drive axle part of the side ridge vehicle, except for the left steel rail 16, the right steel rail 17 and the side ridge 18, the two parts are combined together to represent that the side ridge vehicle adopts, absorbs and imitates the steering drive axle of the automobile; referring to fig. 5, the structure of the steering drive axle portion of the side truck is described as follows: the two ends of the steering drive axle of the side ridge vehicle are respectively provided with a left steering wheel 14 and a right steering wheel 15, and the steering drive axle of the side ridge vehicle is provided with a main speed reducer 27, a differential 29 and half shafts 30 and 34 which are arranged on the drive axle of a common automobile; also has a knuckle housing 35, a kingpin 24, a hub 23, and the like, which are provided in a general steering axle; compared with a separate driving axle of an automobile and a steering axle of a side ridge automobile, the steering axle is different in that a needed half axle for steering is divided into two sections, namely an inner half axle 30 and an outer half axle 34, which are connected by an equiangular speed universal joint 32; at the same time, the kingpin 24 is thus also divided into upper and lower segments, each fixed to the ball bearing 36 of the universal joint; the knuckle spindle 33 is made hollow so that the outer axle shaft passes therethrough; the connecting fork of the steering knuckle is a spherical steering knuckle shell 35, so that the steering requirement is met, and the force transmission of the steering knuckle is adapted; the steering drive axle is generally used on the rear axle of a side ridge vehicle, as shown in fig. 2 and 5.

5. The side ridged cart according to claims 2,3,4, wherein the main structure of the non-switching side ridged cart and the layout of the axle are as follows: in the non-switching side ridged vehicle, using the steering trapezoid in the steering system as claimed in claim 1 as the steering trapezoid of the non-switching side ridged vehicle; a steering axle as defined in claim 3 is used as a steering axle for a non-switching side truck, typically on a front axle of a non-switching side truck or on an axle for a trailer of a non-switching side truck; a steering drive axle of the steering drive axle as a non-switching side ridge vehicle is generally used on a rear axle; the side ridge vehicles formed by the method are suitable for running on the rails with side ridges, and are called as non-switching side ridge vehicles, as shown in fig. 10; in fig. 10, a first section of the non-switching side truck is shown by side truck 38, the first section typically having two axles, a front axle typically being a steer axle 40 and a rear axle typically being a steer drive axle 41; the trailer of the non-switching side truck is represented by the trailer 39 of the side truck, the axle of which is typically the steering axle 40.

6. A side ridged vehicle according to claims 1,2 and 3, wherein the switchable steering axle is an axle of the switchable side ridged vehicle; based on the claims 2,3, in combination with fig. 2, an axle can be generated that is switched between two states, we call this axle a kind of axle that can be switched between a single-side track-controlled steering axle state and a steering-wheel-controlled steering axle state, simply called a switchable steering axle; fig. 6 and 7 can reflect such a switchable steer axle, which if classified by function can be divided into two major parts; the first part is a steering axle part, as in fig. 6 and 7, the steering wheel 1, the steering shaft 2, the steering knuckle 3, the steering transmission shaft 4, the steering gear 5, the steering rocker 6, the tie rod 7, the knuckle arm 8, the electromagnet 45 and the robot graspable object 46 are removed, and the remaining part is substantially the same as in fig. 4, except for the rails 16, 17 and the side ridge 18 in fig. 6 and 7; the structure of the steer axle portion of fig. 6 and 7 is described as follows: if this steer axle is used on a front axle, then the structure of this steer axle is as follows: the front axle consists of a front axle 25, a steering knuckle 9 or 13, a main pin 24 and a hub 23; front axle: the cross section is generally arched, and in order to improve torsional strength, a thickened part is arranged near two ends to form a fist shape, wherein a through hole is arranged, a main pin 24 is inserted into the through hole, and the middle part is bent downwards to form a concave shape, so that the position of an engine is lowered, and the mass center of a side ridge vehicle is lowered; enlarging the driver's field of view; reducing the included angle between the transmission shaft and the transmission output shaft; steering knuckle: as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the knuckle 9 or 13 is a hinge for steering the wheel 14 or 15 and is also a fork; the upper fork and the lower fork are provided with two coaxial holes for mounting a main pin, and the knuckle neck is used for mounting wheels; two lugs of a pin hole on the steering knuckle are connected with fist-shaped parts at two ends of the front shaft through a main pin, so that the front wheel can deflect around the main pin for a certain angle to steer the side ridged vehicle; in order to make steering flexible, a bearing is arranged between the lower lug of the steering knuckle and the fist-shaped part of the front axle; kingpin: the main pin is used for hinging the front axle and the knuckle, so that the knuckle swings around the main pin to realize steering of wheels; the middle part of the main pin is cut with a groove, and the main pin is fixed in a fist-shaped hole of the front shaft by matching a main pin fixing bolt with the groove on the main pin during installation; the main pin is in movable fit with a pin hole on the knuckle so as to realize steering; hub: the wheel hub is supported on the shaft neck at the outer end of the steering knuckle through two tapered roller bearings, and the tightness of the bearings can be adjusted by adjusting nuts; the second part of the switchable steering axle, which is in turn subdivided into three groups, is the part switched between the two steering devices, the first group consisting of the left wheel 14 and the left knuckle 9, which is a single-sided track-controlled steering device; the second group is a device composed of a steering wheel 1, a steering shaft 2, a steering universal joint 3, a steering transmission shaft 4, a steering gear 5, a steering rocker 6, a steering tie rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, and is a steering device controlled by the steering wheel; the third group is a device consisting of a steering straight pull rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, which is a device responsible for switching back and forth between the first group of steering devices and the second group of steering devices, and the actions of an electromagnet 45 and a manipulator grippable object 46 are placed on the back and then are replaced; the switching process of the switching device of the second part is as follows: when a side ridge is arranged below the steel wheel at the left end of the axle, the steering straight pull rod 7 leaves the steering knuckle arm 8, and the wheel is in a single-side steering axle state, as shown in fig. 6; when the lower surface of the steel wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from a side ridge to a side ridge, the steering straight pull rod 7 is switched to be connected with the steering knuckle arm 8, and the wheels are switched to be in a steering axle state under the control of the steering wheel, as shown in fig. 7; when the lower part of the steel wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from no side ridge to a side ridge, the steering straight pull rod 7 is switched to a state of leaving the knuckle arm 8, and the wheel is switched to a state of a single-side rail control steering axle, as shown in fig. 6; the switching between the state of the steering axle controlled by the single-side rail and the state of the steering axle controlled by the steering wheel is realized by the wheels at the two ends of the axle; when no side ridge is arranged below the steel wheel at the left end of the axle, the steering straight pull rod 7 is connected with the steering knuckle arm 8, the wheel is in a steering state under the control of the steering wheel, and the driver operates as follows: when the side ridge vehicle turns, a driver applies a steering torque to the steering wheel 1, and the steering torque is input into the steering device 5 through the steering shaft 2, the steering universal joint 3 and the steering transmission shaft 4; the torque amplified by the steering gear 5 and the motion after the speed reduction are transmitted to the steering rocker 6, and then transmitted to the steering knuckle arm 8 fixed on the left steering knuckle 9 through the steering straight pull rod 7, so that the left steering knuckle and the left steering wheel supported by the left steering knuckle are deflected; in order to deflect the knuckle 13 and the right steering wheel supported by it by a corresponding angle, a steering trapezoid is also provided; the steering trapezoid consists of trapezoid arms 10, 12 fixed on left and right steering knuckles and a tie rod 11 with both ends in ball hinged connection with the trapezoid arms, see fig. 2,6 and 7.

7. A side ridged vehicle according to claims 2,3 and 6, wherein the switchable axle is an axle of the switchable side ridged vehicle, an axle switchable between two states is generated on the basis of claims 2 and 3, we call this axle a vehicle axle switchable between a single-sided steered-rail axle state and a steering-non-steered-support-axle state, simply switchable axle, fig. 8 and 9 being two figures reflecting this switchable axle; the switchable axle is produced as follows: the steering wheel 1, the steering shaft 2, the steering universal joint 3 and the steering transmission shaft 4 are removed on the basis of fig. 6, and then fig. 8 is obtained, and fig. 8 is a graph of an axle in a state of a single side rail steering axle; the steering wheel 1, the steering shaft 2, the steering universal joint 3 and the steering transmission shaft 4 are removed on the basis of fig. 7, so that fig. 9 is obtained, and fig. 9 is a graph of an axle in a state that the steering device is not used for steering the supporting axle; figures 8 and 9 show a switchable axle which, if functionally divided into two parts, is the steering axle part, the first part being the steering axle part, as in figures 8 and 9, the steering arm 6, the tie rod 7, the knuckle arm 8, the electromagnet 45 and the robot graspable 46 remaining after removal of the steering gear 5, the steering arm, the tie rod 7, the rails 16, 17 and the side edges 18 being excluded from the figures, the steering axle part of figures 8 and 9 having the construction as described in claims 3 and 6; the second part of this switchable axle is the part that switches between two states, which can be divided into three groups, the first group consisting of the left wheel 14 and the left knuckle 9, which is a single-sided track-controlled steering device; the second group is a device consisting of a steering gear 5, a steering rocker arm 6, a steering straight pull rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, which is a steering gear controlled non-steering device, wherein the steering gear controlled non-steering device is a function for the steering gear, namely the steering gear can steer wheels to a straight direction and is locked in the direction; the third group is a device consisting of a steering straight pull rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, and is responsible for switching back and forth between the first group of steering devices and the second group of non-steering devices, and the actions of an electromagnet 45 and a manipulator grippable object 46 are placed on the back and then are replaced; the difference between fig. 8 and fig. 9 is that: fig. 9 does not have a side ridge 18, the tie rod 7 of fig. 9 is connected to the knuckle arm 8, and fig. 8 has a side ridge 18, the tie rod 7 of fig. 8 is separated from the knuckle arm 8; the switching process of the switching device of fig. 8 and 9 is as follows: when a side ridge is arranged below the wheel at the left end of the axle, the steering straight pull rod 7 is separated from the knuckle arm 8, and the wheels at the two ends of the axle are in a single side rail steering state, as shown in fig. 8; when the lower part of the wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from a side ridge to a side ridge-free state, at the moment, the steering straight pull rod 7 is connected with the steering knuckle arm 8, the wheels at the two ends of the axle are in a state of not steering and straight running under the control of the steering gear, and at the moment, the current axle is equivalent to a non-steering supporting axle, as shown in fig. 9; when the lower part of the steel wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from no side ridge to a side ridge, the steering straight pull rod 7 is switched to a state of leaving the knuckle arm 8, and the wheel is switched to a single-side rail control steering state, as shown in fig. 8.

8. A side ridged vehicle according to claim 4 and claim 7, wherein the switchable drive axle is an axle of the switchable side ridged vehicle, on the basis of claim 4 and claim 7 an axle is generated which is switchable between two states, we call this axle a switchable axle between a single-sided track steering drive axle state and a steering-non-steering drive axle state, in short a switchable drive axle; FIGS. 14 and 15 are two graphs reflecting a switchable drive axle; the generation process of fig. 14 and 15 is as follows: if the steering gear 5, the steering arm 6, the tie rod 7, the knuckle arm 8, the electromagnet 45 and the robot graspable object 46 of fig. 8 are transplanted to fig. 5, fig. 14 is obtained; if the steering gear 5, the steering arm 6, the tie rod 7, the knuckle arm 8, the electromagnet 45 and the robot graspable object 46 of fig. 9 are transplanted to fig. 5, fig. 15 is obtained; FIGS. 14 and 15 are illustrations of a drive axle having two states, a single side steering drive axle state, and a steering drive axle state in which steering is not in a straight line; the switchable drive axle, if divided into two major parts according to the functional classification, the first part is the steering drive axle part, as in fig. 14 and 15, except for the rails 16, 17 and the side edges 18 in the figures, the steering gear 5, the steering rocker 6, the tie rod 7, the knuckle arm 8, the electromagnet 45 and the robot graspable 46 are removed, and the remaining parts are substantially the same as in fig. 5; the second part of the switchable drive axle, which is the part switched between the devices that produce the two states, is subdivided into three groups, the first group consisting of the left wheel 14 and the left knuckle housing 35, which is a single-sided track-controlled steering device; the second group is a device consisting of a steering gear 5, a steering rocker arm 6, a steering straight pull rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, which is a steering gear controlled non-steering device, wherein the steering gear controlled non-steering device is a function for the steering gear, namely the steering gear can steer wheels to a straight direction and is locked in the direction; the third group is a device consisting of a steering straight pull rod 7 and a steering knuckle arm 8, which is a device responsible for switching back and forth between the first group of steering devices and the second group of non-steering devices, and the actions of an electromagnet 45 and a manipulator grippable object 46 are placed on the back and then are replaced; the specific switching process of the switchable drive axle is as follows: when a side ridge is arranged below the left wheel, the steering straight pull rod 7 is separated from the knuckle arm 8, and the wheels at the two ends of the axle are in a single-side rail steering drive axle state, as shown in fig. 14; when the lower surface of the left wheel is switched from a side ridge to a side ridge-free state, the steering straight pull rod 7 is switched to be in a connection state with the steering knuckle arm 8, and the wheels at the two ends of the axle are switched to be in a driving axle state which is controlled by the steering gear and does not turn straight, as shown in fig. 15; when the lower part of the steel wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from no side ridge to a side ridge, the steering straight pull rod 7 is switched to a state of leaving the knuckle arm 8, and the wheel is switched to a state of a single-side rail control steering drive axle, as shown in fig. 14; the first portion of fig. 14 and 15, namely, the transaxle portion, is structured as follows: the two ends of the steering drive axle of the side ridge vehicle are respectively provided with a left steering wheel 14 and a right steering wheel 15, and the steering drive axle of the side ridge vehicle is provided with a main speed reducer 27, a differential 29 and half shafts 30 and 34 which are arranged in a general automobile drive axle; also has a knuckle housing 35, a kingpin 24, a hub 23, and the like, which are provided in a general steering axle of an automobile; compared with a separate driving axle of an automobile and a steering axle of a side ridge automobile, the steering axle is different in that a needed half axle for steering is divided into two sections, namely an inner half axle 30 and an outer half axle 34, which are connected by an equiangular speed universal joint 32; at the same time, the kingpin 24 is thus also divided into upper and lower segments, each fixed to the ball bearing 36 of the universal joint; the knuckle spindle 33 is made hollow so that the outer axle shaft passes therethrough; the connecting fork of the steering knuckle is a spherical steering knuckle shell 35, so that the steering requirement is met, and the force transmission of the steering knuckle is adapted; the switchable drive axle is generally used on the rear axle of a switchable side ridged vehicle, see fig. 5, 14 and 15.

9. A side ridged vehicle according to claims 6,7 and 8, wherein in the switchable side ridged vehicle, a switchable steering axle according to claim 6 is used as an axle of the switchable side ridged vehicle, generally in the position of the front axle, with the corresponding figures being fig. 6 and 7; an axle using the switchable axle of claim 7 as a switchable side ridge vehicle, which is generally used on an axle of a trailer, and the corresponding graph is shown in fig. 8 and 9; an axle for a switchable side ridged vehicle using the switchable transaxle of claim 8, the axle being generally used on a rear axle, the figures corresponding to figures 14 and 15; thus, the three switchable axles are used for forming a side ridge vehicle capable of switching between a side ridge road with a side ridge and a side ridge road without a side ridge, the side ridge vehicle is called as a switchable side ridge vehicle, and the axles of the switchable side ridge vehicles are all switchable axles, as shown in fig. 11; fig. 11 is a schematic view of a switchable side truck, in fig. 11 a first section of which is indicated by a side truck 38, and a trailer of which is indicated by a trailer 39; the front axle of the switchable side-ridge vehicle is generally indicated by the switchable steering axle 42 according to claim 6, the rear axle is generally indicated by the switchable drive axle 43 according to claim 8, and the axle of the trailer is generally indicated by the switchable axle 44 according to claim 7.

10. The side ridged vehicle according to claims 6,7,8 and 9, wherein a plurality of mechanical fingers are mounted to one end of the tie rod 7, a robot graspable object 46 is provided at a position apart from the knuckle arm 8, and an electromagnet 45 is provided outside the robot graspable object 46; when no external force acts, one end of the steering tie rod 7 approaches the knuckle arm 8, and the knuckle arm 8 is grasped by a mechanical finger; when the lower surface of the wheel at the left end of the axle is switched from a non-side ridge to a side ridge, the steering straight pull rod 7 is opened with a mechanical finger, the electromagnet 45 is electrified, the suction force generated by the electromagnet 45 sucks one end of the steering straight pull rod 7 to the front of the mechanical hand grippable object 46, at the moment, the mechanical finger of the steering straight pull rod 7 grabs the mechanical hand grippable object 46, at the moment, the electromagnet is powered off, the electromagnetic force is lost, and at the moment, the wheel is in a single side rail control state, see fig. 6, 8 and 14; when the lower surface of the wheel at the left end of the axle is switched to be free of a side ridge, the mechanical finger at one end of the steering straight pull rod 7 is opened to separate from the grippable object 46 of the mechanical arm, and one end of the steering straight pull rod 7 returns to the front of the steering knuckle arm 8 due to the action of elastic force and the steering knuckle arm 8 is gripped by the mechanical finger, so that the connection between the steering straight pull rod 7 and the steering knuckle arm 8 is realized, and the wheel is in a steering state under the control of a steering wheel as shown in fig. 7; for fig. 9 and 15, the wheels are in a non-steering straight state under the control of the steering gear.

11. A side ridged cart according to claims 6,7,8,9, 10, wherein the method and switching procedure for switching between ridged and non-ridged sections of the switchable side ridged cart is as follows: three methods of switching are available, one is manual switching, which is generally done by the driver; the other is automatically completed by intelligent means such as a computer, a sensor, a program and the like; thirdly, the combination of the artificial work and the intelligent computer is completed; firstly, whether the side ridge under the wheel is changed or not is sensed and judged, for example, a driver senses and judges, or intelligent means such as a computer, a sensor and the like senses and judges; for each side ridge road, a switching point of the side ridge is arranged at a position, records are arranged in the storage of a side ridge vehicle computer or cloud storage, and a signal board, a signal lamp and the like which can send out signals which are far away from the front and need to switch the side ridge are arranged beside the side ridge road, so that a driver and an intelligent computer can judge when to switch according to the running speed of the current side ridge vehicle? This can address when the electromagnet 45 is energized? Is power off? When the manipulator grabs the manipulator grabber 46? When open hands? A device for handover is also provided.

12. A side ridged path traveled by the side ridged vehicle as recited in claim 1, comprising a left side rail and a right side rail, wherein a raised ridge is arranged in the center above the left side rail, the upper surface of the right side rail is flat, and no raised side ridge is arranged; when the side ridge trolley matched with the side ridge road runs on the side ridge road, the side ridge of the left rail is just in the notch of the left steel wheel tread of the side ridge trolley, and the upper surface of the right rail just bears the right steel wheel of the side ridge trolley.

13. A side ridged path traveled by the side ridged vehicle as recited in claim 1, comprising a left side rail and a right side rail, wherein a raised ridge is arranged in the center above the left side rail, the upper surface of the right side rail is flat, and no raised side ridge is arranged; when the side-ridge trolley matched with the side-ridge road runs on the side-ridge road, the side-ridge of the left rail is just in the notch of the left steel wheel tread of the side-ridge trolley, and the upper surface of the right rail just bears the right steel wheel of the side-ridge trolley, and the side-ridge road is characterized in that before entering a curved road with a small curve radius, before entering a cross road, before entering a branch road, before entering a plurality of side-ridge roads to be combined into a side-ridge road, before entering a road changing section between the inner side lane and the outer side lane of a highway, or before entering a turning-over road, the side-ridge road with the side-ridge can be switched into the side-ridge road without the side-ridge, then enters the curved road with the small curve radius, enters the cross road, enters a branch road, or enters a side-ridge road with the side-ridge of the side-ridge road to be combined into the side-ridge road, or enters the turning-off road, as shown in fig. 12 and 13.

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