CN1159740A - increase plant yield - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the exogenous use of betaine to promote the production of plants of the genus solanum. According to the invention, betaine is used to facilitate production, especially under harsh conditions. The invention also relates to plants of the genus Solanum treated exogenously with betaine and to products obtained from these plants.

Description

increase plant yield

The present invention relates to the use of betaine to enhance plant production. The present invention particularly relates to the use of betaine to enhance production in plants of the genus Solanum. According to the present invention, production can be enhanced especially under harsh conditions, i.e. poor conditions such as low temperature, drought, high salinity or toxic substances in the environment that affect growth, and the present invention also relates to Solanum treated with betaine Plants and products derived from these plants.

The environment and conditions of growth significantly affect the growth and outcome of plants, and ideal growth environments and conditions usually lead to large quantities and high quality production. Both quality and quantity naturally decrease under poor growing conditions.

Several different solutions were developed to improve growing conditions and boost plant production. Selection of suitable plants for suitable growing sites is self-evident to a person skilled in the art. During the growing season, the plants are protected by mechanical means such as using different gauze or plastic, or by growing the plants in a greenhouse. Watering and fertilizing are usually used to promote growth. The physiological properties of a plant are usually controlled by means of propagation, either by conventional methods or by methods such as genetic manipulation. These methods are often laborious and not easy to implement, they have limited effectiveness (economic scale of the greenhouse, limited protection provided by gauze, etc.), and on a global scale, they are too expensive. So far, no one has described an economically viable chemical solution for protecting plants from harsh environments.

Plants can adapt to harsh environments to a certain extent. In these cases, substances such as proline and betaine accumulate in the growing area of a particular plant. The literature in the field discusses the function and significance of these accumulated products. On the one hand, it has been proposed that these products are by-products of harsh conditions and thus harmful to cells; on the other hand, it has been estimated that they will protect cells (WynJones, R.G. and Storey, R.: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants, Paleg, L.G. and Aspinall, D. (Eds.), Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1981).

Zhao et al. (seeing J.Plant Physiol.140 (1992) 541-543) have described the effect of betaine on alfalfa cell membrane, sprayed on alfalfa seedlings with 0.2M betaine, and then the seedlings were removed from the culture medium Pull out the roots, wash the soil and expose them to a temperature of -10°C to -2°C for 1 hour. The seedlings were then thawed and planted in moistened sand, and regrowth of the surviving plants was evident within a week. Betaine significantly improved the frost resistance of alfalfa. This effect is especially pronounced when the temperature of the cold treatment is -6°C. The control group kept at -6°C for 1 hour all died, while 67% of the seedlings treated with betaine survived.

Itai and Paleg (see Plant Science Letters 25 (1982) 329-335) describe the effect of proline and betaine on the recovery of water-deficient barley and cucumber. Plants were grown in washed sand, and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 4000mol.wt) was added to the nutrient solution for four days to create water-deficient conditions, and then the plants were allowed to recover for four days before harvesting. Proline and/or betaine (25 mM, pH 6.2) was sprayed on the leaves of the plants on the first or third day of adverse effects or just before harvest. For barley, it should be noted that the betaine provided was inactive before and after adverse effects, but the betaine added at the end of adverse effects was effective. Proline is not effective. There was no apparent positive effect on cucumbers. Instead, they found that both betaine and proline had negative effects.

In the present invention, it has now surprisingly been found that the production of nightshade plants such as potatoes, tomatoes is significantly improved when betaine is used exogenously. The effect of betaine is especially pronounced when these plants are subjected to external harsh conditions during their growth.

The present invention thus relates to the exogenous use of betaine to enhance the production of nightshade plants. The present invention particularly relates to the use of betaine to enhance plant production under harsh conditions.

The invention also relates to plants of the genus Solanum exogenously treated with betaine, to products of these plants and to their use, eg as raw material for the food industry.

The present invention also relates to a method for promoting the production of nightshade plants by exogenously treating growing nightshade plants with betaine.

The invention further relates to plants of the genus Solanum obtained using the method of the invention, and also to products of these plants.

Betaine is applied to the plants in one or more consecutive treatments. Its application is, for example, by spraying together with some other fertilizer or insecticide, if desired. The betaine used according to the invention is delivered to plant cells, actively regulates the osmotic balance of the cells, and also participates in other processes of cell metabolism. Cells treated with betaine have a stronger ability to survive even when subjected to harsh external factors.

According to the invention, the treatment with betaine is economically advantageous and the amount of yield increase is also economically beneficial and significant. This treatment method does not lead to significantly more work, since it can be carried out simultaneously with the application of fertilizers or insecticides, and it does not require new investments in machinery, equipment or space. It should also be noted that betaine is a non-toxic natural product, which has no detrimental effect on the quality of production. Betaine is also a stable substance that remains in plant cells, so it has a long-lasting effect.

Betaine refers to a fully N-methylated amino acid. Betaines are natural products that play an important role in the metabolism of plants and animals. The most common type of betaine is a glycine derivative in which three methyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom of the glycine molecule. This betaine compound is commonly known as glycine betaine or trimethylglycine and has the following structural formula:

Other betaines, for example, alanine betaine and proline betaine, have been reported to prevent bone deformities in chickens. Betaine is described in detail by R.G. Wyn Jones and R. Storey in The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants (Paley, L.G. and Aspinall, D. (Eds.), Academic Press, Sydney, Australia, 1981).

Betaine has a bipolar structure, it contains many chemically reactive methyl groups, which can play a role in enzymatic reactions. Most organisms can synthesize small amounts of betaine for methyl function, but they do not respond to harsh conditions with a large increase in betaine production and storage. Well-known betaine-accumulating organisms are Chenopodiaceae, such as sugar beets, but also some microorganisms and marine invertebrates. The main reason for the accumulation of betaine in these organisms may be that betaine acts as an osmolyte to prevent the influence of osmotic pressure on the cells. An important function of betaine in these plants and microorganisms is to increase the osmotic pressure of the cells when needed, for example in high salinity conditions such as drought, thus preventing water loss. Unlike many other salts, betaine is highly compatible with enzymes, so the content of betaine in cells and organelles can be high without any adverse effects on metabolic processes. Betaine has also been found to have a stabilizing effect on macromolecules; it increases the heat resistance and ion tolerance of enzymes and cell membranes. Nightshade plants do not normally store betaine within their cells.

Betaine can be separated from sugar beet by chromatographic methods. Betaine is available commercially under the trademark BETAFIN, Cultor Oy, Finnsugar Bioproducts. BETAFIN is a crystalline betaine anhydrous from Finnsugar Bioproducts. Other betaine products, such as betaine monohydrate, betaine hydrochloride and crude betaine liquid, are commercially available and can be used for the purposes of the present invention.

According to the present invention, betaine is used exogenously to promote the production of nightshade plants. Betaine is used in particular when the plants are grown under harsh conditions, ie when the plants are intermittently or continuously subjected to external harsh conditions. These external harsh conditions include drought, humidity, high or low temperature, high salinity, herbicides, toxic substances in the environment, and more. Exogenous treatment of plants subjected to harsh conditions with betaine increases the adaptation of the plants to these conditions, maintains their growth potential for longer and thus increases the productivity of the plants. Betaine is also a stable substance that remains in plant cells. The positive effect of betaine thus persists for a long time and only gradually disappears in the dilution effect due to growth.

Betaine is applied to the plants in one or more successive treatments. Dosage varies with plant species and stage of growth. Taking potatoes as an example, about 0.1 to 2kg of betaine can be used for 1 hectare of land. The useful amount is thus about 10 kg betaine per hectare, which corresponds to about 0.01% of the potato growth. The preferred amount is about 2 to 8 kg betaine per hectare. For tomatoes, 0.1 to 30kg of betaine can be used per hectare. A preferred amount is about 1 to 6 kg/ha (kilograms per hectare), especially about 2.5 kg/ha. The amounts given here are for reference only; therefore, the scope of the invention includes all amounts which are effective in the manner described herein.

For the application of betaine, any method suitable for the purpose can be used. Betaine can easily be dispersed, for example by spraying. Such spraying can be carried out simultaneously with spraying of fertilizers or insecticides, etc., if desired. According to the invention, it is preferred to use an aqueous solution of betaine.

According to the invention, the timing of the treatment can be different, the suitable timing preferably being determined individually for each plant. If betaine is used only in a single treatment, the treatment is usually carried out at an early stage of growth, for example when the plants are 5 to 20 cm tall. If betaine is used in a two-step process, the second spraying is best done at the beginning of flowering or when severe conditions can be predicted based on the weather.

The betaine treatment of the present invention significantly boosts the production of Solanum plants, eg the quantity and quality of production. The treatment method of the present invention is economically advantageous, and the increase in yield is also economically beneficial and significant. For example, after using a suitable amount of betaine, the yield of potatoes increased by more than 30%, and that of tomatoes was doubled. It must also be mentioned that cells treated with betaine or proline are able to maintain their survival even when subjected to external harsh conditions such as low temperature, drought, high salinity, etc.

The present invention will be described in more detail through the following examples. These examples are given to illustrate the invention only and they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

Example 1

The effect of betaine on potato production was determined using land conditions at two different sites and four different betaine concentrations used: 0 (control), 1.25, 5.0 and 10 kg betaine per hectare. For pharmaceutical purposes, an aqueous solution of betaine was prepared containing, in addition to the desired betaine component, 2 ml/l of an ion-free moisturizer, Plus-50 (CibaGeigy). The betaine solution was added at a rate of 640 l/ha on 75% of the land cover and a second application was made at the tuber growth stage. The cultivar of potato is Russet Burbank. The growing sites have different climates, site (1) has a warmer and drier climate than site (2), which experiences frost during the growing season. After harvest the tubers were classified as unmarketable (small, green and misshapen tubers) and marketable, and the weight and number of these two types of tubers were determined. The specific gravity of the tubers was determined by the air gravimetric-water gravimetric method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by analysis of variance using Genstat's statistical package.

At site (1), the yield of tubers per plant increased from 1.96 kg in the control group to 2.42 kg when betaine was applied at a rate of 2.5 kg/ha. This is an increase of 23.5% over the control, or about 17t/ha. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Effect of Betaine on Potato Production Betaine (kg/ha) Increase in production (percentage of control group) 01.252.505.0010.00 100112123.5117.5112.5

At site (2), the results were somewhat different from those obtained at site (1); only at an application rate of 5 and 10 kg/ha, yields 10% higher than those of the control group were obtained, and at application rates The best result was obtained when it was 10kg/ha, and the yield increased by 12.6% compared with the control group, that is, 7.9t/ha. There was also a significant increase in the number of marketable tubers per plant at a betaine application rate of 10 kg/ha. No significant differences in the specific gravity of the tubers were found. The value varies between 1.084 and 1.082.

Corresponding to the application of exogenous betaine, there was a significant increase in yield at both sites. However, there was a marked difference in the increase in yield between the two sites. Two different factors account for this difference. On the one hand, harsh conditions vary from location to location due to differences in climate. On the other hand, at site (1), the potato tubers were harvested within a week of the second betaine application, which probably did not have any effect on yield. At site (2), betaine was added at the developmental stage of the tubers and harvested at maturity approximately six weeks after application. The results thus indicated that it would be inappropriate to perform a second betaine application within a short time interval.

Example 2

The effect of betaine on potato production under water-deficient conditions was determined by the following experimental arrangement of land conditions:

1). Normal watering (1 time every 7 days) (WW)

2).Lack of water (water once every 15 days) (SS)

3). Water shortage (watering once every 15 days) + betaine (SB)

Betaine was added during the flowering period of the plants six weeks after planting. Betaine aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.2M. The amount of solution sprayed is based on wetting but not soaking the plants (approximately 20ml/plant, ie 0.47g/plant). The cultivar of potato is Alpha. Potatoes were grown in plots of 4.0 x 2.8 m and harvested in plots of 3.0 x 2.1 m. Planting is carried out according to the normal operation, that is, adding fertilizers, insecticides and other pesticides, etc., and burying the potatoes with soil. Growth times are normal for the site used. Potatoes were harvested 110 days after planting. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Effect of betaine on potato production under drought conditions deal with parallel test (WW) (SS) (SB) 1 16.68 11.16 10.84 11 19.70 11.94 13.70 111 20.66 7.02 14.20 average 19.01 10.04 12.91

It can be seen that the lack of water significantly reduces the yield of tubers. On the other hand, betaine treatment significantly increased the number of tubers under water-deficient conditions. A one-off application of betaine resulted in a 30% increase in potato tuber yield under water-deficient conditions.

Example 3

The effect of betaine on tomato production under water-deficient conditions was determined by the soil conditions of the following experimental arrangements. 1) Normal watering (1 time every 7 days) (WW) 2) Normal watering (1 time every 7 days) + betaine (WB) 3) Water shortage (1 time every 15 days) (SS) 4) Water shortage (watering once every 15 days) + betaine (SB)

Betaine was added during the flowering period of the plants six weeks after planting. The concentration is 0.2M betaine aqueous solution. The amount of solution sprayed was to wet but not saturate the plants (approximately 20 ml/plant, ie approximately 0.47 g/plant). The amount of water added cannot meet the plant's water needs. Planting is carried out according to normal operations, that is, adding fertilizers, insecticides and other pesticides, etc. Growth times are normal for the site used. Tomato results have been determined on 10 plants, with ripe fruit harvested by hand within five weeks, beginning eleven weeks after planting. The results are shown in Table 3.

table 3

Effect of Betaine on Tomato Production under Different Conditions deal with parallel test (WW) (WB) (SS) (SB) average value 379 782 492 1,221

The lack of water did not significantly alter the yield of tomatoes, instead the yield of the dehydrated plants was 30% higher than that of the normally watered plants. In addition, the betaine treatment also significantly increased tomato yields; fruit yields more than doubled under water-deprived conditions and around doubled in plants grown under normal watering conditions.

Example 4

The effect of betaine applied at different growth stages on tomato development and growth was determined as follows. The tomato cultivar Pacesetter was planted in single rows at 1.5m spacing. Each row was planted in a seedbed about 90 cm wide and about 20 cm high. These rows are flooded with water, and the frequency is once every 7 to 14 days in November, once every 7 to 10 days in December, once every 5 to 9 days from January, and once every 10 days until harvest. The soil is gray clay loam, pH5.7.

The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with 6 groups, each group containing replicates of each treatment. Nineteen untreated control plots were placed quite strategically so that each treated plot was no more than two untreated plots apart.

This experiment occupies an area of 10 rows wide (15 meters) and 88 meters long. Divide the 10 plots into 11 columns, each 8 meters long. Before assigning treatments, each plot was sorted according to the continuity of plant ranks, and plots with inter-plant gaps greater than 0.5 m were discarded. The remaining 91 plots were divided into plots with continuous plant rows and plots with 1 or 2 voids. There are enough plots that the first category can be divided into 4 groups, and the remaining 2 categories have 1 group each.

The betaine glycine used is food grade raw material, Lot No. 64093334 (21/10/94), provided by Tall Bennet (Rural) P/L.

Two piles of betaine, 50.0 g and 25.0 g, were weighed and stored in 250 ml PET containers with press caps. Within 1 hour before use, a sufficient amount of betaine for application was dissolved in a defined volume of clean water to make a 200 g/l solution. The solutions were prepared in 250, 500 or 1000 ml calibrated glass cylinders and transferred to 1 liter glass bottles with stopcocks. Within 1 hour before use, make up 250.0ml of 25.0ml of Plus-50 Surfactant (Ciba Geigy) with purified water and transfer to a 250ml glass bottle with a stopper.

According to the spraying amount and spraying area, 1000, 1500ml or 2000ml of spraying liquid were prepared for the application schemes No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 respectively. A 1000 ml glass graduated cylinder with 25 ml graduations was used in all application protocols. The required volume of 200 g/l betaine solution was added to the graduated cylinder and water was added to approximately half its volume. Then add the required volume of 10% Spray Plus-50 solution to the graduated cylinder and add water to 1000ml. The mixture was then funneled into a clean PET sprayer bottle. Added 500ml more water in No. 2 application plan, and added 1000ml more in No. 3 application plan. These volumes were measured with the original 1000ml graduated cylinder and transferred to the nebuliser bottle using the same funnel. Shake the PET sprayer bottle vigorously to mix the spray solution well. The preparation and application of each spray solution was completed within 15 minutes.

Application schedule 1 was carried out on day 0, the earliest flowering period. At this stage, plants are robust and free from obvious harsh conditions and pest infestation. Application schedule 2 was carried out on day 20, the middle to late flowering period of the plants. Plants are still robust with no apparent harsh conditions. Application scheme 3 was carried out on day 41, the most late stage of the flowering period of the plants, and a small amount of big bud disease (BigBud.), Helicoverpa spp., two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and Nightshade were found.

Four doses of betaine were applied in this experiment: 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kg/ha. They are designated A, B, C and D in application scheme 1, respectively. They are designated E, F, G and H in application scheme 2, respectively. They are designated as I, J, K and L in application scheme 3, respectively.

To control weed growth, clonadinamine (500 g/kg wp) was applied at a rate of 6.7 kg/ha before planting. Fungicides (mancozeb, copper hydroxide and sulfur) and insecticides (dimethoate and esvalerate) were applied on a fixed schedule throughout the experiment. Etherel (400 g/l ethepon) as ripening agent was applied in an amount of about 1 l/ha on the 75th day of the experiment. Plants are fed well and watered frequently. There was not the slightest indication that the plants were subjected to harsh conditions above the lower levels.

Just before the first application scheme, all plots were examined and sorted according to the continuity of ranks and columns for grouping this experiment. In addition, to determine the number and growth stages of plants, non-flowering and flowering plants were counted in the central row with a length of 6 m in each of the 12 plots. The plots were randomly picked from plots with consecutive rows of plants.

About 1 hour after application, the plant height was measured at 10 points in each plot, starting at 0.8 in from one end and taking a point every 0.8 m. These measurements were repeated 48 and 61 days after the first administration (days 48 and 61).

On day 47, the number of buds, flowers and fruits per 10 plants in each plot was counted. The site chosen for the plant is approximately the same as the site chosen for the height measurement. It was stipulated to repeat this measurement on day 60. However, it is impossible to separate the plants without harming the plants adjacent to them, as they are now entangled. The number of buds, flowers and fruits in 2 40 cm long rows was therefore counted. Based on an average number of plants per meter of rows of 12, this corresponds to approximately 10 plants, with each 40 cm long row centered on a 1.5 m long row from the appropriate border of each plot.

On day 60, red and green fruits were counted at the junction of two rows and columns in each plot to estimate their ratio.

On days 82 and 83, red and cyan fruits were counted and weighed in 2 meter long continuous plant rows within each plot.

There are large Nightshade and Wireweed plants in 14 plots. In this case, 2 weed-free rows of 1 meter long and the row in the center of a continuous row about 2 meters long were selected.

Measure 2m or 1m long rows and cut their borders down to the soil surface with a cane knife. For 2 m long rows, the cut fruits are discarded. For 1 meter long rows, discard the fruit that was cut closest to the end of the plot. Fruits that were cut at the other end of the plot were included and counted as half fruits.

On day 82, before harvest evaluations began, the proportion of leaf damage by Tetranychus urticae was estimated in 10 plots within each plot. Each plot occupies a 0.5-meter-long row, and in most plots the tiles occupy side by side a 5-meter-long section in the center of the row. Offsets are necessary when there are gaps or large weeds in the rows.

As can be seen from the growth of the plants, betaine treatment resulted in a significant increase in the height of the tomato plants between days 0 and 48, and a significant decrease between days 48 and 61. The decrease in height was no doubt due to the increased weight of the fruit produced by the plants.

Betaine treatment had no significant effect on the number of buds, flowers and fruits on day 47, and the number of buds and flowers on day 61. However, on day 61, the number of fruits varied significantly due to the different treatment doses, but the number was not related to the time of betaine application.

Betaine at doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 10.0 kg/ha significantly increased the weight yield of red fruits, partly due to an increase in the number of fruits and partly due to an increase in weight per fruit. The yield of betaine treated with 5.0kg/ha was not significantly different from that of no treatment, but it was lower than that of other doses of betaine.

On day 82, the response of the cyan fruit to the betaine dose was the same as that of the red fruit. However, betaine at a dose of 1.0 kg/ha produced the greatest increase in yield of red fruit, while betaine at a dose of 2.5 kg/ha produced the greatest increase in yield of green fruit. Furthermore, the proportion of increased yield of cyan fruit (109%) was much higher than that of red fruit (13%). The large difference in the effect of betaine on yield of red and cyan tomatoes shows that there is potential to further increase the yield of red tomatoes. This condition was more likely in plants under more severe conditions than in the plants of this experiment.

The results are shown in Table 4.

The impact of table 4 betaine on tomato production Betaine kg/ha Application time (Day #) Every 2.5m in the row of red fruit Every 2.5m in the ranks of green fruits Every 2.5m in all fruit ranks Average weight kg average number Average weight per fruit g Average weight kg average number Average weight per fruit g Average weight kg average number Average weight per fruit g ABCDEFGHIJKL 12.551012.551012.5510 00002020202041414141 33.732.530.231.534.033.031.034.834.832.328.335.031.0 655600585560624602593664646597590635592 51545157555553525453485553 3.84.02.02.22.33.02.73.32.72.72.72.72.8 165163102101132140139153121142133143136 22232018192421212119211721 37.036.232.033.736.335.833.837.737.234.831.337.533.8 819763687660756742732818767739723778728 46474752484947474946424947 x control

The effect of betaine on yield varied significantly with the dose under the applied conditions, ie under harsh conditions at low levels, but not significantly with the time of application. Betaine at doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 10.0 kg/ha increased red tomato yield, but 5.0 kg/ha decreased it. The lowest dose resulted in the highest yield increase of 13%. However, a dose of 2.5 kg/ha resulted in the greatest increase in cyan tomato yield of 109%. Overall, yields were of the order of 80 tonnes/ha, approximately 60% higher than expected for well-grown commercial varieties of the same species.

Application of betaine during mid and late flowering significantly reduced the proportion of leaf damage signs due to Tetranychus urticae damage at harvest. The reductions were 11% and 27%, respectively, and this trend suggests that higher reductions are possible. This therapeutic property of betaine may be useful in IPM programs.

Example 5

This experiment investigates whether betaine can be used to protect plants from herbicide damage. This experiment was carried out under land conditions, and Cykezine and Caojingjin were used as herbicides and added in the late growth period. Five different concentrations of betaine were used. 0 (control), 2, 4, 8 and 12 kg betaine/ha. For pharmaceutical purposes, an aqueous solution of betaine was prepared containing, in addition to the desired betaine component, 1 ml/l of an ion-free moisturizer, Plus-50 (Ciba Geigy). On a 25% land cover, the betaine solution was added in an amount of 640 l/ha. The potato cultivar is Russet Burbank. The site is at an altitude of 140m and is periodically subjected to heat and drought. The crops were harvested by hand, and the tubers were divided into non-marketable (small, green and misshapen tubers) and marketable, and the weight and number of both types of tubers were determined.

Betaine also increased the number of tubers in this experiment. The minimum betaine application rate, 2 to 4 kg/ha, had no appreciable effect on tuber yield and number. At the highest betaine concentrations, there was a marked increase in tuber yield and number. When the betaine concentration was 8kg/ha, the number of tubers per hectare increased the most, which was 21% higher than that of the control group. The results are shown in Table 5.

table 5

Effect of Betaine on Yield of Potatoes Treated with Herbicides Betaine (kg/ha) number of tubers per hectare × 10 ³ % of control group 024812 170160176206181 10094103121106

Claims (28)

1. use betain to promote the production of nightshade exogenously.

2. according to the purposes of claim 1, it is characterized in that using betain to promote the production under the mal-condition.

3. according to the purposes of claim 2, it is characterized in that mal-condition comprises high temperature or low temperature, arid, too moist or high salt.

4. according to each purposes in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described plant is a potato.

5. according to the purposes of claim 4, it is characterized in that potato grows under the mal-condition of low temperature.

6. according to the purposes of claim 4, it is characterized in that potato grows under the mal-condition of lack of water.

7. according to each purposes in the claim 4 to 6, it is characterized in that the consumption of betain is approximately 0.1 to 20kg/ha.

8. according to the purposes of claim 7, it is characterized in that the consumption of betain is approximately 2 to 8kg/ha.

9. according to each purposes in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described plant is a tomato.

10. according to the purposes of claim 9, it is characterized in that tomato grows under the mal-condition of lack of water.

11., it is characterized in that the consumption of betain is approximately 0.1 to 30kg/ha according to the purposes of claim 10.

12., it is characterized in that the consumption of betain is approximately 1 to 6kg/ha according to the purposes of claim 11.

13. a method that promotes that nightshade produces is characterized in that betain puts on the plant that lives exogenously.

14. the method according to claim 13 is characterized in that betain is applied in growing plants under mal-condition.

15. the method according to claim 14 is characterized in that mal-condition comprises high temperature or low temperature, arid, too moist or high salt.

16. one kind according to each method in the claim 13 to 15, it is characterized in that betain is applied by one or many in the season of growth.

17. one kind according to each method in the claim 13 to 16, it is characterized in that betain and insecticide, surfactant or fertilizer together apply.

18. the method according to claim 16 or 17 is characterized in that the commitment in plant growing, betain is applied individually.

19. the method according to claim 16 or 17 is characterized in that betain is applied step by step, processing for the first time is early stage plant growing, and the second time is in the beginning in flowering stage.

20. one kind according to each method in the claim 13 to 19, it is characterized in that described plant is a potato.

21. the method according to claim 20 is characterized in that potato grows under the mal-condition of low temperature.

22. the method according to claim 20 is characterized in that potato grows under the mal-condition of lack of water.

23. one kind according to each method in the claim 20 to 22, the usage amount that it is characterized in that betain approximately is 0.1 to 20kg/ha, preferably approximately is 2 to 8kg/ha.

24. one kind according to each method in the claim 13 to 19, it is characterized in that described plant is a tomato.

25. the method according to claim 24 is characterized in that tomato grows under the mal-condition of lack of water.

26. the method according to claim 24 or 25 is characterized in that the usage amount of betain is approximately 0.1 to 30kg/ha, preferably about 1 to 6kg/ha.

27. nightshade that obtains according to each method in the claim 13 to 26 and products thereof.

28. the nightshade that garden beet alkali is handled exogenously.