CN115927812B - Solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device and method - Google Patents
Solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固‑液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置及方法，属于双金属冷却处理技术领域；冷却装置包括底部敞口的储气炉体；储气炉体通过连接件固定连接在水槽的上方；储气炉体的底部活动连接有承载板；承载板通过驱动组件可在储气炉体底部与水槽内之间上下移动；储气炉体连接有进气管；将浇铸后的钢铜双金属材料置于承载板上，使钢铜双金属材料位于储气炉体内，向储气炉体内通入氮气，之后通过驱动组件将承载板移动至水槽内，使钢铜双金属材料全部没入水中进行水淬处理；本发明解决了传统采用油冷的冷却方式，因其冷速较快导致双金属结合界面易开裂的问题，获得了双金属结合面良好的力学性能。
The invention discloses a cooling device and method for a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material, belonging to the technical field of bimetallic cooling treatment; the cooling device comprises a gas storage furnace body with an open bottom; the gas storage furnace body is fixedly connected to the top of a water tank through a connecting piece; a bearing plate is movably connected to the bottom of the gas storage furnace body; the bearing plate can move up and down between the bottom of the gas storage furnace body and the water tank through a driving component; the gas storage furnace body is connected to an air inlet pipe; the casted steel-copper bimetallic material is placed on the bearing plate so that the steel-copper bimetallic material is located in the gas storage furnace body, nitrogen is introduced into the gas storage furnace body, and then the bearing plate is moved to the water tank through the driving component so that the steel-copper bimetallic material is completely immersed in water for water quenching treatment; the invention solves the problem that the bimetallic bonding interface is prone to cracking due to the fast cooling rate of the traditional cooling method using oil cooling, and obtains good mechanical properties of the bimetallic bonding surface.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于双金属冷却处理技术领域，具体为一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of bimetal cooling treatment, and in particular relates to a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetal material cooling device and method.
背景技术Background Art
随着工业生产的快速发展，对金属及其性能的要求正在朝着多元化方向发展，如双金属器件。双金属复合材料集合了两种金属的优良特性，能克服单一金属性能不能满足恶劣工况条件的缺陷，铜钢双金属铸件即为此类复合材料。此类复合材料将两者的优势结合起来，具有强度高，高抗拉，高耐磨等综合力学性能。传统的热处理方法将整个工件放入油槽中进行冷却，由于油冷冷却速率过快，容易导致双金属工件的结合处开裂，使得双金属无法结合，对工件的使用性能造成影响。With the rapid development of industrial production, the requirements for metals and their properties are developing in a diversified direction, such as bimetallic devices. Bimetallic composite materials combine the excellent properties of two metals and can overcome the defect that the performance of a single metal cannot meet the harsh working conditions. Copper-steel bimetallic castings are such composite materials. This type of composite material combines the advantages of both and has comprehensive mechanical properties such as high strength, high tensile strength, and high wear resistance. The traditional heat treatment method puts the entire workpiece into an oil tank for cooling. Due to the excessively fast cooling rate of the oil cooling, it is easy to cause cracks at the joint of the bimetallic workpiece, making it impossible for the bimetal to be combined, which affects the performance of the workpiece.
现有专利CN 110039031 A一种浇注双金属管坯的装置的浇注方法，所有双金属复合管的浇铸过程在真空状态下进行，先放置大直径芯棒，浇铸外层金属，再更换小直径芯棒，浇铸内层金属，中间根据外层凝固温度内层浇铸温度和更换时间来实现双金属冶金结合，并保证内外层金属的厚度均匀。水冷循环与液态金属凝固方向一致，保证液态金属快速冷却。该技术方法采用水冷循环的方式对液态金属凝固，虽然较油冷冷却更为柔和，但还是会对双金属结合处的强度造成影响，使结合处易开裂。The existing patent CN 110039031 A is a casting method for a device for casting bimetallic tube blanks. The casting process of all bimetallic composite tubes is carried out under vacuum. First, a large diameter core rod is placed to cast the outer metal layer, and then a small diameter core rod is replaced to cast the inner metal layer. In the middle, the bimetallic metallurgical bonding is achieved according to the outer layer solidification temperature, the inner layer casting temperature and the replacement time, and the thickness of the inner and outer layers of metal is ensured to be uniform. The water cooling cycle is consistent with the solidification direction of the liquid metal to ensure rapid cooling of the liquid metal. This technical method uses a water cooling cycle to solidify the liquid metal. Although it is gentler than oil cooling, it will still affect the strength of the bimetallic joint and make the joint prone to cracking.
现有专利CN 107570673 A一种水冷浇注锭模，水冷筒为柱形结构，所述水冷筒外侧面设置了进水管、出水管，所述进水管、出水管分别与外部进水、出水系统相连，水冷筒内外壁之间为进出水路流经管路；所述水冷筒内的下方设有L型弯管结构的进水管，进水管L型弯管上端设置向上的出水开口；开口的位置对着铸锭模具的底部，所述水冷筒顶端及铸锭模具上部均为法兰盘的结构，两者结构、尺寸相同，并通过紧固件进行连接。该技术使用水冷浇注锭模，提高了冷却效率，但是对于双金属材料的结合处的强度会造成影响。The existing patent CN 107570673 A is a water-cooled casting ingot mold. The water-cooling cylinder is a columnar structure. The outer side of the water-cooling cylinder is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe. The water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the external water inlet and water outlet systems. The inner and outer walls of the water-cooling cylinder are the inlet and outlet water passages. The lower part of the water-cooling cylinder is provided with an L-shaped elbow structure of the water inlet pipe, and the upper end of the L-shaped elbow of the water inlet pipe is provided with an upward water outlet opening. The position of the opening faces the bottom of the ingot mold. The top of the water-cooling cylinder and the upper part of the ingot mold are both flange structures. The two have the same structure and size and are connected by fasteners. This technology uses a water-cooled casting ingot mold to improve the cooling efficiency, but it will affect the strength of the joint of the bimetallic material.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提出一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置及方法，解决了现有双金属冷却方式冷速较快，导致双金属结合界面易开裂的问题。The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device and method, which solves the problem that the existing bimetallic cooling method has a fast cooling rate, resulting in easy cracking of the bimetallic bonding interface.
为了达到上述目的，本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.
一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置，包括底部敞口的储气炉体；所述储气炉体通过连接件固定连接在水槽的上方；储气炉体的底部活动连接有承载板；所述承载板通过驱动组件可在储气炉体底部与水槽内之间上下移动；所述储气炉体连接有进气管。A solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device comprises a gas storage furnace body with an open bottom; the gas storage furnace body is fixedly connected to the top of a water tank through a connecting piece; a bearing plate is movably connected to the bottom of the gas storage furnace body; the bearing plate can move up and down between the bottom of the gas storage furnace body and the water tank through a driving component; the gas storage furnace body is connected to an air inlet pipe.
优选的，所述储气炉体的炉壁为夹层结构，夹层结构的内壁均匀设置有多个充气孔；进气管与夹层结构的外壁相连接。Preferably, the furnace wall of the gas storage furnace body is a sandwich structure, and the inner wall of the sandwich structure is evenly provided with a plurality of inflation holes; the air inlet pipe is connected to the outer wall of the sandwich structure.
更优的，所述夹层结构的外壁连接有多根进气管。More preferably, the outer wall of the sandwich structure is connected to a plurality of air inlet pipes.
优选的，所述承载板为方形板，承载板的面积大于储气炉体的底面积且不大于水槽的入口面积；所述承载板设置有透水孔。Preferably, the bearing plate is a square plate, the area of the bearing plate is larger than the bottom area of the gas storage furnace body and not larger than the inlet area of the water tank; the bearing plate is provided with water-permeable holes.
优选的，所述水槽设置有进水口和出水口。Preferably, the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.
优选的，所述驱动组件包括螺杆和驱动电机，承载板的四个角分别与一螺杆螺纹连接，所述驱动电机与螺杆相连接。Preferably, the driving assembly includes a screw and a driving motor, the four corners of the supporting plate are respectively threadedly connected to a screw, and the driving motor is connected to the screw.
优选的，储气炉体通过多根钢管与水槽相连接。Preferably, the gas storage furnace body is connected to the water tank through a plurality of steel pipes.
使用所述一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置的冷却方法，包括以下步骤：The cooling method using the solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device comprises the following steps:
1）将浇铸后的钢铜双金属材料置于承载板上，使钢铜双金属材料位于储气炉体内，向储气炉体内通入氮气，通气时间为2.5-3min；1) Place the cast steel-copper bimetallic material on the carrier plate so that the steel-copper bimetallic material is located inside the gas storage furnace body, and introduce nitrogen into the gas storage furnace body for 2.5-3 minutes;
2）通气结束后，通过驱动组件将承载板移动至水槽内，使钢铜双金属材料全部没入水中进行水淬处理，水的温度为22-35℃。2) After ventilation, the bearing plate is moved into the water tank through the driving assembly so that the steel-copper bimetallic material is completely immersed in water for water quenching treatment. The water temperature is 22-35℃.
优选的，水槽的进水和出水的流量为10L/min。Preferably, the flow rate of water inlet and outlet of the water tank is 10 L/min.
优选的，所述水淬的处理时间为10-15min。Preferably, the water quenching treatment time is 10-15 minutes.
本发明相对于现有技术所产生的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:
本发明克服了现有技术的不足，提供了一种铜钢双金属件冷却装置，同时也给出了基于该设备的一种冷却处理方法，解决双金属在冷却的同时结合面结合效果不良的问题。本发明采用复合方法冷却，解决了传统采用油冷的冷却方式，因其冷速较快，从而导致界面开裂影响结合，本发明采用先氮气冷却再水冷的方法，铸造出来的铜钢双金属界面结合良好无缺陷；同时，基于所述的冷却装置缩短了两种冷却方式之间对于热处理试件的转运时间，提高铜钢双金属产品批量生产的效率。The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, provides a copper-steel bimetallic cooling device, and also provides a cooling treatment method based on the device to solve the problem of poor bonding effect of the bonding surface of the bimetallic during cooling. The present invention adopts a composite cooling method to solve the problem of the traditional cooling method of oil cooling, which has a fast cooling rate, thereby causing interface cracking and affecting bonding. The present invention adopts a method of first nitrogen cooling and then water cooling, and the cast copper-steel bimetallic interface is well bonded without defects; at the same time, based on the cooling device, the transportation time of the heat treatment specimens between the two cooling methods is shortened, and the efficiency of mass production of copper-steel bimetallic products is improved.
本发明制备的铜钢双金属试件界面结合良好无开裂，同时也保证了铜钢双金属铜合金侧组织均匀细小，且其抗拉强度达到了340±35Mpa，而结合面的剪切强度达到了290±30 Mpa，获得了良好的力学性能。The copper-steel bimetallic specimen prepared by the present invention has good interface bonding without cracking, and also ensures that the copper alloy side of the copper-steel bimetallic structure is uniform and fine, and its tensile strength reaches 340±35Mpa, and the shear strength of the bonding surface reaches 290±30Mpa, thereby obtaining good mechanical properties.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明所述固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置的结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of the solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device of the present invention.
图2为图1的侧视图。FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1 .
图3为实施例1制备得到的铜钢双金属复合材料结合面的微观组织图。FIG3 is a microstructure diagram of the bonding surface of the copper-steel bimetallic composite material prepared in Example 1.
图4为实施例2制备得到的铜钢双金属复合材料结合面的微观组织图。FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of the bonding surface of the copper-steel bimetallic composite material prepared in Example 2.
图中，1-进气管，2-储气炉体，21-内壁，22-外壁，3-钢管，4-承载板，5-水槽，6-直角电机，7-螺杆，8-进水口，9-出水口，10-充气孔。In the figure, 1-inlet pipe, 2-gas storage furnace body, 21-inner wall, 22-outer wall, 3-steel pipe, 4-bearing plate, 5-water tank, 6-right angle motor, 7-screw, 8-water inlet, 9-water outlet, 10-inflating hole.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，结合实施例和附图，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。下面结合实施例及附图详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不被此限制。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
参照图1和图2，本实施例提出一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料冷却装置，该装置分为上下两部分，上部分用于通氮气冷却，下部分用水水淬冷却。1 and 2 , this embodiment provides a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material cooling device, which is divided into two parts, the upper part is used for nitrogen cooling, and the lower part is used for water quenching cooling.
具体的，上部分主要为储气炉体2，下部分为水槽5。储气炉体2顶部和底部为敞口结构；储气炉体2的炉壁为夹层结构，夹层结构的内壁21均匀设置有多个充气孔10；储气炉体2夹层结构的外壁22连接有四根进气管1，进气管1用于对储气炉体2内通氮气。水槽5设置有进水口8和出水口9。Specifically, the upper part is mainly a gas storage furnace body 2, and the lower part is a water tank 5. The top and bottom of the gas storage furnace body 2 are open structures; the furnace wall of the gas storage furnace body 2 is a sandwich structure, and the inner wall 21 of the sandwich structure is evenly provided with a plurality of gas charging holes 10; the outer wall 22 of the sandwich structure of the gas storage furnace body 2 is connected with four air inlet pipes 1, and the air inlet pipes 1 are used to pass nitrogen into the gas storage furnace body 2. The water tank 5 is provided with a water inlet 8 and a water outlet 9.
储气炉体2通过四根钢管3固定连接在水槽5的正上方；储气炉体2的底部活动连接有承载板4；所述承载板4通过驱动组件可在储气炉体2底部与水槽5内之间上下移动。The gas storage furnace body 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the water tank 5 through four steel pipes 3; the bottom of the gas storage furnace body 2 is movably connected with a bearing plate 4; the bearing plate 4 can move up and down between the bottom of the gas storage furnace body 2 and the water tank 5 through a driving component.
具体的，承载板4为方形板，承载板4的面积大于储气炉体2的底面积且等于水槽5的入口面积；承载板4上设置有多个透水孔。所述驱动组件包括螺杆7和直角电机6，承载板4的四个角分别与一螺杆7螺纹连接，直角电机6与螺杆7相连接。Specifically, the bearing plate 4 is a square plate, the area of which is larger than the bottom area of the gas storage furnace body 2 and equal to the inlet area of the water tank 5; a plurality of water-permeable holes are provided on the bearing plate 4. The driving assembly includes a screw rod 7 and a right-angle motor 6, the four corners of the bearing plate 4 are respectively threadedly connected to a screw rod 7, and the right-angle motor 6 is connected to the screw rod 7.
图1中为了保证炉体中高压气体充足，同样的进气管1设置四个；将热处理件置于承载板4的中央，高压氮气从炉体内测孔吹出，保证热处理件受气冷却均匀；气体冷却结束后，由图1中直角电机6控制螺杆7的旋转，从而控制承载板4的升降，使试件随着承载板4降落到装置下半部分的水槽5中，水通过承载板4的透水孔淹没试件进行水淬处理。In order to ensure that there is sufficient high-pressure gas in the furnace body in FIG1, four similar air inlet pipes 1 are set; the heat-treated piece is placed in the center of the carrier plate 4, and high-pressure nitrogen is blown out from the measuring hole in the furnace body to ensure that the heat-treated piece is evenly cooled by the gas; after the gas cooling is completed, the rotation of the screw 7 is controlled by the right-angle motor 6 in FIG1, thereby controlling the lifting and lowering of the carrier plate 4, so that the test piece falls into the water tank 5 in the lower half of the device along with the carrier plate 4, and the water passes through the water-permeable holes of the carrier plate 4 to submerge the test piece for water quenching.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提出一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料热处理及冷却方法，采用实施例1所述的冷却装置。具体为以下处理步骤：This embodiment proposes a heat treatment and cooling method for a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material, using the cooling device described in Example 1. The specific processing steps are as follows:
（1）将钢基体置于保温温度为1150℃的预热炉中预热20min。(1) Preheat the steel substrate in a preheating furnace at 1150°C for 20 min.
（2）将铜合金材料置于保温温度为1200℃的熔炼炉中进行熔炼。(2) The copper alloy material is placed in a melting furnace with a holding temperature of 1200°C for melting.
（3）将熔炼好的铜合金浇铸到预热好的钢基体中，随后将复合材料试样置于实施例1所述的冷却装置的承载板4上，向储气炉体2内通入高压氮气，通气时间为2.5min；通气结束后将承载板4降落到水槽5中，使双金属复合材料试样全部没入水中，水槽进水口和出水口保证10L/min的流量，水温温度控制在了30-35℃，水淬10min后取出试样随空气冷却。(3) The smelted copper alloy is cast into the preheated steel matrix, and then the composite material sample is placed on the supporting plate 4 of the cooling device described in Example 1, and high-pressure nitrogen is introduced into the gas storage furnace body 2 for a ventilation time of 2.5 minutes; after the ventilation is completed, the supporting plate 4 is lowered into the water tank 5 so that the bimetallic composite material sample is completely immersed in water. The water inlet and outlet of the water tank ensure a flow rate of 10L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 30-35°C. After water quenching for 10 minutes, the sample is taken out and cooled with air.
（4）将制备好的铜钢双金属复合材料试样进行机加处理，得到的结合面微观组织如图3，发现界面结合良好无开裂，进一步进行剪切测试，发现剪切强度达到了285.1Mpa；同样对铜侧取拉伸帮进行测试，发现其抗拉强度达到352.6Mpa，说明该方法制备的铜钢双金属性能优异。(4) The prepared copper-steel bimetallic composite material sample was machined, and the microstructure of the bonding surface was obtained as shown in Figure 3. It was found that the interface bonding was good without cracking. Further shear test was performed, and it was found that the shear strength reached 285.1 MPa. Similarly, the copper side was tested for tensile strength, and it was found that its tensile strength reached 352.6 MPa, indicating that the copper-steel bimetallic prepared by this method has excellent performance.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提出一种固-液成形的钢铜双金属材料热处理及冷却方法，采用实施例1所述的冷却装置。具体为以下处理步骤：This embodiment proposes a heat treatment and cooling method for a solid-liquid formed steel-copper bimetallic material, using the cooling device described in Example 1. The specific processing steps are as follows:
（1）将钢基体置于保温温度为1150℃的预热炉中预热20min。(1) Preheat the steel substrate in a preheating furnace at 1150°C for 20 min.
（2）将铜合金材料置于保温温度为1200℃的熔炼炉中进行熔炼。(2) The copper alloy material is placed in a melting furnace with a holding temperature of 1200°C for melting.
（3）将熔炼好的铜合金浇铸到预热好的钢基体中，随后将双金属复合材料试样置于实施例1所述的冷却装置的承载板4上，通高压氮气，通气时间为2.8min；通气结束后将承载板4降落到水槽5中，使复合材料试样全部没入水中，水槽5的进水口和出水口保证10L/min的流量，水温温度控制在了22-27℃，水淬13min后取出试样随空气冷却。(3) The smelted copper alloy is cast into the preheated steel matrix, and then the bimetallic composite material sample is placed on the supporting plate 4 of the cooling device described in Example 1, and high-pressure nitrogen is passed through for 2.8 minutes. After the ventilation is completed, the supporting plate 4 is lowered into the water tank 5 so that the composite material sample is completely immersed in water. The water inlet and outlet of the water tank 5 ensure a flow rate of 10L/min, and the water temperature is controlled at 22-27°C. After water quenching for 13 minutes, the sample is taken out and cooled with air.
（4）将制备好的铜钢双金属复合材料试样进行机加处理，得到的得到的结合面微观组织如图4，发现界面结合良好无开裂，进一步进行剪切测试，发现剪切强度达到了315.2Mpa；同样对铜侧取拉伸帮进行测试，发现其抗拉强度达到了312.8Mpa，说明该发明方法制备的铜钢双金属性能优异。(4) The prepared copper-steel bimetallic composite material sample was machined, and the obtained bonding surface microstructure was shown in Figure 4. It was found that the interface bonding was good without cracking. Further shear test was performed, and it was found that the shear strength reached 315.2 MPa. Similarly, the copper side tensile test was performed, and it was found that its tensile strength reached 312.8 MPa, indicating that the copper-steel bimetallic prepared by the inventive method has excellent performance.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所做的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此，对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下，还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with a specific preferred embodiment. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the present invention and the scope of patent protection determined by the submitted claims.
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