CN1158927C - Preparations used as herbal mosquito repellent incense sticks - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a preparation used as herbal culicifuge, which is made from the components of 0.2 to 3.0 of Tagetes minuta, 0.5 to 15 of cadar, 2.0 to 3.0 of pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder), 2.0 to 3.0 of nut grass powder, 0.1 to 1 of adhesive agents and 8 to 10 of fillers.

Description

Preparations used as herbal mosquito repellent incense sticks

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a formulation for use as an herbal mosquito repellent incense stick.

technical background

Preparations for the manufacture of herbal mosquito repellent incense sticks replace traditional mosquito repellents based on synthetic compounds (allethrins), namely with the help of sheets, coils and sprays of herbal mosquito repellent agarbatti by using natural essential oils of Tagetes minuta (Tyagi et al., 1997 International Pest Control 39 (6) 184-185) and pyrethrum (Pyrethrum) pollen (Howard, 1911 U.S.Der.Agr.Farmers' Bull. 444 1-15, Nagasawawa et al., 1951, Botyu-Kagaku 16 176 -181) to prepare. Pyrethrum-based natural repellents are approved and included in the WHO data sheet for insecticides No. 11, 1975 [Article 1.5] in the Public Health Programme. Although synthetic compounds are highly effective in controlling mosquito hazards, they are also highly toxic to humans and remain in biological systems for long periods of time. Chemical poisons or repellents used to control mosquitoes have proven to be one of the most controversial and vulnerable subjects in recent years.

The widespread use of mosquito repellents and insecticides in public health programs has caused serious environmental pollution and potential health hazards. The introduction of new repellents/insecticides into the environment, which are more toxic and spread faster, requires accurate identification of their potential hazards to humans. Most of them are extremely toxic to mammals and/or other non-target organisms. The degree of hazard depends on the amount of residue and its toxicity. Mosquitoes are known to transmit many diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. About 40 million people in India suffer from mosquito-borne diseases every year. There is a need to develop herb-based mosquito repellants that are safe and ecologically harmless.

Insect repellants play an important role in malaria eradication programmes. Increasing concern over the use of chemicals for insect/pest control in recent years has led to the restriction and, in many cases, complete or partial banning of the use of synthetic insecticides.

This has prompted researchers to develop third-generation herbal mosquito repellents that are not ecologically harmful and have less side effects on humans and the environment. As a result, Tagetesminuta essential oil and Chrysanthemum cinerariaerolium (pyrethrum), known natural plant substances, have been used to control mosquitoes due to their low mammalian toxicity and safe handling.

The insecticidally active constituents of pyrethrum extracts, pyrethrins are esters formed by combining two acids, chrysanthemic acid and pyrethric acid, with three alcohols, pyrethrin, citrulenone and jasmololone . Esters of chrysanthemic acid are referred to as pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II fractions. These compounds work together to kill and exterminate insects. Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum) provides a good example of a natural combination of substances that is difficult to replicate chemically.

Drying at temperatures up to 80°C does not reduce the insecticidal activity in fresh pyrethrum flowers (Godin et al. 1965 J. Sci., Food Agric. 16, 186-191).

(William, 1973 Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum), National Insecticides Chapter 6: 123-142) mentions that pyrethrins are a safe insecticide and pose no acute toxicity hazard to humans.

Allethrins have insecticidal potency and acute toxicity equivalent to natural pyrethrins (Negherbon, 1959, "Handbook of Toxicology" vol. III).

A common mosquito repellant known as Turtle Mosquito Coil claims the use of pyrethrum (pyrethrum flowers) as an insecticide.

Preliminary investigations indicated that Tagetes minuta oil had a synergistic effect with pyrethrum (pyrethrum), which could further increase the importance of the oil (Nais and Pant. 1966 Bull bot. Surv. India 8:75).

Tyagi et al., International Pest Control 39(6): 184-185. refer to insecticidal properties.

Singh and Agarwal (1988, J.chem.Eco, 14(40):1145-51) found that cedrol and cedrene derived from cedar oil had very good insecticidal activity against houseflies (Muscadomestica).

Citrolonellol and citronellal, derived from citronella oil, were found to be effective oil components against mosquitoes (Travis et al. 1946 J. Econ. Ent 42686).

Saleh (1984 Phytochemistry 23 (11) 2497-2498) found that the essential oil of fertilized eggs of Artemisia monosperma had insecticidal activity against houseflies.

current technology

Mosquito repellants currently on the market are mainly in the form of sheets, coils and liquid sprays, but they all contain synthetic compounds such as allethrins, which are extremely harmful to health. The market is flooded with so-called herbal incense sticks but they also have some side effects; firstly they are not herbal as claimed and secondly their burn time is only 1.5 to 2 hours. Since bamboo sticks, charcoal, sandalwood dust and Jigat-adhesive were used, the incense sticks had no aroma when dipped in the following solutions for aromatizing and imparting repellent effect.

(i) Dimethyl phthalate (DP)-55ml

(ii) Citronella oil - 30ml

(iii) Maple Oil - 10ml

(iv) Pyrethrins/Pyrethrins - 10ml

Dimethyl phthalate is an irritant to the sensitive areas of the skin and eyes.

Other mosquito repellents on the market also have the following disadvantages.

1

(i) All tablets sold on the market contain allethrins.

(ii) The tablet is only valid for 2-3 hours.

(iii) If there is no electricity, the tablet cannot be used.

2. Spray liquid

(i) Most spray liquids contain synthetic compounds that are hazardous to health.

(ii) The period of validity is very short.

(iii) All spray liquids sold in the market are very expensive and beyond the reach of ordinary people.

(iv) It cannot be used in open places.

3. Coil

(i) Harmful to health due to containing pyrethrins.

(ii) Certain coils contain very high concentrations of synthetic compounds that are irritating to the skin and eyes.

(iii) Coils are sold in pairs, so separating them from each other is difficult, causing breakage and damage.

Purpose

The main object of the present invention is to develop a formulation for use as a herbal mosquito repellent which overcomes the disadvantages of current mosquito repellents.

Another object is to provide a preparation containing an effective amount of essential oil extracted from aromatic plants and binding material - Litsea glutinosa (Maida lakri), filling material - Acacianilotica (Acacia gum) bark powder , Cyperus rotundus powder and oil obtained from cedar (Cedrusdeodera) for enhanced repellency.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a formulation as an insect repellant, which formulation contains the natural essential oil of Tagetes minuta and pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder).

It is yet another object to provide a mosquito repellent formulation that is safe, biodegradable and has low toxicity to mammals.

A more primary object of the present invention is to provide a formulation for use as a mosquito repellent which is capable of burning for a longer period of time and thus has enhanced efficacy in controlling mosquitoes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation comprising 1 kg of Maida lakri, 250 g of acacia bark powder, 250 g of nagarmotha powder, 100 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 25 g of Tagetes minuta oil Mix well and prepare incense sticks by hand from bamboo chips.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of a formulation for use as a herbal mosquito repellent, said process comprising combining effective amounts of Tagetes minuta essential oil, pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) and Cyperus cyperus powder together with binders and fillers to mix.

overview

Accordingly, the present invention provides a herbal preparation and a method of producing a preparation for use as a herbal mosquito repellant, said preparation comprising an effective amount of pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder), essential oil of Cyperus cyperi powder, cedar oil and Tagetes minuta, and optionally contain binders and fillers such as Ginger, Acacianilotica.

A detailed description

Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel formulation for use as a herbal mosquito repellent, said formulation comprising an effective amount of pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder), Tagetes minuta essential oil and cedar (ceder) Cyperus powder together with binder and Fillers, the ratios are about 0.20-3.0, 0.5-15, 2.0-3.0, 2.0-3.0, 0.1-1 and 8-10 respectively.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a novel formulation for use in an herbal mosquito repellant comprising an effective amount of Tagetes minuta essential oil, cedar (ceder), pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) and Cyperus cyperi powder and The preferred ratio of binder and filler is about 0.25:1:2.5:2.5:0.5:10.

In an embodiment, the pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) is obtained from the flowers of the pyrethrum (pyrethrum) plant.

In another embodiment, the essential oil is obtained from natural sources such as the cedar tree (cedar) and the Tagetes minuta plant.

In another embodiment, the binder in the formulation comprises powder obtained from Zingiber officinalis.

In yet another embodiment, the bulking agent in the formulation comprises powder obtained from the bark of Acacia nilotica.

In another embodiment, the ratio of Zingiber officinale, Acacia nilotica bark powder, Cyperus cyperi powder, pyrethrum (pyrethrum flower), cedarwood (cedar) oil and Tagetes minuta oil is about 10:2.50:2.50, respectively: 1:0.50:0.25.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of producing a formulation for use as a herbal mosquito repellant, said method comprising incorporating an effective amount of the essential oil of Tagetes minuta, pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) and Cyperus cyperi powder together with binder and filler agent mix.

In another embodiment, the binder powder is obtained from the stem and bark of Zingiber officinalis.

Incense sticks prepared from the composition of the present invention are called "Agarbatti".

The compositions of the present invention can be formulated in various physical forms such as repellent coils, sticks, solutions, emulsions, etc. as known in the art. To prepare such preparations in various physical forms, the essential ingredients of the preparation, namely: Tagetes minuta essential oil, cedarwood, pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) and powder of Cyperus plant parts are mixed with the above-mentioned binders and fillers etc. to strengthen the preparation effect. Perfume oils may also be added to the formulation. It also needs to be explained that the amounts of the various components in the formulations mentioned herein are examples only and the appropriate amounts of the various ingredients can vary, and those skilled in the art will not be able to make the preparations in different physical forms. can be easily determined. The content ratios in the formulations of the invention are not critical and can vary widely. The best results are of course obtained by mixing the essential oils and binders in the above ratios. Furthermore, the formulation was found to be effective against several insects, especially mosquitoes.

The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a formulation for use as an insect repellant, the process comprising mixing essential oils derived from Tagetes minuta, cedarwood and Cyperus cyperi powder, pyrethrum (pyrethrum powder) with traditional The step of mixing the binder and filler.

The standard of good mosquito repellent depends on long-term effective protection in all climate conditions, and does not present any health hazards such as toxicity and irritation when burned indoors. Also it should be low cost, eco-friendly and safe and have a good smell.

The novelty of the present invention lies in the preparation of herbal mosquito repellent composition with synergistic effect, wherein the desired novel effect is obtained by adding Tagetes minuta oil, Cyperus cyperi powder and cedarwood oil to pyrethrum pollen.

The following examples and exhaustive field trials show that the efficacy of the formulation of the present invention for mosquito repellent herbal incense sticks is very high.

Different combinations were tried as shown by the following examples. However, it should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. From the five examples given below, it was found that Example 5 is the most suitable since it avoids the disadvantages of Examples 1-4. Applicants observed that when only pyrethrin powder was used in the formulation, the insect-repelling ability of the formulation was moderate. Similarly, no repellent effect was observed when no pyrethrum or Tagetes minuta oil was used in the formulation. Also, Tagetes minuta oil and Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum) flowers are used in the formulation.

In the present invention, nearly 200 combinations containing different herbal repellent herbs and essential oils were tested in different ratios. It is interesting to note that only pyrethrum pollen was ineffective against mosquitoes when used alone in the absence of Tagetes minuta oil and cedar oil. Pyrethrum (pyrethrum) pollen was also less effective when combined with Tagetes minuta or cedar oil, respectively.

Example 1

1 kg of maida lakri powder, 1 kg of acacia bark powder, 500 g of nagarmotha powder, 50 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 10 g of Tagetis oil were mixed together uniformly and made a paste by adding each required amount of water shape. Incense sticks are handmade with the help of bamboo chips.

Incense sticks prepared by this combination showed low repellency and burning time was only 1.5-2 hours.

Example 2

1 kg of maida lakri powder, 500 g of acacia bark powder, 500 g of nagarmotha powder, 200 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 10 g of Tagetes minuta oil were thoroughly mixed together and made a paste by adding water.

Incense sticks prepared by this method have a burning period of nearly 3 hours but cause respiratory irritation problems due to the high content of pyrethrum.

Example 3

1 kg of maida lakri, 200 g of acacia bark powder, 200 g of nagarmotha powder, 50 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 10 g of Tagetes minuta were used for the preparation of the paste and the incense sticks were handmade with the help of bamboo chips made.

Incense sticks have some burning issues due to the high proportion of maida lakri compared to the filling material.

Example 4

1 kg of maida lakri powder, 1 kg of acacia bark powder, 1 kg of nagarmotha powder, 50 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 10 g of Tagetes oil were used for the preparation of the formulation.

Incense sticks prepared by this combination initially presented some production problems due to poor elasticity and burning for less than 2 hours.

Example 5

1 kg of maida lakri, 250 g of acacia bark powder, 250 g of nagarmotha powder, 100 g of pyrethrum pollen, 50 g of cedar oil and 25 g of Tagetes minuta oil were well mixed and made into incense sticks by hand with the help of bamboo chips.

Example 6

In one experiment, the following components (measured in weight percent) were combined to obtain the following formulation:

1. Maid lakri 50-65g

2. Acacia nilotica (Acacia nilotica bark powder) 10-20g

3. Cyperus cyperus (Nagarmotha powder) 10-20g

4. Pyrethrum (pyrethrum pollen) 4-6g

5. Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 2-5g

6.Tagetes minuta oil 1-2g

This formulation was found to be the most effective and effective at repelling insects, especially mosquitoes.

Example 7

Another experiment was carried out to obtain a formulation (100 g) from the following components:

1. Maida lakri 60g

2. Acacia nilotica (Acacia bark) 15g

3. Cyperus cyperus (Nagarmotha powder) 15g

4. Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum chrysanthemum) 6g

5. Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 3g

6.Tagetes minuta oil (Tagetes oil) 1g

The results are very good and the formulation has very good repellent properties.

Field trials of these herbal incense sticks were carried out in 169 houses in different parts of Lucknow and surrounding India. Households selected for testing are represented by total living area. Data collected from various people showed that only 9% mentioned some burning problems, while 91% found it to be non-existent; 10% mentioned that the repelling effect was low, and 18% mentioned that the effect was moderate to normal, while 72% found good repellency. None mentioned irritation or any other adverse health effects. Regarding the burning time and expiry date of the incense stick, only 7% mentioned the burning time of less than 4 hours, while 93% mentioned the burning time of 4.30 to 5 hours, and the late period of 3 hours after the incense stick is fully burned effect.

Some findings of the present invention:

a) Less repellency was reported when only pyrethrum pollen was used

b) Not repellent when pyrethrum and Tagetes minuta oil are not used.

C) Repellency is lower when only Tagetes minuta oil is used.

d) Both Tagetes minuta oil and pyrethrum pollen are more effective when used together with cedar oil.

Advantages of the invention

1. This preparation is the safest, has no harm to the ecology, is easy to operate and has the strongest repelling power against mosquitoes.

2. Field tests on humans, by one way or the other, have shown no toxicity.

3. The product is inexpensive and does not require expensive ingredients.

4. Since no electricity is required, the mosquito repellent herbal incense stick can be used in any village or anywhere in the open area.

5. This technology provides more employment opportunities especially for women engaged in cottage industries in rural areas.

6. Since it does not require any big infrastructure and investment compared to coils and gaskets, it is possible to prepare mosquito repellent herbal incense sticks in the living room.

7. The mosquito repellent herbal incense stick prepared from this formulation burns for nearly 4.5 to 5.0 hours and has a 3-hour after effect.

Claims (15)

1. A preparation for use as a herbal mosquito repellant, said preparation containing the following proportions: Tagetes minuta (essential oil) 0.20-3.0 Pyrethrum powder 0.5-15 Cyperus rotundum powder 2.0-3.0 Cedar oil 2.0-3.0 Adhesive 0.1-1 Fillers 8-10. 2. The preparation as claimed in claim 1, containing the following proportions: Tagetes minuta (essential oil) 0.25 Pyrethrum Pollen 1.0 Cyperus powder 2.5 Cedar oil 2.5 with binder 0.5 and filler 10. 3. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the pyrethrum powder is obtained from the flowers of the pyrethrum plant. 4. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder powder is obtained from the stem and bark of Zingiber officinalis. 5. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the bulking agent is obtained from the bark of Acacia nilotica. 6. The preparation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following components are measured by weight percentage: 1).Maid lakri 50-65g 2).Acacia nilotica (Acacia nilotica bark powder) 10-20g 3).Fructus Cyperi (Nagarmotha Powder) 10-20g 4). Pyrethrum (pyrethrum pollen) 4-6g 5). Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 2-5g 6).Tagetes minuta oil 1-2g. 7. The preparation according to claim 6, wherein the following components are taken in an amount of 100 g: 1).Maida lakri 60g 2). Acacia nilotica (Acacia bark) 15g 3).Fructus Cyperi (Nagarmotha Powder) 15g 4). Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum chrysanthemum) 6g 5). Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 3g 6).Tagetes minuta oil (Tagetes oil) 1g. 8. A method of producing a formulation for use as a herbal mosquito repellant, said method comprising mixing together effective amounts of Tagetes minuta essential oil, pyrethrum powder, Cyperus cyperi powder, cedar oil with binders and fillers, and using Bamboo slices are used to prepare incense sticks. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ratios of Tagetes minuta essential oil, pyrethrum (pyrethrum pollen) and Cyperus cyperi powder, cedar oil to binder and filler are 0.20-3.0, 0.5-15, 2.0-3.0, 2.0- 3.0, 0.1-1 and 8-10. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ratio of Tagetes minuta oil, pyrethrum (Pyrethrum chrysanthemum), Rhizoma Cyperi powder, acacia bark, cedar (cedar) oil to binder and filler is 0.25: 1:2.5:2.5:0.5:10. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the pyrethrum powder is obtained from flowers of the pyrethrum plant. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the binder is obtained from the stem and bark of Zingiber officinalis. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the filler is obtained from the bark of Acacia nilotica. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the following components are measured by weight percentage: 1). Maid lakri 50-65g 2).Acacia nilotica (Acacia nilotica bark powder) 10-20g 3).Fructus Cyperi (Nagarmotha powder) 10-20g 4). Pyrethrum (pyrethrum pollen) 4-6g 5). Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 2-5g 6).Tagetes minuta oil 1-2g. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the following components are taken in amounts to reach 100 g: 1).Maida lakri 60g 2).Acacia nilotica (Acacia bark) 15g 3).Fructus Cyperi (Nagarmotha Powder) 15g 4).Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum chrysanthemum) 6g 5). Cedarwood (Cedar Oil) 3g 6).Tagetes minuta oil (Tagetes oil) 1g.