CN115870819B - Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials - Google Patents
Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种磨削硬脆材料小直径圆柱工件的装置及磨削方法，它涉及一种磨削装置及磨削方法。本发明为了解决现有无心磨加工小圆柱工件工艺无法加工2mm以下的小直径硬脆材料圆柱工件的问题。本发明的多个实验台支撑立柱固定支撑在实验台上，砂轮主轴进给直线导轨安装在实验台的上端面上，第一砂轮主轴和第二砂轮主轴安装在砂轮主轴进给直线导轨上，第一砂轮安装在第一砂轮主轴上，第二砂轮安装在第二砂轮主轴上，第一砂轮和第二砂轮相对布置并位于同一个竖直平面上，硬脆材料小圆柱工件位于第一砂轮和第二砂轮之间的上部。方法：确定磨削加工工艺、砂轮修整方法、确定双砂轮转速差和形状精度。本发明用于硬脆材料小直径圆柱工件的加工。
A device and a grinding method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials, which relates to a grinding device and a grinding method. The present invention is to solve the problem that the existing centerless grinding process for processing small cylindrical workpieces cannot process small-diameter cylindrical workpieces made of hard and brittle materials below 2 mm. A plurality of laboratory table support columns of the present invention are fixedly supported on the laboratory table, a grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide rail is installed on the upper end surface of the laboratory table, a first grinding wheel spindle and a second grinding wheel spindle are installed on the grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide rail, a first grinding wheel is installed on the first grinding wheel spindle, a second grinding wheel is installed on the second grinding wheel spindle, the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are arranged relatively and located on the same vertical plane, and a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials is located at the upper part between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel. Method: Determine the grinding process, the grinding wheel dressing method, and determine the speed difference and shape accuracy of the double grinding wheels. The present invention is used for processing small-diameter cylindrical workpieces made of hard and brittle materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding device and a grinding method, in particular to a device and a grinding method for precisely grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material by utilizing the difference of the rotation speeds of double grinding wheels.
Background
Precision grinding is the main method for processing small cylindrical workpieces of hard and brittle materials. In the traditional centerless grinding process for processing small cylindrical workpieces, the minimum processing range of the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is limited by the thickness of a supporting plate, and the hard and brittle material workpiece is easy to break and fracture and cannot be processed to be smaller than 2 mm.
Therefore, the process method is provided for precisely grinding the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material with the small diameter, and the processing efficiency of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the existing centerless grinding process for processing small cylindrical workpieces, the minimum processing range of the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is limited by the thickness of a supporting plate, the hard and brittle material workpiece is easy to break and fracture, and the small diameter of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece below 2mm cannot be processed. Further provides a device and a method for grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials comprises a laboratory bench, a plurality of laboratory bench supporting columns, a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail, a first grinding wheel spindle, a first grinding wheel, a second grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel spindle; the plurality of experiment table support columns are fixedly supported on the lower end face of the experiment table, the grinding wheel main shaft feeding linear guide rail is arranged on the upper end face of the experiment table, the first grinding wheel main shaft and the second grinding wheel main shaft are arranged on the grinding wheel main shaft feeding linear guide rail, the first grinding wheel is arranged on the first grinding wheel main shaft, the second grinding wheel is arranged on the second grinding wheel main shaft, the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are oppositely arranged and are located on the same vertical plane, the small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials is located on the upper portion between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel, and grinding of the small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials is achieved when the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel rotate in the same direction.
Further, a grinding gap is left between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel.
Further, the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail comprises a Z-direction linear guide rail and an X-direction linear guide rail, the first grinding wheel spindle is arranged on the Z-direction linear guide rail, and the second grinding wheel spindle is arranged on the X-direction linear guide rail.
Further, the number of the plurality of experiment table supporting columns is four, and the four experiment table supporting columns are respectively arranged at four corners of the lower end face of the experiment table 7 so that the experiment table is in a horizontal state.
Further, the numerical control system is arranged outside the experiment table and is electrically connected with the first grinding wheel spindle and the second grinding wheel spindle, and the positions of the first grinding wheel spindle and the second grinding wheel spindle on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail are adjusted through the numerical control system.
The invention also provides a grinding method of the device for the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material, which comprises the following steps:
Step one: determining a precise grinding process of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
The precise grinding process of the small cylindrical workpiece of the hard and brittle material adopts two ceramic-based or resin-based diamond grinding wheels to simultaneously grind and support the small cylindrical workpiece of the hard and brittle material to grind;
Step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
Step two,: trimming single ceramic-based or resin-based grinding wheels one by one through a diamond trimming tool, or performing opposite grinding through two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels while performing reciprocating motion along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and bus lines are kept parallel;
Step two: adopting a control program to adjust the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface to ensure that the grinding gap is equal to the diameter required by the workpiece after grinding, and enabling the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and to be supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
Step three: determining the rotation speed difference of the double grinding wheels;
The method comprises the steps of adopting a grinding method that a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel rotate in the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction simultaneously, and the two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material are ground with opposite directions of the dotted line speed, adjusting the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel to form a certain speed difference at the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material, wherein the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is larger than the upward linear speed;
step four: shape accuracy of small cylindrical workpieces of hard and brittle materials;
two precisely trimmed ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels are adopted to simultaneously grind two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material, and the precision grinding is carried out until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
Further, the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials in the first step is a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials with the diameter below 2 mm.
Further, in the third step, when the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are ceramic-based grinding wheels, the linear speed directions of the reference surface positions are opposite, and the precision grinding process parameters of the reverse linear speed with the rotating speed difference of 0.02rpm-0.05rpm are caused, wherein the highest rotating speed of the ceramic-based grinding wheels is not more than 65rpm, the lowest rotating speed is not less than 30rpm, and the position error and the cylindricity shape error index of the coaxiality of the grinding process are ensured to be 0.012-0.016mm through the two ceramic-based grinding wheels.
Further, the two ceramic-based grinding wheels in the third step are positioned on the same horizontal datum plane, and the gap between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel is adjusted through a control program to form the diameter required by the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material after grinding, wherein the diameter is in the range of 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the grinding gap between the rotational speed n 1 of the first grinding wheel and the rotational speed n 2 of the second grinding wheel determines the diameter size of the small cylindrical workpiece of brittle material.
Further, it also includes the step five: the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material with the small diameter is obtained through the precise grinding process, and falls off and is recovered when the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material is smaller than the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. The invention processes the small cylindrical workpiece with the micro diameter of 0.2mm-1mm by a precise grinding process, reduces the processing cost of the small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials, and improves the grinding efficiency.
2. The invention obtains the technological index of rotating speed difference between 0.02rpm and 0.05rpm, adjusts the grinding gap between two ceramic-based grinding wheels through a numerical control system, and realizes the grinding of small cylindrical workpieces of hard and brittle materials with diameters between 0.2mm and 2 mm.
3. In the processing of small cylindrical workpieces of small hard and brittle materials with the small diameters of 0.2mm-2mm, the invention adopts a rotational speed difference precise grinding processing technology, and the precise grinding processing parameters and results are shown in table 1 (taking the grinding workpiece with the diameter of 0.9mm as an example). The results in Table 1 show that the invention can meet the requirement index of the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece in the industrial field.
TABLE 1
The parameters S-, R-, S in table 1 indicate the turning of the rotational speed n 1 of the first grinding wheel 1 to-counter clockwise; r represents the rotation speed n 2 of the second grinding wheel 2, and the rotation direction is counterclockwise; s-, R-represents the linear speeds of grinding contact areas of two ceramic-based grinding wheels of the rotating speed n 1 of the first grinding wheel 1 and the rotating speed n 2 of the second grinding wheel 2 on two sides of a workpiece (referred to as a small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of hard and brittle materials), and the formed rotating speed difference ranges from 0.02rpm to 0.05rpm. Wherein, the rotational speed difference requirement satisfies: rotational speed n 2 of the second grinding wheel 2 = rotational speed n 1 +0.02rpm-0.05rpm of the first grinding wheel 1.
In addition, in table 1, noise trend +.is shown that noise exhibits a relative decrease trend; -representing that the noise presents a relatively steady trend; ∈ indicates that noise exhibits a relatively increasing tendency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for grinding small diameter cylindrical workpieces of brittle and hard material in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rotational speed difference when grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of a brittle material;
FIG. 3 is a force analysis diagram of FIG. 2, F 1N and F 2N -normal forces of the first wheel 1 and the second wheel 2 on the workpiece; f 1t and F 2t -tangential forces of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 on the workpiece; the rotation direction of the n-hard brittle material small cylindrical workpiece is clockwise; n 1 —the direction of rotation of the first grinding wheel 1 (rotational speed position n 1), anticlockwise; n 2 -the direction of rotation of the second grinding wheel 2 (rotational speed n 2), anticlockwise; circle centers of the O-hard brittle small cylindrical workpiece; o 1 -circle center of the first grinding wheel 1 (rotating speed n 1); o 2 -circle center of the second grinding wheel 2 (rotating speed n 2); g-gravity of small cylindrical workpieces.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 3, a device for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of a brittle material according to the present embodiment includes a laboratory bench 7, a plurality of laboratory bench support posts 6, a grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide 8, a first grinding wheel spindle 1, a first grinding wheel 2, a second grinding wheel 4, and a second grinding wheel spindle 5; the experiment table comprises a plurality of experiment table support columns 6, a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail 8, a first grinding wheel spindle 1, a second grinding wheel spindle 5, a first grinding wheel 2, a second grinding wheel 4, a first grinding wheel 2 and a second grinding wheel 4, wherein the experiment table support columns 6 are fixedly supported on the lower end face of an experiment table 7, the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail 8 is arranged on the upper end face of the experiment table 7, the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 are arranged on the grinding wheel spindle 8, the first grinding wheel 2 and the second grinding wheel 4 are arranged on the second grinding wheel spindle 5 in a relative mode and are located on the same vertical plane, the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of hard and brittle materials is located on the upper portion between the first grinding wheel 2 and the second grinding wheel 4, and when the first grinding wheel 2 and the second grinding wheel 4 rotate in the same direction relatively.
Compared with the traditional centerless grinder, the method and the device for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials by utilizing the rotating speed difference of the double grinding wheels have no supporting plate supporting device, can not be limited by the thickness of the carriage, and can grind the cylindrical workpiece with smaller diameter by determining the diameter of the workpiece to be ground by the clearance between the two grinding wheels. When grinding starts, the small cylindrical workpiece is positioned above a gap between the two grinding wheels, as shown in fig. 3, due to the functions of steering and rotating speed difference of the two grinding wheels, the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 have certain difference on grinding forces F 1t and F 2t of the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece, so that the small cylindrical workpiece rotates clockwise (fig. 2), and meanwhile, a downward grinding force F is formed on the workpiece and the gravity G of the workpiece are together (fig. 3), so that the workpiece contacts the surface of the grinding wheel and realizes slow feeding, and thus grinding processing is performed on the small cylindrical workpiece.
The method and the device for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials by utilizing the rotating speed difference of the double grinding wheels are suitable for processing the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials, the stability and the reliability of the processing technology are high, the shape precision and the yield of the processing of the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials are improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which a grinding gap is left between the first grinding wheel 2 and the second grinding wheel 4. The grinding gap of the present embodiment controls the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of brittle and hard material to be ground. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide 8 includes a Z-direction linear guide on which the first grinding wheel spindle 1 is mounted and an X-direction linear guide on which the second grinding wheel spindle 5 is mounted. The arrangement is convenient for flexibly adjusting the position between the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 according to actual needs, and further adjusting the gap between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel; other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the number of the plurality of laboratory support columns 6 is four, and the laboratory support columns 6 are respectively attached to four corners of the lower end surface of the laboratory 7 so that the laboratory 7 is in a horizontal state. The setting is convenient for guarantee that whole laboratory bench is in the horizontality like this, provides necessary guarantee for accurate processing tiny work piece. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second or third embodiments.
Fifth embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, which further includes a numerical control system mounted on the outside of the experiment table 7 and electrically connected to the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5, and positions of the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 on the grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide 8 are adjusted by the numerical control system. In this way, the numerical control system adopted in the present embodiment is a conventional technical means, and will not be described here again, and the numerical control system controls the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 more accurately. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third or fourth embodiments.
The first grinding spindle 1 and the second grinding spindle 5 claimed in this embodiment are actually included as an entire grinding machine.
Specific embodiment six: referring to fig. 1 to 3, a grinding method of an apparatus for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of a brittle and hard material according to the present embodiment is described, comprising the steps of:
Step one: determining a precise grinding process of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
The precise grinding process of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material adopts a process that two ceramic-based or resin-based diamond grinding wheels simultaneously grind and support the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material to grind at two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material;
Step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
Step two,: trimming single ceramic-based or resin-based grinding wheels one by one through a diamond trimming tool, or performing opposite grinding through two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels while performing reciprocating motion along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and bus lines are kept parallel;
Step two: adopting a control program to adjust the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface to ensure that the grinding gap is equal to the diameter required by the workpiece after grinding, and enabling the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of the hard and brittle material to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and to be supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
Step three: determining the rotation speed difference of the double grinding wheels;
The method comprises the steps of adopting a grinding method that a first grinding wheel 1 and a second grinding wheel 2 rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 rotate in the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction at the same time, and the directions of the speeds of grinding dotted lines at two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of a brittle material are opposite, adjusting the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 to form a certain speed difference at two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of the brittle material, wherein the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is larger than the upward linear speed;
Step four: the shape precision of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of hard and brittle materials;
Two precisely trimmed ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels are adopted to simultaneously grind two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of a hard and brittle material, until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
The invention discloses a method for precisely grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material by utilizing the difference of the rotation speeds of double grinding wheels, which comprises the following steps: precise grinding processing technology of hard and brittle small cylindrical workpieces, grinding wheel dressing method, double grinding wheel rotation speed difference and shape precision;
the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials refers to a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials, and particularly aims at the workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials with the diameter below 2 mm; the precise grinding process of the small cylindrical workpiece adopts a process that two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels grind two sides of the workpiece simultaneously and support the workpiece to grind;
According to the grinding wheel dressing method, the single ceramic-based grinding wheels can be dressed one by one through a diamond dressing tool, and the grinding wheels can be dressed by two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and simultaneously reciprocate along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrix is kept parallel. Adopting a control program to adjust and control the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface to ensure that the grinding gap is equal to the diameter required by the workpiece after grinding, and enabling the workpiece to be positioned above the gap and to be supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
The double-grinding-wheel rotating speed difference adopts a grinding method that grinding wheel 1 (rotating speed n 1) and grinding wheel 2 (rotating speed n 2) rotate in the same direction (simultaneously rotate along the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction) and the directions of the speeds of grinding points at two sides of a workpiece are opposite, and the rotating speeds of the two grinding wheels are adjusted to form a small rotating speed difference (0.02 rpm-0.05 rpm) to form a certain speed difference at two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece, wherein n 2>n1 enables the downward linear speed to be slightly larger than the upward linear speed;
The shape precision is achieved by adopting two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels subjected to precision finishing to simultaneously perform precision grinding on two sides of a workpiece, so that the index requirements of cylindricity and roughness of the workpiece are met.
Seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of a brittle material in the first step of the present embodiment is a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of a brittle material having a diameter of 2mm or less. The present embodiment is directed to processing such a minute workpiece. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiments.
Eighth embodiment: in the third step of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 3, when the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 are ceramic-based grinding wheels, the linear velocity directions at the reference surface position are opposite, and the precision grinding process parameters of the reverse linear velocity with the rotational speed difference of 0.02rpm to 0.05rpm are set, the maximum rotational speed of the ceramic-based grinding wheels is not more than 65rpm, the minimum rotational speed is not less than 30rpm, and the position error and the cylindricity shape error index of the coaxiality are ensured to be 0.012 to 0.016mm for the grinding process by the two ceramic-based grinding wheels. The workpiece with high machining precision is high in precision, and the design requirement is met. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the third step of the present embodiment, two ceramic-based grinding wheels are located on the same horizontal reference plane, and the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 is adjusted by a control program to form a diameter required by the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of a hard and brittle material after grinding, wherein the diameter is in the range of 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the grinding gap between the rotational speed n 1 of the first grinding wheel 1 and the rotational speed n 2 of the second grinding wheel 2 determines the diameter size of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of brittle material. The workpiece with high machining precision is high in precision, and the design requirement is met. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to eighth embodiments.
Detailed description ten: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and further includes the step five: the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material with the small diameter is obtained through the precise grinding process, and falls off and is recovered when the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of the hard and brittle material is smaller than the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2. So set up, the collection of the work piece of being convenient for. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in any one of the first to ninth embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to fig. 1 to 3:
Example 1
Before grinding, the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials is made of a cylindrical rod-shaped blank material with a small diameter, the diameter is 1.2mm-2mm, and the length of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials is smaller than the width of the grinding wheel.
The method for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials by utilizing the rotating speed difference of the double grinding wheels comprises the following steps of:
(1) The grinding wheel dressing can be carried out by dressing a single ceramic-based diamond grinding wheel through a diamond tool, or by carrying out grinding by two ceramic-based grinding wheels, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrix of the two grinding wheels is kept parallel, and a control program is adopted to adjust the grinding gap of the two ceramic-based grinding wheels to form 0.2mm-2mm on a reference surface. At this time, the grinding gap is equal to the diameter required after the small cylindrical workpiece is ground, and the small cylindrical workpiece is supported by two grinding wheels and is ground. When the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is equal to the gap between the two grinding wheels, the workpiece falls from the gap to finish grinding (see fig. 2).
(2) The two ceramic-based grinding wheels 1 (the rotating speed n 1) and the grinding wheels 2 (the rotating speed n 2) rotate in the same direction (simultaneously rotate in the anticlockwise or clockwise direction), the directions of the grinding dotted line speeds at the two sides of the workpiece are opposite, the rotating speeds of the two grinding wheels are adjusted to form a certain speed difference at the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece, the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is slightly larger than the upward linear speed (see figure 3).
(3) At the beginning of grinding, a small cylindrical workpiece of a hard and brittle material is placed over the gap formed by the two grinding wheels, by rotating the two grinding wheels in the same direction and forming a small rotational speed difference (n 2＞n1). Due to the effect of the rotation speed difference, the two grinding wheels have certain difference on the grinding force of the small cylindrical workpiece with the hard and brittle materials, and the tangential forces F 1t and F 2t on the two sides are different in size (see figure 3), so that the workpiece rotates and forms a downward tiny grinding force component, thereby grinding the small cylindrical workpiece with the hard and brittle materials.
(4) The two ceramic-based grinding wheels are positioned on the same horizontal reference plane, and the two grinding wheels are adjusted to form a grinding gap of 0.2mm-2mm on the grinding reference plane through a control program. At this time, the grinding gap between the grinding wheel 1 (rotational speed n 1) and the grinding wheel 2 (rotational speed n 2) determines the diameter size of the small cylindrical workpiece of brittle material.
Example 2
In the experimental process, horizontally placing the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material above a grinding gap formed by two ceramic-based grinding wheels, and performing precise grinding according to the technological parameters in table 1 according to the final diameter (mm) index of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material subjected to precise grinding; according to the steps in (3) and (4), the grinding gap between the grinding wheel 1 (the rotating speed n 1) and the grinding wheel 2 (the rotating speed n 2) is adjusted through a control program, and finally, small cylindrical workpieces of hard and brittle materials with different required machining diameters are obtained.
The precise grinding process parameters and results are shown in table 1.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to cover various modifications which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The grinding method of the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials adopts a device for grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials, and the device comprises a laboratory bench (7), a plurality of laboratory bench supporting columns (6), a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8), a first grinding wheel spindle (1), a first grinding wheel (2), a second grinding wheel (4) and a second grinding wheel spindle (5);
The experiment table support column (6) is fixedly supported on the lower end face of the experiment table (7), the grinding wheel main shaft feeding linear guide rail (8) is installed on the upper end face of the experiment table (7), the first grinding wheel main shaft (1) and the second grinding wheel main shaft (5) are installed on the grinding wheel main shaft feeding linear guide rail (8), the first grinding wheel (2) is installed on the first grinding wheel main shaft (1), the second grinding wheel (4) is installed on the second grinding wheel main shaft (5), the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) are oppositely arranged and are located on the same vertical plane, the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials is located on the upper portion between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4), and grinding of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials is achieved when the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) rotate in the same direction. A grinding gap is reserved between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4);
the method is characterized in that: the grinding method comprises the following steps:
Step one: determining a precise grinding process of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
The precise grinding process of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials adopts a process that two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels grind and support the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials to grind at the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials at the same time;
Step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
Step two,: trimming single ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels one by one through a diamond trimming tool, or performing opposite grinding through two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and simultaneously performing reciprocating motion along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and bus lines are kept parallel;
Step two: adopting a control program to adjust the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface to ensure that the grinding gap is equal to the diameter required by the workpiece after grinding, and enabling the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and to be supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
Step three: determining the rotation speed difference of the double grinding wheels;
The method comprises the steps of adopting a grinding method that a first grinding wheel (2) and a second grinding wheel (4) rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) rotate in the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction at the same time, and the two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials are ground with opposite directions of the dotted line speed, adjusting the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) to form a certain speed difference at the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials, wherein the rotating speed difference ranges from 0.02rpm to 0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is larger than the upward linear speed;
step four: the shape precision of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials;
Two precisely trimmed ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels are adopted to simultaneously carry out precise grinding on two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of a hard and brittle material until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
2. The method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a brittle material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle materials in the first step is a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials with the diameter below 2 mm.
3. The method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a brittle material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) are ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels, the rotating speed range of the two grinding wheels is 30rpm-65rpm, and the position error and the shape error index of cylindricity of coaxiality are 0.012-0.016mm through the two grinding wheels to the grinding process.
4. A method for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of brittle and hard material according to claim 3, characterized by: the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels in the third step are positioned on the same horizontal datum plane, and the gap between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) is adjusted through a control program to form the diameter required by the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle material after grinding, wherein the diameter is in the range of 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the grinding gap between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) determines the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) of hard and brittle material.
5. The method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a brittle material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8) comprises a Z-direction linear guide rail and an X-direction linear guide rail, the first grinding wheel spindle (1) is arranged on the Z-direction linear guide rail, and the second grinding wheel spindle (5) is arranged on the X-direction linear guide rail.
6. The method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a brittle material according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of the experiment table support columns (6) is four, and the four experiment table support columns (6) are respectively arranged at four corners of the lower end surface of the experiment table (7) so that the experiment table (7) is in a horizontal state.
7. The method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a brittle material according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the device also comprises a numerical control system, wherein the numerical control system is arranged on the outer side of the experiment table (7) and is electrically connected with the first grinding wheel spindle (1) and the second grinding wheel spindle (5), and the positions of the first grinding wheel spindle (1) and the second grinding wheel spindle (5) on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8) are adjusted through the numerical control system.
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| US3209498A (en) * | 1963-07-09 | 1965-10-05 | Albert H Dall | Machine tool rigidity control mechanism |
| EP0548957A1 (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-06-30 | Micron Machinery Co., Ltd. | Method of centerless grinding, and centerless grinding machine for stepped work |
| CN1068271C (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 2001-07-11 | 利德雪平机器工具公司 | Centreless machine |
| JPH10118903A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-05-12 | Ntn Corp | Facility provided with grinder line in parallel |
| JPH10193262A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-07-28 | Micron Seimitsu Kk | Method and device for dressing grinding wheel for centerless grinding machine and centerless grinding machine |
| JP3903611B2 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2007-04-11 | 日本精工株式会社 | Centerless grinding machine and workpiece machining method |
| JP5154880B2 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2013-02-27 | 中村留精密工業株式会社 | Hard brittle plate chamfering device with dressing device |
| CN106541318A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-03-29 | 天津众晶半导体材料有限公司 | A kind of silicon rod grinder |
| CN106826423A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-06-13 | 天津鑫泰尔毛皮机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of knife sharpener for being easy to adjust |
| CN107639509A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-30 | 中建材衢州金格兰石英有限公司 | The grinding attachment and its method for grinding of stock quartz glass bar |
| CN212351356U (en) * | 2020-05-10 | 2021-01-15 | 李红 | Part grinding device for intelligent manufacturing |
| CN212496837U (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-02-09 | 洛阳汇工轴承科技有限公司 | Grinding device based on large-convexity tapered roller outer diameter |
| CN213646878U (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-07-09 | 南通市敦强紧固件制造有限公司 | Rod piece polishing system |
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