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CN115822576B - A quantitative characterization method for residual oil in injection-production well groups of ultra-low permeability reservoirs - Google Patents

A quantitative characterization method for residual oil in injection-production well groups of ultra-low permeability reservoirs Download PDF

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CN115822576B
CN115822576B CN202211376975.5A CN202211376975A CN115822576B CN 115822576 B CN115822576 B CN 115822576B CN 202211376975 A CN202211376975 A CN 202211376975A CN 115822576 B CN115822576 B CN 115822576B
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CN115822576A (en
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成友友
谭成仟
邱祥亮
肖玲
罗翔
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Xian Shiyou University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development and discloses a quantitative characterization method of residual oil of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir injection and production well group, which comprises the following steps of S1, taking an injection well as a center, dividing injection and production units of the well group, and obtaining physical parameters of average porosity, permeability, water content, water saturation and effective thickness of each unit; S2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the washing area, the two-phase area and the sweep area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining the control ranges of the different areas, S3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the washing area, the two-phase area and the sweep area corresponding to each unit, S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution map of the injection well group, and obtaining a residual oil distribution pattern of the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir well group. The method disclosed by the invention is small in data acquisition difficulty, can quantitatively and intuitively describe the distribution rule of the residual oil among wells, indicates the well group digging and submerging directions under different residual oil distribution modes, and provides a decision basis for improving the development effect of the ultra-low permeability reservoir.

Description

Quantitative characterization method for residual oil of ultra-low permeability reservoir injection and production well group
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a quantitative characterization method for residual oil in an ultra-low permeability reservoir injection and production well group.
Background
With the deep exploration of petroleum and natural gas, a plurality of ultra-low permeability reservoirs are gradually explored, and in recent years, the newly discovered low permeability-ultra-low permeability reservoirs account for more than 68% of the newly-increased exploration reserves, so that the ultra-low permeability reservoirs occupy a very important position in the petroleum and natural gas industry in China. The method is limited by the outstanding characteristics of poor physical properties, strong heterogeneity, crack development and the like of the oil reservoirs, the development contradiction is continuously highlighted, the method is mainly characterized in that the oil reservoir communication degree is not realized, the water flooding and seepage rules between injection and production wells are complex, the distribution condition of the residual oil is not known clearly, the oil reservoir development and adjustment are lack of effective theoretical support, and the further development of the potential of the oil well is restricted.
For a long time, many scholars have conducted a great deal of research work around the residual oil distribution of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, and the research work can be mainly divided into two types, namely micro residual oil characterization and macro residual oil characterization. The microscopic residual oil is mainly researched by two means of core displacement and a microscopic physical model, and macroscopic residual oil research mainly comprises residual oil logging and oil reservoir numerical simulation technologies, wherein the oil reservoir numerical simulation is the residual oil characterization method with highest reliability and the most extensive application at present. However, the microscopic residual oil characterization can be only used as a qualitative mechanism research means due to the small research scale, logging of logging data of an actual oil well is needed in the residual oil logging method in the macroscopic residual oil characterization method, construction cost is high, oil reservoir numerical simulation depends on a large amount of basic data and oil reservoir geological modeling, and a large amount of computers are needed in the simulation process. In addition, the well group is used as a minimum injection and production unit, and only if the characterization of the residual oil is carried out by taking the minimum injection and production unit as a focus, the basis can be provided for the excavation and diving treatment of the residual oil more directly and effectively, and obviously, the research scale of the existing method has weak applicability to the description of the residual oil of the well group.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the quantitative characterization method for the residual oil in the injection and production well group of the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, wherein only physical properties and production data of the injection and production well are needed in the process, the calculation process is simple, the data are easy to obtain, the calculation of the residual oil among wells can be carried out, the distribution of the saturation of the residual oil is quantitatively described, and theoretical support is accurately provided for the development and adjustment of the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir in real time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quantitative characterization method for residual oil of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir injection and production well group comprises the following steps:
S1, taking a water injection well as a center, dividing a well group into injection and production units, and solving the average porosity, permeability, water content and water saturation of each unit;
S2, respectively calculating effective distances of a washing area, a two-phase area and a sweep area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining control ranges of the different areas;
S3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding washing area, the two-phase area and the sweep area in each unit;
And S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution diagram of the injection well group to obtain a residual oil distribution pattern of the ultralow permeability reservoir well group.
Preferably, in the step S1, the calculation method of average porosity, permeability and water saturation is to weight average the measured values of the injection well.
Preferably, in the step S1, the water content calculating method is an average value of water contents of nearly three months in the oil production well.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance of the water washing area is divided into two cases of a pore type reservoir and a fracture type reservoir;
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the pore type reservoir water washing area is as follows:
wherein r wr is the effective distance of the water washing area, m, S or is the saturation of residual oil,%; The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining a derivative of a water content change curve along with water saturation, wherein phi is average porosity, decimal, h is effective thickness, m is q w, water yield of a production well, m 3/d;td is water breakthrough time of the oil well, d is production time;
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the water washing area of the fractured reservoir is as follows:
Wherein K t is the average permeability of a water washing area, mD, mu is the viscosity of stratum water, mPa.s, C t is the comprehensive compression coefficient of the stratum, MPa -1, and phi is the average porosity and decimal.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calculation of the effective distance between the two phase regions is equally divided into two cases of a pore type reservoir and a fracture type reservoir;
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the pore type reservoir is as follows:
wherein R f is the effective distance between two phases, m, R is the extraction degree of crude oil from well group,%;
the two-phase region of the fracture type reservoir is elliptical, and the effective distance calculation formulas in the short axis direction and the long axis direction of the two-phase region are respectively as follows:
Wherein r af and r bf are effective distances in the short axis and long axis directions, respectively, m, and L is half-length of the slit, m.
Preferably, in the step S2, the calculation formula of the effective distance of the swept area is:
Wherein r is the effective distance of the sweep region, m, r w is the radius of the shaft, S w is the water saturation,%; t is the production time, d; The water content is the derivative of a water saturation change curve along with the water saturation, phi is the average porosity, h is the effective thickness, m, q w is the water yield of a production well, and m 3/d.
Preferably, in step S3, the remaining oil saturation of the water washing zone is the remaining oil saturation.
Preferably, in the step S3, the remaining oil saturation of the two-phase region is the average oil saturation of the two-phase region, and the calculation method is as follows:
wherein: The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining the average oil saturation of a two-phase zone, wherein phi is the average porosity and decimal, h is the effective thickness, m, q w is the water yield of a production well, m 3/d;rf is the effective distance of the two-phase zone, m wr is the effective distance of a washing zone, m and t is the production time and d.
Preferably, in the step S3, the remaining oil saturation of the sweep region is the average oil saturation of the sweep region, and the calculation method is as follows:
Wherein S od is the average oil saturation of the sweep region,% S oi is the initial oil saturation,% A wr、Atp 、Aod、Ad respectively represents the areas of the water washing region, the two-phase region, the sweep region and the well group, and S or is the residual oil saturation,%; Is the average oil saturation of the two-phase zone,%.
Preferably, in step S4, the distribution pattern of the residual oil in the ultra-low permeability reservoir well group includes a moderately uniform water flooding pattern, a unidirectional flooding pattern, a multidirectional flooding pattern, a locally weak directional pattern, and a poorly weak displacement pattern.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The characterization method can quantitatively and intuitively describe the distribution rule of the residual oil among wells, point out the digging and submerging directions of well groups under different residual oil distribution modes, and provide decision basis for improving the development effect of the ultra-low permeability reservoir;
(2) According to the invention, only physical property data such as porosity, permeability, effective thickness, oil saturation and the like of the injection well and basic parameters such as production dynamic data are needed, and the related data are few and easy to obtain;
(3) According to the oil-water two-phase seepage theory in the oil reservoir engineering, the calculation process is simpler, the operability is strong, and compared with the traditional methods such as oil reservoir numerical simulation and the like, the method avoids the waste of a large number of computers, and saves a large amount of time and labor cost;
(4) Compared with the actual dynamic monitoring analysis result, the calculation result of the invention has high coincidence degree, can meet engineering requirements, and can be widely popularized and applied in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitatively characterizing residual oil in an ultra-low permeability reservoir injection and production well group.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a well group injection and production unit and different zone divisions provided by the invention, wherein fig. 2a is a well group injection and production unit division, and fig. 2b is a well group water washing zone, two-phase zone, sweep zone and non-zone distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is an application example of comparing the saturation distribution of the well group and the water flooding front monitoring result, wherein fig. 3a is a residual oil saturation distribution diagram of the injection well group, and fig. 3b is the water flooding front monitoring result of the injection well group.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the quantitative characterization method for the residual oil of the ultra-low permeability reservoir injection and production well group comprises the following steps:
S1, taking a water injection well as a center, carrying out injection and production unit division on a well group, and solving physical parameters such as average porosity, permeability, water content, water saturation and the like of each unit, wherein the calculation method of the average porosity, the permeability and the water saturation is to carry out weighted average on actual measurement values of the injection and production well, and the calculation method of the average water content is to be the average value of the water content of the oil production well in three months.
The plateau 39-31 well group is positioned in a certain ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, the well group is a rhombic reverse nine-point well pattern, the average oil layer thickness (effective thickness) of the well group is 14.7m, the average porosity and permeability are 9.72% and 0.46mD respectively, and the initial oil saturation and the residual oil saturation are 56.3% and 27.4% respectively. At present, the production time of the well group is 7.4 years, and the average water content of the well group reaches 62.8 percent. Geology and dynamic monitoring research shows that the well group does not develop cracks and is a pore type reservoir. Physical properties and production data of specific reservoirs of the oil production well and the water injection well are shown in table 1, in addition, the radius of a shaft of all single wells is 0.1m, and other relevant constants can be referred to classical literature in the industry.
Table 1 plateau 38-31 well group single well physical parameters and production data statistics
The production dynamics data to be collected include porosity, permeability, effective thickness, initial and remaining oil saturation, oil/water production from the production well, formation water viscosity, formation compressibility, fracture half-life, well water breakthrough time, production time, well group oil recovery, constants related to initiation pressure gradient, mobility and injection and production pressure differential, and wellbore radius. Depending on whether the reservoir type is a pore type reservoir or a fracture type reservoir, it is collected on demand.
S2, respectively calculating effective distances of a washing area, a two-phase area and a sweep area corresponding to each unit, and sequentially determining control ranges of the different areas;
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the pore type reservoir water washing area is as follows:
wherein r wr is the effective distance of the water washing area, m, S or is the saturation of residual oil,%; The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining a derivative of a water content change curve along with water saturation, wherein phi is average porosity, decimal, h is effective thickness, m is q w, water yield of a production well, m 3/d;td is water breakthrough time of the oil well, d is production time;
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the pore type reservoir is as follows:
Wherein R f is the effective distance between two phases, m, R is the extraction degree of crude oil from well group, and A, B, C is the constant related to the starting pressure gradient, fluidity and injection and production pressure difference.
The calculation formula of the effective distance of the sweep area is as follows:
Wherein r is the effective distance of the sweep region, m, r w is the radius of the shaft, S w water saturation,%; t is the production time, d; The water content is the derivative of a water saturation change curve along with the water saturation, phi is the porosity, decimal, h is the effective thickness, m, q w is the water yield of a production well, and m 3/d.
Taking the rhombic inverted nine-point well pattern shown in the well group as an example, a method for dividing an injection and production unit of the well group (figure 2 a) and a schematic diagram of distribution of a washing zone, a two-phase zone, a sweep zone and a utilization zone in the well group (figure 2 b) are provided.
S3, respectively calculating the residual oil saturation in the control ranges of the corresponding washing area, the two-phase area and the sweep area in each unit;
the remaining oil saturation of the water wash zone is the remaining oil saturation.
The residual oil saturation of the two-phase region is the average oil saturation of the two-phase region, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein: The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining the average oil saturation of a two-phase zone, wherein phi is the porosity, h is the effective thickness, m, q w is the water yield of a production well, m 3/d;rf is the effective distance of the two-phase zone, m wr is the effective distance of a washing zone, m and t is the production time and d.
The residual oil saturation of the sweep region is the average oil saturation of the sweep region, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Wherein S od is the average oil saturation of the sweep region,% S oi is the initial oil saturation,% A wr、Atp 、Aod、Ad respectively represents the areas of the water washing region, the two-phase region, the sweep region and the well group, and S or is the residual oil saturation,%; Is the average oil saturation of the two-phase zone,%.
Based on the known parameters of the well group, the effective distances and the corresponding oil saturation of the water washing area, the two-phase area and the sweep area are respectively calculated by using the characterization method disclosed by the invention, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 plateau 38-31 well group residual oil quantitative characterization parameter calculation results
And simultaneously, comparing the calculation result with a water drive front monitoring result (figure 3 b) of the well group, and finding that the calculation result has high coincidence degree with the actual monitoring, thereby indicating the scientificity and reliability of the characterization method.
And S4, drawing a residual oil saturation distribution diagram of the injection well group to obtain an ultralow oil seepage well group residual oil distribution pattern, wherein the ultralow oil seepage well group residual oil distribution pattern comprises a moderate water flooding uniform effect type, a unidirectional flooding directivity effect type, a multidirectional flooding directivity effect type, a local weak use directivity effect type and a displacement insufficient weak effect type.
The distribution rule of the residual oil among the wells and the distribution characteristics of the unused petroleum reserves among the wells can be intuitively described by utilizing the drawn distribution diagram of the residual oil among the wells, so that the fine adjustment of the well group injection and production technical policy can be conveniently and timely carried out.
Example 2
According to the calculation process described in the embodiment 1, the characterization of the distribution of the residual oil of 53 well groups in the oil reservoir is completed, five typical inter-well residual oil distribution modes existing in the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir are provided, corresponding residual oil occurrence characteristics are summarized, on the basis, the well group residual oil digging directions under different modes are provided, and a decision basis is provided for purposefully developing the effective utilization of the well group residual oil and improving the development effect of the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir (see table 3).
TABLE 3 distribution pattern of extra low permeability reservoir well group residual oil and direction of digging
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.

Claims (4)

1.一种特低渗油藏注采井组剩余油定量表征方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A method for quantitatively characterizing the remaining oil in an injection-production well group of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1、以注水井为中心，对井组进行注采单元划分，求取各单元的平均孔隙度、渗透率、含水率和含水饱和度；S1. Taking the water injection well as the center, divide the well group into injection and production units, and calculate the average porosity, permeability, water content and water saturation of each unit; S2、分别计算各单元对应的水洗区、两相区和波及区的有效距离，并依次确定不同区域的控制范围；S2, respectively calculating the effective distances of the water washing area, two-phase area and swept area corresponding to each unit, and determining the control range of different areas in turn; 所述水洗区有效距离的计算分为孔隙型储层和裂缝型储层两种情况；The calculation of the effective distance of the water washing zone is divided into two cases: porous reservoir and fracture reservoir; 所述的孔隙型储层水洗区有效距离的计算公式为：The calculation formula for the effective distance of the water washing zone of the porous reservoir is: ， , 式中：rwr为水洗区有效距离，m；Sor为残余油饱和度，%；为含水率随含水饱和度变化曲线的导数；φ为平均孔隙度，小数；h为有效厚度，m；qw为采油井的产水量，m3/d；td为油井见水时间，d，t为生产时间；Where: rwr is the effective distance of the water washing zone, m; Sor is the residual oil saturation, %; is the derivative of the curve of water content changing with water saturation; φ is the average porosity, a decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q w is the water production of the oil well, m 3 /d; t d is the time when the oil well breaks through water, d, and t is the production time; 所述的裂缝型储层水洗区有效距离的计算公式为：The calculation formula for the effective distance of the water washing zone of the fractured reservoir is: ， , 式中：Kt为水洗区平均渗透率，mD；μ为地层水黏度，mPa·s；Ct为地层综合压缩系数，MPa-1；φ为平均孔隙度,小数；Where: Kt is the average permeability of the water-washed zone, mD; μ is the formation water viscosity, mPa·s; Ct is the comprehensive compression coefficient of the formation, MPa -1 ; φ is the average porosity, decimal; 所述两相区有效距离的计算同样分为孔隙型储层和裂缝型储层两种情况；The calculation of the effective distance of the two-phase region is also divided into two cases: porous reservoir and fracture reservoir; 所述的孔隙型储层两相区有效距离的计算公式为：The calculation formula of the effective distance of the two-phase region of the porous reservoir is: ， , 式中：rf为两相区有效距离，m；R为井组原油的采出程度，%；A、B、C分别为与启动压力梯度、流度及注采压差相关的常数；Where: rf is the effective distance of the two-phase zone, m; R is the degree of crude oil recovery of the well group, %; A, B, C are constants related to the starting pressure gradient, mobility and injection-production pressure difference respectively; 所述的裂缝型储层，所述的两相区为椭圆形，其短轴和长轴方向的有效距离计算公式分别为：In the fractured reservoir, the two-phase region is elliptical, and the effective distance calculation formulas in the short axis and long axis directions are: ， , ， , 式中：raf和rbf分别为短轴和长轴方向的有效距离，m；L为裂缝半长，m；Where: raf and rbf are the effective distances in the minor and major axis directions, respectively, m; L is the half length of the crack, m; 所述波及区有效距离的计算公式为：The calculation formula of the effective distance of the affected area is: ， , 式中：r为波及区有效距离，m；rw为井筒半径；Sw为含水饱和度，%；t为生产时间，d；为含水率随含水饱和度变化曲线的导数；φ为平均孔隙度，小数；h为有效厚度，m；qw为采油井的产水量，m3/d；Where: r is the effective distance of the affected area, m; rw is the wellbore radius; Sw is the water saturation, %; t is the production time, d; is the derivative of the curve of water content changing with water saturation; φ is the average porosity, a decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; q w is the water production of the oil well, m 3 /d; S3、分别计算各单元内对应的水洗区、两相区和波及区的控制范围内的剩余油饱和度，S3, respectively calculate the residual oil saturation within the control range of the corresponding water wash zone, two-phase zone and swept zone in each unit, 水洗区的剩余油饱和度为残余油饱和度；The remaining oil saturation in the water wash zone is the residual oil saturation; 两相区剩余油饱和度为两相区的平均含油饱和度，计算方法为：The residual oil saturation in the two-phase zone is the average oil saturation in the two-phase zone, and the calculation method is: ， , 式中：为两相区的平均含油饱和度，%；φ为平均孔隙度，小数；h为有效厚度，m；qw为采油井的产水量，m3/d；rf为两相区有效距离，m；rwr为水洗区有效距离，m；t为生产时间，d；Where: is the average oil saturation of the two-phase zone, %; φ is the average porosity, decimal; h is the effective thickness, m; qw is the water production of the oil well, m3 /d; rf is the effective distance of the two-phase zone, m; rwr is the effective distance of the water wash zone, m; t is the production time, d; 波及区的剩余油饱和度为波及区的平均含油饱和度，计算方法为：The residual oil saturation of the affected area is the average oil saturation of the affected area, and the calculation method is: ， , 式中：Sod为波及区的平均含油饱和度，%；Soi为初始含油饱和度，%； Awr、Atp 、Aod、Ad分别表示水洗区、两相区、波及区和井组的面积；Sor为残余油饱和度，%；为两相区的平均含油饱和度，%；Where: Sod is the average oil saturation of the affected area, %; Soi is the initial oil saturation, %; Awr , Atp , Aod , and Ad represent the areas of the water-washed area, two-phase area, affected area, and well group, respectively; Sor is the residual oil saturation, % is the average oil saturation of the two-phase zone, %; S4、绘制注采井组的剩余油饱和度分布图，得到特低渗油藏井组剩余油分布模式。S4. Draw a distribution map of the remaining oil saturation of the injection-production well group to obtain the remaining oil distribution pattern of the well group in the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种特低渗油藏注采井组剩余油定量表征方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1，平均孔隙度、渗透率和含水饱和度的计算方法为对注采井的实测值进行加权平均。2. The method for quantitatively characterizing the remaining oil in an injection-production well group of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S1, the average porosity, permeability and water saturation are calculated by weighted averaging the measured values of the injection-production wells. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种特低渗油藏注采井组剩余油定量表征方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1，含水率计算方法为采油井近三个月含水率的平均值。3. A method for quantitatively characterizing the remaining oil in an injection-production well group of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S1, the water cut calculation method is the average water cut of the oil production wells in the past three months. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种特低渗油藏注采井组剩余油定量表征方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4，特低渗油藏井组剩余油分布模式包括适度水驱均匀受效型、单向水淹方向性受效型、多向水淹方向性受效型、局部弱动用方向性受效型和驱替不充分弱受效型。4. The method for quantitatively characterizing the remaining oil in an injection-production well group of an ultra-low permeability oil reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S4, the remaining oil distribution patterns of the well group of the ultra-low permeability oil reservoir include moderate water flooding uniform effect type, unidirectional water flooding directional effect type, multidirectional water flooding directional effect type, local weak production directional effect type and insufficient displacement weak effect type.
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