CN115817208A - Automobile power system and its power supply control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides an automobile power system and a power supply control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of automobile batteries. The power system includes: a supercapacitor system, a power battery system, and a fuel cell system connected in parallel; the parallel output terminals of the supercapacitor system, the power battery system, and the fuel cell system are connected to the motor through a DC/DC module; the DC/DC module is used for Convert the current/voltage output by the supercapacitor system and/or the power battery system and/or the fuel cell system into the current/voltage required by the motor, so that the motor drives the wheels of the vehicle to move. The power system provided by the present disclosure has long service life, low price, environmental protection, and high reliability at low temperature. Adding a supercapacitor system can reduce the volume of the power system, and the maintenance cost is low, which solves the problem of low service life and high price of the existing automobile power system. The low temperature is not suitable, the structure is complex, the comprehensive volume is large, and the maintenance cost is high for long-term use.

Description

Automobile power system and its power supply control method

technical field

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of automobile batteries, in particular to an automobile power system and a power supply control method thereof.

Background technique

The existing battery vehicle power system mainly includes power battery system and fuel cell system.

Among them, the power battery system has the advantage of high energy density, but it has the following disadvantages: poor stability and safety; poor performance at low temperature; relatively short service life and high replacement cost; high manufacturing cost of power battery.

Fuel cells have the advantages of high efficiency, stable and noiseless operation, and good low-temperature usability. However, the long-term high power output of the fuel cell system will have an impact on the life and safety of the entire system, and the power response of the fuel cell is slow.

It can be seen that the power battery system and the fuel cell system have their own advantages and disadvantages. In order to improve the performance of the power system of the car, in recent years, the power system of the car using the power battery system and the fuel cell system has been favored, for example, the hybrid power system of the power battery system and the hydrogen fuel cell system. However, the hybrid power system of the power battery system and the hydrogen fuel cell system still has at least the following problems:

1. The hydrogen fuel cell system and the power battery system have long-term multi-frequency high-power output, which will greatly reduce the service life and increase the safety risk of use;

2. There are many precious metals in the hydrogen fuel cell system, which is expensive, and the power battery system needs to be recycled, which is easy to cause environmental pollution;

3. The hydrogen fuel cell system has good low-temperature usability, and the low-temperature performance of the power battery system is poor. In a low-temperature environment, the power battery system is basically useless and cannot play the role of hybrid power;

4. The structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the power battery system is complex, the overall volume is large, and the cost of long-term use and maintenance is high;

5. The energy of the power battery involves the energy conversion process, and the recovery efficiency is relatively low;

6. The hydrogen fuel cell system and the power battery system in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle power system are large in size.

Contents of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by this disclosure are: the hybrid power system of the existing power battery system and hydrogen fuel cell system has low service life, high price, troublesome recycling or environmental pollution, poor hybrid power effect in low temperature environment, complex structure, and comprehensive volume Large, high maintenance costs for long-term use, low power recovery capacity and low power recovery efficiency.

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an automobile power system, including: a supercapacitor system, a power battery system, a fuel cell system, a DC/DC module, and a motor;

The supercapacitor system, power battery system and fuel cell system are connected in parallel; the parallel output terminals of the supercapacitor system, power battery system and fuel cell system are connected to the motor after passing through the DC/DC module;

The DC/DC module is used to convert the current/voltage output by the supercapacitor system and/or the power battery system and/or the fuel cell system into the current/voltage required by the motor, so that the motor drives the wheels of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the fuel cell system is a hydrogen fuel cell system.

In some embodiments, the system also includes: a power supply control module, which is connected with the ECU on-board computer of the car, the supercapacitor system, the power battery system, and the fuel cell system;

The power supply control module is used to collect the gas pedal signal of the car through the ECU, and control the supercapacitor system, power battery system, and fuel cell system to discharge simultaneously when the signal that the gas pedal of the current car is stepped on is collected.

In some embodiments, the power supply control module is also used to collect the engine running state and braking state of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is in an idling state with the engine running but fully braked, control the fuel cell system to charge the supercapacitor System and power battery system charging.

In some embodiments, the power supply control module is also used to collect the speed value of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is running at a constant speed, determine whether the current remaining electric energy of the fuel cell system is higher than the required electric energy of the motor, if so , the fuel cell system is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system and the power battery system.

In some embodiments, the power supply control module is also used to collect the brake status and gear position status of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is in the brake deceleration state or neutral gear coasting state, control the fuel cell system to control the supercapacitor system. and power battery system charging;

The electric motor is also used to recover electric energy when the current vehicle is in the state of braking, deceleration or coasting, and uses the recovered electric energy to charge the supercapacitor system and the power battery system through the power supply control module.

An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a power supply control method for an automobile power system, which is used in the automobile power system provided by the present disclosure, and the fuel cell system in the system is a hydrogen fuel cell system; the control method includes:

Collect the gas pedal signal of the car in real time;

When the signal that the accelerator pedal of the current car is stepped on is collected, the supercapacitor system, power battery system, and fuel cell system are controlled to discharge simultaneously.

In some embodiments, the step of collecting the gas pedal signal of the car in real time also includes: collecting the engine running state and braking state of the car in real time;

The control method also includes:

When it is collected that the current car is in an idle state with the engine running but fully braked, the fuel cell system is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system and the power battery system.

In some embodiments, the step of collecting the accelerator pedal signal of the car in real time also includes: collecting the speed value of the car in real time;

The control method also includes:

When it is collected that the current vehicle is running at a constant speed, it is judged whether the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system is higher than the required electric energy of the motor;

If the current remaining electric energy of the fuel cell system is higher than the required electric energy of the motor, the fuel cell system is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system and the power battery system.

In some embodiments, the step of collecting the accelerator pedal signal of the car in real time also includes: collecting the braking state and gear position state of the car in real time;

The control method also includes:

When it is collected that the current car is in the braking deceleration state or neutral sliding state, the fuel cell system is controlled to charge the super capacitor system and the power battery system, and at the same time the electric energy is recovered through the motor, and the recovered electric energy is used to charge the super capacitor system and the power battery system .

Through the above technical solutions, the vehicle power system provided by the present disclosure uses a supercapacitor system and a power battery system together with a fuel cell system as the vehicle power system, and provides a power supply control method for the vehicle power system, forming an efficient hydrogen fuel cell engine system solution The beneficial effect of the scheme is as follows:

1) The supercapacitor system is added to the vehicle power system. The supercapacitor system has high energy density and can cooperate and interact with the hydrogen fuel cell in terms of energy supply. Under slope conditions, it can provide enough electric energy to drive the motor to rotate with high torque instantaneously. This solution can perfectly solve the problem of weak power output of the hydrogen fuel cell system;

2) The supercapacitor in the vehicle power system has a long service life, the cycle life can reach 500,000 times, and the discharge capacity is strong. After adding the supercapacitor, it can solve the problem that the service life of the fuel cell system and the power battery system are reduced due to long-term high-power output, which is safe. issues of heightened risk;

3) The power density of the supercapacitor in the vehicle power system is high, up to 300W/kg-5000W/kg, which is equivalent to 5-10 times that of the battery. Adding a supercapacitor can effectively solve the problem of large space occupation and low energy density of the power system. At the same time, it increases the short-term high-power problem of the vehicle power system;

4) There is no pollution in the raw material composition, production, use, storage and dismantling of the supercapacitor in the automotive power system, and it is an ideal green power supply;

5) The supercapacitor in the vehicle power system has good ultra-low temperature characteristics and a wide temperature range of -40°C to +70°C. Therefore, adding a supercapacitor can improve the working efficiency and reliability of fuel cell vehicles in low temperature environments;

6) The charging and discharging circuit of the supercapacitor system in the vehicle power system is simple, and there is no need for a charging circuit like a rechargeable battery, so the safety factor is high, and maintenance-free is used for a long time, which can greatly reduce the complexity of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle power system, save space, and improve improved space utilization;

7) The supercapacitor in the vehicle power system has large capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, and small process loss, which can increase power recovery capacity and power recovery efficiency;

8) During the operation of the whole vehicle, the fuel cell system and the power battery system in the vehicle power system can charge the supercapacitor system at any time. Under braking, coasting and other working conditions, the electric energy of the motor can be directly recovered to the supercapacitor system and power Battery system to improve recycling efficiency and energy utilization.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative work.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of the vehicle power system in the idling state of the vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of the vehicle power system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure when the vehicle is running at a constant speed;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of the vehicle power system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure when the vehicle is in the braking deceleration state or the neutral sliding state;

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a power supply control method for an automobile power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Super capacitor system; 2. Power battery system; 3. Fuel cell system; 4. DC/DC module; 5. Motor; 6. Power supply control module.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The detailed description and accompanying drawings of the following embodiments are used to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented in many different forms, and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Rather, it includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as illustrative only and not as limiting.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is greater than or equal to two; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by , "outside" and so on are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of this disclosure. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

In addition, "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different parts. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but within the allowable range of error. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but within the allowable range of error. Words like "comprising" or "comprising" mean that the elements preceding the word cover the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of also covering other elements.

It should also be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure according to specific situations. When it is described that a specific device is located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.

All terms used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in, for example, general-purpose dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant technology, and should not be interpreted in idealized or extremely formalized meanings, unless explicitly stated herein Defined like this.

Techniques, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, techniques, methods and devices should be considered part of the description.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automobile power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the system includes: a supercapacitor system 1, a power battery system 2, a fuel cell system 3, a DC/DC module 4 and a motor 5; wherein, the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2 and the fuel cell system 3 are connected in parallel; the parallel output terminals of the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2 and the fuel cell system 3 are connected to the motor 5 after passing through the DC/DC module 4; DC The /DC module 4 is used to convert the current/voltage output by the supercapacitor system 1 and/or the power battery system 2 and/or the fuel cell system 3 into the current/voltage required by the motor 5, so that the motor 5 drives the wheels of the vehicle to move.

The power system provided by the present disclosure connects the supercapacitor system, the power battery system and the fuel cell system in parallel, which can reduce the volume of the power system, reduce system maintenance costs, and improve the working efficiency and reliability of fuel cell vehicles in low temperature environments. It solves the problems of low service life, high price, unsuitable low temperature, complex structure, large comprehensive volume and high maintenance cost for long-term use of the existing automobile power system.

In some embodiments, the fuel cell system 3 is a hydrogen fuel cell system. Compared with the system using power battery alone, it has no pollution to the environment, low operating noise, and better low-temperature performance.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, the vehicle power system provided by the present disclosure also includes: a power supply control module 6, which is connected with the ECU on-board computer of the vehicle and the super capacitor system 1, the power battery system 2, and the fuel cell system 3 ; Wherein, the power supply control module 6 is used to collect the gas pedal signal of the car by the ECU, and when the gas pedal of the current car is stepped on to collect the signal, control the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2, and the fuel cell system 3 simultaneously discharge. In these embodiments, under the working conditions with high demand for instantaneous electric energy, such as starting, accelerating, climbing, etc., the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2, and the fuel cell system 3 are discharged at the same time, wherein the fuel cell system 3 and the power The battery system 2 supplies electric energy to the motor 5 through the DC/DC module 4 according to its own performance, and the supercapacitor system 1 supplies the remaining required electric energy to the motor 5 through the DC/DC module 4, which is used to supply the electric motor 5 with sufficient electric energy, which can meet the requirements of the whole system. The car's demand for power and reserve power. Through the cooperation and interaction of the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2, and the fuel cell system 3 in terms of energy supply, it can provide enough electric energy to drive the motor to rotate with high torque instantaneously under the conditions of starting/accelerating/climbing, solving the problem of single use The problem of weak power output of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the long-term high power output of the car lead to the reduction of the service life of the fuel cell system and the power battery system, and the increase of safety risks.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 3, the power supply control module 6 is also used to collect the engine running state and braking state of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is in the idle state with the engine running but fully braked , to control the fuel cell system 3 to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 . In these embodiments, when the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle equipped with the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 is in the idling state where the engine is running but fully braked, the driver does not step on the switch (accelerator of the fuel vehicle), pulls up the handbrake or Step on the brakes, the whole vehicle does not need to move, and there is no specific requirement for the power output of the power system. The power battery system 2 and the supercapacitor system 1 can be charged through the fuel cell system 3 for energy storage operation, which is used for later high power application when required. These embodiments can make full use of the time period when the automobile is in an idling state and use the fuel cell system 3 to charge the power battery system 2 and the supercapacitor system 1, which can improve the energy storage endurance of the automobile power system. In addition, due to the supercapacitor Large capacity, high energy conversion efficiency, small process loss, can increase power recovery capacity and power recovery efficiency.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 , the power supply control module 6 is also used to collect the speed value of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is running at a constant speed, judge whether the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system 3 is is higher than the required electric energy of the motor 5, if so, the fuel cell system 3 is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2. In these embodiments, when the fuel cell vehicle equipped with the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 does not have a large demand for power at a constant speed, if the electric energy of the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 is insufficient, and When the fuel cell system 3 supplies enough electric energy to the motor 5, there is still excess electric energy. The power battery system 2 and the supercapacitor system 1 can be charged through the fuel cell system 3 for energy storage operation, which can be used for later periods of high power demand. Applications. In these embodiments, when the automobile is in a low power state at a constant speed, the fuel cell system 3 is preferentially used to provide kinetic energy for the automobile, and the power battery system 2 and the supercapacitor system 1 are charged, so as to give full play to the power of the fuel cell system 3 in a low power state. Advantages, improve the environmental protection, power generation efficiency and battery life of the vehicle power system.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , the power supply control module 6 is also used to collect the brake status and gear status of the car through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current car is in a braking deceleration state or a neutral coasting state, Control the fuel cell system 3 to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2; the motor 5 is also used to recover electric energy when the current vehicle is in a braking deceleration state or coasting state, and use the recovered electric energy to charge the supercapacitor through the power supply control module 6 System 1 and power battery system 2 are charged. In these embodiments, when the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle equipped with the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 is braking and coasting in neutral, the driver does not step on the switch (accelerator of the fuel vehicle), but presses on the brake. , the car is in a deceleration state, and the car has no demand for power. If the electric energy of the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 is insufficient, the fuel cell system 3 can be used to charge the power battery system 2 and the supercapacitor system 1 for energy storage operation. It is used for the application of high power demand in the later period; at the same time, the motor 5 can be used to recover electric energy during braking and gliding, and the recovered electric energy can be stored in the supercapacitor system 1 and power battery system 2, which is used in the later period of high power demand. The application can further improve the energy storage endurance of the vehicle power system. In addition, due to the large capacity of the supercapacitor, high energy conversion efficiency and small process loss, the power recovery capacity and power recovery efficiency can be increased.

In Figure 2-Figure 5, the direction indicated by the arrow is the charging or discharging direction of each module, and there is no mutual power supply relationship between the modules not marked with the direction of the arrow.

Corresponding to the automobile power system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a power supply control method of the automobile power system, the method is used in the automobile power system provided by any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the power supply of the automobile power system The fuel cell system 3 is a hydrogen fuel cell system.

Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a power supply control method for an automobile power system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, the method includes the following steps:

S1: Real-time acquisition of the accelerator pedal signal of the car;

In this embodiment, whether there is an accelerator pedal signal of the automobile can be monitored and collected in real time by connecting the ECU of the automobile, or the accelerator pedal signal of the automobile can also be collected by directly connecting the accelerator pedal sensor of the automobile;

S2: When the signal that the accelerator pedal of the current car is stepped on is collected, control the supercapacitor system 1, the power battery system 2, and the fuel cell system 3 to supply power to the motor 5 at the same time.

The method of this embodiment can be used to implement the technical solution of the system embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, step S1 further includes: collecting the engine running state and braking state of the car in real time; specifically, the engine running state and braking state of the car can be collected through an ECU connected to the car. In these embodiments, the method also includes step S3: when collecting the idle state of the current car with the engine running but fully braked (handbrake is pulled up or the brake is trampled to death), control the fuel cell system 3 to the supercapacitor system 1 and The power battery system 2 is charged.

The methods in these embodiments can be used to implement the technical solution of the system embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, step S1 further includes: collecting the speed value of the car in real time; specifically, the speed value of the car may be collected by connecting to the ECU of the car. In these embodiments, the method also includes steps S4-S5:

S4: When it is collected that the current vehicle is running at a constant speed, judge whether the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system 3 is higher than the required electric energy of the motor 5, and if so, execute S5;

S5: Control the fuel cell system 3 to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2 .

The methods in these embodiments can be used to implement the technical solution of the system embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, step S1 also includes: collecting the brake status and gear position status of the car in real time; The brakes of the car get the braking status of the car, and the gears of the car are connected to get the gears of the car. In these embodiments, the method also includes step S6: when it is collected that the current vehicle is in the state of braking and decelerating or gliding in neutral, control the fuel cell system 3 to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2, and at the same time recycle through the motor 5 Electric energy, and use the recovered electric energy to charge the supercapacitor system 1 and the power battery system 2.

The methods in these embodiments can be used to implement the technical solution of the system embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be repeated here.

The disclosure proposes a technical route of combining a supercapacitor system and a power battery system with a fuel cell system to form an efficient fuel cell engine system solution. Structurally, the present invention connects a supercapacitor system in parallel on the basis of the configuration of the existing fuel cell power system. The added supercapacitor system can provide high-power electric energy for the motor without affecting the life, safety, and reliability of the overall power system. Reliability, recyclability. In terms of the interconnection of various components, the supercapacitor has various advantages such as high capacity, strong discharge capacity, high discharge efficiency, and long cycle life. Charging, under braking, coasting and other working conditions, the electric energy of the motor can be directly recovered to the super capacitor system and power battery system, improving the recovery efficiency and energy utilization rate.

So far, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. Certain details known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concept of the present disclosure. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein.

Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail through examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustration only, rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments can be modified or some technical features can be equivalently replaced without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner.

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle power system, characterized in that it comprises: a supercapacitor system (1), a power battery system (2), a fuel cell system (3), a DC/DC module (4) and a motor (5); The supercapacitor system (1), the power battery system (2) and the fuel cell system (3) are connected in parallel; the parallel output terminals of the supercapacitor system (1), the power battery system (2) and the fuel cell system (3) connecting the motor (5) after passing through the DC/DC module (4); The DC/DC module (4) is used to convert the current/voltage output by the supercapacitor system (1) and/or the power battery system (2) and/or the fuel cell system (3) into the motor (5 ) required current/voltage, so that the motor (5) drives the vehicle wheel to move. 2. The vehicle power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel cell system (3) is a hydrogen fuel cell system. 3. The automobile power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the system also includes: a power supply control module (6), which is connected to the ECU on-board computer of the automobile and the supercapacitor system (1), power battery system (2), fuel cell system (3) connection; The power supply control module (6) is used to collect the gas pedal signal of the car through the ECU, and when the signal that the gas pedal of the current car is stepped on is collected, control the supercapacitor system (1), power battery system (2) The fuel cell system (3) discharges at the same time. 4. The automobile power system according to claim 3, characterized in that, the power supply control module (6) is also used to collect the engine running state and the braking state of the automobile through the ECU, and when it is collected that the current automobile is in the When the engine is running but in the idling state of full braking, the fuel cell system (3) is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system (1) and the power battery system (2). 5. The vehicle power system according to claim 3, characterized in that, the power supply control module (6) is also used to collect the speed value of the car by the ECU, and when the current car is in a state of constant speed when it is collected, Judging whether the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system (3) is higher than the required electric energy of the motor (5); if so, then controlling the fuel cell system (3) (2) Charging. 6. The vehicle power system according to claim 5, characterized in that, the power supply control module (6) is also used to collect the braking state and gear position state of the automobile through the ECU, and when the current automobile is collected When the braking deceleration state or the neutral gear coasting state, the fuel cell system (3) is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system (1) and the power battery system (2); The motor (5) is also used to recycle electric energy when the current car is in a braking deceleration state or coasting state, and uses the reclaimed electric energy to the supercapacitor system (1) and power battery through the power supply control module (6) System (2) is charged. 7. A power supply control method for an automobile power system, characterized in that it is used for the automobile power system according to claim 1 and the fuel cell system (3) is a hydrogen fuel cell system; The methods include: Collect the gas pedal signal of the car in real time; When the signal that the accelerator pedal of the current automobile is stepped on is collected, the super capacitor system (1), the power battery system (2) and the fuel cell system (3) are controlled to discharge simultaneously. 8. The power supply control method of the automobile power system according to claim 7, wherein the real-time acquisition of the accelerator pedal signal of the automobile also includes: real-time acquisition of the engine running state and braking state of the automobile; The method also includes: When it is collected that the current vehicle is in an idle state with the engine running but fully braked, the fuel cell system (3) is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system (1) and the power battery system (2). 9. The power supply control method of the automobile power system according to claim 7, wherein the real-time acquisition of the accelerator pedal signal of the automobile further comprises: the speed value of the real-time acquisition of the automobile; The method also includes: When it is collected that the current automobile is running at a constant speed, it is judged whether the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system (3) is higher than the required electric energy of the motor (5); If the remaining electric energy of the current fuel cell system (3) is higher than the required electric energy of the motor (5), then control the fuel cell system (3) to the supercapacitor system (1) and power battery system (2) Charge. 10. The power supply control method of the automobile power system according to claim 9, wherein the real-time acquisition of the accelerator pedal signal of the automobile further comprises: real-time acquisition of the braking state and the gear state of the automobile; The method also includes: When it is collected that the current automobile is in the braking deceleration state or the neutral gear gliding state, the fuel cell system (3) is controlled to charge the supercapacitor system (1) and the power battery system (2), and at the same time, the electric motor (5 ) recovering electric energy, and using the recovered electric energy to charge the supercapacitor system (1) and the power battery system (2).

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