CN115794979B - A GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D - Google Patents
A GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于地理信息系统技术领域，提出一种基于Unity3D的GIS数字孪生系统。基于Unity3D的GIS数字孪生系统包括资源下载模块、视角控制模块、视角过渡模块、模型交互模块、监控管理模块和账户管理模块。使用虚拟的3D数据映射现实生活，保证数字与物理世界协调一致，能够对建筑和监控实时监测、管理和数据分析。本发明成本低，可控度高，可跨平台开发，数据无需经过第三方平台，隐私更加安全。使用射线点击进行模型交互，使用全局变量解决高亮冲突；运用广告牌技术显示监控按钮，不受场景放大缩小的影响；使用插值算法实现主摄像机视角的平滑过渡。为GIS系统开发人员提供了可靠的解决方案，降低开发门槛并注重具体需求。The present invention belongs to the technical field of geographic information systems, and proposes a GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D. The GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D includes a resource download module, a perspective control module, a perspective transition module, a model interaction module, a monitoring management module, and an account management module. Use virtual 3D data to map real life to ensure the coordination between the digital and physical worlds, and be able to monitor, manage, and analyze data for buildings and monitoring in real time. The present invention has low cost, high controllability, and can be developed across platforms. Data does not need to pass through a third-party platform, and privacy is more secure. Use ray clicks for model interaction, and use global variables to resolve highlight conflicts; use billboard technology to display monitoring buttons, which are not affected by scene zooming in and out; use interpolation algorithms to achieve smooth transitions of the main camera's perspective. Provides a reliable solution for GIS system developers, lowers the development threshold, and focuses on specific needs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geographic information systems, in particular to a Unity 3D-based GIS digital twin system.
Background
At present, 3D data is gaining more and more attention and is widely applied because 3D data has visual, comprehensive and other advantages compared with 2D data. It is therefore necessary to build a GIS digital twin system using 3D data. The development of GIS digital twin systems using what tools and how to develop are currently the challenges.
The geographic information system (Information System is called GIS for short) can display the data of the space geographic coordinates, process the space position, study various effective management methods for various data, and can quickly obtain certain necessary information about the application through comprehensive analysis and display the processed result in a map, graph or data mode.
The digital twin system (DIGITAL TWIN SYSTEM) refers to a process and a function of fully utilizing the measurement, model parameter update and three-dimensional history data of the existing physical model in the virtual space of the computer to complete the mapping of the physical and the objects in the virtual space, thereby reflecting the full life cycle of the entity model in the corresponding real life. In recent years, due to the continuous development of computer vision technology and the continuous refinement of 3D modeling models, a GIS digital twin system is further applied to play a space, and plays an important role in multiple fields of urban planning, enterprise digitization, traffic control, navigation, online travel and the like.
For these application scenarios, some companies develop corresponding software or website systems for developers to use, but the digital twin system developed in this way needs to be developed by means of a third party platform, and various data in the development system also passes through the third party platform, so that there is a great privacy safety hazard. Meanwhile, the traditional GIS system development mode and development platform are often complicated and cumbersome, the development of a large GIS system is usually based on a small amount of visual tests and comprises stacking and nesting of a large amount of logic codes, the GIS system is usually required to be designed and developed by cooperation of multiple persons, and meanwhile, the problem of difficulty is how to integrate codes of a large amount of different developers into a set of complete and smooth running system. This makes the development difficulty of the developer and the difficulty of solving the problem go straight up.
And the application systems are generally developed independently for a specific application scene, and lack the expandability and platform compatibility of a complete GIS digital twin system. Conventional GIS often integrate source code together and use linked libraries or components in concert, but it is often the case that each time a program is integrated and code maintained, the source code needs to be recompiled and linked, and then new software is reissued, which is cumbersome and aggravates the workload of system maintenance. Therefore, we choose to use the Unity3D open source engine to develop the GIS digital twin system, so as to avoid or slow down the generation of the problems.
The Unity3D engine is a development platform capable of performing 3D games and project creation in real time, provides a complete set of software solution, and supports platforms including mobile phones, tablet computers, PCs, game hosts, augmented reality and virtual reality devices. The platform is provided with a mature visual interface, a physical engine system and a built-in integrated library, and a developer can complete the construction of a scene and the realization of specific logic and functions by a small number of scripts and by means of dragging or adding a state machine. The developer can write or modify the related plug-in and other advanced operations to realize the specific functions required, the parameters of the project can be conveniently and quickly modified and debugged in real time when the project is operated, the loading fineness of the model can be quickly modified, and the database and the back end can be connected. The Unity3D has a complete, mature and quick development mode, supports the compatibility of a full platform, and can run on platforms such as an Android end, a Mac end and a Web end only by modifying a few codes when a project running on a PC end is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D, which uses virtual 3D data to map real life, ensures that the number is coordinated with the physical world, can carry out real-time monitoring, data analysis and various simulations based on a digital model, and solves the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme includes that the GIS digital twin system based on Unity3D comprises a resource downloading module, a view angle control module, a view angle transition module, a model interaction module, a monitoring management module and an account management module, wherein the resource downloading module downloads resources from a server and decompresses the resources, the view angle control module is used for zooming in and out the view angle when the view angle is monitored in a full screen mode, the view angle transition module is used for zooming out the view angle when the view angle is monitored in a full screen mode, zooming in and out the view angle when the view angle is monitored in a full screen mode, the model interaction module is used for clicking building display information and highlighting, clicking the floor to highlight, entering the floor to click the room display information and highlighting, the monitoring management module is used for controlling and displaying or hiding the monitoring button in a button mode, clicking the monitoring display information and realizing account management, and the account management module is used for interfacing a user database.
The resource downloading module specifically comprises:
Step 1.1, storing a compressed resource file in a server, wherein the resource file comprises resources such as a 3D model, a video and the like;
Step 1.2, in the operation initialization stage of the digital twin system, judging whether the downloading of the resource file is completed or not, and checking the version number of the resource file; when the resources are not downloaded or the version numbers are inconsistent, the information of the resource files to be downloaded is sent to the server, the latest version of the resource files are downloaded from the server, and the latest version of the resource files are decompressed to the appointed catalogue after the downloading is completed;
and 1.3, downloading the resource file for use with hot update, wherein when the program changes UI display or modifies program logic, a developer does not repackage the program, and a user does not download the client again.
The visual angle control module specifically comprises:
Step 2.1, a user-defined creation view angle control script Click2Rotate.cs defines a rotating object target, a moving speed moveSpeed, a rotating speed rotateSpeed and a zooming speed zoomSpeed;
Step 2.2, a camera movement function cameraRotate () is customized in an Update () function of a view angle control script click2 rotation.cs, movement information of an X axis and a Y axis of a mouse is obtained through input.GetAxis () of a Unity editor, so that the position of a main camera is changed, and the calculation formula is as follows:
mainCamera.transform.Translate(Vector3.left*(mouse_x*moveSpeed)*
Time.deltaTime);
mainCamera.transform.Translate(Vector3.up*(mouse_y*moveSpeed)*
Time.deltaTime);
wherein MAINCAMERA is the main camera, transform () is a function of the Unity editor, vector3 represents a three-dimensional Vector, left is a left Vector of the main camera, up is an up Vector of the main camera, mouse_x is movement information of the mouse X axis, mouse_y is movement information of the mouse Y axis, moveSpeed is movement speed, and time.
When the right button of the mouse is pressed and moved, the position of the main camera is moved according to the moving speed, and the function of moving the visual angle is completed;
Step 2.3, the rotation view function cameraZoom () is customized in the Update () function of the view control script, and its calculation formula is as follows:
mainCamera.transform.RotateAround(transform.position,Vector3.up,mouse_x*rotateSpeed);
mainCamera.transform.RotateAround(transform.position,Vector3.right,mouse_y*rotateSpeed);
Wherein transform. Rotation around () is the surrounding rotation function of the Unity editor, transform. Position is the main camera position coordinates, right is the right vector of the main camera, rotateSpeed is the rotation speed;
when the left button of the mouse is pressed and moved, the visual angle of the camera is rotated according to the rotation speed;
step 2.4, customizing a view scaling function in an Update () function of the view control script, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
When input.GetAxis ("Mouse ScrollWheel") >0, the formula is
mainCamera.transform.Translate(Vector3.forward*zoomSpeed);
When input. Getaxis ("Mouse ScrollWheel") <0, the formula is
mainCamera.transform.Translate(Vector3.forward*-zoomSpeed);
The input GetAxis ("Mouse ScrollWheel") is a Unity editor, the rolling information function of the mouse wheel is obtained, forward is the forward vector of the main camera, and zoomSpeed is the zoom speed;
when the mouse wheel rolls, the main camera is moved forward or backward towards the camera according to the zoom speed, so as to finish zooming the visual angle;
And 2.5, adding a view control script to the main camera in the Unity editor, setting values of a moving speed, a rotating speed and a zooming speed, and giving the main camera to the rotating object.
The visual angle transition module specifically comprises:
Step 3.1, creating a zoom-in view script CamaraFollow.cs by user definition, and defining a target object, a target object moving speed, a target object rotating speed, a minimum angle and a minimum distance;
Step 3.2, acquiring the real-time position and the main camera position of the target object in LateUpdate () function of the zoom-in view script camera focus, calculating the direction vector from the main camera to the target object through the real-time position and the main camera real-time position of the target object, calculating the angle between the main camera direction and the direction vector from the main camera to the target object, and calculating the distance between the real-time position and the main camera real-time position of the target object;
Step 3.3, when the main camera orientation and the angle between the main camera and the direction vector of the target object > minimum angle, rotating the main camera view angle by Lerp () interpolation function, the main camera view angle is denoted camRoatae, the calculation formula is as follows:
camRotate=Quaternion.Lerp(transform.rotation,dir,rotateSpeed*Time.deltaTime)
Wherein, quaternion. Lerp () is an interpolation function, transform. Rotation is a real-time view angle of the main camera, dir is a direction vector from the main camera to the target object, rotateSpeed is a target object rotation speed, and Time. DeltaTime is an increment time provided by the Unity editor;
When the distance between the real-time position of the target object and the real-time position of the main camera > minimum distance, the main camera position is moved to be close to the target object by Lerp () interpolation function, the main camera position is denoted as camPos, and the calculation formula is as follows:
camPos=Vector3.Lerp(camPos,tarPos,moveSpeed*Time.deltaTime)
wherein vector3.Lerp () is an interpolation function, transform. Position is a main camera real-time position, camPos is a main camera position, tarPos is a target object real-time position, and moveSpeed is a target object moving speed;
When the condition that the angle between the main camera orientation and the direction vector from the main camera to the target object is not satisfied is the minimum angle and the distance between the real-time position of the target object and the real-time position of the main camera is the minimum distance, closing or removing the self-defined visual angle zoom-in script to complete the visual angle zoom-in function;
Step 3.4, self-defining and creating a remote visual angle script CameraFar.cs, defining remote speed and maximum distance, obtaining a primary camera initial position in a Start () function, obtaining a primary camera real-time position in an Update () function, calculating the distance between the primary camera and the initial position through the primary camera initial position and the primary camera real-time position, moving the primary camera at the remote speed towards the opposite direction of the visual angle of the camera when the distance between the primary camera and the initial position is the maximum distance, closing or removing the self-defined remote visual angle script when the distance between the primary camera and the initial position is the maximum distance, and completing the visual angle remote function;
Step 3.5, a custom creation script control script controls the above zoom-in view script and the zoom-out view script, defines a private zoom-in view class object, and adds the zoom-in view script to the camera object in the Start () function, wherein the formula is as follows:
camFow=mainCamera.AddComponent<CameraFollow>(),
wherein camFow is a zoom-in view class object, MAINCAMERA is a camera object, addComponent is an add script function of a Unity editor, cameraFollow is a zoom-in view script;
and finally, assigning a value to the target object moving speed, the target object rotating speed, the minimum angle and the minimum distance in camFow.
The model interaction module specifically comprises:
Step 4.1, a ray click script ClkHiliCtrl.cs is custom created, a collision body detection function is completed, and whether a mouse ray collides with a model or not is judged to generate an interaction function;
a mouse ray is created, denoted as ray, whose formula is as follows:
ray=Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition)
wherein camera main is the main camera, input. Mouseposition is the coordinate of mouse click, screenPointToRay () is the function provided by Unity editor;
and then performing collision detection, wherein whether collision occurs or not is expressed as isHit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
isHit=Physics.Raycast(ray,out hit,maxDistance,clickableLayer)
wherein hit contains object information detected by collision, maxDistance is the maximum length of rays, clickableLayer is a clickable object layer, and Physics.
When isHit is true, an object detected by collision is acquired, denoted obj, and the calculation formula is as follows:
obj=hit.collider.gameObject
wherein collider is the impactor attribute of the Unity editor, gameObject is the object attribute of the Unity editor;
When the mouse clicks, acquiring mouse click information, creating corresponding rays, and acquiring a collision object when the rays detect a collision body;
Step 4.2, obtaining the label of the collision object, obtaining the information of the collision object from the database according to the label, wherein the information comprises the object name, the object position and the object function, and updating the object information into a text content area for display;
And 4.3, loading HighlighterPlus a highlight plug-in, loading a collision body of a corresponding tag with a highlight attribute, setting the highlight attribute to be normally bright, activating the highlight attribute to complete the highlight display, using a global variable to solve the highlight conflict, detecting whether rays pressed by a mouse collide with a 3D model, canceling the highlight of the object in the global variable when the 3D model is collided and the object in the global variable is in the highlight state, and highlighting the collided building.
The maximum length of the ray in the step 4.1 is 1000.
The monitoring management module specifically comprises:
Step 5.1, a button control script is custom created, when the display or hiding monitoring is clicked, all monitoring camera icons are obtained, and all monitoring icons are displayed or hidden;
And 5.2, displaying a monitoring button by using a billboard technology, enabling the monitoring button to always face to a main camera visual angle, enabling the display size not to be influenced by scene enlargement or reduction, custom creating a billboard loader file, defining an upward vector of the button to be consistent with the upward vector of a camera, defining a forward vector as a normal vector pointing to the front surface of a camera plane, defining a rightward vector as a cross product of the upward vector and the forward vector, transforming all vertex coordinates of the button through the upward vector, the forward vector and the rightward vector to obtain the vertex coordinates of a final display button, and representing the vertex coordinates as localPos, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
localPos=center+centerOffs*[rightDir,upDir,normalDir]
Wherein centerOffs is the coordinates of all the vertexes of the button, which are three-dimensional column vectors, the coordinates of x, y and z axes respectively, center is the origin of coordinates, rightDir is the right vector, upDir is the upward vector, normalDir is the forward vector, and the matrix is multiplied;
And then carrying out zoom control on the buttons, creating a billboard script by self definition, wherein the zoom factor is expressed as k, and the calculation formula is as follows:
k=(depth-nearPlaneDis)/(farPlaneDis-nearPlaneDis)
Wherein k is a zoom factor, depth is the distance from the button to the main camera, NEARPLANEDIS is the distance from the main camera near plane to the main camera, FARPLANEDIS is the distance from the main camera far plane to the main camera;
finally, scaling the vertex coordinates of the final display button according to the scaling factor to obtain the final billboard display effect;
Step 5.3, when the user checks the monitoring picture in a full screen mode, calling a self-defined visual angle zooming script to enable the main camera to rotate to an angle towards the target object stably, and then smoothly zooming in the distance between the main camera and the target object to finish the visual angle transition function;
And 5.4, when a closing button at the upper right corner of the full-screen monitoring picture is clicked, the transparency channel value of the video is gradually changed to 1, the display of the full-screen monitoring picture is finally canceled, and then a user-defined visual angle zooming script is called, so that the main camera is gradually zoomed out to the original position.
The set value in the step 5.3 is 100.
The account management module specifically comprises:
step 6.1, a server installs MySQL operation environment, and references MySql.Data.dll dynamic link library files in a Unity editor to operate a database;
step 6.2, referring to MySql.data.MySqlClient package for connecting database and operating database data, creating database access class MYSQLACCESS comprising 5 character string variables for storing database information, namely IP address, port number, user name, password and database name, and defining MYSQLACCESS functions comprising database function opening, table function creation, data insertion function, query function, update function, deletion function and connection function closing;
Step 6.3, operating the database, referring to MYSQLACCESS class in step 6.2, declaring the class object for connecting and operating the database, calling the database function connection database in step 6.2, calling the user-defined creation table function to create a user information table, wherein the user information table comprises user names, user passwords and user roles, different user roles correspond to different authorities, calling the user-defined insertion data function to insert data into the user information table, and calling the user-defined connection closing function to close the database connection.
The interpolation function is used for realizing smooth transition of the view angle of the main camera, when a user interacts with the system, the user enters a certain floor or monitors the full screen display to automatically trigger the zoom-in transition of the view angle, the view angle smoothly turns to a target object and zooms in, and the user exits the floor or cancels the monitoring of the full screen display to automatically trigger the zoom-out transition of the view angle.
The GIS digital twin system based on the Unity3D has the beneficial effects that the GIS digital twin system based on the Unity3D is provided. The Unity3D editor is an open source engine, is low in cost, powerful in platform function, excellent in visual effect, capable of being used for receiving a database, convenient to develop across platforms (PC, web, android), high in universality, capable of supporting various third-party plug-ins, high in self-definition degree, capable of completing more specific functions on the basis, high in controllability, safer in privacy, capable of achieving model interaction without a third-party platform by using ray clicking, capable of achieving highlight conflict by using global variables, capable of displaying monitoring buttons by using a billboard technology, free of influence of scene magnification and reduction, and capable of achieving smooth transition of a main camera view angle by using an interpolation algorithm. The method provides a reliable solution for subsequent GIS system developers, so that the GIS developers can pay more attention to specific requirements, and the development threshold of the digital twin system is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a Unity 3D-based GIS digital twin system, which utilizes custom scripts and plug-ins to complete specific functions in the digital twin system, uses virtual 3D data to map real life, ensures coordination and consistency of numbers and physical worlds, and can perform real-time monitoring, data analysis and various simulations based on a digital model. By using the system, the complexity and the complexity of the traditional GIS development platform can be avoided, and the development threshold is reduced. The used development platform is Unity3D, has low cost, can be developed across the platform, supports a third party plug-in, has high custom degree, and can complete more specific functions on the basis. Most importantly, the controllability is high, data does not need to pass through a third party platform, and privacy is safer.
Example 1 viewing angle control and viewing angle transition.
The viewing angle control of the 3D scene can be performed by using the mouse in the GIS digital twin system based on the Unity3D, when the right key of the mouse is pressed and moved on the interface of the 3D scene, the viewing angle can be moved, when the left key of the mouse is pressed and moved, the viewing angle can be rotated, and when the mouse wheel is rolled, the viewing angle can be scaled.
When a user interacts with the system, certain operations automatically trigger the view transition function. When a floor is accessed or the full-screen display is canceled, the visual angle zoom-in transition is automatically triggered, the visual angle smoothly turns to the target object and zooms in, and when the floor is accessed or the full-screen display is canceled, the visual angle zoom-out transition is automatically triggered.
Example 2 model interaction.
Clicking on a building in a 3D scene will display building information and highlight the corresponding building in the sidebar, clicking on the floor of the sidebar will display floor information and highlight the corresponding floor, clicking on the "enter" button at the sidebar floor will enter the floor, and can interact with rooms and furniture in the floor.
Example 3 monitoring management.
The monitoring display or hiding can be controlled by the button in the system, when the monitoring display is performed, the monitoring button is displayed by using the billboard technology, the button always faces the main visual angle, the absolute size is not influenced by the enlargement or the reduction of the scene, namely, the absolute sizes of the monitoring buttons are the same in scenes with different scaling ratios. Clicking the monitor will display detailed information and display the monitor thumbnail video, clicking the full screen button below the thumbnail video will cause the monitor video to be displayed full screen.
Example 4 Account management.
The system can manage accounts through connecting the database, and can perform operations of adding, deleting, modifying and searching of users through the interactive interface. The database is stored in the private server, and data privacy is safer without going through a third party platform.
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