CN115703876A - High-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material and its preparation method and application. A high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material, which is composed of component A and component B, and the weight ratio of component A to component B is 100:180-220, wherein component A is measured in weight parts Including: 15-30 parts of polyether polyol I, 50-70 parts of polyether polyol II, 2-10 parts of cell opener, 5-10 parts of polypolyol, 0.8-2 parts of reactive catalyst, 1-2 parts of surfactant 2 to 3 parts of water, 0.3 to 1 part of glass fiber powder; component B is polymerized MDI; the polypolyol is formed by dehydration and condensation of hydroxyl groups between at least two small molecule polyol molecules, and the degree of polymerization is 2 to 10. The technical solution with a hydroxyl value of 800-2000 mgKOH/g better solves the above problems, and can be used in the industrial application of automobile coat rack panels.

Description

High-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of polyurethane, and in particular relates to a high-load and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background technique

The car coat rack board is used to cover and isolate the trunk compartment, and at the same time, it has the function of placing items and luggage, and has the functions of sound insulation and noise reduction. In order to meet these functional requirements, the car coat rack board needs to have a high load-carrying capacity and good sound absorption. At present, in the field of automotive interior materials, car coat rack panels are mostly made of PP blow molding, corrugated honeycomb paper spray molding and other materials and production processes for composite production; but there are many shortcomings in the car coat rack panels made by the above processes Points, such as large total mass, limited bearing capacity, easy deformation at high temperature, poor sound absorption and noise reduction effect, etc. As the market and consumers have higher and higher requirements for automotive product materials, the existing composite materials and processes can no longer meet the requirements of the OEMs for the above-mentioned automotive coat rack panels in terms of light weight, high load-bearing capacity, and good high-temperature forming. Therefore, the car coat rack made of PU composite board has gradually entered the public's field of vision because of its light weight, high temperature resistance, high air permeability and sound absorption.

The process of using PU composite boards to prepare automobile coat rack boards, in order to meet the needs of lightweight automobiles and reflect cost advantages, usually, the density of PU polyurethane foam is controlled between 50-60kg/m ³ , but this will As a result, the skeleton of the composite sheet is soft and the load-bearing capacity is insufficient, which cannot meet the internal control performance index requirements of the polyurethane foam for the automobile coat rack board, that is, the general load-bearing performance requirements: tensile strength ≥ 150Kpa, compressive strength ≥ 200Kpa; high load-bearing performance requirements: tension Tensile strength ≥ 400Kpa, compressive strength ≥ 250Kpa, bending strength ≥ 150Kpa; and when softened at a temperature of 220-230°C, it is prone to obvious curling deformation, which affects normal process production.

Chinese patent CN109666123A discloses a polyurethane composition for glass fiber reinforced honeycomb sandwich panels and its use method, which consists of two components, component A: 40% to 70% polyether polyol 1, 5 to 10% poly Ether polyol 2, 5%-10% polyether polyol 3, 0-10% polyester polyol 1, 4%-10% crosslinking agent, 5%-15% chain extender, 0.2%-2% foam Stabilizer, 0.2%~1.5% catalyst, 5~10% flame retardant, 0.2%~1% water, 0.2~2% internal release agent, 0.2~1% other additives; B component is polymethylene poly Phenyl polyisocyanate; the prepared glass fiber reinforced honeycomb sandwich panel has high impact strength, high temperature resistance, good dimensional stability and good flame retardancy, and its dimensional change rate at 80°C <1%, but there is no mention of whether the composite material is deformed at higher temperatures, such as 100°C or 230°C.

Contents of the invention

One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is the problems of low load-bearing strength and poor dimensional stability at high temperature when the polyurethane foam products used for automobile coat rack panels in the prior art meet the requirements of light weight. High-temperature polyurethane sheet foam material, which has the advantages of light weight, high load-bearing strength, and high-temperature dimensional stability.

The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing high-load and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material corresponding to one of the technical problems to be solved.

The third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an application of high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material corresponding to one of the technical problems to be solved.

In order to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material is composed of component A and component B, and the weight and number ratio of component A to component B is 100:180-220, wherein, component A includes: 15-30 parts of polyether polyol I, 50-70 parts of polyether polyol II, 2-10 parts of cell opening agent, 5-30 parts of polyether polyol by weight. 10 parts, 0.8-2 parts of reactive catalyst, 1-2 parts of surfactant, 2-3 parts of water, 0.3-1 part of glass fiber powder; component B is polymeric MDI; wherein, the polyether polyol I It is a polyether polyol that is copolymerized with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and capped with ethylene oxide, with at least one of glycerol, trimethylolpropane or sorbitol as the initiator, and its average molecular weight 4000-12000, the primary hydroxyl content is 70-90%; the polyether polyol II starts with at least one of diethylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, sucrose or sorbitol agent, polyether polyol formed by block polymerization of propylene oxide, its average molecular weight is 300-1000, and the hydroxyl value is 200-800mgKOH/g; A polyether-type cell-opening agent copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide; the polypolyol is a polypolyol in which the intermolecular hydroxyl groups of at least two small-molecule polyols are dehydrated and condensed to generate ether bonds, and The degree of polymerization is 2-10, and the hydroxyl value is 800-2000 mgKOH/g; the reaction catalyst is a tertiary amine catalyst containing hydroxyl; the surfactant is polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the small molecular polyol is glycerin.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyether polyol I is selected from at least one of CHE-2801, CHE-330N, CHE-360N, CHE-822P or CHE-628; the polyether polyol I II is selected from at least one of CHE-303, CHE-306, N-405 or ZS-4110; the polyether type cell opener is selected from at least one of CHK-350D, CP1421 or AK-9901; The surfactant is selected from at least one of B8444, B8547, B8534, B8460, B8409, AK-7703, L-580 or L-5345; the polymeric MDI is selected from S5005, M20S, PM-100 or At least one of PM-200.

In the above technical scheme, preferably, the tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of a foaming tertiary amine catalyst, a balanced tertiary amine catalyst or a delayed tertiary amine catalyst; the glass fiber powder is cut from short fibers It is crushed and ground, its nominal diameter is 150-300 μm, and the mass percentage of alkali metal oxide is ≤1%.

In the above technical scheme, preferably, the foaming tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of ZF-10, DabcoT or LE-15; the balanced tertiary amine catalyst is selected from DMEA, DPA or PC17 At least one of; the delayed tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of DABCO 8154 or MP-608; the glass fiber powder is an alkali-free ground glass fiber powder, and its alkali metal oxide mass percentage The content is ≤0.8%, and the nominal diameter is 170-280 μm.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the glass fiber powder is selected from at least one of MG-170, MG-200, MG-230, MG-250 or MG-280.

In order to solve the second technical problem above, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a method for preparing a high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare raw materials in parts by weight of the following components:

The weight ratio of component A to component B is 100:180~220, and component A includes by weight: 15~30 parts of polyether polyol I, 50~70 parts of polyether polyol II, cell opener 2-10 parts, 5-10 parts of polypolyol, 0.8-2 parts of reactive catalyst, 1-2 parts of surfactant, 2-3 parts of water, 0.3-1 part of glass fiber powder; component B is polymeric MDI; Wherein, the polyether polyol I is at least one of glycerol, trimethylolpropane or sorbitol as a starter, copolymerized with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, sealed with ethylene oxide terminal polyether polyol, its average molecular weight is 4000-12000, and the primary hydroxyl content is 70-90%; the polyether polyol II is based on diethylene glycol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, sucrose or sorbitol At least one of the alcohols is an initiator, a polyether polyol formed by block polymerization of propylene oxide, with an average molecular weight of 300-1000 and a hydroxyl value of 200-800 mgKOH/g; the cell opener is selected from A polyether type cell opener copolymerized from propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with a hydroxyl value of 25-35 mgKOH/g; the polypolyol is dehydrated and condensed by the intermolecular hydroxyl groups of at least two small molecule polyols Polypolyols that generate ether bonds, the degree of polymerization is 2-10, and the hydroxyl value is 800-2000 mgKOH/g; the reaction catalyst is a tertiary amine catalyst containing hydroxyl groups; the surfactant is polysiloxane Alkane-oxyalkylene block copolymer; (2) Preparation of Component A:

According to the components and parts by weight in step (1), add polyether polyol I, polyether polyol II, cell opening agent, polypolyol, reaction catalyst, surfactant, water in container A successively, Glass fiber powder, stirred evenly at a temperature of 20-25°C, to obtain the mixed material I; (3) Preparation of component B:

According to the components and parts by weight in step (1), add polymerized MDI into container B, and stir evenly at a temperature of 20-25°C;

(4) Mix component A and component B according to the ratio of parts by weight of 100:180-220, quickly mix and stir evenly, then quickly inject into the tooling mold prepared in advance, after free rise, mature for 2-3 days, A high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material is obtained.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the small molecular polyol is glycerin.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the polyether polyol I is selected from at least one of CHE-2801, CHE-330N, CHE-360N, CHE-822P or CHE-628; the polyether polyol I II is selected from at least one of CHE-303, CHE-306, N-405 or ZS-4110; the polyether type cell opener is selected from at least one of CHK-350D, CP1421 or AK-9901; The surfactant is selected from at least one of B8444, B8547, B8534, B8460, B8409, AK-7703, L-580 or L-5345; the polymeric MDI is selected from S5005, M20S, PM-100 or At least one of PM-200.

In the above technical scheme, preferably, the tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of a foaming tertiary amine catalyst, a balanced tertiary amine catalyst or a delayed tertiary amine catalyst; the glass fiber powder is cut from short fibers It is crushed and ground, its nominal diameter is 150-300 μm, and the mass percentage of alkali metal oxide is ≤1%.

In the above technical scheme, preferably, the foaming tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of ZF-10, DabcoT or LE-15; the balanced tertiary amine catalyst is selected from DMEA, DPA or PC17 At least one of; the delayed tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of DABCO 8154 or MP-608; the glass fiber powder is an alkali-free ground glass fiber powder, and its alkali metal oxide mass percentage The content is ≤0.8%, and the nominal diameter is 170-280 μm.

In the above technical solution, preferably, the glass fiber powder is selected from at least one of MG-170, MG-200, MG-230, MG-250 or MG-280.

In order to solve the third technical problem above, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: the prepared high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material is used in the application of the automobile coat rack board.

In the high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material of the present invention, by selecting and compounding different polyether polyols, cell openers, silicone oils and catalysts, especially by introducing polyols formed from small molecule polyols into the reaction components The polypolyol (such as polyglycerol) improves the strength of the obtained polyurethane sheet foam material; at the same time, glass fiber powder of special size is added instead of conventional glass fiber strips, so that the obtained polyurethane sheet foam material meets the requirements of On the basis of the conventional internal control index of the polyurethane sheet foam material, the car coat rack board has further achieved the advantages of higher bearing capacity and high temperature resistance (it can meet the requirements of high bearing performance: tensile strength ≥ 400Kpa, compressive strength ≥ 250Kpa , bending strength ≥ 150Kpa), such as tensile strength up to 530Kpa, compressive strength up to 348Kpa, bending strength up to 183Kpa, the dimensional change rate can be as low as 0.1% after being placed at 100°C for 1 hour; During the process, it can still maintain a good state of flatness and no deformation under the high temperature of 230 ° C, and achieved good technical results.

The present invention will be further elaborated below through the examples, but not limited to the examples.

Detailed ways

Table 1 List of raw materials

【Example 1】

A method for preparing a high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare raw materials by the following parts by weight:

Component A: 100 parts, specifically 30 parts CHE-2801, 55 parts CHE-303, 4.5 parts CHK-350D, 5 parts triglycerin, 0.2 parts ZF-10, 0.8 parts DMEA, 0.4 parts B8534, 0.6 parts B8460 , 3 parts of water and 0.5 parts of MG-170

Component B: 180 parts, specifically 100 parts of S5005 and 80 parts of PM-100

(2) Preparation of component A:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), CHE-2801, triglycerol, CHK-350D, ZF-10, DMEA, B8534, B8460, MG-170, water and CHE-303 were added to container A successively. Stir evenly at a temperature of 22±2°C to obtain the mixed material Ⅰ;

(3) Preparation of component B:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), add S5005 and PM-100 into container B, and stir evenly at a temperature of 22±2°C;

(4) After component A and component B are quickly mixed and stirred evenly, they are quickly injected into the tooling mold prepared in advance, and after free rising, they are aged for 3 days to obtain a high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material. The performance index data are shown in Table 3.

(5) The prepared high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material was used to prepare a car coat rack.

[Embodiments 2-10]

Embodiments 2 to 10 are carried out according to the steps in Embodiment 1, the difference is that the reaction raw materials and raw material ratios in the foaming formula are different, see Table 2 for details; the performance indicators of the prepared high-load-bearing and high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foaming material The data are shown in Table 3.

Table 2 The parts by weight of each component in the formula of high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material in Examples 1-10

[Comparative Example 1]

A preparation method of polyurethane board foam material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare raw materials by the following parts by weight:

Component A: 100 parts, specifically 30 parts of CHE-2801, 55 parts of CHE-303, 4.5 parts of CHK-350D, 5.5 parts of glycerin, 0.2 parts of ZF-10, 0.8 parts of DMEA, 0.4 parts of B8534, 0.6 parts of B8460 and 3 portion of water

Component B: 180 parts, specifically 100 parts of S5005 and 80 parts of PM-100

(2) Preparation of component A:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), add CHE-2801, glycerin, CHK-350D, ZF-10, DMEA, B8534, B8460, water and CHE-303 in container A in sequence, at a temperature of 22±2℃ Stir evenly to obtain the mixed material Ⅰ;

(3) Preparation of component B:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), add S5005 and PM-100 into container B, and stir evenly at a temperature of 22±2°C;

(4) After component A and component B are quickly mixed and stirred evenly, they are quickly injected into the tooling mold prepared in advance, and after free rising, they are aged for 3 days to obtain a polyurethane sheet foam material. The performance index data is shown in Table 3 shows.

(5) The prepared polyurethane sheet foam material is used to prepare a car coat rack.

【Comparative example 2】

The polyurethane sheet foam material is prepared by adopting the common foaming formula on the market, including the following steps:

(1) Prepare raw materials by the following parts by weight:

Component A: 100 parts, specifically 30 parts of CHE-2801, 50 parts of CHE-303, 4.5 parts of ethylene glycol, 2.5 parts of glycerin, 3 parts of triethanolamine, 0.6 parts of A1, 0.2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 0.2 parts Potassium isooctanoate, 1 part surfactant L-6970, 5 parts expanded graphite, 0.5 part carbon black, 0.5 part antioxidant I 245, 0.5 part LESORB 292, 0.5 part internal release agent potassium stearate, 1 part water

Component B: 160 parts, specifically 160 parts of M20S

(2) Preparation of component A:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), add CHE-2801, CHE-303, ethylene glycol, glycerin, triethanolamine, A1, dibutyltin dilaurate, potassium isooctanoate, L-6970, Expanded graphite, carbon black, antioxidant I 245, LESORB 292, internal release agent potassium stearate and water, stirred evenly at a temperature of 22±2°C to obtain the mixed material I;

(3) Preparation of component B:

According to the parts by weight in step (1), add M20S into container B, and stir evenly at a temperature of 22±2°C;

(4) After component A and component B are quickly mixed and stirred evenly, they are quickly injected into the tooling mold prepared in advance, and after free rising, they are aged for 3 days to obtain a polyurethane sheet foam material. The performance index data is shown in Table 3 shows.

(5) The prepared polyurethane sheet foam material is used to prepare a car coat rack.

The performance detection data of the polyurethane sheet material foaming material of table 3 embodiment 1～10 and comparative example 1～2

From the data results in Table 3, it can be seen that the density of Comparative Example 2, a formula system commonly used in the market, is 80kg/m ³ , which cannot meet the requirements of light weight, while the density of Examples 1-10 can be reduced to 50-60kg/m ^3. The weight is lighter and meets the requirements of lightweight;

Embodiments 1～10 are compared with Comparative Examples 1～2, and the physical performance test data such as tensile strength, elongation at break and compressive strength under conventional conditions are similar, all satisfy the index of high load-bearing performance requirement (tensile strength ≥ 400Kpa , compressive strength ≥ 250Kpa), and the bending strength is 163-183Kpa, which is higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-2, and the load-bearing performance is better; after being placed at 100°C for 1 hour, Comparative Example 1 without adding polypolyol and glass fiber powder The dimensional change rate is 0.8%, and the dimensional stability is poor. In the process of molding composite molding at 230 ° C, the phenomenon of surface curling and deformation appeared. It can be seen that the high temperature resistance of comparison 1 is poor; similarly, the common formula on the market In system comparative example 2, the dimensional change rate after being placed at 100°C for 1 hour is 1.5%, and the dimensional stability is poor. During the process of molding at 230°C, serious deformation occurred. It can be seen that the high temperature resistance of comparison 2 Poor; while the dimensional change rate of the polyurethane sheet foam materials in Examples 1 to 10 is 0.1 to 0.5% after being placed at a high temperature of 100°C for 1 hour. During the process of molding and composite molding at 230°C, the molding is good, and the surface does not appear Curled or severely deformed, it has excellent high temperature resistance.

Therefore, the high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane sheet foam material provided by the present invention has good high-temperature resistance and high load-bearing capacity while maintaining the advantages of light weight, and has achieved good technical effects, and can be used for automobile coat rack panels. in industrial applications.

Claims (10)

1. A high-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 180-220, wherein the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of polyether polyol I, 50-70 parts of polyether polyol II, 2-10 parts of a pore forming agent, 5-10 parts of a polyol, 0.8-2 parts of a reaction type catalyst, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 2-3 parts of water and 0.3-1 part of glass fiber powder; the component B is polymeric MDI; wherein,

the polyether polyol I is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by taking at least one of glycerol, trimethylolpropane or sorbitol as an initiator, and capping the polyether polyol with the ethylene oxide, wherein the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol I is 4000-12000, and the primary hydroxyl content of the polyether polyol I is 70-90%;

the polyether polyol II is polyether polyol which is prepared by taking at least one of diethylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, sucrose or sorbitol as an initiator and carrying out block polymerization on propylene oxide, and has the average molecular weight of 300-1000 and the hydroxyl value of 200-800 mgKOH/g;

the cell opener is selected from polyether cell openers copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and having a hydroxyl value of 25-35 mgKOH/g;

the polyhydric alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol with ether linkage generated by dehydrating and condensing intermolecular hydroxyl of at least two micromolecular polyhydric alcohols, the polymerization degree is 2-10, and the hydroxyl value is 800-2000 mgKOH/g;

the reaction type catalyst is a tertiary amine type catalyst containing hydroxyl;

the surfactant is polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer.

2. The high load-bearing high temperature resistant polyurethane plate foaming material of claim 1, wherein the small molecule polyol is glycerol.

3. The high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyether polyol I is at least one selected from CHE-2801, CHE-330N, CHE-360N, CHE-822P or CHE-628; the polyether polyol II is at least one selected from CHE-303, CHE-306, N-405 or ZS-4110; the polyether type cell opener is selected from at least one of CHK-350D, CP1421 or AK-9901; the surfactant is selected from at least one of B8444, B8547, B8534, B8460, B8409, AK-7703, L-580 or L-5345; the polymeric MDI is selected from at least one of S5005, M20S, PM-100 or PM-200.

4. The high-load high-temperature resistant polyurethane panel foaming material of claim 1, wherein the tertiary amine catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of an intumescent tertiary amine catalyst, an equilibrium tertiary amine catalyst and a delayed tertiary amine catalyst; the glass fiber powder is formed by chopping and grinding short fibers, the nominal diameter of the glass fiber powder is 150-300 mu m, and the mass percentage content of alkali metal oxide is less than or equal to 1%.

5. The high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material of claim 4, wherein the foaming tertiary amine catalyst is at least one selected from ZF-10, dabcoT or LE-15; the balanced tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of DMEA, DPA or PC 17; the delayed tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of DABCO 8154 or MP-608; the glass fiber powder is alkali-free milled glass fiber powder, the mass percentage of alkali metal oxide is less than or equal to 0.8 percent, and the nominal diameter is 170-280 mu m.

6. The high load-bearing high temperature resistant polyurethane plate foaming material of claim 1,4 or 5, wherein the glass fiber powder is at least one selected from MG-170, MG-200, MG-230, MG-250 or MG-280.

7. A method for preparing the high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material of claim 1, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparing raw materials according to the following components in parts by weight:

the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100:180 to 220, the component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of polyether polyol I, 50-70 parts of polyether polyol II, 2-10 parts of a cell opening agent, 5-10 parts of polyol, 0.8-2 parts of a reaction type catalyst, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 2-3 parts of water and 0.3-1 part of glass fiber powder; the component B is polymeric MDI;

wherein, the polyether polyol I takes at least one of glycerol, trimethylolpropane or sorbitol as an initiator, is copolymerized by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and is capped by ethylene oxide, the average molecular weight of the polyether polyol I is 4000-12000, and the primary hydroxyl content is 70-90%; the polyether polyol II is prepared by taking at least one of diethylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, sucrose or sorbitol as an initiator and carrying out block polymerization on propylene oxide, and has the average molecular weight of 300-1000 and the hydroxyl value of 200-800 mgKOH/g; the cell opener is selected from polyether cell openers copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and having a hydroxyl value of 25-35 mgKOH/g; the polyhydric alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol with ether linkage generated by dehydrating and condensing intermolecular hydroxyl of at least two micromolecular polyhydric alcohols, the polymerization degree is 2-10, and the hydroxyl value is 800-2000 mgKOH/g; the reaction type catalyst is a tertiary amine type catalyst containing hydroxyl; the surfactant is polysiloxane-oxyalkylene block copolymer;

(2) Preparation of component A:

sequentially adding polyether polyol I, polyether polyol II, a pore-forming agent, polyol, a reaction type catalyst, a surfactant, water and glass fiber powder into a container A according to the components in the step (1) in parts by weight, and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ to obtain a mixed material I;

(3) Preparation of component B:

adding polymeric MDI into a container B according to the components and the parts by weight in the step (1), and uniformly stirring at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃;

(4) The component A and the component B are mixed according to the weight part ratio of 100: 180-220, quickly injecting into a tool mold prepared in advance after quickly mixing and uniformly stirring, and curing for 2-3 days after finishing free rising to prepare the high-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material.

8. The method for preparing the high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material according to claim 7, wherein the small-molecule polyol is glycerol.

9. The preparation method of the high-load-bearing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane plate foaming material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyether polyol I is at least one selected from CHE-2801, CHE-330N, CHE-360N, CHE-822P or CHE-628; the polyether polyol II is selected from at least one of CHE-303, CHE-306, N-405 or ZS-4110; the polyether type cell opener is selected from at least one of CHK-350D, CP1421 or AK-9901; the surfactant is selected from at least one of B8444, B8547, B8534, B8460, B8409, AK-7703, L-580 or L-5345; the polymeric MDI is selected from at least one of S5005, M20S, PM-100 or PM-200; the tertiary amine catalyst is selected from at least one of an foaming tertiary amine catalyst, an equilibrium tertiary amine catalyst or a delayed tertiary amine catalyst; the glass fiber powder is at least one of MG-170, MG-200, MG-230, MG-250 or MG-280.

10. Use of the high load-bearing high temperature resistant polyurethane plate foam of claim 1 in automotive coat and hat shelves.