CN115669675A - A kind of fruit quality control fresh-keeping agent and using method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a fruit quality control fresh-keeping agent and a use method, which belong to the technical field of agricultural product production and fresh-keeping. The fruit quality control fresh-keeping agent of the present invention comprises quality control agent 1, quality control agent 2 and fresh-keeping agent 3; Quality control agent 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl hexanoate; Potassium sulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium, and peppermint essential oil; preservatives 3 include 1‑methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid. The present invention combines two kinds of quality control agents with preservatives and uses them successively to play a role in good quality control and freshness preservation, increase fruit hardness and dry matter content, reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests, and prolong fruit storage time, especially for blueberries and honeysuckle plum.

Description

A kind of fruit quality control fresh-keeping agent and using method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of production and preservation of agricultural products, and in particular relates to a fruit quality regulation and preservation agent and a use method thereof, in particular to a fruit quality regulation and preservation agent and its application in the planting of blueberries and bee sugar plums.

Background technique

Blueberries and bee sugar plums are high-quality fruits favored by consumers. Due to the high temperature and abundant rainfall during the growing and harvesting seasons, the fruits are easily attacked by rot-causing fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria, Penicillium, etc.) and fruit flies. Edible quality and storage period.

Reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests and improving fruit quality is an important way to improve its postharvest storage and transportation life and commodity value. However, the traditional fresh-keeping process is to take fresh-keeping measures after harvest, and the production efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a fruit quality control and preservative and its application method, which can be applied before fruit harvesting to improve fruit quality and enhance the fresh-keeping effect, especially suitable for application during the planting of blueberries and honeysuckle plums.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A fruit quality control and preservative, comprising a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3; the quality control agent 1 includes imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl diethyl hexanoate; the quality control agent 2 includes food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil; the preservative 3 includes 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.

Preferably, the quality control agent 1 includes 3% imidacloprid 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2000-3000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, 10% diethyl ethyl hexanoate Soluble granules 5000-6000 times aqueous solution.

Preferably, the quality control agent 2 includes food-grade potassium pyrosulfate 1500-2000 times aqueous solution, 0.3% matrine 3000-3500 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate 5000-6000 times aqueous solution, peppermint Essential oil 1500-2500 times liquid.

More preferably, the peppermint essential oil contains 50-60% L-menthol.

Preferably, the preservative 3 includes 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 500-1500 times aqueous solution and 0.05%-0.1% acetylsalicylic acid.

The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned fruit quality control and fresh-keeping agent in fruit quality control and harvesting and fresh-keeping.

Preferably, the fruits include blueberries and honeysuckle plums.

More preferably, when planting blueberries, the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 7-15 days after flowering; the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 35-45 days after flowering; the quality control agent 2 is sprayed 55-65 days after flowering; In the first 2 hours, spray preservative 3.

More preferably, when planting bee sugar plums, the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 10-25 days after flowering; the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 60-75 days after flowering; the quality control agent 2 is sprayed 95-110 days after flowering ; 2 hours before harvesting, spray preservative 3.

More preferably, the spraying amount is such that the fruit and leaves are moist but no liquid drops drip.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention provides a fruit quality control and fresh-keeping agent, which has the functions of fruit quality control and fresh-keeping, and includes a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a fresh-keeping agent 3. The joint application of quality control agent 1 and quality control agent 2 has the effect of increasing fruit dry matter, firmness, and reducing pests and diseases; preservative 3 has the effect of inhibiting fruit respiration and delaying aging. Combining the two quality control agents with the fresh-keeping agent and using them successively will play a good role in quality control and fresh-keeping, prolong the storage time of fruits, and are especially suitable for blueberries and honeysuckle plums.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a fruit quality control and preservative, comprising a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3; the quality control agent 1 includes imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl hexanoate; The quality control agent 2 includes food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil; the preservative 3 includes 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.

in:

Imidacloprid is a super-efficient neonicotinoid insecticide with broad-spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue. It is not easy for pests to develop resistance, and it is safe for humans, animals, plants, and natural enemies. It also has contact, stomach, and systemic toxicity. and other multiple functions. After the pests are exposed to the pesticide, the normal conduction of the central nervous system is blocked, causing them to paralyze and die. The product is quick-acting, and has a high control effect one day after application, and the residual period is as long as about 25 days.

Carvacrol is an aromatic phenolic monoterpenoid compound, which is isomers with thymol, and is commonly found in the volatile oils of many aromatic plants, such as oregano and passion fruit. It has been widely used in daily life and is a common spice, food additive, insect repellant, sanitation fungicide and antioxidant. Carvacrol has the characteristics of small molecule, high fat solubility, easy passage through cell membrane, low dose non-toxic to human body and good clinical tolerance. At the same time, due to the existence of phenolic hydroxyl groups, carvacrol exhibits a certain degree of hydrophilicity. These structural characteristics make carvacrol exhibit various biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory.

Calcium prohexadione is a calcium salt of cyclohexanecarboxylate, and it is prohexadione that really works. When calcium prohexadione is sprayed on plants, it can be quickly absorbed by the leaf cells of the crops. The part where the plant synthesizes gibberellin is in the leaves and can directly act on the target, so it has the characteristics of high activity. At the same time, the half-life of prohexadione calcium is very short. In the soil rich in microorganisms, the half-life is no more than 24 hours, and the final metabolites of prohexadione calcium are carbon dioxide and water, so prohexadione calcium is a low toxicity and no residue of green products.

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is a high-energy plant growth regulator with broad-spectrum and breakthrough effects discovered by American scientists in the 1990s. Hexanoate is non-toxic, safe, and easy to use. It can increase the activity of plant peroxidase and nitrate reductase, increase the content of chlorophyll, accelerate the speed of photosynthesis, promote the division and elongation of plant cells, and promote the development of roots. Regulates the balance of nutrients in the body.

Potassium pyrosulfate (food grade), a food additive, can be used as a bleaching agent, preservative, antioxidant, color protectant, and stabilizer. Can be used for fresh fruits and vegetables, meat and wine.

Matrine The matrine pesticide used in agriculture actually refers to all the substances extracted from Sophora flavescens, called Sophora flavescens extract or total alkaloids of flavescens. In recent years, it has been widely used in agriculture and has good control effects. It is a low-toxic, low-residue, and environmentally friendly pesticide. Mainly control all kinds of pine caterpillars, tea caterpillars, cabbage caterpillars and other pests. Practice has proved that it has a good effect on the prevention and control of fruit flies and eating flies.

Peppermint essential oil is extracted from the peppermint plant (Mentha X piperita L.), which belongs to the Lamiaceae, also known as peppermint. Peppermint essential oil is non-toxic and non-irritating when used in low doses. Practice has proved that it has a repelling effect on fruit flies and eating flies.

1-methylcyclopropene is an inhibitor of ethylene production and the action of ethylene. Before endogenous ethylene production or exogenous ethylene action in plants, 1-methylcyclopropene is applied, and 1-methylcyclopropene is used to preemptively bind to ethylene receptors Occupying space, thus blocking the combination of ethylene and receptors, prolonging the ripening and aging process of fruits and vegetables, and prolonging the fresh-keeping period.

Acetylsalicylic acid can enhance the ability of fruits and vegetables to resist bacterial infection, reduce the loss of nutrients of fruits and vegetables, and prolong the freshness period.

The raw materials of the antistaling agent for regulating and controlling fruit quality of the present invention are all green pesticides, plant growth regulators and food additives, and are highly efficient and safe.

The preferred quality control agent 1 of the present invention includes 3% imidacloprid 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, more preferably 3200-3800 times, more preferably 3500 times liquid; 5% carvacrol 2000-3000 times aqueous solution, further preferably 2200-2800 times, more preferably 2500 times liquid; 3000-4000 times aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspension, more preferably 3200-3800 times, more preferably 3500 times liquid; 5800 times, more preferably 5500 times liquid.

In the fruit quality control process, the quality control agent 1 needs to be sprayed twice. Therefore, the preferred quality control agent 1 of the present invention is divided into a type of quality control agent 1a and a type of quality control agent 1b.

The preferred quality control agent 2 of the present invention includes food-grade potassium pyrosulfate 1500-2000 times the aqueous solution, more preferably 1600-1900 times, more preferably 1750 times; 0.3% matrine 3000-3500 times the aqueous solution, further preferably 3100-3400 times, more preferably Preferably 3250 times; 10% prohexadione calcium suspension 5000-6000 times aqueous solution, more preferably 5200-5800 times, more preferably 5500 times; peppermint essential oil 1500-2500 times liquid, further preferably 1700-2300 times, more preferably 2000 times times.

In the present invention, the peppermint essential oil preferably contains 50-60% L-menthol, more preferably 52-58% L-menthol, more preferably 55%.

The preferred antistaling agent 3 of the present invention includes 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 500-1500 times aqueous solution, more preferably 800-1200 times, more preferably 1000 times; 0.05%-0.1% acetylsalicylic acid, more preferably 0.06%-0.09% , more preferably 0.075%.

The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned fruit quality control and preservative agent in fruit quality control and harvesting preservation, and the preferred fruits include but not limited to blueberries and bee sugar plums.

When planting blueberries, preferably 7-15 days after flowering, more preferably 10 days, spray quality control agent 1; 35-45 days after flowering, more preferably 40 days, spray quality control agent 1; 55-65 days after flowering, more preferably 60 days, Spray quality control agent 2; 2 hours before harvest, spray preservative 3.

When planting bee sugar plums, preferably 10-25d after flowering, more preferably 20d, spray quality control agent 1; 60-75d after flowering, more preferably 70d, spray quality control agent 1; 95-110d after flowering, more preferably 100d, spray quality control agent 2; 2h before harvest, spray preservative 3.

When planting other fruits, according to their specific growth period, spray quality control agent 1 twice and quality control agent 2 once after flowering, and preservative agent 3 2 hours before harvesting.

In the present invention, the spraying amount of the fruit quality control preservative is preferably based on the fact that the fruits and leaves of the fruit tree are moist but without dripping.

In the present invention, after the fruit is harvested, the heat in the field is removed, pre-cooled, and fresh-keeping is carried out by using spontaneous modified atmosphere packaging.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the medicaments and materials used can be obtained through commercial channels.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A kind of fruit quality regulation preservative, composition is as follows:

Quality control agent 1a: 3000 times aqueous solution of 3% imidacloprid, 2000 times aqueous solution of 5% carvacrol, 3000 times aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate, 5000 times aqueous solution of 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granules;

Quality control agent 1b: 3% imidacloprid 4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 3000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 4000 times aqueous solution, 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granule aqueous solution 6000 times aqueous solution;

Quality control agent 2: food grade potassium pyrosulfate 2000 times aqueous solution, 0.3% matrine 3500 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate 5000 times aqueous solution, peppermint essential oil (containing L-menthol 55%) 2000 times liquid;

Preservative 3: a mixed solution of 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 1000 times aqueous solution and 0.05% acetylsalicylic acid.

Subject: 'O'Neill' blueberries.

Instructions:

9 days after flowering, spray quality control agent 1a on fruits and leaves; spray quality control agent 1b on fruits and leaves 37 days after flowering; spray quality control agent 2 on fruits and leaves 55 days after flowering; 60-65 days Harvesting, 2 hours before harvesting, spray preservative 3, spraying amount until the fruit and leaves are moist but no liquid drops.

Example 2

A kind of fruit quality regulation preservative, composition is as follows:

Quality control agent 1a: 3500 times aqueous solution of 3% imidacloprid, 2500 times aqueous solution of 5% carvacrol, 3500 times aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate, 5500 times aqueous solution of 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granules;

Quality control agent 1b: 3% imidacloprid 3500 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2500 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate 3200 times aqueous solution, 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granule aqueous solution 5500 times aqueous solution, peppermint Essential oil 1500-2500 times liquid;

Quality control agent 2: food grade potassium pyrosulfate 1800 times aqueous solution, 0.3% matrine 3500 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate 5000 times aqueous solution, peppermint essential oil (containing L-menthol 55%) 2000 times liquid;

Preservative 3: a mixed solution of 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 1000 times aqueous solution and 0.07% acetylsalicylic acid.

Target: 'Pink Blue' blueberries.

Instructions:

15 days after flowering, spray quality control agent 1a on fruits and leaves; spray quality control agent 1b on fruits and leaves 45 days after flowering; spray quality control agent 2 on fruits and leaves 65 days after flowering; 60-65 days Harvesting, 2 hours before harvesting, spray preservative 3, spraying amount until the fruit and leaves are moist but no liquid drops.

Example 3

A kind of fruit quality regulation preservative, composition is as follows:

Quality control agent 1a: 3000 times aqueous solution of 3% imidacloprid, 3000 times aqueous solution of 5% carvacrol, 4000 times aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate, 5000 times aqueous solution of 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granules;

Quality control agent 1b: 3% imidacloprid 4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 3000 times aqueous solution, 10% diethyl diethyl ethyl soluble granule aqueous solution 6000 times aqueous solution;

Quality control agent 2: food grade potassium pyrosulfate 1500 times aqueous solution, 0.3% matrine 3000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspension concentrate 5000 times aqueous solution, peppermint essential oil (containing 60% L-menthol) 2000 times liquid;

Preservative 3: a mixed solution of 1.0% 1-methylcyclopropene 1000 times aqueous solution and 0.1% acetylsalicylic acid.

Subject: bee sugar plum.

Instructions:

16 days after flowering, spray quality control agent 1a on fruits and leaves; spray quality control agent 1b on fruits and leaves 71 days after flowering; spray quality control agent 2 on fruits and leaves 97 days after flowering; 105-110 days Harvesting, 2 hours before harvesting, spray preservative 3, spraying amount until the fruit and leaves are moist but no liquid drops.

Example 4

Effects of fruit quality control preservatives on the quality and fresh-keeping effect of 'O'Neill' blueberry

In 2021, 3 healthy and high-yield blueberry orchards were selected in Majiang County, Guizhou Province, variety: O'Neill, and 3 parallel experiments were carried out with the scheme of Example 1. Wherein each spraying, with spraying distilled water as contrast. According to the method reported in the literature (1-MCP treatment on the impact of blueberry room temperature shelf quality changes, Food Science. 2014,35(02):322-327), the fruit hardness (n=30) and soluble solids (n =30), 5-day edible rate (n=100, %) at room temperature, 50-day edible rate (%, 120 jin) of low-temperature storage.

The storage method is as follows: harvest 8-9 mature fruits, after selection, put them into turnover baskets (2 catties/basket), take 20 baskets as a unit, put them into PE material, thickness is 30 μm, and put them into self-generating modified atmosphere bags. Pre-cool at -1°C for 8 hours, then tie into bags and store at 0-1°C for 50 days.

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on blueberry quality and fresh-keeping effect

It can be seen from Table 1 that the harvest hardness and soluble solids content of blueberry fruit in the combined agent treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and the postharvest shelf life and low-temperature storage life of the treatment group were better than those in the control group.

Example 5

Effects of fruit quality control preservatives on the quality and fresh-keeping effect of 'Fenlan' blueberries

In 2020, 3 healthy and high-yield blueberry orchards were selected in Majiang County, Guizhou Province, variety: Fenlan, and 3 parallel experiments were carried out with the scheme of Example 2. Wherein each spraying, with spraying distilled water as contrast. According to the method reported in the literature (1-MCP treatment on the impact of blueberry room temperature shelf quality changes, Food Science. 2014,35(02):322-327), the fruit hardness (n=30) and soluble solids (n =30), 5-day edible rate (n=100, %) at room temperature, 80-day edible rate (%, 120 jins) of low-temperature storage.

The storage method is as follows: harvest 8-9 mature fruits, after selection, put them into turnover baskets (2 catties/basket), take 20 baskets as a unit, put them into PE material, thickness is 30 μm, and put them into self-generating modified atmosphere bags. Pre-cool at -1°C for 8 hours, then tie into bags and store at 0-1°C for 80 days.

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on blueberry quality and fresh-keeping effect

It can be seen from Table 2 that the harvest hardness and soluble solids content of blueberry fruits in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and the postharvest shelf life and low-temperature storage life of the treatment group were better than those in the control group.

Example 6

Effects of fruit quality control and preservatives on the quality and fresh-keeping effect of Fengtang plum

In 2020, 3 healthy and high-yield bee sugar plum orchards were selected in Zhenning County, Guizhou Province, and 3 parallel experiments were carried out with the scheme of Example 3. Wherein each spraying, with spraying distilled water as contrast. According to the method reported in the literature (Melatonin treatment on the fresh-keeping effect of Fructus Plum Fruit, Food Industry Science and Technology, 2020, 41 (6):), the fruit hardness (n=30 grains) and soluble solids (n= 30 grains), the edible rate (n=100 grains, %) at room temperature for 7 days, and the edible rate (%, 180 catties) for 60 days when stored at low temperature.

The storage method is as follows: harvest 8-9 mature fruits, after selection, put them into PE material with a thickness of 40 μm in a self-generating modified atmosphere bag (30 catties/bag), and then put them into a turnover basket. Cold for 8 hours, then bagged and stored at 2-3°C for 60 days.

Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the quality and preservation effect of bee sugar plum

It can be seen from Table 3 that the harvest hardness and soluble solids content of Futang plum fruit in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and the postharvest shelf life and low-temperature storage life of the treatment group were better than those in the control group.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fruit quality control preservative is characterized by comprising a quality control agent 1, a quality control agent 2 and a preservative 3;

the quality regulator 1 comprises imidacloprid, carvacrol, prohexadione calcium and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;

the quality regulator 2 comprises food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, matrine, prohexadione calcium and peppermint essential oil;

the preservative 3 comprises 1-methylcyclopropene and acetylsalicylic acid.

2. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the quality control agent 1 comprises 3% imidacloprid 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, 5% carvacrol 2000-3000 times aqueous solution, 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent 3000-4000 times aqueous solution, and 10% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate soluble granule 5000-6000 times aqueous solution.

3. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the quality control agent 2 comprises 1500-2000 times of aqueous solution of food-grade potassium pyrosulfate, 3000-3500 times of aqueous solution of 0.3% matrine, 5000-6000 times of aqueous solution of 10% prohexadione calcium suspending agent, and 1500-2500 times of liquid of peppermint essential oil.

4. The fruit quality-controlling preservative according to claim 3, wherein the peppermint essential oil contains 50-60% L-menthol.

5. The fruit quality control preservative according to claim 1, wherein the preservative 3 comprises 1.0% of a 500-1500-fold aqueous solution of 1-methylcyclopropene and 0.05-0.1% of acetylsalicylic acid.

6. The use of the fruit quality control preservative according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for the quality control and harvest preservation of fruits.

7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the fruit comprises blueberry, prune.

8. The application as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the blueberries are planted, the quality control agent 1 is sprayed 7-15 days after the flowers are planted; spraying a quality control agent 1 35-45 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 55-65 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.

9. The application of claim 7, wherein when planting the bee sugar plums, spraying the quality control agent 1 10-25 days after the flowers; spraying a quality control agent 1 60-75 days after the flowers bloom; spraying a quality control agent 2 95-110 days after the flowers bloom; spraying preservative 3 in 2h before picking.

10. The use according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the amount of spraying is fruit, leaf wetting but no drip.