CN115603834A - Calibration method, device, equipment, medium and system for phased array antenna - Google Patents
Calibration method, device, equipment, medium and system for phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种相控阵天线的校准方法、装置、设备、介质及系统。该方法包括：在待测的相控阵天线中依次获取当前处理天线通道；控制当前处理天线通道进行目标次数的平均移相处理，并测量当前处理天线通道在各移相状态下与探头之间的复传输信号；返回执行在待测的相控阵天线中依次获取当前处理天线通道的操作，直至完成对相控阵天线中全部天线通道的测量；根据每个天线通道在各移相状态下与探头之间的复传输信号，计算每个天线通道的初始幅相分布，并根据每个天线通道的初始幅相分布对相控阵天线进行校准。通过执行本技术方案，可以做到对相控阵天线的幅相进行精确地校准与校验，计算复杂度小，校准精度高。
The invention discloses a calibration method, device, equipment, medium and system for a phased array antenna. The method comprises: sequentially obtaining the current processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be tested; controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out the average phase-shift processing of the target times, and measuring the distance between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state The complex transmission signal; return to execute the operation of obtaining the current processing antenna channel in turn in the phased array antenna to be tested, until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed; according to each antenna channel in each phase shift state Calculate the initial amplitude and phase distribution of each antenna channel, and calibrate the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude and phase distribution of each antenna channel. By implementing the technical solution, the amplitude and phase of the phased array antenna can be calibrated and verified accurately, the calculation complexity is small, and the calibration accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of phased array antenna technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, a medium, and a system for calibrating a phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna refers to an antenna which changes the shape of a directional diagram by controlling the feeding phase of a radiating element in the array antenna, and the control phase can change the direction of the maximum value of the directional diagram of the antenna so as to achieve the purpose of beam wave scanning. Compared with the conventional method for rotating the antenna by a mechanical method, the phased array antenna has the advantages of small inertia, high speed, high beam scanning speed, and rapid change of the maximum pointing direction or other parameters of an antenna directional pattern.
In the prior art, the phased array antenna is mainly calibrated by a near field scanning measurement method or a phase conversion calibration method. The near-field scanning measurement method comprises the steps of mechanically scanning the surface of an antenna by using a probe, measuring the amplitude and the phase of a single channel of the antenna when other channels are open-circuited by using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), and reconstructing the distribution of the antenna or array aperture field by using the inverse Fourier transform of near-field measurement data. On the other hand, the commutation calibration method can realize the calculation of the phase amplitude difference of the unit channels by switching the unit phases and measuring the signal change rule.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art has the following defects: on one hand, the near-field scanning measurement method neglects the coupling among channels, so that the measurement result shows lower precision and efficiency along with the increase of the number of antenna channels; on the other hand, the matrix equation for solving the phase amplitude difference obtained by the commutation calibration method is singular, so that the solving calculation process is very complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method, a device, equipment, a medium and a system for calibrating a phased array antenna, which are used for simply and accurately realizing the amplitude-phase calibration of the phased array antenna.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calibrating a phased array antenna, where the method includes:
sequentially acquiring a current processing antenna channel from a phased array antenna to be detected;
controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out average phase shift processing of target times, and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state;
returning to execute the operation of sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be detected until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed;
and calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased-array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for calibrating a phased array antenna, including:
the current processing antenna channel acquisition module is used for sequentially acquiring current processing antenna channels from the phased array antenna to be detected;
the complex transmission signal measurement module is used for controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out average phase shift processing of target times and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state;
the repeated execution module is used for returning and executing the operation of sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be detected until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed;
and the calibration control module is used for calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased-array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
In a third aspect, this embodiment provides an electronic device, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform a method of calibrating a phased array antenna according to any of the embodiments of the present invention.
In a fourth aspect, the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to implement the method for calibrating a phased array antenna according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention when the computer instructions are executed.
In a fifth aspect, the present embodiment provides a calibration system for a phased array antenna, the system comprising:
the system comprises a phased array antenna to be tested, a central control device, a probe, a motion control assembly and a vector network analyzer;
the central control equipment is respectively connected with each antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be tested, the probe and the motion control assembly, the probe and the phased array antenna are also connected with the vector network analyzer, and the probe is arranged on the motion control assembly;
and the motion control assembly is used for responding to a motion control instruction of the central control equipment and driving the probe to be aligned to different antenna channels so as to realize the measurement of complex transmission signals.
The central control device is used for executing the method in any one of the embodiments of the invention;
and the vector network analyzer is used for recording and visually displaying the measured complex transmission signals.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the complex transmission signal between the current processing antenna channel and the probe is measured by selecting the current processing antenna channel, the operation of sequentially obtaining the current processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be measured is returned to be executed until the measurement of all the antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed, and finally the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel is calculated according to the complex transmission signal between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase shifting state, and the phased array antenna is calibrated according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel, so that the problems of low measurement result precision and complicated calculation solving process in the prior art are solved, and the high-precision rapid calibration of the phased array antenna is realized.
It should be understood that the statements in this section are not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a flowchart of a calibration method for a phased array antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of measured values of a receiving signal of a horn antenna obtained by the method according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a diagram of the far-field patterns obtained by the method according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device that can be used to implement the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration system for a phased array antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applicable to a case where initial phase verification is performed on a phased array antenna, and the method may be performed by a calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna, where the calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna may be implemented in a form of hardware and/or software, and the calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna may be configured in a terminal or a server carrying a calibration function for a phased array antenna. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
and S110, sequentially acquiring the current processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be detected.
In this embodiment, when calibrating the phased array antenna, the phased array antenna and the probe are first connected to a vector network analyzer, respectively.
When the transmitted signal of the phased array antenna is measured, the phased array antenna needs to be set to be in a transmitting state, the transmitting end of the vector network analyzer is connected with the phased array antenna, and the receiving end of the vector network analyzer is connected with the probe. Furthermore, the vector network analyzer can compare the phase difference according to the transmitted and received signals.
Similarly, when the received signal of the phased array antenna is measured, the phased array antenna needs to be set to a receiving state, the receiving end of the vector network analyzer is connected with the phased array antenna, and the transmitting end of the vector network analyzer is connected with the probe. Furthermore, the vector network analyzer can compare the phase difference according to the transmitted and received signals.
The phased array antenna to be tested is an antenna which comprises a plurality of antenna channels and changes the shape of a directional diagram by controlling the feeding phase of a radiation unit in the array antenna.
Further, a current processing antenna channel obtained in the phased array antenna to be measured is a channel of the phased array antenna to be measured, which includes any one of a plurality of antenna channels that is not measured, and the current processing antenna channel can be understood as an antenna channel that needs to be currently measured for transmitting signals or receiving signals. When a certain antenna channel is determined as a current processing antenna channel, the probe is required to be directed to the current processing antenna channel to measure the antenna transceiving signals, and the power of signals transmitted or received by other antenna channels is correspondingly inhibited, so as to ensure the test effect.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, after sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be tested, the method may further include:
controlling the current processing antenna channel to be normally opened;
and controlling other antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be opened, and setting target power attenuation values.
The target power attenuation value may be used to control a reduced magnitude of a signal transmitting end of the antenna channel relative to an original transmitting signal when the transmitted signal is measured, or may be used to control a reduced magnitude of a signal receiving end of the antenna channel relative to an original receiving signal when the received signal is measured, and may be represented by a multiple or a decibel number.
Furthermore, the output power of the antenna channel which is not currently processed in the phased array antenna to be tested can be attenuated by setting the target power attenuation values of other antenna channels in the phased array antenna, so that the influence caused by mutual coupling among the antenna channels is kept, the mutual influence degree among the antenna channels is inhibited, and the phased array antenna is protected from being influenced by disorder.
In a specific application scenario of this embodiment, assuming that the total number of antenna channels included in the phased array antenna is 64, after determining that the currently processed antenna channel is channel a, the received power and the output power of channel a are kept unchanged, that is, the channel a is kept normally turned on, and meanwhile, the target power attenuation values of the remaining 63 antenna channels of the phased array antenna except for the channel a are set to 10dB.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid the problem of poor calibration effect caused by neglecting coupling between channels in calibration, a method is adopted in which the currently processed antenna channel is normally turned on, the other non-currently processed antenna channels are turned on, and target power attenuation values are set, so that the influence of coupling between channels is fully considered, and it is further ensured that the method of this embodiment maintains high calibration accuracy when the number of antenna channels of the phased array antenna increases.
And S120, controlling the currently processed antenna channel to perform average phase shift processing of the target times, and measuring complex transmission signals between the currently processed antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state.
The average phase shift processing is understood to mean that N times of phase shift processing can be performed on average from 0 cleavage, and each time of phase shift processing is shifted by the same single phase shift amount relative to the previous phase shift processing.
In a specific example, the probe is configured to receive an antenna signal transmitted by a currently processed antenna channel and send the antenna signal to the vector network analyzer, or send a signal generated by the vector network analyzer to the currently processed antenna channel for antenna reception. In order to ensure the receiving or transmitting effect, the position of the probe can be dynamically adjusted along with the switching of the current processing antenna channel, so as to ensure that the probe is always aligned with the current processing antenna channel.
Correspondingly, the complex transmission signal may be a signal received by the probe when the pre-processing antenna channel is in a transmitting state, or may be a signal received when the current antenna channel is in a receiving state.
Further, the measurement of the complex transmission signal between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state may be performed by controlling the probe to move to a spatial position where the current processing antenna channel is located, and performing an automated test on the antenna signal in the spatial position to obtain the complex transmission signal of the current processing antenna channel in each phase shift state.
The complex transmission signals of the currently processed antenna channel in each phase-shifted state can be understood as complex signals received by the probe in each phase-shifted state of the current antenna channel.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the step may specifically include:
according to the formula: Δ θ =360 °/N, and calculating single commutation offset Δ θ, wherein N is the target frequency; obtaining a current phase value, wherein the current phase value is initialized to 0 °; controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the phase of the current phase value, and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shifting state; and according to the single commutation offset delta theta, after updating the current phase-shifting value, returning to execute the operation of controlling the current processing antenna channel to phase-shift the current phase-shifting value until N complex transmission signals are obtained through measurement.
That is, when the target number is determined, the phase shift value used at each measurement is uniquely determined.
S130, judging whether measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is finished: if yes, go to S140; otherwise, return to execute S110.
In a specific application scenario of this embodiment, after the channel a is processed by the method of this embodiment and a complex transmission signal thereof is obtained, further, another currently processed antenna channel that is different from the channel a and belongs to the phased array antenna is selected as the channel b, the target power attenuation value of the channel b is cancelled, so that the currently processed antenna channel is kept in a normal on state, the target power attenuation value of the antenna channel of the channel a is set to 10dB, and the remaining 62 channels keep the target power attenuation value unchanged by 10dB, thereby completing the operation of adjusting the currently processed antenna channel from the channel a to the channel b.
It is easy to understand that, after 64 antenna channels of the phased array antenna are all set to be traversed as the currently processed antenna channel and the corresponding initial amplitude-phase distribution is obtained, the initial amplitude-phase distribution measurement of the phased array antenna is completed.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid the situation that the influence of the coupling between the channels on the currently processed antenna channel is ignored during calibration, a method is adopted in which the currently processed antenna channel is normally opened, the other non-currently processed antenna channels are opened, and target power attenuation values are set, so that the influence of the coupling between the channels is fully considered, and it is further ensured that the method of this embodiment maintains high calibration accuracy when the number of antenna channels of the phased array antenna increases.
S140, calculating initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals of each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
The initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel can be understood as the initial direction in which the antenna signal transmitted by each antenna channel is directed before calibration, and the initial signal amplitude value.
In this embodiment, after the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel is obtained, each antenna channel may be adjusted to the same direction based on the initial direction respectively corresponding to each antenna channel, so as to calibrate the phased array antenna, that is, calibrate the direction in which the antenna signal emitted by the antenna channel is directed.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, calculating an initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signal of each antenna channel in each phase shift state may include:
according to the formula:
calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution B of the mth antenna channel based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm m ；
Wherein, P im And N is the target times of complex transmission signals between the mth antenna channel and the probe after the ith average phase shift.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, by obtaining the complex transmission signal of each antenna channel in each phase-shifted state after performing the average phase-shifting processing, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel can be conveniently and accurately obtained by performing simple data processing on the complex transmission signal in each phase-shifted state based on the mathematical characteristic of the average phase-shifting processing.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the currently processed antenna channel is selected, the complex transmission signals between the currently processed antenna channel and the probe in each phase shifting state are measured, the complex transmission signals received by the currently processed antenna channel are processed, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the pre-processed antenna channel is calculated according to the processing result, and the operation of sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be tested is returned and executed until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel may include:
acquiring initial phase values corresponding to the antenna channels respectively according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the antenna channels; respectively calculating the phase difference between the initial phase value of each antenna channel and the target calibration phase value; and controlling each antenna channel to perform phase shift processing according to the phase difference matched with the antenna channel so as to realize the calibration of the phased array antenna.
In this optional embodiment, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel obtained through calculation is represented by one complex signal, and the initial amplitude value and the initial phase value in each initial amplitude-phase distribution can be extracted by processing the complex signal, so that the initial phase value corresponding to each antenna channel can be obtained.
The target calibration phase value may be understood as a phase value that each antenna channel is expected to point together after calibration, and the target calibration phase value may be preset according to an actual situation, for example, may be 0 ° or 180 °, which is not limited in this embodiment.
After the initial phase value of each antenna channel and the target calibration phase value are determined, the phase difference required to be adjusted when each antenna channel is calibrated to the target calibration phase value can be correspondingly determined. For example, if the initial phase value of the antenna channel x is 34 °, the target calibration phase value is 180 °, the phase difference to be adjusted corresponding to the antenna channel x is (180 ° -34 °) =146 °.
Furthermore, phase calibration of each antenna channel in the phased array antenna can be realized by controlling each antenna channel to perform phase shift processing according to the phase difference matched with the antenna channel.
In an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the target calibration phase value may be dynamically selected according to initial phase values respectively corresponding to each antenna channel, so as to ensure that a total phase moved is minimum when each antenna channel performs phase calibration, so as to improve calibration efficiency of the phased array antenna. Optionally, an average of the initial phase values corresponding to each antenna channel may be obtained through calculation, and the average is used as the target calibration phase value.
Example two
Fig. 2a is a flowchart of a calibration method for a phased array antenna according to a second embodiment of the present inventionThe present embodiment is optimized based on the above embodiments. Specifically, in this embodiment, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel is calculated according to the complex transmission signal of each antenna channel in each phase shift state, and is embodied as: according to the formula:
calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution B of the mth antenna channel based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm m (ii) a Wherein, P im And N is the target times of the complex transmission signal between the mth antenna channel and the probe after the ith average phase shift.
Accordingly, as shown in fig. 2a, the method comprises:
s210, sequentially acquiring the current processing antenna channel from the phased array antenna to be detected.
S220, according to a formula: Δ θ =360 °/N, and the single commutation shift amount Δ θ is calculated.
Wherein, N is the average commutation times of the current processing antenna channel m; further, N may be a positive integer greater than 1; it is readily understood that the single commutation shift amount Δ θ decreases with increasing N.
And S230, acquiring a current phase-shifting value, controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the phase of the current phase-shifting value, and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state.
Wherein, the current phase-advance value is initialized to 0 °, that is, when the average commutation processing is performed on the antenna channel m currently processed for the first time, the first current phase-advance value takes 0 °.
In a specific example, the complex transmission signal P between the current processing antenna channel and the probe under the k-th phase shift state is measured K The amplitude information and the phase information of the signal are included;
further, the signal P is transmitted in complex K The relation with the average number of phase shifts N is in accordance with the following equation:
where M is the number of phased array antenna elements; n is the average number of phase shifts; p k The signal is a complex transmission signal measured by the probe in a kth phase-shifting state, and k = 1-N; s m The transmission coefficient of the antenna channel currently processed; s i Transmission coefficients for other antenna channels; a is a m Feeding distribution for the currently processed antenna channel; a is i The feed distribution for the other antenna channels.
It should be known to those skilled in the art that the product of the transmission coefficient of the current channel and the feed distribution of the current channel is the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the current channel, i.e. S m ·a m Is the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the antenna channel m currently being processed.
S240, judging whether N complex transmission signals are obtained through measurement: if not, executing S250; otherwise, S260 is performed.
And S250, updating the current phase shifting value according to the single commutation offset delta theta, and returning to the step S230.
It is easy to understand that after the current phase-shift value is updated according to the single commutation offset Δ θ, the complex transmission signals detected by the probe are all different, that is, all of the N complex transmission signals are different signals
S260, judging whether measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is finished or not; if yes, go to S270; if not, go to S210.
And S270, calculating initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals of each antenna channel in each phase-shifting state.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the following formula may be used:
calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution B of the mth antenna channel based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm m 。
In this embodiment, a Phase Toggle algorithm may be used to obtain the initial amplitude-Phase distribution of the phased array antenna through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) accelerated solution. The Phase Toggle algorithm can be used for detecting the relative displacement between two signals with the same content. It is based on the displacement theorem of the fourier transform. The fourier transform of a translated function is simply the product of the fourier transform of the non-translated function and an exponential factor with a linear phase, i.e. a translation in the spatial domain causes a phase shift of the spectrum in the frequency domain. Further, the Phase Toggle algorithm is used for synthesizing the initial amplitude-Phase distribution of each channel by reversely rotating the electric field vector.
As described in S230, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the mth antenna channel needs to be calculated to obtain S under the mth antenna channel m ·a m In the embodiment, the inventor simplifies the formula based on the data principle, specifically:
first, a physical quantity B is defined m Let B be m Expressed as:
then, the formula is
Substituted into B m In the expression of (a), the following variant expression can be obtained:
by making data derivation: after the electric field vector is reversely rotated, the information values of the deformation expression are superposed on the mth antenna channel in the same phase and correspond to B m In the expression
And (4) partial.
Meanwhile, since a complex signal Zt = Sr + jSi can be regarded as a composite of a real signal Sr and an imaginary signal Si, and the currently processed antenna channel is subjected to average phase shift processing in the direction of 360 °, further, the signal values of the distortion expression are superimposed on the other antenna channels except for the mth antenna channel as0, i.e. B m In the expression
The partial sums are 0.
Thus, in this embodiment, B m The expression can be abbreviated as:
it will be readily appreciated that, from mathematical calculations,
the product of the fractions is 1, independent of the value of k, and S m Is the transmission coefficient of the current channel, a m For the distribution of the current feed, i.e. S m And a m Is independent of the complex transmission signal measured by the probe in the kth phase-shifting state.
Further, B m ＝(1/N)*N*(S m ·a m )＝S m ·a m In other words, if one wants to calculate the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the mth antenna channel, one needs to find B of the mth antenna channel m And (4) finishing.
As has been described in the foregoing, it is preferable that,
further, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the mth antenna channel can be calculated based on the above formula.
According to the method provided by the embodiment, the FFT is used for accelerating the solution on the premise of ensuring the accuracy, the calculation method and the calculation flow are simplified, the time is saved, and the working efficiency is improved.
And S280, calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention solves the problems of low measurement efficiency caused by complex calculation, excessive required parameter quantity and complex calculation process caused by using a singular matrix to calculate the initial phase in the prior art.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, after calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel, the method may further include:
sequentially opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, and constructing a calibration effect verification image by acquiring a complex transmission signal between each opened antenna channel and the probe so as to verify the calibration effect; and the number of the first and second groups,
and simultaneously, opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, and measuring a far field directional pattern of the phased array antenna in a near field or a far field through a probe to verify the calibration effect based on the comparison result of the measured far field directional pattern and a preset standard far field directional pattern.
In this embodiment, after completing the calibration of the phased array antenna, the calibration effect of the phased array antenna may be verified in one or more calibration verification manners.
In a specific scenario of this embodiment, a phased array antenna calibrated with 32 × 32 channels is set to include 1024 antenna channels. The working frequency of the phased array antenna is 24.25-27.5 GHz, the antenna is vertically polarized at 45 degrees, the size is 192mm and 192mm, and the distance between antenna channels is 6mm. The near-field probe adopts a rectangular waveguide probe, and the distance between the measuring plane and the antenna channel to be measured is 40mm. Each antenna channel is subjected to 8 times of average phase shift, which is respectively 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees, 270 degrees, 315 degrees and 360 degrees. The vector network analyzer recorded 1024 × 8 × 2 data, 2 data including amplitude information and phase information, respectively. The entire calibration measurement process takes 52min.
In order to verify the calibration effect, a horn antenna is placed 3m in front of the phased array antenna to receive signals, and all channels are sequentially opened. Fig. 2b shows the measured values of the received signal values of the horn antenna after the phased array antenna of 32 × 32 channels to be measured is calibrated by the method of this embodiment. The received signal in fig. 2b shows perfect in-phase superposition and amplitude-phase consistency.
Fig. 2c shows the far-field pattern of the 32 × 32 phased array antenna channels to be measured after calibration by the method of the present invention, and the scanning direction is well consistent with the design value (the preset standard far-field pattern) within ± 60 °.
As can be seen from fig. 2b and fig. 2c, the method of the embodiment of the present invention effectively suppresses the mutual coupling effect between the channels of the phased array antenna and the influence of the electronic elements on the amplitude coherence in each channel. In addition, the dynamic requirement of a channel circuit is expanded in the system calibration process, and the method is very suitable for the engineering application requirements of miniaturization, integration and conformality of the conventional phased array antenna.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the apparatus includes: a current processing antenna channel acquisition module 310, a re-transmission signal measurement module 320, a re-execution module 330, and a calibration control module 340, wherein:
a current-processing antenna channel obtaining module 310, configured to sequentially obtain a current-processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be detected.
And the complex transmission signal measurement module 320 is configured to control the currently processed antenna channel to perform average phase shift processing on the target times, and measure complex transmission signals between the currently processed antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state.
And the repeated execution module 330 is configured to return to execute the operation of sequentially obtaining the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be measured until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed.
And the calibration control module 340 is configured to calculate initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signal between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrate the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the current processing antenna channel is selected, the complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shifting state are measured, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the pre-processing antenna channel is calculated according to the processing result, and the operation of sequentially acquiring the current processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be measured is returned and executed until the measurement of all the antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the current processing antenna channel obtaining module 310 may be specifically configured to: controlling the current processing antenna channel to be normally opened; and controlling other antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be opened, and setting target power attenuation values.
Based on the above embodiments, the re-emission signal measurement module 320 may include:
a commutation offset amount calculation unit for calculating, according to the formula: Δ θ =360 °/N, and calculating single commutation offset Δ θ, wherein N is the target frequency; and acquiring a current phase-shifting value, controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the phase of the current phase-shifting value, and measuring a complex transmission signal between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in the current phase-shifting state.
And the phase shifting value updating unit is used for returning to execute the operation of controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the current phase shifting value after updating the current phase shifting value according to the single commutation offset delta theta until N complex transmission signals are obtained through measurement.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the calibration control module 340 may include:
an initial amplitude-phase distribution calculation unit for calculating, according to the formula:
calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution B of the mth antenna channel based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm m 。
And the initial phase value calculation unit is used for acquiring initial phase values corresponding to the antenna channels respectively according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
And the phase difference calculation unit is used for calculating the phase difference between the initial phase value of each antenna channel and the target calibration phase value respectively.
And the antenna channel calibration unit is used for controlling each antenna channel to perform phase shift processing according to the phase difference matched with the antenna channel so as to realize the calibration of the phased array antenna.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the method may further include: a calibration verification unit to:
after the phased array antenna is calibrated according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel, sequentially opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, and constructing a calibration effect verification image through a complex transmission signal between each opened antenna channel and a probe so as to verify the calibration effect; and simultaneously, opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, measuring in a near field or a far field through a probe to obtain a far field pattern of the phased array antenna, and verifying the calibration effect based on the comparison result of the measured far field pattern and a preset standard far field pattern.
The calibration device for the phased array antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can execute the calibration method for the phased array antenna provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
Example four
FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of an electronic device 10 that may be used to implement an embodiment of the invention. Electronic devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a Read Only Memory (ROM) 12, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 13, and the like, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the processor 11 may perform various suitable actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 13. In the RAM 13, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic apparatus 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM 12, and the RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input/output (I/O) interface 15 is also connected to bus 14.
A number of components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I/O interface 15, including: an input unit 16 such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit 17 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 18 such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 19 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.
Processor 11 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various dedicated Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, and so forth. The processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as a method of calibrating a phased array antenna.
That is, the method includes:
sequentially acquiring a current processing antenna channel from a phased array antenna to be detected;
controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out average phase shift processing of target times, and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state;
returning to execute the operation of sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be detected until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed;
and calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
In some embodiments, a method of calibrating a phased array antenna may be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the electronic device 10 via the ROM 12 and/or the communication unit 19. One or more steps of a method of calibrating a phased array antenna as described above may be performed when the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to perform a method of calibration of a phased array antenna by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), system on a chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, receiving data and instructions from, and transmitting data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
A computer program for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be performed. A computer program can execute entirely on a machine, partly on a machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on a machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on a remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which a user may provide input to the electronic device. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the internet.
The computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical host and VPS service are overcome.
EXAMPLE five
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a calibration system of a phased array antenna according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the calibration system includes: a phased array antenna 510 to be tested, a central control device 520, a probe 530, a motion control component 540 and a vector network analyzer 550;
the central control device 520 is respectively connected to each antenna channel of the phased array antenna 510 to be tested, the probe 530 and the motion control component 540, the probe 530 is further connected to the vector network analyzer 550, and the probe 530 is disposed on the motion control component 540.
The motion control component 540 is configured to drive the probe to align to different antenna channels to perform measurement of complex transmission signals in response to a motion control instruction of the central control device.
The central control device 520 is configured to perform a calibration method of the phased array antenna;
the vector network analyzer 550 is configured to record and visually display the complex transmission signal measured by the probe.
Optionally, the motion control assembly 540 is in a two-dimensional coordinate system shape, and is configured to fix the probe and drive the probe to align with different antenna channels, so as to implement measurement of the complex transmission signal.
Optionally, the probe 530 is disposed on the motion control assembly 540, and is used for measuring multiple transmission signals of different antenna channels.
The central control device 520 may be configured to perform a calibration method for a phased array antenna.
The vector network analyzer 550 is configured to perform visual display on the measured complex transmission signal.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the current processing antenna channel is selected, the complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state are measured, the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the pre-processing antenna channel is calculated according to the processing result, and the operation of sequentially acquiring the current processing antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be measured is returned to be executed until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed.
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired result of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of calibrating a phased array antenna, comprising:
sequentially acquiring a current processing antenna channel from a phased array antenna to be detected;
controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out average phase shift processing of target times, and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state;
returning to execute the operation of sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be detected until the measurement of all antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed;
and calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after sequentially acquiring the currently processed antenna channels in the phased array antenna under test, further comprising: controlling the current processing antenna channel to be normally opened;
and controlling other antenna channels in the phased array antenna to be opened, and setting target power attenuation values.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the currently processed antenna channel to perform an average phase shift processing for a target number of times and measuring a complex transmission signal between the currently processed antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state comprises:
according to the formula: Δ θ =360 °/N, and calculating single commutation offset Δ θ, wherein N is the target frequency;
obtaining a current phase value, wherein the current phase value is initialized to 0 °;
controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the phase of the current phase value, and measuring a complex transmission signal between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in the current phase shifting state;
and after updating the current phase-shifting value according to the single phase-shifting offset delta theta, returning to execute the operation of controlling the current processing antenna channel to shift the phase of the current phase-shifting value until N complex transmission signals are obtained through measurement.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein calculating an initial amplitude-phase distribution for each antenna channel based on the complex transmission signal between each antenna channel and the probe at the respective phase-shifted states comprises:
according to the formula:
calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution B of the mth antenna channel based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm m ；
Wherein, P im And N is the target times of complex transmission signals between the mth antenna channel and the probe after the ith average phase shift.
5. A method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel comprises:
acquiring initial phase values corresponding to the antenna channels respectively according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of the antenna channels;
respectively calculating the phase difference between the initial phase value of each antenna channel and the target calibration phase value;
and controlling each antenna channel to perform phase shift processing according to the phase difference matched with the antenna channel so as to realize the calibration of the phased array antenna.
6. A method according to any of claims 1-3, further comprising, after calibrating the phased array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel:
sequentially opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, and constructing a calibration effect verification image through a complex transmission signal between the opened antenna channel and the probe every time so as to verify the calibration effect;
and simultaneously, opening each antenna channel of the phased array antenna, and obtaining a far field directional diagram of the phased array antenna through near field or far field measurement so as to verify the calibration effect based on the comparison result of the measured far field directional diagram and a preset standard far field directional diagram.
7. A calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna, comprising:
the current processing antenna channel acquisition module is used for sequentially acquiring a current processing antenna channel from a phased array antenna to be detected;
the complex transmission signal measurement module is used for controlling the current processing antenna channel to carry out average phase shift processing of target times and measuring complex transmission signals between the current processing antenna channel and the probe in each phase shift state;
the repeated execution module is used for returning and executing the operation of sequentially obtaining the antenna channels currently processed in the phased array antenna to be tested until the measurement of all the antenna channels in the phased array antenna is completed;
and the calibration control module is used for calculating the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel according to the complex transmission signals between each antenna channel and the probe in each phase-shifting state, and calibrating the phased-array antenna according to the initial amplitude-phase distribution of each antenna channel.
8. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of calibrating a phased array antenna of any of claims 1-6.
9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a processor to execute a method of calibrating a phased array antenna according to any of claims 1-6.
10. A calibration system of a phased array antenna is characterized in that the phased array antenna to be tested, a central control device, a probe, a motion control assembly and a vector network analyzer are arranged;
the central control equipment is respectively connected with each antenna channel in the phased array antenna to be tested, the probe and the motion control assembly, the probe and the phased array antenna are also connected with the vector network analyzer, and the probe is arranged on the motion control assembly;
the motion control assembly is used for responding to a motion control instruction of the central control equipment and driving the probe to be aligned to different antenna channels so as to realize measurement of complex transmission signals;
the central control device for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-6;
and the vector network analyzer is used for recording and visually displaying the measured complex transmission signals.
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