CN115541997B - A method to improve the matching degree between the broadening line and the compression line of Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system - Google Patents
A method to improve the matching degree between the broadening line and the compression line of Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于深空探测技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种提高Chirp变换频谱分析仪系统展宽线与压缩线匹配度的方法，该方法包括：步骤1)搭建Chirp变换频谱分析仪系统；步骤2)获得压缩脉冲的两个关键参数与展宽线调频斜率的关系图；步骤3)根据压缩脉冲的两关键参数与展宽线调频斜率的关系图，确定该Chirp变换频谱分析仪系统内全频带内的单频点最优匹配的展宽线调频斜率；压缩脉冲的两关键参数为压缩脉冲的主瓣带宽和峰值旁瓣比；步骤4)选取预先设定的频率间隔步长，改变被测信号频率，重复上述步骤2)‑步骤3)，直至确定每一个单频点最优匹配的展宽线调频斜率；步骤5)根据各个单频点最优匹配的展宽线调频斜率，确定该系统全频带内最优匹配斜率。
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep space detection, and in particular, relates to a method for improving the matching degree of a broadening line and a compression line of a Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system. The method comprises: step 1) building a Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system; step 2) obtaining a relationship diagram between two key parameters of a compressed pulse and a broadening line frequency modulation slope; step 3) determining a broadening line frequency modulation slope of optimal matching of a single frequency point in a full frequency band of the Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system according to the relationship diagram between the two key parameters of the compressed pulse and the broadening line frequency modulation slope; the two key parameters of the compressed pulse are a main lobe bandwidth and a peak-to-sidelobe ratio of the compressed pulse; step 4) selecting a preset frequency interval step, changing the frequency of a measured signal, and repeating the above steps 2)-3) until the broadening line frequency modulation slope of optimal matching of each single frequency point is determined; and step 5) determining the optimal matching slope of the system in the full frequency band according to the broadening line frequency modulation slope of optimal matching of each single frequency point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of deep space detection and fine spectrum detection and Chirp transformation spectrum analyzers, and particularly relates to a method for improving matching degree of a broadening line and a compression line of a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system.
Background
A spectrum analyzer system based on Chirp transformation can analyze signals with instantaneous larger bandwidth, has high sensitivity and can distinguish signals with small frequency interval. Moreover, the spectrum analyzer system based on Chirp transformation has the advantages of low power consumption, small volume, light weight, strong anti-interference capability, high stability and the like, and has comprehensive advantages in the fields of deep space exploration, radioastronomy and the like. In 2004, the probe satellite Rosetta emitted by the european space agency, the onboard Chirp transformation spectrometer MIRO (Microwave Instrument ROSETTA Orbiter, MIRO) studied the Comet67P Comet structure of Comet, successfully analyzing H 2O、N2 and several isotopes of water. In 2010, the project of SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy, SOFIA) by the cooperation of the national space agency and the German space agency was examined and studied for the constitution of the planetary surface and the atmosphere, the interplanetary material, and the like, by measuring the molecular spectrum of the high altitude using a boeing 747 aircraft equipped with a Chirp transform spectrometer. It is expected that the Jupiter ice detector JUICE emitted in 2022 will also use Chirp transform spectrometer to perform precise spectrum detection on SO 2, naCl, SO, etc. The existing Chirp transformation spectrometer with the bandwidth of 40MHz and the resolution of 40kHz is applied to the observation of water pulse sources of 13.7m radio telescope and 25m radio telescope. In recent years, researchers have paid great attention to the outstanding advantages of a Chirp transformation spectrometer in the field of deep space exploration, but the resolution, the main side lobe level ratio and other key performance parameters of the existing Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system still have great gaps with theoretical values, and cannot meet the requirements of deep space exploration application.
Currently, a spectrum analyzer system based on Chirp transformation mainly consists of two parts, namely a broadening line and a compression line. The spreading line is the device that generates the first multiplied Chirp signal and is typically digitally generated, and the device for convolution is the compression line, typically consisting of a SAW chirped dispersion delay line. The slopes of the stretching line and the compressing line must be the same and opposite in direction, so that the compressed pulse signal containing the spectral information of the detected signal can be correctly generated. The time node of the pulse signal is related to the frequency information of the input signal, and the frequency spectrum analysis of the measured signal is completed through the measurement of the distribution of the pulse signal on the time axis.
In the prior art, the widening line and the compression line are difficult to be matched accurately, so that the main lobe of the compressed pulse waveform is too wide, the side lobe level is high, and the key performance parameters such as the frequency resolution of the system, the dynamic range and the like can be greatly different.
The reason why the widening line and the compressing line are difficult to be precisely matched is mainly as follows:
1. The SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave ) compressed line device has the problems that the dispersion slope K is not a standard reference value and is not equal to a specific value, and is not equal everywhere in the bandwidth. The phase bias caused by SAW filters results in a non-optimal compression result for the system when the slopes of the stretched and compressed lines are "equal".
2. In the generation of the broadening line, the Chirp signal power, bandwidth and the like directly generated by DAC (Digital to analog converter) do not meet the design requirement of the system, and an analog device is added to improve the Chirp signal, but more variables are introduced at the same time, so that the system is more complex. On the one hand, the phase mismatch of the analog device can make the dispersion slope of the broadening line appear the same as that of the compressed line, namely the dispersion slope of the broadening line is the same everywhere in the bandwidth, and the matching of the broadening line and the compressed line is more difficult. On the other hand, the response of the analog device under different frequencies is inconsistent, so that the dispersion slope deviation of the widened line in different frequency bands is larger, and the phenomenon that the compression results of different frequency bands are larger in difference can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the matching degree of a broadened line and a compressed line of a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) building a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system;
Step 2) obtaining a relation diagram of two key parameters of the compressed pulse and the frequency modulation slope of the broadening line;
Step 3) according to a relation diagram of two key parameters of the compressed pulse and the broadening line frequency modulation slope, determining the broadening line frequency modulation slope optimally matched with a single frequency point in a full frequency band in the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system, wherein the two key parameters of the compressed pulse are the main lobe bandwidth and peak sidelobe ratio of the compressed pulse;
step 4) selecting a preset frequency interval step length, changing the frequency of the detected signal, and repeating the steps 2) -3) until the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of each single frequency point is determined;
And 5) determining the optimal matching slope in the whole frequency band of the system according to the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of each single frequency point.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system includes a widening line, a multiplier and a compression line;
the broadening line is used for generating a Chirp signal and inputting the Chirp signal to the multiplier;
The multiplier is used for multiplying the signal to be tested and the Chirp signal and inputting the product signal into the compression line;
The compression line is used for carrying out convolution operation on the product signal to realize pulse compression and obtain the frequency spectrum of the signal to be tested, and the duration of the impulse response of the compression line is half of the duration of the Chirp signal.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the bandwidth of the signal to be tested is less than or equal to 400MHz.
As one of the improvements of the technical scheme, the broadening line is a circuit formed by serially connecting a signal generator, a filter, a mixer, a first filter bank, an attenuator, an amplifier and a second filter bank, wherein,
The signal generator is used for generating a Chirp signal with the frequency of 0.6-1.4 GHz;
the filter is used for filtering harmonic signals generated by the signal generator and connecting output signals to the radio frequency end of the mixer;
The mixer is used for carrying out up-conversion on an output signal of the filter and a 1.4GHz local oscillation signal input by the local oscillation end, and the frequency of the output signal is 2.0-2.8 GHz;
The first filter bank comprises a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and is used for filtering other variable frequency signals mixed in the output signals of the mixer and signals of the input end of the variable frequency signals;
the attenuator is used for attenuating the output signal after passing through the first filter bank and inputting the output signal into the amplifier;
the amplifier is used for amplifying the output signal of the attenuator and does not exceed a 1dB compression point, so that the amplifying process does not enter a nonlinear region;
the second filter bank comprises a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and is used for filtering clutter from signals output by the amplifier to obtain Chirp signals with 800MHz bandwidth.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the signal generator is an analog-to-digital converter.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the compression line is a SAW filter with 400MHz bandwidth and 10 μs dispersion time, and is preferably a SAW chirped dispersion delay line.
As one of the improvements of the above technical solutions, the center frequency range of the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system is 500MHz to 5GHz, and the bandwidth is 100MHz to 2GHz.
As an improvement of the foregoing technical solution, the step 2) specifically includes:
inputting a specific frequency signal, continuously changing the broadening line frequency modulation slope, recording a plurality of broadening line frequency modulation slope values, recording two key parameter values of a main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and a peak sidelobe ratio of corresponding compressed pulses, obtaining two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of a plurality of groups of compressed pulses, and drawing a relation diagram of the two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope of the compressed pulses, namely a relation diagram between the main lobe bandwidth and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the compressed pulses and a relation diagram between the peak sidelobe ratio and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the compressed pulses according to the two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the obtained plurality of groups of compressed pulses.
As an improvement of the foregoing technical solution, the step 3) specifically includes:
Finding the broadening line frequency modulation slope corresponding to the point with the minimum width of the main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and the maximum peak sidelobe ratio in the compression result based on the relation of the two key parameters changing along with the variation of the broadening line frequency modulation slope according to the relation graph of the two key parameters of the compressed pulse and the broadening line frequency modulation slope, and taking the broadening line frequency modulation slope as the broadening line frequency modulation slope optimally matched with a single frequency point in the whole frequency band in the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system, wherein the two key parameters of the compressed pulse are the main lobe bandwidth and the peak sidelobe ratio of the compressed pulse.
As an improvement of the foregoing technical solution, the step 5) specifically includes:
The found optimal matched broadening line frequency modulation slope of each frequency point is accumulated, and then the average is carried out to obtain the optimal matching slope mu opt in the whole frequency band of the system:
mu i is the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of the ith single frequency point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The method is simple, easy to operate, and is applicable to the design of a Chirp conversion spectrum analyzer system with large bandwidth and high frequency, and only needs to change the frequency modulation slope of a DAC to generate a Chirp signal without changing the structure of a circuit and improving a SAW linear frequency modulation dispersion filter;
2. The method adjusts the dispersion slope of the broadening line by obtaining the optimal value of the dispersion slope of the broadening line so as to improve the matching degree of the broadening line and the compression line and improve the performance of the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of improving the match of a broadened line to a compressed line of a Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram of a Chirp transform spectrum analyzer system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of two key parameters of a compressed pulse;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the width of the main lobe of the compressed pulse-4 dB and the peak sidelobe ratio as a function of the dispersion slope of the broadening line when the measured signal is at 2 GHz;
fig. 5 is a graph of the dispersion slope of the optimal broadening line for each frequency point in a Chirp spread spectrum analyzer system.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for improving the matching degree of a broadening line and a compression line of a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system. The method is based on a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system with large bandwidth and high frequency, the method for generating the broadening lines in an original analog mode is not applicable due to the larger bandwidth, and the broadening lines are generated by using a digital method, so that the matching method of the original broadening lines and the compressed lines is not applicable. The method aims to match the broadening line and the compression line to the greatest extent and improve the frequency resolution and the dynamic range of the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system.
The method comprises the following steps:
building a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system;
In the full frequency band, determining the broadening line frequency modulation slope of each single frequency point, and matching the optimal broadening line frequency modulation slope with each single frequency point;
and obtaining the optimal matching frequency modulation slope value of the Chirp transformation spectrometer system according to the optimal matching frequency modulation slope of the broadening line matched with each single frequency point of the full-band in the band.
As shown in fig. 1, the method specifically includes:
step 101), constructing a Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system;
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system comprises a widening line, a multiplier and a compression line;
the broadening line is used for generating a Chirp signal and inputting the Chirp signal to the multiplier;
The multiplier is used for multiplying the signal to be tested and the Chirp signal and inputting the product signal into the compression line;
The compression line is used for carrying out convolution operation on the product signal to realize pulse compression and obtain the frequency spectrum of the signal to be tested, and the duration of the impulse response of the compression line is half of the duration of the Chirp signal.
Wherein the bandwidth of the signal to be tested is less than or equal to 400MHz.
Wherein the broadening line is a circuit formed by serially connecting a signal generator, a filter, a mixer, a first filter bank, an attenuator, an amplifier and a second filter bank,
The signal generator is used for generating a Chirp signal with the frequency of 0.6-1.4 GHz;
the filter is used for filtering harmonic signals generated by the signal generator and connecting output signals to the radio frequency end of the mixer;
The mixer is used for carrying out up-conversion on an output signal of the filter and a 1.4GHz local oscillation signal input by the local oscillation end, and the frequency of the output signal is 2.0-2.8 GHz;
The first filter bank comprises a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and is used for filtering other variable frequency signals mixed in the output signals of the mixer and signals of the input end of the variable frequency signals;
the attenuator is used for attenuating the output signal after passing through the first filter bank and inputting the output signal into the amplifier;
the amplifier is used for amplifying the output signal of the attenuator and does not exceed a 1dB compression point, so that the amplifying process does not enter a nonlinear region;
the second filter bank comprises a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and is used for filtering clutter from signals output by the amplifier to obtain Chirp signals with 800MHz bandwidth.
Wherein the signal generator is an analog-to-digital converter.
The compression line is a surface acoustic wave filter with 400MHz bandwidth and 10 mu s dispersion time, and is preferably a SAW linear frequency modulation dispersion delay line.
Wherein, the central frequency range of the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system is 500MHz to 5GHz, and the bandwidth is 100MHz to 2GHz.
Step 102) obtaining a relation diagram of two key parameters of a compressed pulse and a broadening line frequency modulation slope;
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, two key parameters of the compressed pulse are a main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and a peak side lobe ratio of the compressed pulse, wherein the-4 dB width of the main lobe is that a main lobe peak value of the compressed pulse is acquired in one compression period, pulse duration tau at the-4 dB position of the main lobe peak value is calculated, and the peak side lobe ratio is that the main lobe peak value of the compressed pulse is acquired in one compression period, a maximum side lobe peak value near the main lobe is acquired, and the ratio of the main lobe peak value to the maximum side lobe peak value is calculated.
Inputting a specific frequency signal, continuously changing the broadening line frequency modulation slope, recording a plurality of broadening line frequency modulation slope values, recording two key parameter values of a main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and a peak sidelobe ratio of corresponding compressed pulses, obtaining two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of a plurality of groups of compressed pulses, and drawing a relation chart of the two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope of the compressed pulses, namely a relation chart between the main lobe bandwidth and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the compressed pulses and a relation chart between the peak sidelobe ratio and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the compressed pulses according to the two key parameters and the broadening line frequency modulation slope values of the obtained plurality of groups of compressed pulses, as shown in fig. 4.
Step 103) according to a relation diagram of two key parameters of the compressed pulse and the broadening line frequency modulation slope, determining the broadening line frequency modulation slope optimally matched with a single frequency point in a full frequency band in the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system, wherein the two key parameters of the compressed pulse are the main lobe bandwidth and peak sidelobe ratio of the compressed pulse;
Specifically, according to a relation diagram of two key parameters of a compressed pulse and a broadening line frequency modulation slope, finding the broadening line frequency modulation slope corresponding to a point with the minimum width of a main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and the maximum peak side lobe ratio in a compression result based on the relation that the two key parameters change along with the variation of the broadening line frequency modulation slope, and taking the broadening line frequency modulation slope as the broadening line frequency modulation slope optimally matched with a single frequency point in a full frequency band in the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system, wherein the two key parameters of the compressed pulse are the main lobe bandwidth and the peak side lobe ratio of the compressed pulse. Step 104) selecting a preset frequency interval step length, changing the frequency of the detected signal, and repeating the steps 2) -3) until the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of each single frequency point is determined, wherein in the embodiment, the bandwidth of the chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system is 400MHz, and the frequency interval step length is 50MHz.
Step 105), determining the optimal matching slope in the whole frequency band of the system according to the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of each single frequency point.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the optimal slope in the whole frequency band of the system is the average value of the optimal frequency modulation slope of each frequency point.
Specifically, the found optimal matched broadening line frequency modulation slope of each frequency point is accumulated, and then the average is carried out to obtain the optimal matching slope mu opt in the whole frequency band of the system:
mu i is the optimal matching broadening line frequency modulation slope of the ith single frequency point.
Example 1.
The method comprises the steps of generating initial waveform data by using matlab, transmitting the data to an FPGA through a serial port, transmitting FPGA control data to a signal generator DAC, generating a Chirp signal, achieving the requirement of a mixer on a local oscillator end through an amplifying, filtering, frequency doubling and amplifying analog circuit, forming a widening line, inputting the widening line to a multiplier, multiplying a signal to be tested by the multiplier, inputting a product signal to a compression line (SAW linear frequency modulation dispersion filter), carrying out convolution operation on the product signal by the compression line, realizing pulse compression, and obtaining a frequency spectrum of the signal to be tested, wherein the duration of the impulse response of the compression line is half that of the Chirp signal.
The bandwidth of the Chirp transformation spectrum analyzer system is 400MHz, the center frequency is 2GHz, a measured signal of 2GHz is input, an ADC (analog to digital converter) acquisition system is used for compressing pulses, the main lobe-4 dB bandwidth and the peak side lobe ratio of the compressed pulses are calculated through matlab, and the broadening line frequency modulation slope and the two key parameter values are recorded. Changing the gradient of the broadening line frequency modulation, the interval is 0.001MHz/us, repeatedly collecting the compressed pulse, calculating two key parameters, and generating a relation diagram of the two key parameters and the gradient of the broadening line frequency modulation respectively, as shown in figure 4.
According to the relation diagram of two key parameters and the frequency modulation slope of the broadening line, finding out the point with the minimum main lobe-4 dB and the highest peak sidelobe ratio, determining that the nearby point is also near to the optimal point, and determining that the frequency modulation slope of the broadening line is near 39.95MHz/us when the measured signal is 2GHz, wherein the frequency modulation slope is 39.950MHz/us.
In this embodiment, the bandwidth of the Chirp spectrum analyzer system is 400MHz, and an optimal frequency modulation slope of the system at each frequency point is measured by using a frequency interval of 50MHz, and an optimal broadening line frequency modulation slope map of each frequency point is made, as shown in fig. 5. The average value of the optimal frequency modulation slope of each frequency point is used as the optimal frequency modulation slope value in the frequency band of the system, and the frequency modulation slope is 39.943MHz/us as the optimal slope matching of the system.
The method of the invention improves the matching degree of the system by adjusting the broadening line frequency modulation slope based on the relation between the broadening line frequency modulation slope and the compression result. The method is simple and easy to operate, only the frequency modulation slope of the Chirp signal generated by the DAC is required to be changed, the structure of the circuit is not required to be changed, the SAW linear frequency modulation dispersion filter is not required to be improved, and the method is very suitable for the design of a Chirp conversion spectrum analyzer with large bandwidth and high frequency.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
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| CN1226006A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-08-18 | 株式会社爱德万测试 | Measuring method using spectrum analyzer |
| CN109490852A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2019-03-19 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of chirp pulse signal chirp rate polarity determination method |
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| US20100046560A1 (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2010-02-25 | Jian Liu | Dispersion managed fiber stretcher and compressor for high energy/power femtosecond fiber laser |
| CN105242244B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-03-06 | 北京中讯四方科技股份有限公司 | A kind of small time-bandwidth product and low time sidelobe surface acoustic wave compressed lines |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1226006A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-08-18 | 株式会社爱德万测试 | Measuring method using spectrum analyzer |
| CN109490852A (en) * | 2017-09-10 | 2019-03-19 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of chirp pulse signal chirp rate polarity determination method |
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