CN1155354A - Planar Antenna Array and Its Microstrip Radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

The planar antenna array of the present invention is designed as a multi-layer structure, with each layer arranged in an upper and lower position. It includes the following elements: a dielectric protective cover plate (1) having a reflective element on its inner surface; a conductive plate (5) having a plurality of radiation holes (4); a dielectric plate (9) on which an excitation element and two feeding systems are arranged, and used to receive/transmit different polarization signals; and a shielding layer (7). The planar antenna array is also equipped with an output waveguide arranged in the center, which has two pairs of output probes, a microstrip transmission element including a conductive plate with radiation holes, a dielectric plate on which the excitation element is mounted, and a shielding plate.

Description

Planar Antenna Array and Its Microstrip Radiator

Technical field

The present invention relates to radio technology, microwave technology and antenna feeding device, in particular to a microstrip antenna array for directly receiving satellite TV. Work is currently underway to develop planar antennas compatible with modern radio electronics for direct reception of satellite television. The antenna has an efficiency greater than 0.7 when the aperture is 15-30 wavelengths, can work in a frequency band of 10% or less, and has dual linear polarization and circular polarization. In addition, the antenna should also have the advantages of simple structure, small thickness, high manufacturing process, repeatability of external dimensions and parameters, and low cost.

Current state of the art

Microstrip antennas for obtaining dual polarization are well known, which have a dielectric plate plated with a shielding (ground) metal layer on one side and printed on the other side with radiating elements for dual polarization and their feed system (see references 1, 2, 3).

The advantage of this antenna is its simple structure; the feed system for the dual-polarized radiators is arranged on the surface of the dielectric plate without intersections.

The disadvantage of this antenna is that the internal friction of the feed system is large. In addition, in the antenna structure introduced in literature (1, 2), the output terminals of each feed system of the radiator are set at different positions on the dielectric board, so, for dual-polarized signals, it is impossible to use a common input converter. In the antenna structure of (Document 3), there is a common output to receive two kinds of polarizations, but the feed system is a series circuit, so when the aperture size D=20, it is practically impossible to apply this antenna— The frequency band is 5-7%, and the efficiency is 60% to directly receive satellite TV.

Therefore, these antennas are limited in their use in satellite television systems due to their narrow frequency bands and poor ellipticity.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is a planar antenna array suitable for receiving satellite television signals with two linear polarizations. It consists of a dielectric cover plate and two conductive plates with multiple radiation holes arranged at a specified distance; two dielectric plates (one with a feed system for receiving a vertical linearly polarized signal, and the other A feeding system for receiving another horizontal linear polarization signal is arranged on one piece); shielding layer; feeding system (including a pair of orthogonal (right-angle cross) probes, which are electromagnetically coupled with the radiation hole on the conductive plate) element); the power distribution element and the output probe connected to the common output of a fabricated waveguide. In the case where the low-noise element (converter) for electronic polarization conversion is connected to the antenna through an input waveguide with a circular cross-section, a polarized signal can be received when a voltage of a certain value is applied to the converter. Applying a voltage of another value enables reception of orthogonally polarized signals (Document 4). However, the antenna of this structure must meet the following conditions: there must be a perforated metal plate separating these plates; four gaskets or other supports made of materials with low dielectric permeability can be placed between the perforated metal plates. Two dielectric plates with mutually orthogonal radiators and their feed systems are arranged between them. The number of layers of these antennas is not less than 8 to 10, including the protective cover, the shell, the dielectric plate with the feed system, the conductive plate with holes, and the shielding plate. Furthermore, in the prototype, in order to avoid diffraction lobes of the structure, the radiators should be arranged at a spacing of 0.9 of the wavelength in free space, and, in the case of antenna aperture D=20, the circuit power distribution from the input to the radiator The number of devices is not less than 8. This will result in considerable losses. In addition, since the dielectric plate is placed at different distances from the upper conductive plate with radiation holes and the lower screen plate with holes, the conditions for exciting the radiation holes by the excitation elements of one plate are different from those for excitation by the excitation elements of the other plate. Orthogonal polarization conditions are not the same and thus will not be optimal. Especially when receiving right or left circularly polarized signals. Therefore, the output probes will also be set at different distances. In order to obtain circularly polarized signals, in the antenna structure of literature (11), the orthogonal hybrid connection method is applied: it can be done directly on the dielectric board, but because the distance between the dielectric boards is not the same, it is required to Add new structural elements to the system; or use them on the antenna output, which also requires new structural elements, and it is difficult to set the common output end of the antenna at the center of the antenna array to reduce the number of radiators. In addition, the loss of the orthogonal hybrid connection is 0.2-0.5 decibels. At the same time, due to the appearance of frequency-dependent components, the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized antenna array will be limited.

According to the invention, the task of developing a planar antenna array for receiving signals with different polarizations is addressed. This antenna array requires simple structure, reliability, high production technology, and low cost, while maintaining high efficiency in a wide frequency band. In order to achieve the above purpose, the following measures can be taken: reduce the number of applications of antenna array radiating elements by introducing a new structural element—reflecting element (i.e. an additional reflector of the reverse radiation antenna); Two excitation element feed systems with parallel feed systems are simultaneously arranged on one surface of a dielectric plate. Arranging reverse radiating antennas with a distance of 2, 3 between the centers of each excitation element can simplify the configuration work, reduce the number of T-shaped branches, and obtain a universal feed system that can be used for different polarized signals. Various planar antenna designs with different parameters can be produced with this universal feed system, which differ only in the shape of the circularly or linearly polarized excitation elements.

The proposed purpose can be achieved by the following methods: In the planar antenna array with different polarizations, the dielectric holding cover plate, the conductive plate with multiple radiating holes, the dielectric plate and the shielding plate, which are arranged at a specified distance, are included, and for different polarizations The signal has an excitation element with a corresponding output, two feed systems for receiving/transmitting signals with different polarizations (including the feed element and the output probe arranged in the common output, the output probe is placed in the center of the antenna array , in the shape of a waveguide). In the antenna array, a reflective element array is arranged on the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover plate, and the latter is correspondingly arranged above the radiation hole of the conductive plate; the dielectric plate is located between the shielding plate and the conductive plate, and has The excitation element at the output end of the signal and the two feed systems for receiving/transmitting different polarized signals are arranged on the side of the dielectric plate where the conductors do not intersect. Each feed circuit has a pair of coaxial output probes, and each output probe Arranged orthogonally on the cross-section of the output waveguide, the symmetry axis of the coaxial output probe is the center of the waveguide. Half of the excitation element is connected to one of the pair of coaxial output probes of the corresponding feed circuit with its corresponding output end; the other half of the excitation element is also connected to the above-mentioned pair of coaxial output probes of the feed circuit with its corresponding output end. Connect to the other of the output probes. The excitation element of the feed circuit is a circular polarization element, and its output port corresponds to the left and right circular polarization. Several pairs of coaxial output probes are used to receive/transmit the corresponding left and right circular polarization. Press between the output probes The equally distributed cross-sectional area of the waveguide is used for receiving/transmitting linear polarization, while the remaining area of the cross-section is used for receiving/transmitting elliptical polarization, with an ellipticity of 0 to 1. In particular, the circularly polarized element preferably consists of a pair of orthogonal probes, a return wire disposed diagonally thereto and electrically coupled thereto, and a conductive strip. The distance between the conductive strip and the intersection point of the axis of the orthogonal probe must not be greater than two tenths of the wavelength, and it must be arranged perpendicular to the diagonal loop. The excitation element can also be configured as two right-angle probes, in which case the coaxial contact pair will be used to receive/transmit vertically and horizontally polarized signals. It is reasonable to form each reflective element on the inner surface of the dielectric protection plate (which can be regarded as an additional reflector of each retroradiating antenna) as a group of symmetrically arranged rectangular conductive plates. The dielectric protection cover plate is preferably placed at a distance of 0.4-0.6 wavelength from the surface of the conductive plate with multiple radiation holes. The shielding plate is preferably made with pits, and the pits are distributed under the radiation holes of the conductive plate, and form resonance when the radiation holes of the conductive plate are excited. It is reasonable to make some partition walls and conductive strips on the outer surface of the conductive plate and the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover. They divide the two surfaces into several small grids. aligned while each reflective element on the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover is placed in a corresponding cell on that surface. It is preferable to make flanges of various shapes (such as square, triangle, sector, circle, etc. as shown in FIG. 9 ) at the corners of each cell of the conductive plate.

It is reasonable to make bosses on the reflective and conductive plates to hold the dielectric plates.

The analysis of the technical level, including the search of patents and scientific literature related to this patent application, can prove that the applicant has not invented any technical measures that have the same essential features as this patent application.

According to the specifications of many samples that have been checked, all the essential special features in the patent application described in the claims of the present invention can be ascertained. Accordingly, the claimed invention meets the legally prescribed "novelty" requirement.

In antennas with two polarizations (Documents 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15), it is known to arrange two feed systems on one side of a dielectric plate without crossing. However, in the structures (Documents 2, 3, 13, 14, 15), the output terminals of each system are arranged at different positions on the panel, therefore, it is impossible to apply a conversion with a common input for dual-polarized signals device. In the structure (Documents 4, 5, 13), the excitation elements of the feed system are connected in series, so the possibility of its application in the antenna directly receiving satellite TV (frequency range 5-7%, efficiency 60%) can be ruled out .

Regarding the application of the array of reflective elements to the inner surface of the protective cover of the dielectric plate (the reflective elements are correspondingly placed above the emission holes of the conductive plate), and in the case of a common output terminal (placed at the center of the antenna array), an excitation There are no known reports of the peculiarities of simultaneously placing two feed systems on one side of a dielectric plate with elements in series for different polarizations (elliptical, bicircular and/or bifilar). The patent applicant also has no known information about the features of the dependent claims 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 of the present invention.

Therefore, the following conclusions can be drawn: the proposed technical solution meets the level of "invention level".

     Summary of attached drawings

Fig. 1 represents the rectangular projection of a planar antenna array made according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a section view of a planar antenna array made according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows the shape of a section (facing the excitation element side) of the reflective element (additional reflector);

Figure 4 shows a section of the feed system (dielectric plate) for an antenna array with circular polarization;

Fig. 5 represents the microstrip radiator with double circular polarization of excitation element;

Figure 6 shows a section of the feed system (dielectric plate) for an antenna array with bilinear polarization;

Fig. 7 represents the microstrip radiator that exciter element-has two-wire chirp vibration;

Figure 8 shows the partition separating the reverse radiating antenna;

Figure 9 shows the shape of the flange on the corner of the retroradiating antenna;

Figure 10 shows a part of the inner surface of the protective cover, on which additional radiators are arranged and separated into small grids by conductive strips;

Fig. 11 shows the waveguide output hole with the output probe at the bottom of a section of the antenna array;

Fig. 12 represents the relationship curve of the antenna amplification factor in each frequency range (curve 1 is for the right circularly polarized signal; curve 2 is for the left circularly polarized signal);

Fig. 13 represents the relationship curve of the polarization results in each frequency range (curve 1-for the right circular polarization signal; curve 2-for the left circular polarization signal);

Fig. 14 represents the relationship curve of the antenna amplification factor in each frequency range (curve 1-for vertically polarized signals, curve 2-for horizontally polarized signals);

Fig. 15 shows the dependence of the degree of cross-polarized components in various frequency ranges (curve 1 - for vertically polarized signals, curve 2 - for horizontally polarized signals).

                       Preferred Implementation

A planar antenna array with various polarizations (Fig. 1, 2) includes a dielectric protection cover plate 1 installed at a specified distance, a shielding plate 7 with a cylindrical deep hole 8 and a conductive plate and a shielding plate 5, 7 arranged between Between the dielectric plate 9. The inner surface of the dielectric protection cover has a reflective element array 2, and each reflective element is formed into a group of symmetrically arranged rectangular conductive (metal) platforms 3, which are arranged above the corresponding radiation holes 4 of the conductive plate 5 (Fig. 1, 2). The conductive plate is fixed on the bracket 6, and keeps a distance of H=0.4～0.6 wavelength from the surface of the dielectric protection cover plate 1, thereby forming a reverse radiation antenna, and its additional reflector is the reflective element 2 of the above-mentioned array, and the main reflector It is the relevant area around the radiation hole 4 of the conductive plate 5. The shielding plate 7 is arranged below the radiation hole of the conductive plate 5 to form a resonator to excite the above-mentioned hole 4. The distance between the conductive plate and the shielding plate 5, 7 is specified. Corresponding bosses 10a, 10b are provided to fix the dielectric plate 9 .

On one side of the dielectric plate 9, the excitation element 11 (placed under the radiation hole 4 of the conductive plate 5 and generates electromagnetic coupling with it) and two feed circuits without conductor crossing for receiving/transmitting different polarized signals . Above-mentioned feeding circuit comprises feeding element (being multi-segment strip line 12 and power distributing element 13-T shape power branch circuit) and 4 output probes 14,15,16,17 (two coaxial output probes 14,15 are used for For one feed system, the other two coaxial output probes 16, 17 are used for another feed system). The output probe is arranged on the cross-section of the output waveguide 18 in the following manner, that is, the axes of each pair of output probes (14, 15 and 16, 17) are perpendicular, and the center of the waveguide 18 is the coaxial output probe (14, 15 and 16 , 17) the axis of symmetry. One half of the excitation element 11 is connected to a pair of output probes (such as 14, 16) of the corresponding feed circuit with its own corresponding output terminals for various polarization signals, and the other half is also connected to the corresponding feeder circuit with its own corresponding output terminals. The electrical circuit is connected to the other pair (15, 17) of the coaxial probes. The excitation element 11 and the feed element are symmetrically arranged with the waveguide 18, and the waveguide is located in the center of the planar antenna array, which is a common output end, and passes through the bottom cover 19 of the antenna array. The neutral position of the dielectric plate 9 is reserved for the bosses 10a, 10b on the conductive plate and the shielding plate 7 .

In order to manufacture antennas with various polarizations, the excitation element 11 is made into a circularly polarized element (as shown in FIG. 5 ), and its output terminals 25, 26 correspond to right and left circular polarization. Thus, in this antenna, on the dielectric plate 9 (FIG. 4), half of the excitation element 11, with its output corresponding to the right and left circularly polarized signals, passes through the feed element of the corresponding feed circuit, as described above. 12,13 are connected with the corresponding output probes (such as 16,14) of the system, and the other half of the excitation element 11 is also connected with two pairs of coaxial probes (14,15) through the feed elements 12,13 with its output ends 25,26. Connect with another pair (17,15) of 16,17), at this moment, this pair of coaxial output probes 16,17 just can be used for receiving/transmitting the corresponding right circularly polarized signal, another pair of coaxial output probes 14, 15 are used to receive/transmit corresponding left circularly polarized signals. The cross-sectional area of the waveguide 18 located on the equisector between the output probes 14, 15, 16, and 17 is used for receiving/transmitting linear polarization, and other areas on the cross-section are used for receiving/transmitting ellipticity from 0 to 1 for elliptical polarization.

The circularly polarized excitation element (FIG. 5) may consist of a pair of orthogonal probes 20, 21, a loop 22 and a strip 24. The length of the loop line I=0.35～0.45, arranged diagonally with the orthogonal probe, and electrically coupled with it, the strip length I=0.25～0.35, the distance d from the axis intersection point 23 of the probe 20, 21 is not greater than 0.2, with for the distribution of unavoidable peak currents and phase currents.

The interconnection between the orthogonal probes 20, 21 and the loops 22 and strips 24 of the above dimensions and the layout technique are such that when one probe is excited, the magnetic field in the other passive probe is, in peak terms, equal to the active The source probes are equal and shifted by a phase angle of about 90°. That is to say, the necessary conditions for completing circularly polarized wave excitation. In order to construct an antenna with one of the various polarizations, especially with a bilinear polarization, the excitation element 11 (Fig. 6) can be made as two orthogonal probes 27, 28 (Fig. 7) to receive/transmit the corresponding vertical and horizontal polarization. In this antenna, on the dielectric plate 9 (FIG. 10), half of the excitation elements are likewise connected with respective output terminals 29, 30 for vertical and horizontal polarization to corresponding output probes of each feed system, The other half of the excitation element is also connected to the output probes 17, 15 of each feed system with corresponding output terminals for vertical and horizontal polarization. At this time, two pairs of coaxial output probes (14, 15, and 16, 17 ) are suitable for receiving/transmitting the corresponding signals of vertical and horizontal linear polarization.

Preferably on the outer surface of the conductive plate 5 (Fig. 8) and the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover plate 1 (Fig. 10), a partition wall 31 made of a conductive material with a height of h=0.2～0.3 and a width of not more than 0.2 The conductive strip 32 with d=0.1～0.2 divides the two surfaces into several small grids 33, the center of which is aligned with the center of the corresponding emission hole, and at the same time, each reflective element 2 on the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover plate 1 is arranged on this In the corresponding cell 33 on the surface.

In order to increase the magnification factor, flanges in geometric shapes (such as square 34a, triangle 34b, sector 34c and circle 34d) are provided on the corners of each cell on the conductive plate.

In order to simplify the structure and improve manufacturability, the entire conductive plate with the partition wall 31 and the flange 34 can be made with two plates connected up and down with the corresponding radiation holes 4, and the partition wall 31 and the flange 34 can be made on the upper plate, On the lower plate, a boss 10a for fixing the dielectric plate is made.

It is also possible to use some other well-known methods without bosses to fix the dielectric plate 9 between the conductive plate and the shielding plates 5, 7. For example, the method of filling with foam material or the method of fixing with the convex body on the body of the dielectric plate can be adopted.

The antenna array works in the following way: We first analyze the antenna array emitter in the transmitting state. When a pair of coaxial output probes 14, 15 are excited, the signal passes through a section of microstrip line 12 and a power divider in a T-shaped branch. 13 enters the corresponding channel 26 of the excitation element 11. In the case where the excitation element 11 is made as a circularly polarized element ( FIG. 5 ), when the excitation probe 21 is fed through the channel 26 , the active probe excites the passive probe 20 via the diagonal loop 22 .

The auxiliary connection between the active probe 21 and the passive probe 20 is realized through the conductive strip 24 . The length of the diagonal return line 22 and the conductive strip 24 and the selection of the intersection distance between the conductive strip and the orthogonal excitation probe 20, 21 should meet the following conditions: when the excitation probe (active probe) 21 is feeding the excited probe 20 , the amplitude of the electric field vector excited by the probe 21 is approximately equal to the peak value of the electric field vector of the excited probe 20 (passive probe), and the vector phase difference is 90, thus a left circularly polarized wave is excited. And when the other pair of coaxial output probes 16, 17 are energized, probe 20 becomes active and probe 21 becomes passive. The electric field vector phase difference between the electric fields excited by these probes is -90, that is, a right circularly polarized wave is excited.

Circularly polarized waves can excite electromagnetic fields in the radiators of planar antenna arrays (reverse radiating antennas). The excitation of the electromagnetic field at the gap between the main reflectors is done by a conductive plate 5 with excitation holes 4 and an additional reflector arranged on the inner surface of the protective cover 1 .

Since a circularly polarized wave can be the sum of two linearly polarized quadrature signals with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90, each additional transmitter can be made into a symmetrical array of reflective elements such that each linearly polarized The conditions for the passage of the signals are all the same, so as to excite the electromagnetic field at the surface of the conductive platform 3 of the additional emitter and the gap between its edges. The dimensions a, b=(0.2-0.5) of the conductive platform 3 of the reflective element 2 (additional reflector), and the distance d=(0.1-0.3), the specific parameters are selected according to experiments. Thus, for a square-aperture antenna array with half a wavelength and two or three corresponding surfaces, the field on the radiating surface of each element (reverse radiating antenna) is close to equal amplitude and in phase.

Since the feeding system is made in parallel, all the excitation elements of the antenna array are in phase in a wide frequency band, the surface field of the antenna array is also in phase, and is close to equal amplitude, and the utilization ratio of the exposed surface is close to 1.

When the antenna is in the working state of receiving the left circularly polarized wave, considering the principle of interaction, the received reflected wave continuously excites the conductive (metal) platform 3 and its gap, the excitation hole 4, and the orthogonal excitation probe 20, 21 The electromagnetic field and current, then the signal enters a pair of coaxial output probes 14, 15 through a section of microstrip line 12 and power divider 13, and the output probe 14 is arranged on the half of the excitation element 11 at the same position of the antenna The signal is transmitted to the output probe 14 , and the signal on the other half of the excitation element arranged at the same position as the output probe 15 is transmitted to the output probe 15 .

When receiving a right circularly polarized wave, the signal passes through another feed system to excite another pair of coaxial output probes 17,16.

In addition to receiving dual circularly polarized signals, the proposed antenna can also be used to receive signals of various polarizations (linear polarization and elliptic polarization with ellipticity 0-1).

In order to obtain dual circular polarization, the following structure can be adopted: the excitation element is two mutually perpendicular probes 20, 21, and the loop 22 with a length of 0.35-0.45 mm that is electrically coupled to it is arranged on the diagonal of the two probes Above, the distance between the strip 24 with a length of 0.25-0.35 mm and the intersecting point 23 of the probes perpendicular to each other is not greater than 0.2, and is perpendicular to the loop, so as to obtain the necessary amplitude distribution and phase distribution.

Due to the mutual coupling between the orthogonal probes 20, 21 and the loop 22 and strip 24 selected in the above dimensions and this layout technique, when one probe is excited, the field in the other passive probe is the same as the active probe The fields in are equal in terms of peak values, and the phase shift angle is close to 90°, that is to say, the conditions necessary to excite circularly polarized waves can be met. When the excitation element is arranged by the layout technology of claim 3 and is placed on two output probes 16,17 feeding on a transverse axis of the output waveguide 18, the antenna receives (obtains) a circular polarization (such as the right circular pole When the other 2 output probes 14, 15, which are perpendicular to the above 2 probes, are fed, the antenna receives the left circular polarized wave. The excitation element 11 and the feed system on a dielectric plate 9 should make the proposed antenna structure more versatile than known antenna structures, capable of receiving signals of any polarization required.

If a single-channel converter is used to receive the signal, and the output probe of the converter is set on the plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the two output probes of the antenna, one of the dual circular polarization signals can be received. When a single-channel When the converter is rotated 90° about the longitudinal axis of the antenna output waveguide 18, another circularly polarized signal can be received. If the converter is arranged in such a way that the plane passing through the input probe of the converter does not pass through the output probes 14, 15 and 16, 17 of the antenna, the right and left circularly polarized signals (whose amplitude depends on Transducer input probe position).

If a field with left and right circular polarization is simultaneously received, it is well known (see A.L.Drobkin, V.L.Zuzenko, A.G.Kislov, "Antenna Feed Unit", Soviet Radio, 1974):

E _r ＝A _r e ^j(ωt+1) (1)

E ₁ ＝A ₁ e ^-j(ωt+2) (2) In the formula: E ₁ , E _r -respectively the electric field vectors of right and left rotation;

A ₁ , A _r - magnitude of the electric field vector;

 ₁ ,  ₂ - the initial phase of the electric field vector;

The parameters and inclination angle of the polarization ellipse are related to formula (1). $x=\frac{|A_r-\mathrm{al}|}{A_r-\mathrm{Al}}------\left(3\right)$ $\mathrm{\α}=\frac{{\mathrm{\φ}}_1+{\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{2}------\left(4\right)$

时，所接收的信号具有垂直极化。在可控波导极化镜装在天线与转换器之间的情况下，当极化平面定位于0°～135°，经过45°，天线可接收到任意极化(右圆的—垂直的—左圆的—水平的)信号，而在＝k45(式中k＝0，1，2，3)的截面上为椭圆极化，椭圆系数根据权利要求3之规定。在极化方向，这可与地球同步卫星上的发射天线和所提出的接收天线一致。并可在转换器的输入端获得最大信号。If the receiving probe of the converter is connected to the output probe along a diagonal line, in this case,  ₁ =45° and  ₂ =-45° of the antenna, the amplitude of the received signal _Ar =A ₁ . When X=0, that is to say, linear polarization, ellipse axis tilt angle , the polarization is horizontal. When the receiving probe is arranged along another diagonal,  ₁ =-45°,  ₂ =225°,

, the received signal has vertical polarization. When the controllable waveguide polarizing mirror is installed between the antenna and the converter, when the polarization plane is positioned at 0°～135°, after 45°, the antenna can receive any polarization (right circle—vertical— Left circle—horizontal) signal, and on the cross-section of =k45 (k=0,1,2,3 in the formula), it is elliptical polarization, and the elliptic coefficient is according to the regulation of claim 3. In the direction of polarization, this can be coincident with the transmit antenna on the geostationary satellite and the proposed receive antenna. And the maximum signal can be obtained at the input end of the converter.

In order to obtain a signal with dual linear polarization, the excitation element 2 only has probes 27, 28 (Fig. 27) perpendicular to each other. When a pair of coaxial output probes 14, 15 are excited, the signal passes through a section of microstrip line 12 and power The distributor 13, through the corresponding input 30 of the excitation element 11, enters one (28) of a pair of mutually orthogonal probes. The electric field vector excited by probe 28 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the probe. Since all the probes of the specified polarization are in the same orientation and the excitation is synchronous, the vector of the electric field excited (or formed) by the planar antenna array is, in terms of direction, the same as the longitudinal axis of the excitation probe 28, And the planar antenna array has a linear (eg vertical) polarization. At this time, the passive excitation probe 27 is orthogonal to the active excitation probe 28, and the probe 28 itself does not excite when feeding power. When a pair of coaxial output probes 16 and 17 are excited, the signal enters the excitation probe 27 through the corresponding components of the feeding system, and the planar antenna array has horizontal polarization.

If a converter with a single input terminal is used to receive the signal, the output probe of the converter is arranged on a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of a pair of coaxial output probes 14, 15, then a vertical linearly polarized signal can be received, when there is a single input When the converter at the end rotates 90° around the longitudinal axis of the input waveguide 18 of the planar antenna array, it can receive horizontal linear polarization.

In order to make the electromagnetic field distribution on the surface of the planar antenna array tend to be more equal in amplitude and in phase, and to increase the amplification factor of the antenna, partition walls 31 should be made on the outer conductive surface of the plate 5 to divide the surface into several small grids, and the center of the small grids Aim at the hole center of emission hole 4, all make various geometric shapes (square, triangle, circle, fan-shaped etc.) flange 34 on the corner of each small grid.

The size of the small grid is determined according to the circumference of the main reflector of each reverse antenna, the height h of the small grid partition wall 31 is no more than 35% of the wavelength, that is, the partition wall size has nothing to do with the size of the inner surface of the protective cover plate 1, No electrical contact with additional transmitters is required.

On the inner surface of the dielectric holding cover plate 1, the surface is divided into several small grids 33 by conductive strips 32, and the center of the small grid corresponds to the corresponding emission hole 4, which will make the amplitude distribution on the exposed surface of the antenna more balanced . In each of these cells there is a conductive (metal) platform 3 of an additional reflector 2 . The application of the conductive strip 32 can increase the utilization rate of the exposed surface of the planar antenna array, increase the amplification factor and reduce the diffraction lobe.

Industrial applicability

Produced according to the present invention, have various polarizations, be used for directly receiving the planar slot antenna array of satellite TV, when its emission diameter size is 456 * 456mm, when thickness is 26mm, for the circle in the range of 12.2～12.7 gigahertz Polarization, the amplification factor of left polarization is not less than 33.1 decibels, the maximum value is 34.1 decibels (dB), the amplification factor of right circular polarization is not less than 33.4 decibels, the maximum value is 34.3 decibels, the ellipticity of right and left circular polarization is not greater than 1.8 dB, which is consistent with a polarized output of no less than 20 dB.

According to the proposed technical scheme, the planar antenna array with the same external dimensions and used to receive signals with dual linear polarization, its amplification factor, for vertical polarization, is not less than 12.2-12.7 GHz frequency band 33.2 decibels, with a maximum of 34.1 decibels; for horizontal polarization, not less than 33.6 decibels, with a maximum of 34.5 decibels, for vertical and horizontal polarizations, the output of vertical and horizontal polarizations is not less than 22 decibels.

References

1. European Patent N 0434268, H01Q9/04, published on June 26, 1991.

2. U.S. Patent N 4761653, H01Q1/38, published on August 2, 1988.

3. U.S. Patent N 4833482, H01Q1/38, published on May 23, 1989.

4. European Patent N 0543519, H01Q21/06, published on May 25, 1993.

5. British Patent N 2230902, H01Q1/38, published on February 23, 1990.

6. European Patent N 0627479, H01Q21/06, published on May 15, 1991.

7. U.S. Patent N 4792810, H01Q1/38, U.S. National Classification No. 343-778, published on June 22, 1986.

Claims (16)

1. A planar antenna array with a multilayer structure, comprising: a dielectric cover plate, a conductive plate with a plurality of emission holes, a dielectric flat plate and a shielding plate, and each layer is arranged up and down, so that the multilayer structure is formed A number of microstrip radiators, the latter comprising excitation elements with outputs for signals of various polarizations, the planar antenna array contains two microstrip radiator feed systems for receiving/transmitting signals of various polarizations, the The feeding system includes an output probe and a power supply element arranged in the output waveguide, and the output waveguide is placed in the center of the antenna array, which is characterized in that the antenna array uses a reflective element array, and the reflective elements are arranged in the corresponding radiation holes of the conductive plate Above, the dielectric plate is arranged between the shielding plate and the conductive plate, and the two feeding systems of the microstrip radiator for receiving/transmitting various polarization signals and the excitation elements of the microstrip radiator are arranged on one side of the dielectric plate, And the output probes of each feeding system constitute a pair of coaxial probes, the axes of each pair of coaxial probes are perpendicular to each other, and the output probes are arranged on a cross-section of the waveguide, which is symmetrical to its axis. At the same time, half of the excitation element is divided by its The corresponding output end is connected to one of the coaxial output probes corresponding to the feeding system, and the other half is also connected to the other one of the coaxial output probes of the feeding system through its corresponding output end. 2. Planar antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the array of reflective elements is arranged on the inner surface of the dielectric cover plate. 3. The planar antenna array according to claim 1, wherein a pit is formed on the shielding plate, and the pit is placed under the radiation hole of the conductive plate to form a resonator to excite the radiation hole of the conductive plate. 4. The planar antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the excitation element of the microstrip radiator is placed between the orthogonal probes by a pair of orthogonal probes and is electrically coupled with them by right-angled bisectors The return line and the conductive strip arranged perpendicular to the return line are formed. At the same time, the coaxial output probe is used to receive/transmit the corresponding signals of right and left circular polarization, and is placed in the cross-sectional area of the waveguide on the bisector of the output probe It is used for receiving/transmitting linear polarization, while other areas on the cross section are used for receiving/transmitting elliptical polarization with ellipticity 0~1. 5. The planar antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the conductive strip and the intersection point of the probe axis is not greater than two tenths of the wavelength. 6. The planar antenna array according to claim 5, characterized in that: the length of the loop is 0.35-0.45 wavelength, and the length of the conductive strip is 0.2-0.35 wavelength. 7. The planar antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the excitation element is made into two orthogonal probes, and the coaxial output probes are even used to receive/transmit vertical and horizontal linearly polarized signals. 8. The planar antenna array according to claim 2, wherein each reflective element on the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover forms a group of symmetrically distributed rectangular conductive platforms. 9. The planar antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the dielectric protection cover and the surface of the conductive plate is 0.4-0.6 wavelength. 10. The planar antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: on the outer surface of the conductive plate and the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover, some partitions and conductive strips are properly arranged to separate the two surfaces The center of the small grid is aligned with the center of the corresponding emission hole, and each reflective element on the inner surface of the dielectric protection cover is arranged in the corresponding small grid on the surface. 11. The planar antenna array according to claim 10, characterized in that square, or triangular, or fan-shaped, or circular flanges are provided on the corners of each cell of the conductive plate. 12. The planar antenna array according to claim 10, characterized in that a number of bosses are set at a certain distance from the reflector and the conductive plate to fix the dielectric plate. 13. A microstrip radiator composed of a conductive plate with radiating holes arranged up and down, an excitation element comprising 2 dielectric plates and a shielding plate of orthogonal probes, characterized in that: the excitation element introduces The return line and the conductive strip, and the return line is arranged on the right-angled bisector between the probes, electrically coupled with the probe, and the conductive strip is arranged perpendicular to the return line. 14. The microstrip radiator according to claim 13, characterized in that the distance between the intersection of the conductive strip and the axis of the probe is no greater than two tenths of a wavelength. 15. The microstrip radiator according to claim 14, characterized in that the loop length is 0.35-0.45 wavelength, and the length of the conductive strip is 0.2-0.35 wavelength. 16. The microstrip radiator according to claim 13, characterized in that pits are formed on the shielding plate, and the pits are distributed below the radiation holes of the conductive plate to form a resonator to excite the radiation holes of the conductive plate.

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