CN115430803A - Casting method of high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery - Google Patents
Casting method of high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000219098 Parthenocissus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of track shoe casting, in particular to a casting method of a high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery, which comprises the steps of process preparation, production preparation, core making and core making, melting and pouring, fine processing, inspection and warehousing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a casting method, in particular to a casting method of a high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery, and belongs to the technical field of track shoe casting.
Background
A caterpillar tread is one of chassis parts of engineering machinery, is a vulnerable part of the used engineering machinery, and is commonly used on engineering machinery such as an excavator, a bulldozer, a caterpillar crane, a paver and the like at present, casting is a method of casting liquid metal into a casting cavity adaptive to the shape of a part, cooling and solidifying the casting cavity to obtain the part or a blank, wherein the cast substance is mostly metal (such as copper, iron, aluminum, tin, lead and the like) which is originally in a solid state but is heated to a liquid state, the material of a casting mold can be sand, metal or even ceramic, and a casting process can be used in the production process of the caterpillar tread.
The prior method, a patent document with an authorization publication number of CN108907090A, discloses a casting process of a high manganese steel track shoe, which comprises the following specific steps: firstly, determining a manufacturing mold; secondly, manufacturing a sand mold and a lower core mould assembling box; thirdly, smelting scrap steel to prepare casting molten steel; 1) Before smelting, adding alloy elements of vanadium and titanium as nucleating agents; 2) Continuously making white slag in the smelting reduction period, and controlling the phosphorus content to be below 0.035%; fourthly, pouring; the tapping temperature of the poured molten steel is 1590-1620 ℃, and the leading ladle is poured once, so that the pouring temperature is 1415-1435 ℃; and fifthly, opening the box, and opening the box after 50 minutes after pouring, the invention reduces the crack rate and the fracture probability of the high manganese steel cast track shoe, obviously improves the service life, but the material is high alloy steel, the product has poor welding performance, and the track is seriously abraded on the surface due to the working environment when being applied to mining machinery, has short service life and high maintenance cost.
The patent document with the publication number of CN1112459C discloses a low-alloy austempered steel track plate and a heat treatment method thereof, wherein the metallographic structure of the track plate is bainite and austenite, the invention adopts a low-alloy steel mainly comprising chromium, manganese and silicon, isothermal quenching and a heat treatment process of cooling in air, and the metallographic structure of the bainite and the austenite is finally obtained, and the structure has reasonable strength, toughness and hardness, but the wear resistance of the surface of the finished track plate is insufficient, so that the use requirement of the track plate in a crawler crane in practical application cannot be met, and meanwhile, when the crawler is applied to mining machinery, the service life of the crawler is short, and the maintenance cost is high.
In view of the above, a casting method of a high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery is proposed to help solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a casting method of a high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery, which is simple and convenient to produce and low in production cost, can enhance the service performance of the high alloy steel track shoe for large-scale engineering machinery, enhances the surface wear resistance and prolongs the service life, thereby reducing the maintenance cost and solving the problems of high production cost, poor wear resistance, low service life and low precision.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme, and the casting method of the high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery comprises the following steps of process preparation, production preparation, core making and core making, melting and pouring, fine processing, inspection and warehousing, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a process: drawing a casting process diagram according to a part diagram of an object to be produced and a process scheme established in production batch;
s2, preparation of production: preparing technological equipment such as melting materials, molding and core making materials, core boxes, sand boxes and the like;
s3, molding and core making: processing and generating a casting mold;
s4, melting and pouring: melting the material for melting to obtain molten steel, and finishing pouring;
s5, fine processing: the production precision is improved by finely processing the cast blank;
s6, checking and warehousing: and detecting the processed workpiece, judging whether the detection performance reaches the standard, reprocessing if the detection performance does not reach the standard, and stacking and warehousing the workpiece through a mechanical arm after the detection performance reaches the standard.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes:
s31, modeling: preparing a model, coating materials and drying a sand mold surface;
s32, core making: coating materials and drying the surface of the sand core;
s33, core setting and mould assembling are completed quickly, the working cost is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, the core sand for making the core has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than the molding sand, the sand core is prevented from blocking free shrinkage of the casting, cleaning of the sand core is facilitated, the time interval between baking of the coating and drawing of the sand mold is not less than 2 hours, baking is carried out before coating, slow and uniform heating is firstly adopted during temperature-testing heating baking, baking is carried out on a big fire when water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mold, the surface temperature of the sand mold is controlled to be 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, baking is carried out at least for 2 times, baking is carried out at intervals of half an hour every time, coating is started when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to the hand feeling and is not hot, wherein the coating is brushed for at least 2 times, baking is carried out after each time of brushing, marking is carried out on each time of baking and brushing the coating, and multiple times of baking are adopted in rainy seasons and humid weather to ensure the better effect of the coating, and the quality of the mold is ensured.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes:
s41, melting: adding the material for melting into a melting device to melt molten steel;
s42, refining: after the molten steel is smelted, refining the molten steel;
s43, pouring: the refined molten steel is poured into a processed die, and due to chilling and air tightness of a metal mold, the pouring speed is controlled to be slow firstly, fast secondly and slowly, liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process, the alloy steel material is smelted, the pouring work is convenient, the smelted molten steel is refined, and the production quality is improved.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes:
s51, cooling: cooling the casting after pouring, and controlling the temperature to be moderate;
s52, unpacking: the cast is subjected to heat preservation for 5 to 8 hours, then the box is loosened, the box opening temperature is controlled to be about 400 to 650 ℃, the casting is immediately cleaned of a riser and sand on a pouring system after the box is opened, the closing of a workshop is ensured, the temperature in the workshop is controlled, the riser is subjected to gas cutting, and the temperature of the casting is ensured to be above 300 ℃ during the gas cutting;
s53, sand removal: cooling the casting to room temperature, removing sand, feeding the casting into a heat treatment furnace at the charging temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃ and the heating speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, preserving the temperature at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, and then air-cooling;
s54, heat treatment: quenching and tempering are carried out on the taken-out blank, so that the blank can be safely taken out, and the working safety is improved.
Further, the step S54 specifically includes:
s541, carrying out heat treatment on the track plate through a quenching process, wherein the quenching medium is water, the quenching temperature is 750-900 ℃, and the quenching time is 1-3 minutes;
s542, performing shot blasting and polishing on the heat-treated casting, and performing tempering treatment after the shot blasting and polishing are completed;
s543, carrying out heat treatment on the track plate through a tempering process, wherein the tempering temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 2-4 hours, so that the quality of the casting is improved, the service life is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Further, the step S6 specifically includes:
s61, detection: carrying out hardness detection on the casting subjected to heat treatment;
s62, performing surface treatment on the casting with the hardness up to the standard;
s63, carrying out flatness detection on the casting subjected to surface treatment through laser;
and S64, stacking and warehousing the up-to-standard castings through a mechanical arm, placing and storing the castings, detecting data, and comparing to obtain required superior product data so as to improve the production quality.
Furthermore, the castings which do not reach the standard in the step S64 are reprocessed, the processed castings are subjected to secondary detection, the rate of finished products is improved, and the castings which do not reach the standard are reprocessed, so that resources are saved, and the cost is reduced.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the invention, different data are tested to obtain a casting with higher quality, and the casting track shoe is produced according to the data, so that the use requirements of simple and convenient production, low production cost, capability of enhancing the service performance of the high alloy steel track shoe of large engineering machinery, surface wear resistance and service life prolonging are met, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the core making and melting and casting process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the fine processing and inspection warehousing of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a method for casting a high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery includes process preparation, production preparation, core making and core making, melting and pouring, fine processing, inspection and warehousing, and specifically includes the following steps:
s1, preparing a process: and drawing a casting process diagram according to a part diagram of an object to be produced and a process scheme established by production batch.
S2, preparation of production: preparing process equipment such as a melting material, a molding core-making material, a core box, a sand box and the like.
S3, molding and core making: and processing to generate a casting die.
S4, melting and pouring: and melting the material for melting to obtain molten steel, and finishing pouring.
S5, fine processing: the production precision is improved by fine processing of the cast blank.
S6, checking and warehousing: and detecting the processed workpiece, judging whether the detection performance reaches the standard, reprocessing if the detection performance does not reach the standard, and stacking and warehousing the workpiece through a mechanical arm after the detection performance reaches the standard.
Step S3 specifically includes:
s31, modeling: preparing a model, coating and drying a sand mold surface.
S32, core making: and (4) coating and surface drying of the sand core.
S33, core setting and box assembling, wherein core sand for core making has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than molding sand, the free shrinkage of a casting piece is avoided, the cleaning of the sand core is facilitated, the time interval between the baking of a coating and the stripping of a sand mold is not less than 2 hours, the baking is carried out before the coating, slow uniform heating is adopted during temperature trial heating baking, the baking is carried out by intense fire when water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mold, the surface temperature of the sand mold is controlled to be 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, the baking is carried out at least for 2 times, the coating is started when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to be not hot, the coating is brushed for at least 2 times, the baking is carried out after each time brushing, marks are made for each time of baking and brushing, and the baking and the coating are repeatedly baked in rainy seasons and humid weather, so that the coating has a better effect.
Step S4 specifically includes:
s41, melting: adding the material for melting into a melting device to melt molten steel.
S42, refining: after the molten steel is melted, the molten steel is refined.
S43, pouring: the refined molten steel is poured into a processed mould, and due to chilling and air impermeability of the metal mould, the pouring speed is firstly slow, then fast and then slow, liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process, the mould required by casting is quickly obtained, the working cost during production is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the smelted molten steel is refined, and the production quality of castings is improved.
Step S5 specifically includes:
s51, cooling: and cooling the casting after pouring, and controlling the temperature to be moderate.
S52, unpacking: and (3) the cast is subjected to heat preservation for 5-8 hours, then the box is loosened, the box opening temperature is controlled to be about 400-650 ℃, sand on a riser and a pouring system is removed immediately after the box is opened, the closed workshop is ensured, the temperature in the workshop is controlled, the riser is cut by gas, and the temperature of the cast is ensured to be above 300 ℃ during gas cutting.
S53, sand removal: and (3) cooling the casting to room temperature, removing sand, feeding the casting into a heat treatment furnace after the sand is removed, charging the casting at the temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃, raising the temperature at the speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, preserving the temperature at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, and then cooling in air.
S54, heat treatment: quenching and tempering the taken out blank,
step S54 specifically includes:
s541, the track shoe is subjected to heat treatment through a quenching process, wherein a quenching medium is water, the quenching temperature is 750-900 ℃, and the quenching time is 1-3 minutes.
And S542, performing shot blasting and polishing on the casting subjected to heat treatment, and performing tempering treatment after the casting is finished.
S543, carrying out heat treatment on the track shoe through a tempering process, wherein the tempering temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 2-4 hours.
Step S6 specifically includes:
s61, detection: and (5) carrying out hardness detection on the casting after heat treatment.
S62, performing surface treatment on the casting with the hardness reaching the standard.
And S63, carrying out flatness detection on the casting subjected to surface treatment through laser.
S64, the castings up to the standard are stacked and stored through a mechanical arm, the castings which do not up to the standard in the step S64 are reprocessed, the processed castings are subjected to secondary detection, the rate of finished products is improved, the produced castings are subjected to data detection, required quality data are obtained, the production quality is improved, the simplicity and convenience in production are met, the production cost is low, the service performance of the large engineering machinery high alloy steel track plate can be enhanced, the surface wear resistance is enhanced, the service life is prolonged, and therefore the use requirement of the maintenance cost is lowered.
Example one
Preparing a process scheme according to a part diagram of a track shoe to be produced and the production quantity, drawing a casting process diagram, preparing alloy steel materials, quartz sand, a core box, a sand box and other equipment, molding by coating and sand mould surface drying processes in a model, making cores by coating and sand core surface drying processes, finishing core setting and mould assembling to process a mould, wherein in the process, the core sand for making the cores has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than the molding sand, preventing the sand core from blocking free shrinkage of the casting, facilitating sand core cleaning, ensuring that the time interval between the coating baking and the mould drawing of the sand mould is not less than 2 hours, baking before coating, slowly and uniformly heating when temperature is tested, heating until water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mould, then baking by big fire, controlling the surface temperature of the sand mould at 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, wherein the baking is carried out at least for 2 times, the baking is carried out at an interval of half an hour every time, the brushing of the coating is started when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to be not hot, wherein the brushing of the coating is carried out for at least 2 times, the baking is carried out every time when the brushing is finished, and the marking is carried out on the baking and the brushing each time, the baking is carried out for a plurality of times in rainy season and humid weather so as to ensure the better effect of the coating, when a mold is manufactured, alloy steel materials are added into melting equipment to melt the molten steel and refine the molten steel, the production quality is improved, the refined molten steel is poured into the mold which is manufactured, the pouring speed is firstly slow, then fast, and then slow, the liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process to improve the pouring quality, after the pouring is finished, the casting is cooled, the mold is kept warm for 7 hours and then loosened, the mold opening temperature is controlled to be about 550 ℃, the casting is immediately cleaned after the mold is opened, and the sand on a casting system is poured, the method comprises the steps of ensuring the sealing of a workshop, controlling the temperature in the workshop, cleaning sand when a casting is cooled to room temperature, sending the sand into a heat treatment furnace after cleaning sand, charging the furnace at a temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃, raising the temperature at a speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, then carrying out air cooling, carrying out quenching treatment on a track shoe blank by using water, controlling the quenching temperature at about 750 ℃ for 1 minute, then carrying out shot blasting and polishing on the quenched casting, carrying out tempering treatment, controlling the tempering temperature at about 180 ℃, controlling the tempering time at 2 hours, carrying out hardness detection on the tempered casting, obtaining and recording data, carrying out surface treatment on the casting after the hardness reaches the standard, carrying out flatness detection on the casting after the surface treatment, stacking the casting reaching the standard by using a mechanical arm, warehousing the casting, and placing and storing the casting.
Example two
Preparing a process scheme according to a part diagram of a creeper tread to be produced and the production quantity, drawing a casting process diagram, preparing alloy steel materials, quartz sand, a core box, a sand box and other equipment, molding by coating in a model and a sand mold surface drying process, and molding by coating and a sand core surface drying process to finish core setting and mold assembling to process a mold, wherein in the process, core sand for core manufacturing has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than molding sand, the sand core is prevented from freely shrinking, the sand core is convenient to clean, the time interval of coating baking and mold stripping is not less than 2 hours, baking is carried out before coating, slow and uniform heating is firstly adopted during temperature trial heating baking, the heating is changed into big fire baking when water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mold, the surface temperature of the sand mold is controlled at 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, wherein the baking is carried out at least for 2 times, the baking is carried out at an interval of half an hour every time, the brushing of the coating is started when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to be not hot, wherein the brushing of the coating is carried out for at least 2 times, the baking is carried out every time when the brushing is finished, and the marking is carried out on the baking and the brushing each time, the baking is carried out for a plurality of times in rainy season and humid weather so as to ensure the better effect of the coating, when a mold is manufactured, alloy steel materials are added into melting equipment to melt the molten steel and refine the molten steel, the production quality is improved, the refined molten steel is poured into the mold which is manufactured, the pouring speed is firstly slow, then fast, and then slow, the liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process to improve the pouring quality, after the pouring is finished, the casting is cooled, the mold is kept warm for 7 hours and then loosened, the mold opening temperature is controlled to be about 550 ℃, the casting is immediately cleaned after the mold is opened, and the sand on a casting system is poured, the method comprises the steps of ensuring the sealing of a workshop, controlling the temperature in the workshop, cleaning sand when a casting is cooled to room temperature, sending the sand into a heat treatment furnace after cleaning sand, charging the furnace at a temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃, raising the temperature at a speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, then carrying out air cooling, carrying out quenching treatment on a track shoe blank by using water, controlling the quenching temperature at about 850 ℃ for 2 minutes, carrying out shot blasting and polishing on the quenched casting, carrying out tempering treatment, controlling the tempering temperature at about 200 ℃, controlling the tempering time at 3 hours, carrying out hardness detection on the tempered casting, obtaining data and recording, carrying out surface treatment on the casting after the hardness reaches the standard, carrying out flatness detection on the surface after the surface treatment, stacking the qualified casting by using a mechanical arm, warehousing the qualified casting, and placing and storing the qualified casting.
EXAMPLE III
Preparing a process scheme according to a part diagram of a creeper tread to be produced and the production quantity, drawing a casting process diagram, preparing alloy steel materials, quartz sand, a core box, a sand box and other equipment, molding by coating in a model and a sand mold surface drying process, and molding by coating and a sand core surface drying process to finish core setting and mold assembling to process a mold, wherein in the process, core sand for core manufacturing has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than molding sand, the sand core is prevented from freely shrinking, the sand core is convenient to clean, the time interval of coating baking and mold stripping is not less than 2 hours, baking is carried out before coating, slow and uniform heating is firstly adopted during temperature trial heating baking, the heating is changed into big fire baking when water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mold, the surface temperature of the sand mold is controlled at 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, wherein the baking is carried out at least for 2 times, each time of baking is separated by half an hour, the brushing of the coating is started when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to the temperature of the sand mold without being scalded, wherein the brushing of the coating is carried out for at least 2 times, the baking is carried out each time, the marking is carried out on the baking and the brushing, the baking is carried out for a plurality of times in rainy season and humid weather so as to ensure the better effect of the coating, when a mold is manufactured, alloy steel materials are added into melting equipment to melt the molten steel and refine the molten steel, the production quality is improved, the refined molten steel is poured into the manufactured mold, the pouring speed is firstly slow, secondly fast and thirdly slow, the liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process so as to improve the pouring quality, after the pouring is finished, the casting is cooled, the mold is loosened after the heat is preserved for 7 hours, the opening temperature of the mold is controlled to be about 550 ℃, the casting is immediately cleaned and the sand on a riser pouring system after the mold is opened, the method comprises the steps of ensuring the sealing of a workshop, controlling the temperature in the workshop, cleaning sand when a casting is cooled to room temperature, sending the sand into a heat treatment furnace after cleaning sand, charging the furnace at a temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃, raising the temperature at a speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, then carrying out air cooling, carrying out quenching treatment on a track shoe blank by using water, controlling the quenching temperature at about 900 ℃ for 3 minutes, carrying out shot blasting and polishing on the quenched casting, carrying out tempering treatment, controlling the tempering temperature at about 250 ℃, controlling the tempering time at 4 hours, carrying out hardness detection on the tempered casting, obtaining data and recording, carrying out surface treatment on the casting after the hardness reaches the standard, carrying out flatness detection on the casting by using laser after the surface treatment, and stacking the casting reaching the standard by using a mechanical arm for warehousing, and placing and storing the casting.
Comparing the data in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment, if the data are not obvious enough, experiments are carried out more, more data are obtained, the data of the casting after quenching and tempering are more excellent, the data of hardness, flatness and the like are more excellent at a certain temperature and a certain time, and then other track shoes are produced and cast according to the data, so that the produced track shoes are high in service performance, good in surface wear resistance and long in service life, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.
Claims (8)
1. A casting method of a high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery comprises the steps of process preparation, production preparation, core making and core making, melting and pouring, fine processing, inspection and warehousing, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a process: drawing a casting process diagram according to a part diagram of an object to be produced and a process scheme established in production batch;
s2, preparation of production: preparing technological equipment such as melting materials, molding and core making materials, core boxes, sand boxes and the like;
s3, modeling and core making: processing to generate a casting die;
s4, melting and pouring: melting the material for melting to obtain molten steel, and finishing pouring;
s5, fine processing: the production precision is improved by fine processing of the cast blank;
s6, checking and warehousing: and detecting the processed workpiece, judging whether the detection performance reaches the standard, reprocessing if the detection performance does not reach the standard, and stacking and warehousing the workpiece through a mechanical arm after the detection performance reaches the standard.
2. The method for casting a high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the step S3 specifically includes:
s31, modeling: preparing a model, coating materials and drying a sand mold surface;
s32, core making: coating materials and drying the surface of the sand core;
s33, core setting and mould assembling.
3. The method for casting the high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 2, wherein: the core sand for making the core has higher strength, air permeability, high temperature resistance, deformability and collapsibility than molding sand, the sand core is prevented from blocking free shrinkage of a casting, the sand core is convenient to clean, the time interval between the baking of the coating and the drawing of the sand mold is not less than 2 hours, the baking is carried out before coating, slow and uniform heating is firstly adopted during temperature trial heating baking, the baking is carried out by big fire when water vapor overflows on the surface of the sand mold, the surface temperature of the sand mold is controlled to be 150-180 ℃ until the water vapor runs out, the baking is carried out at least for 2 times, the baking is carried out at intervals of half an hour, the coating is brushed when the temperature of the sand mold is reduced to the condition that the hand feeling is not hot, the coating is brushed for at least 2 times, the baking is carried out after the brushing for each time, the marking is carried out during each time of baking and the coating, and the baking is carried out for a plurality of times in rainy seasons and humid conditions to ensure the better effect of the coating weather.
4. The method for casting the high-alloy steel track shoe for the mining machine according to claim 2, wherein: the step S4 specifically includes:
s41, melting: adding the material for melting into a melting device to melt molten steel;
s42, refining: after the molten steel is smelted, refining the molten steel;
s43, pouring: and pouring the refined molten steel into a processed mould, wherein the pouring speed is firstly slow, then fast and then slow due to chilling and air impermeability of the metal mould, and the liquid flow is kept as much as possible in the pouring process.
5. The method for casting a high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the step S5 specifically includes:
s51, cooling: cooling the casting after pouring, and controlling the temperature to be moderate;
s52, unpacking: the cast is subjected to heat preservation for 5 to 8 hours, then the box is loosened, the box opening temperature is controlled to be about 400 to 650 ℃, sand on a riser and a pouring system is immediately removed from the cast after the box is opened, the closed workshop is ensured, the temperature in the workshop is controlled, the riser is subjected to gas cutting, and the temperature of the cast is ensured to be more than 300 ℃ during gas cutting;
s53, sand removal: cooling the casting to room temperature, removing sand, feeding the casting into a heat treatment furnace at the charging temperature of less than or equal to 200 ℃ and the heating speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h, preserving heat at 900 ℃ for 8 hours, and then cooling in air;
s54, heat treatment: and quenching and tempering the taken-out blank.
6. The method for casting the high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 5, wherein: the step S54 specifically includes:
s541, carrying out heat treatment on the track plate through a quenching process, wherein the quenching medium is water, the quenching temperature is 750-900 ℃, and the quenching time is 1-3 minutes;
s542, performing shot blasting and polishing on the casting subjected to heat treatment, and performing tempering treatment after the shot blasting and polishing are completed;
s543, carrying out heat treatment on the track shoe through a tempering process, wherein the tempering temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 2-4 hours.
7. The method for casting a high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the step S6 specifically includes:
s61, detection: carrying out hardness detection on the casting after heat treatment;
s62, carrying out surface treatment on the casting with the hardness reaching the standard;
s63, carrying out flatness detection on the casting subjected to surface treatment through laser;
and S64, stacking and warehousing the castings reaching the standard through a mechanical arm, and placing and storing the castings.
8. The method for casting a high-alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery according to claim 7, wherein: and (5) reprocessing the casting which does not reach the standard in the step (S64), and carrying out secondary detection on the processed casting to improve the yield.
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| CN202211039331.7A CN115430803A (en) | 2022-08-29 | 2022-08-29 | Casting method of high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery |
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| CN202211039331.7A CN115430803A (en) | 2022-08-29 | 2022-08-29 | Casting method of high alloy steel track shoe for mining machinery |
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Application publication date: 20221206 |