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CN115425934A - Output matching circuit of power amplifier - Google Patents

Output matching circuit of power amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115425934A
CN115425934A CN202211099819.9A CN202211099819A CN115425934A CN 115425934 A CN115425934 A CN 115425934A CN 202211099819 A CN202211099819 A CN 202211099819A CN 115425934 A CN115425934 A CN 115425934A
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circuit
coupling
capacitor
output matching
matching circuit
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CN115425934B (en
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关宇涵
陈思弟
汤委龙
陈哲
李嘉进
刘祖华
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Foshan Zhenzhi Microchip Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/56Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
    • H03F1/565Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/195High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/213Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an output matching circuit of a power amplifier, which comprises an output matching circuit, a coupling circuit and a load, wherein the output matching circuit comprises a first coupling line, the coupling circuit comprises a second coupling line, and the first coupling line is coupled with the second coupling line, wherein: one end of the output matching circuit receives an input signal, and the other end of the output matching circuit is connected with a load circuit which represents the load of the output matching circuit of the power amplifier; a through end load interface is arranged between the output matching circuit and the load circuit; the coupling circuit is provided with a coupling end load interface and an isolation end load interface; the coupling circuit is adapted to couple energy of the alternating current through the second coupling line to extract power of the signal to the coupled end load interface when the alternating current flows from the first coupling line. By implementing the embodiment of the invention, the loss of the whole circuit is reduced on the basis of extracting the power of the signal to the load interface of the coupling end.

Description

Output matching circuit of power amplifier
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power amplification, and particularly relates to an output matching circuit of a power amplifier.
Background
In microwave transmission systems, it is often necessary to accurately test a certain power value or to distribute a certain input power to branch circuits in a certain proportion. The directional coupler is widely applied to a microwave transmission system because the directional coupler has the characteristics of small insertion loss, wide frequency band, capability of bearing larger input power, capability of expanding the range according to needs, convenience and flexibility in use and the like.
At present, a directional coupler is generally cascaded after an output matching circuit of a power amplifier, and does not participate in output matching of the circuit. Since the directional coupler and the output matching circuit of the power amplifier are two independent parts, the insertion loss of the directional coupler is high, resulting in high loss of the whole circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an output matching circuit of a power amplifier, aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the loss of the whole circuit can be reduced.
The application discloses power amplifier's output matching circuit, including output matching circuit, coupling circuit and load circuit, output matching circuit includes first coupling line, coupling circuit includes second coupling line, first coupling line with the second coupling line constitutes the coupler, load circuit does power amplifier's output matching circuit's load, wherein:
one end of the output matching circuit receives an input signal, and the other end of the output matching circuit is connected with the load circuit; a through end load interface exists between the output matching circuit and the load circuit;
the coupling circuit is provided with a coupling end load interface and an isolation end load interface; the coupling circuit is adapted to couple energy of an alternating current through the second coupling line to extract power of a signal to a coupled end load interface when the alternating current flows through the first coupling line.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the output matching circuit further includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, where:
one end of the first inductor receives an input signal, and the other end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the first capacitor and one end of the second capacitor at the same time;
the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor is simultaneously connected with one end of the first coupling line and one end of the load circuit; the through end load interface is arranged between the second capacitor and the load circuit;
the other end of the first coupling line is grounded.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the output matching circuit further includes a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, where:
one end of the first capacitor receives an input signal, and the other end of the first capacitor is simultaneously connected with one end of the first inductor and one end of the second capacitor;
the other end of the first inductor is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor is simultaneously connected with one end of the first coupling line and one end of the load circuit; the through end load interface is arranged between the second capacitor and the load circuit;
the other end of the first coupling line is grounded.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the coupling circuit includes a second inductor, a third capacitor, and a constant value resistor, where:
one end of the second inductor is the coupling end load interface, and the other end of the second inductor is connected with the second coupling line;
the other end of the second coupling line is simultaneously connected with one end of the third capacitor and one end of the constant value resistor, and the other end of the second coupling line is the load interface of the isolation end;
the other end of the third capacitor and the other end of the fixed resistor are both grounded.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the isolation of the coupling circuit is determined according to a capacitance value of the third capacitor and a resistance value of the fixed resistor.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first coupling line and the second coupling line are stacked metal transmission lines or coplanar metal transmission lines.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the output matching circuit of the power amplifier fuses the coupling line of the straight-through end in the coupling circuit and the coupling line of the output matching circuit, the chip area occupied by the coupling line in the coupling circuit is overlapped with the area of the coupling line of the output matching circuit, the area of the coupling line required by the cascade coupling circuit is saved, the number of passive devices of the output circuit can be effectively reduced by fusing the coupling circuit and the output matching circuit, the insertion loss of the circuit is reduced, and the loss of the whole circuit is reduced on the basis of extracting the power of a signal to a load interface of the coupling end.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an output matching circuit of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an output matching circuit of another power amplifier according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
In fig. 1 and 2, the symbols are represented as:
l1-first inductor, L2-first coupling line, L3-second coupling line, L4-second inductor, C1-first capacitor, C2-second capacitor, C3-third capacitor, R1-constant resistor, and RL-load circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and any variations thereof in the embodiments and drawings of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an output matching circuit of a power amplifier, which can fuse a coupling line at a straight-through end in a coupling circuit with a coupling line of the output matching circuit, overlap the chip area occupied by the coupling line in the coupling circuit with the area of the coupling line of the output matching circuit, save the area of the coupling line required by a cascade coupling circuit, effectively reduce the number of passive devices of the output circuit by fusing the coupling circuit with the output matching circuit, reduce the insertion loss of the circuit, and reduce the loss of the whole circuit on the basis of amplifying the power output from a load interface at the coupling end and a load interface at an isolation end. The following are detailed below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an output matching circuit of a power amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 1, the output matching circuit of the power amplifier in the embodiment of the present application includes: the output matching circuit comprises a first coupling line L2, the coupling circuit comprises a second coupling line L3, the first coupling line L2 and the second coupling line L3 form a coupler, and the load circuit RL is a load of the output matching circuit of the power amplifier, wherein:
one end 1 of the output matching circuit receives an input signal, the other end of the output matching circuit is connected with one end of the load circuit RL, and the other end of the load circuit RL is grounded; a through-end load interface 2 exists between the output matching circuit and the load circuit;
the coupling circuit comprises a coupling end load interface 3 and an isolation end load interface 4; the coupling circuit is adapted to couple the energy of the alternating current through the second coupling line L3 to extract the power of the signal to the coupled end load interface 3 when the alternating current flows through the first coupling line L2.
The first coupling line L2 and the second coupling line L3 are stacked metal transmission lines or coplanar metal transmission lines.
The output matching circuit further comprises a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, wherein:
one end 1 of the first inductor L1 receives an input signal, and the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and one end of the second capacitor C2 at the same time;
the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the first coupling line L2 and one end of the load circuit RL at the same time; the through-end load interface 2 is arranged between the second capacitor C2 and the load circuit RL;
the other end of the first coupling line L2 is grounded.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an output matching circuit of another power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein:
the output matching circuit further comprises a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, wherein:
one end 1 of the first capacitor C1 receives an input signal, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the first inductor L1 and one end of the second capacitor C2 at the same time;
the other end of the first inductor L1 is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the first coupling line L2 and one end of the load circuit RL at the same time; the through end load interface 2 is arranged between the second capacitor C2 and the load circuit RL;
the other end of the first coupling line L2 is grounded.
The coupling circuit comprises a second inductor L4, a third capacitor C3 and a fixed resistor R1, wherein:
one end of the second inductor L4 is the coupling end load interface 3, and the other end of the second inductor L4 is connected to the second coupling line L3;
the other end of the second coupling line L3 is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3 and one end of the constant value resistor R1 at the same time, and the other end of the second coupling line L3 is the isolation end load interface 4;
the other end of the third capacitor C3 and the other end of the fixed resistor R1 are both grounded.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the isolation of the coupling circuit is determined according to the capacitance value of the third capacitor C3 and the resistance value of the fixed resistor R1. The isolation of the coupling circuit can be effectively improved under the limited chip area by properly adjusting the R1 and the C1 which are connected with the port 4 in parallel. When the first coupling line L2 has an alternating current flowing through it, the first coupling line L2 and the second coupling line L3 are close to and parallel to each other, and the second coupling line L3 can generate an alternating current in an opposite direction through an electric field and a magnetic field between the first coupling line L2, so as to couple a part of energy from the first coupling line L2.
The main technical indexes of the coupling circuit are insertion loss, coupling degree, isolation degree and directivity, wherein:
the insertion loss of a coupled circuit is defined as:
Figure BDA0003839807750000051
the degree of coupling of the coupling circuit is defined as:
Figure BDA0003839807750000052
the isolation of the coupling circuit is defined as:
Figure BDA0003839807750000053
the directivity of the coupling circuit is defined as:
Figure BDA0003839807750000061
it is evident that:
I=C+D
wherein, P1 is the input power from the interface 1 to the output matching circuit, P2, P3 and P4 are the output power when the through end load interface is connected with the matched load, the output power when the coupling end load interface is connected with the matched load and the output power when the isolating end load interface is connected with the matched load respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the output matching circuit types of the traditional single-ended power amplifier are mainly three types: a low-pass output matching circuit, a band-pass output matching circuit and a high-pass output matching circuit. However, since the low-pass output matching circuit does not connect the output signal and the inductor in series to the ground, the optimization method of the band-pass output matching circuit and the high-pass output matching circuit cannot be directly used for the optimization of the low-pass output matching circuit, and a step is required to be added: and converting the output matching of the series inductor parallel capacitor into a structure of the series capacitor parallel inductor by L2 and C2 of the last stage of the low-pass output matching circuit through a Smith chart. Therefore, the schematic diagram of the low-pass output matching circuit after optimization is the same as that of the band-pass output matching circuit (fig. 1), but when the number of output LC matching stages is increased, the low-pass output matching circuit after optimization still mainly has the characteristic of low-pass.
In the embodiment of the invention, the values of each capacitor and each inductor of the output matching circuit are determined by adopting an equal Q value method according to the impedance of the load circuit RL determined by a power amplifier application scene. L2 and C2 of the last stages of the band-pass output matching circuit and the high-pass output matching circuit are series capacitors and parallel inductors; the output signal is therefore connected in series with the first coupled line L2 to ground. In order to be able to extract the output signal, the first coupling line L2 in the output matching circuit is used as the second coupling line L3 for the input and through terminals of the coupling circuit. The inductance value L2 obtained by the equal Q value method limits the inductance of the primary side coupling line of the coupling circuit, the first coupling line L2 and the second coupling line L3 can be coupled by using a laminated metal transmission line or a coplanar metal transmission line, and the coupling line of the laminated metal structure generally occupies a smaller chip area. Different coupling structures enable the coupling degrees of the coupling circuits to be different, the coupling line structures are reasonably selected according to specific indexes, and the constant value resistor R1 and the third capacitor C3 are used for optimizing the directivity of the coupling circuits and are easier to realize.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and technical features that are not described in this application may be implemented by or using the prior art, and are not described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application and not for limiting the present application, and the present application is only described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments instead, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the scope of the claims of the present application should also be covered.

Claims (6)

1. An output matching circuit of a power amplifier, comprising an output matching circuit, a coupling circuit and a load circuit, wherein the output matching circuit comprises a first coupling line, the coupling circuit comprises a second coupling line, the first coupling line and the second coupling line form a coupler, and the load circuit is a load of the output matching circuit of the power amplifier, wherein:
one end of the output matching circuit receives an input signal, and the other end of the output matching circuit is connected with the load circuit; a through-end load interface exists between the output matching circuit and the load circuit;
the coupling circuit is provided with a coupling end load interface and an isolation end load interface; the coupling circuit is adapted to couple energy of an alternating current through the second coupling line to extract power of a signal to a coupled end load interface when the alternating current flows through the first coupling line.
2. The output matching circuit of the power amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, wherein:
one end of the first inductor receives an input signal, and the other end of the first inductor is simultaneously connected with one end of the first capacitor and one end of the second capacitor;
the other end of the first capacitor is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor is connected with one end of the first coupling line and one end of the load circuit at the same time; the through end load interface is arranged between the second capacitor and the load circuit;
the other end of the first coupling line is grounded.
3. The output matching circuit of the power amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a first inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, wherein:
one end of the first capacitor receives an input signal, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the first inductor and one end of the second capacitor simultaneously;
the other end of the first inductor is grounded;
the other end of the second capacitor is simultaneously connected with one end of the first coupling line and one end of the load circuit; the through end load interface is arranged between the second capacitor and the load circuit;
the other end of the first coupling line is grounded.
4. The output matching circuit of the power amplifier according to claim 2 or 3, the coupling circuit comprising a second inductor, a third capacitor and a constant resistor, wherein:
one end of the second inductor is the coupling end load interface, and the other end of the second inductor is connected with the second coupling line;
the other end of the second coupling line is simultaneously connected with one end of the third capacitor and one end of the constant value resistor, and the other end of the second coupling line is the load interface of the isolation end;
the other end of the third capacitor and the other end of the constant value resistor are both grounded.
5. The output matching circuit of claim 3, wherein the isolation of the coupling circuit is determined according to the capacitance of the third capacitor and the resistance of the constant resistor.
6. The output matching circuit of the power amplifier according to claim 5, wherein the first coupling line and the second coupling line are a stacked metal transmission line or a coplanar metal transmission line.
CN202211099819.9A 2022-09-09 2022-09-09 Output matching circuit of power amplifier Active CN115425934B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6549071B1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2003-04-15 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Power amplifier circuitry and method using an inductance coupled to power amplifier switching devices
US20030194976A1 (en) * 2002-04-15 2003-10-16 Bhatti Iqbal S. On-chip impedance matching power amplifier and radio applications thereof
US20120293249A1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2012-11-22 Gwangju Institute Of Science And Technology Power amplifier insensitive to load impedance changes
CN107404294A (en) * 2017-08-23 2017-11-28 广州慧智微电子有限公司 A kind of output matching network circuit and amplifying circuit with directional coupler
US20200266517A1 (en) * 2018-09-18 2020-08-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Branch-line directional coupler and power amplifier device
CN112005432A (en) * 2018-04-25 2020-11-27 株式会社村田制作所 Directional Couplers and Directional Coupler Modules
CN113812042A (en) * 2019-03-26 2021-12-17 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 Tuning of Magnetic Antennas

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6549071B1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2003-04-15 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Power amplifier circuitry and method using an inductance coupled to power amplifier switching devices
US20030194976A1 (en) * 2002-04-15 2003-10-16 Bhatti Iqbal S. On-chip impedance matching power amplifier and radio applications thereof
US20120293249A1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2012-11-22 Gwangju Institute Of Science And Technology Power amplifier insensitive to load impedance changes
CN107404294A (en) * 2017-08-23 2017-11-28 广州慧智微电子有限公司 A kind of output matching network circuit and amplifying circuit with directional coupler
CN112005432A (en) * 2018-04-25 2020-11-27 株式会社村田制作所 Directional Couplers and Directional Coupler Modules
US20200266517A1 (en) * 2018-09-18 2020-08-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Branch-line directional coupler and power amplifier device
CN113812042A (en) * 2019-03-26 2021-12-17 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 Tuning of Magnetic Antennas

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