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CN115306599A - VGT (variable geometry Fuel) controlled diesel ignition ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC (programmable logic controller) and control method - Google Patents

VGT (variable geometry Fuel) controlled diesel ignition ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC (programmable logic controller) and control method Download PDF

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CN115306599A
CN115306599A CN202210976736.7A CN202210976736A CN115306599A CN 115306599 A CN115306599 A CN 115306599A CN 202210976736 A CN202210976736 A CN 202210976736A CN 115306599 A CN115306599 A CN 115306599A
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ammonia
engine
fuel
turbine
diesel
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王彬彬
王银燕
王贺春
杨传雷
胡登
史明伟
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/082—Premixed fuels, i.e. emulsions or blends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法，包括发动机、柴油箱、储氨罐、储氢罐、PLC、步进电机、涡轮、压气机，发动机的燃烧室分别安装第一喷油器、第二喷油器，柴油箱连接第一喷油器，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，供油管路连接第二喷油器，压气机通过进气管路连接发动机，涡轮通过排气管路连接发动机，PLC连接步进电机，步进电机连接丝杠，丝杠上安装滑块，滑块通过伸缩杆连接涡轮的喷嘴环叶片。本发明不仅能够实现发动机的近零碳排放，还能改善燃用氨燃料带来的冷启动性能差和动力性下降的影响，能够保证柴油/氨/氢燃料发动机在低负荷和高负荷都有足够的动力。

Figure 202210976736

The object of the present invention is to provide a diesel ignition ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC control VGT and a control method, including an engine, a diesel tank, an ammonia storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, a PLC, a stepping motor, a turbine, a compressor, and a The first fuel injector and the second fuel injector are respectively installed in the combustion chamber, the diesel tank is connected to the first fuel injector, the ammonia storage tank is connected to the fuel supply pipeline through the first flow meter, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the fuel supply through the second flow meter The pipeline, the oil supply pipeline is connected to the second injector, the compressor is connected to the engine through the intake pipeline, the turbine is connected to the engine through the exhaust pipeline, the PLC is connected to the stepper motor, the stepper motor is connected to the lead screw, and the slide screw is installed on the lead screw. The block, the slider is connected to the nozzle ring blades of the turbine through a telescopic rod. The invention can not only realize the near-zero carbon emission of the engine, but also improve the influence of poor cold start performance and power performance caused by burning ammonia fuel, and can ensure that the diesel/ammonia/hydrogen fuel engine has both low load and high load. enough power.

Figure 202210976736

Description

基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法Diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine and control method based on PLC control VGT

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及的是一种混合燃料发动机及其控制方法，具体地说是可变截面涡轮增压器混合燃料发动机及其控制方法。The invention relates to a mixed fuel engine and its control method, in particular to a variable section turbocharger mixed fuel engine and its control method.

背景技术Background technique

全球化石能源需求不断增加，化石燃料燃烧时温室气体排放严重，南北极冰山正在减少，冻土正在消融，海平面正在上升，很多不可再生能源已经进入匮乏状态，全球变暖趋势加剧。为限制温室气体排放阻止全球进一步变暖，必须对工业、航运、汽车等行业进行脱碳，柴油发动机使用可再生低碳或无碳特性替代燃料是实现零碳排放最有效的方案之一。现今很多可再生低碳能源已经被广泛研究并应用于发动机，如甲醇、丁醇、二甲醚、草酸甲乙酯、生物柴油等，但这些燃料的使用仅实现了低碳排放无法达到零碳；NH3是一种高能量密度燃料、是世界第二最常见的化学物质，其生产成本极低，原材料来源广泛可通过多种方法获得，制备氨的技术成熟，且氨完全燃烧时产物为水和氮气，是优质的可再生清洁能源。为实现碳中和目标达到零碳排放，研究学者们对氨作为零碳燃料的前景十分看好，对于氨燃料投入的研究也越来越多，但由于氨汽化潜热值为柴油5倍，掺氨大幅降低缸内温度，并且氨燃烧时火焰传播速度慢，纯氨压燃发动机的引燃和燃烧十分困难，以至于将柴油机压缩比调整至30:1也无法实现压燃，只能通过柴油等其他低碳燃料引燃才能实现柴油机氨燃烧，并且当掺氨量过大时氨逃逸现象明显。The global demand for fossil energy is increasing, and greenhouse gas emissions are serious when fossil fuels are burned. Icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic are decreasing, permafrost is melting, and sea levels are rising. Many non-renewable energy sources have entered a state of scarcity, and the trend of global warming is intensifying. In order to limit greenhouse gas emissions and prevent further global warming, industries such as industry, shipping, and automobiles must be decarbonized. The use of renewable low-carbon or carbon-free alternative fuels for diesel engines is one of the most effective solutions to achieve zero carbon emissions. Nowadays, many renewable low-carbon energy sources have been widely researched and applied to engines, such as methanol, butanol, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl oxalate, biodiesel, etc., but the use of these fuels only achieves low-carbon emissions and cannot achieve zero-carbon ; NH3 is a high energy density fuel and the second most common chemical substance in the world. Its production cost is extremely low, and its raw material source is wide and can be obtained by various methods. The technology for preparing ammonia is mature, and the product is water when ammonia is completely combusted. And nitrogen, is a high-quality renewable clean energy. In order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and achieve zero carbon emissions, researchers are very optimistic about the prospect of ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel, and more and more researches have been done on the input of ammonia fuel. The temperature in the cylinder is greatly reduced, and the flame propagation speed is slow when the ammonia is burned. The ignition and combustion of the pure ammonia compression ignition engine are very difficult, so that the compression ignition of the diesel engine cannot be achieved even if the compression ratio of the diesel engine is adjusted to 30:1. Only by diesel etc. The ignition of other low-carbon fuels can realize the combustion of ammonia in diesel engines, and the phenomenon of ammonia slip is obvious when the amount of ammonia mixed is too large.

氢气热值高，燃烧时火焰传播速度快，属于高活性燃料，且燃烧产物为水，对环境无任何污染，被认为是最理想的燃料，氢气这些性质也经常被研究学者作为燃料活化剂用来与其他可再生低碳燃料掺混使用，以提高混合燃料活性，促进缸内燃烧反应进程，多项研究成果表明，掺混一定量的氢气能有效加速燃烧反应，氨掺混一定量氢气改善了发动机燃用纯氨燃料的着火性能和燃烧性能，为了氨燃料能大掺混比在发动机上使用，必须添加氢气以改善氨的燃烧性能。柴油引燃的氨/氢混合燃料发动机是实现近零碳排放最有效的方法之一。Hydrogen has a high calorific value, and the flame spreads quickly during combustion. It is a highly active fuel, and the combustion product is water, without any pollution to the environment. It is considered to be the most ideal fuel. These properties of hydrogen are often used by researchers as fuel activators. It can be blended with other renewable low-carbon fuels to improve the activity of the mixed fuel and promote the combustion reaction process in the cylinder. A number of research results have shown that blending a certain amount of hydrogen can effectively accelerate the combustion reaction, and ammonia blending a certain amount of hydrogen can improve In order to improve the ignition performance and combustion performance of the engine burning pure ammonia fuel, hydrogen must be added to improve the combustion performance of ammonia in order to use the ammonia fuel in a large mixing ratio. Diesel-ignited ammonia/hydrogen hybrid fuel engines are one of the most efficient ways to achieve near-zero carbon emissions.

但氨燃料的热值低、燃烧时火焰传播速度慢，且汽化潜热值高，燃用氨燃料后，发动机的着火和燃烧性能下降，动力性和冷启动性能下降。废气涡轮增压作为当前普及度最高的增压方式，具有能量利用率高、系统结构紧凑和造价低廉等特点。但由于传统废气涡轮增压器的涡轮截面是固定不变，所以增压器高效运行范围较窄。柴油机低负荷工况运行时，排气供能少，增压器效率低，增压效果差，严重时甚至出现涡轮迟滞的现象；当柴油机处于高负荷运行时，由于涡轮截面是固定的，导致排气背压过大，增压器转速过高，不利于柴油机安全可靠的工作。可变截面涡轮增压技术可通过调节导流叶片开度来改变涡流截面大小，这就相当于有无数个不同尺寸的涡轮，以满足柴油机在不同工况下高效运行，从而扩大柴油机的运行范围。However, ammonia fuel has low calorific value, slow flame propagation speed during combustion, and high vaporization latent heat value. After burning ammonia fuel, the ignition and combustion performance of the engine will decrease, and the power and cold start performance will decrease. As the most popular supercharging method at present, exhaust gas turbocharging has the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, compact system structure and low cost. However, since the turbine cross-section of the traditional exhaust gas turbocharger is fixed, the high-efficiency operating range of the turbocharger is narrow. When the diesel engine is running under low load conditions, the exhaust energy supply is less, the efficiency of the turbocharger is low, the supercharging effect is poor, and even the phenomenon of turbo hysteresis occurs in severe cases; The exhaust back pressure is too large and the speed of the turbocharger is too high, which is not conducive to the safe and reliable operation of the diesel engine. The variable cross-section turbocharging technology can change the size of the vortex cross-section by adjusting the opening of the guide vane, which is equivalent to having countless turbines of different sizes to meet the high-efficiency operation of the diesel engine under different working conditions, thereby expanding the operating range of the diesel engine .

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供不仅能够实现发动机的近零碳排放，还能改善燃用氨燃料带来的冷启动性能差和动力性下降的影响，同时能够保证柴油/氨/氢燃料发动机在低负荷和高负荷有足够动力的基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide not only the near-zero carbon emission of the engine, but also the improvement of the impact of poor cold start performance and power decline caused by burning ammonia fuel, and at the same time, it can ensure that the diesel/ammonia/hydrogen fuel engine operates at low load. A PLC-based VGT controlled VGT diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine with sufficient power and high load and a control method.

本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

本发明基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机，其特征是：包括发动机、柴油箱、储氨罐、储氢罐、PLC、步进电机、涡轮、压气机，涡轮与压气机同轴，发动机的燃烧室分别安装第一喷油器、第二喷油器，柴油箱连接第一喷油器，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，供油管路连接第二喷油器，压气机通过进气管路连接发动机，涡轮通过排气管路连接发动机，PLC连接步进电机，步进电机连接丝杠，丝杠上安装滑块，滑块通过伸缩杆连接涡轮的喷嘴环叶片。The present invention is based on the PLC control VGT diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine, which is characterized in that it includes an engine, a diesel tank, an ammonia storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, a PLC, a stepping motor, a turbine, a compressor, and the turbine and the compressor shaft, and the combustion chamber of the engine are respectively equipped with the first fuel injector and the second fuel injector, the diesel tank is connected to the first fuel injector, the ammonia storage tank is connected to the oil supply pipeline through the first flow meter, and the hydrogen storage tank is The meter is connected to the oil supply pipeline, the oil supply pipeline is connected to the second injector, the compressor is connected to the engine through the intake pipeline, the turbine is connected to the engine through the exhaust pipeline, the PLC is connected to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor is connected to the lead screw, screw A slide block is installed on the bar, and the slide block is connected to the nozzle ring blade of the turbine through a telescopic rod.

本发明基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机还可以包括：The diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC control VGT of the present invention may also include:

1、丝杠上分别安装第一限位器和第二限位器，第一限位器和第二限位器的位置分别对应涡轮的最大开度和最小开度。1. The first limiter and the second limiter are respectively installed on the lead screw, and the positions of the first limiter and the second limiter correspond to the maximum opening degree and the minimum opening degree of the turbine respectively.

本发明基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机控制方法，其特征是：新鲜空气由压气机进入进气管路在进入发动机燃烧室内，柴油从油箱流经油阀通过第一喷油器喷射，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐和储氢罐流出，在供油管路中混合，氨氢混合燃料通过第二喷油器喷射，燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路通过涡轮排放至大气中，以此实现柴油引燃的氨/氢燃料发动机近零碳燃烧模式，实现发动机近零碳燃烧和近零碳排放；PLC控制步进电机带动丝杠转动，控制滑块向左或向右运动，滑块连接的伸缩杆摆动，伸缩杆驱动涡轮的喷嘴环叶片转动，在低负荷时控制涡轮在小开度，以提高发动机低负荷时的工作性能，在高负荷时控制涡轮在大开度以保证发动机在大负荷时的工作性能。The present invention is based on PLC control VGT diesel ignition ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine control method, characterized in that: the fresh air enters the intake pipeline from the compressor and enters the combustion chamber of the engine, and the diesel oil flows from the fuel tank through the oil valve and through the first fuel injector Injection, ammonia and hydrogen flow out of the ammonia storage tank and hydrogen storage tank respectively, and are mixed in the fuel supply pipeline. The ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel is injected through the second injector, and the exhaust gas generated by combustion flows through the exhaust pipeline and is discharged through the turbine. to the atmosphere, so as to realize the near-zero carbon combustion mode of the ammonia/hydrogen fuel engine ignited by diesel oil, and realize the near-zero carbon combustion and near-zero carbon emission of the engine; the PLC controls the stepping motor to drive the screw to rotate, and controls the slider to the left or Moving to the right, the telescopic rod connected by the slider swings, and the telescopic rod drives the nozzle ring blades of the turbine to rotate, and controls the turbine at a small opening at low load to improve the working performance of the engine at low load, and controls the turbine at high load. Large opening to ensure the working performance of the engine under heavy load.

本发明的优势在于：本发明不仅能够实现发动机的近零碳排放，还能改善燃用氨燃料带来的冷启动性能差和动力性下降的影响，能够保证柴油/氨/氢燃料发动机在低负荷和高负荷都有足够的动力。The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention can not only realize the near-zero carbon emission of the engine, but also improve the influence of poor cold start performance and power drop caused by burning ammonia fuel, and can ensure that diesel/ammonia/hydrogen fuel engines operate at low There's plenty of power for loads and high loads.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:

结合图1，基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨/氢混合燃料发动机实验台架结构包括：压气机1、进气管路2、发动机3、喷油器I4、喷油器II5、柴油箱6、柴油阀门7、储氨罐8、流量计I9、供油管路10、储氢罐11、流量计II12、排气管路13、涡轮机14、伸缩杆15、滑块16、丝杠17、台架18、限位器I19、限位器II20、PLC21、步进电机22。一方面新鲜空气由压气机1进入进气管路2在进入发动机3缸内，柴油从柴油箱6流经柴油阀门7通过喷油器I4向缸内喷柴油，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐8和储氢罐11流出，在氨和氢供气管处设置两个流量计9和10用来控制氨与氢燃料的掺混比例，氨/氢在供油管路10中混合，氨/氢混合燃料通过喷油器II5向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，缸内燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路13通过涡轮机14排放至大气中，以此实现柴油引燃的氨/氢燃料发动机近零碳燃烧模式，实现发动机近零碳燃烧和近零碳排放。另一方面PLC控制21步进电机22带动丝杠17转动，丝杠17控制滑块16向左或向右运动，滑块16动连接的伸缩杆15摆动，伸缩杆15驱动涡轮机14喷嘴环叶片转动，在低负荷时控制VGT在小开度，以提高发动机低负荷时的工作性能，在高负荷时控制VGT在大开度以保证发动机在大负荷时的工作性能，限位器I19-和限位器II20-用来控制滑块所能达到的最大距离同时也分别表示VGT的最大开度和最小开度。图中箭头方向为气体和燃料流动方向。Combining with Fig. 1, the experimental bench structure of diesel ignited ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC control VGT includes: compressor 1, intake pipeline 2, engine 3, fuel injector I4, fuel injector II5, diesel tank 6, Diesel valve 7, ammonia storage tank 8, flowmeter I9, oil supply pipeline 10, hydrogen storage tank 11, flowmeter II12, exhaust pipeline 13, turbine 14, telescopic rod 15, slider 16, lead screw 17, platform Frame 18, limiter I19, limiter II20, PLC21, stepper motor 22. On the one hand, fresh air enters the intake pipe 2 from the compressor 1 and then enters the cylinder 3 of the engine. The diesel oil flows from the diesel tank 6 through the diesel valve 7 and injects diesel oil into the cylinder through the fuel injector I4. The ammonia and hydrogen are respectively sent from the ammonia storage tank. 8 and hydrogen storage tank 11 flow out, two flowmeters 9 and 10 are set at the ammonia and hydrogen gas supply pipe to control the mixing ratio of ammonia and hydrogen fuel, ammonia/hydrogen is mixed in the oil supply pipeline 10, ammonia/hydrogen The mixed fuel injects the ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel into the cylinder through the injector II5, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion in the cylinder flows through the exhaust pipeline 13 and is discharged into the atmosphere through the turbine 14, so as to realize the close proximity of the ammonia/hydrogen fuel engine ignited by diesel. The zero-carbon combustion mode realizes near-zero-carbon combustion and near-zero carbon emission of the engine. On the other hand, the PLC control 21 stepper motor 22 drives the lead screw 17 to rotate, the lead screw 17 controls the slider 16 to move left or right, the slider 16 moves the connected telescopic rod 15 to swing, and the telescopic rod 15 drives the turbine 14 nozzle ring blades Rotate, control the VGT at a small opening at low load to improve the working performance of the engine at low load, control the VGT at a large opening at high load to ensure the working performance of the engine at high load, limiter I19- and The limiter II20-is used to control the maximum distance that the slider can reach, and it also represents the maximum opening and minimum opening of the VGT respectively. The direction of the arrow in the figure is the flow direction of gas and fuel.

本方法通过双喷油器形式实现，喷油器I4向缸内喷柴油，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐8和储氢罐11流出，在氨和氢供气管处设置两个流量计用来控制氨与氢燃料的掺混比例，氨/氢在供油管路10中混合，氨/氢混合燃料通过喷油器II5向缸内喷氨氢混合燃料，实现柴油引燃氨/氢混合燃料发动机近零碳燃烧，氨与氢皆是可再生的清洁能源，其自身不含碳，燃烧过程不会有碳排放，实现了内燃机近零碳排放。但由于氨燃料的热值低、燃烧时火焰传播速度慢，且汽化潜热值高，燃用氨燃料后，发动机的着火和燃烧性能下降，动力性和冷启动性能下降。基于PLC控制的VGT增压系统，可以智能调节涡轮机的叶片开度，与传统定涡轮增压器相比，大幅提高发动机各负荷下的进气压力，从而提高缸内进气量，促进缸内燃烧，提高发动机的动力性能。一定程度上能够实现，燃用氨燃料后的发动机也能达到与原机一样的工作性能。This method is realized in the form of double fuel injectors. Fuel injector I4 sprays diesel oil into the cylinder, ammonia and hydrogen flow out from ammonia storage tank 8 and hydrogen storage tank 11 respectively, and two flowmeters are set at the ammonia and hydrogen gas supply pipes. To control the blending ratio of ammonia and hydrogen fuel, the ammonia/hydrogen is mixed in the oil supply pipeline 10, and the ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel is sprayed into the cylinder through the injector II5 to realize the ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel for diesel ignition The fuel engine has near-zero carbon combustion. Ammonia and hydrogen are both renewable and clean energy sources. They do not contain carbon themselves, and there will be no carbon emissions during the combustion process, achieving near-zero carbon emissions from internal combustion engines. However, due to the low calorific value of ammonia fuel, slow flame propagation speed during combustion, and high vaporization latent heat value, after burning ammonia fuel, the ignition and combustion performance of the engine will decrease, and the power and cold start performance will decrease. The VGT supercharging system based on PLC control can intelligently adjust the blade opening of the turbine. Compared with the traditional fixed turbocharger, it can greatly increase the intake pressure of the engine under various loads, thereby increasing the intake air volume in the cylinder and promoting the internal pressure of the cylinder. Combustion improves the power performance of the engine. To a certain extent, it can be realized that the engine after burning ammonia fuel can also achieve the same working performance as the original engine.

Claims (3)

1.基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机，其特征是：包括发动机、柴油箱、储氨罐、储氢罐、PLC、步进电机、涡轮、压气机，涡轮与压气机同轴，发动机的燃烧室分别安装第一喷油器、第二喷油器，柴油箱连接第一喷油器，储氨罐通过第一流量计连接供油管路，储氢罐通过第二流量计连接供油管路，供油管路连接第二喷油器，压气机通过进气管路连接发动机，涡轮通过排气管路连接发动机，PLC连接步进电机，步进电机连接丝杠，丝杠上安装滑块，滑块通过伸缩杆连接涡轮的喷嘴环叶片。1. A diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC control VGT, which is characterized by: including engine, diesel tank, ammonia storage tank, hydrogen storage tank, PLC, stepping motor, turbine, compressor, turbine and compressor shaft, and the combustion chamber of the engine are respectively equipped with the first fuel injector and the second fuel injector, the diesel tank is connected to the first fuel injector, the ammonia storage tank is connected to the oil supply pipeline through the first flow meter, and the hydrogen storage tank is The meter is connected to the oil supply pipeline, the oil supply pipeline is connected to the second injector, the compressor is connected to the engine through the intake pipeline, the turbine is connected to the engine through the exhaust pipeline, the PLC is connected to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor is connected to the lead screw, screw A slide block is installed on the bar, and the slide block is connected to the nozzle ring blade of the turbine through a telescopic rod. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机及控制方法，其特征是：丝杠上分别安装第一限位器和第二限位器，第一限位器和第二限位器的位置分别对应涡轮的最大开度和最小开度。2. The diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine and control method based on PLC control VGT according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the first stopper and the second stopper are respectively installed on the lead screw, the first stopper The positions of the limiter and the second limiter correspond to the maximum opening degree and the minimum opening degree of the turbine respectively. 3.基于PLC控制VGT的柴油引燃氨氢混合燃料发动机控制方法，其特征是：新鲜空气由压气机进入进气管路在进入发动机燃烧室内，柴油从油箱流经油阀通过第一喷油器喷射，氨气和氢气分别从储氨罐和储氢罐流出，在供油管路中混合，氨氢混合燃料通过第二喷油器喷射，燃烧产生的废气流经排气管路通过涡轮排放至大气中，以此实现柴油引燃的氨/氢燃料发动机近零碳燃烧模式，实现发动机近零碳燃烧和近零碳排放；PLC控制步进电机带动丝杠转动，控制滑块向左或向右运动，滑块连接的伸缩杆摆动，伸缩杆驱动涡轮的喷嘴环叶片转动，在低负荷时控制涡轮在小开度，以提高发动机低负荷时的工作性能，在高负荷时控制涡轮在大开度以保证发动机在大负荷时的工作性能。3. The control method of diesel ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC control VGT is characterized in that: fresh air enters the intake pipeline from the compressor and enters the combustion chamber of the engine, and diesel oil flows from the fuel tank through the oil valve through the first fuel injector Injection, ammonia and hydrogen flow out of the ammonia storage tank and hydrogen storage tank respectively, and are mixed in the fuel supply pipeline. The ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel is injected through the second injector, and the exhaust gas generated by combustion flows through the exhaust pipeline and is discharged through the turbine. to the atmosphere, so as to realize the near-zero carbon combustion mode of the ammonia/hydrogen fuel engine ignited by diesel oil, and realize the near-zero carbon combustion and near-zero carbon emission of the engine; the PLC controls the stepping motor to drive the screw to rotate, and controls the slider to the left or Moving to the right, the telescopic rod connected by the slider swings, and the telescopic rod drives the nozzle ring blades of the turbine to rotate, and controls the turbine at a small opening at low load to improve the working performance of the engine at low load, and controls the turbine at high load. Large opening to ensure the working performance of the engine under heavy load.
CN202210976736.7A 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 VGT (variable geometry Fuel) controlled diesel ignition ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel engine based on PLC (programmable logic controller) and control method Pending CN115306599A (en)

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CN116220889A (en) * 2023-01-31 2023-06-06 清华大学 Compression ignition ammonia hydrogen fusion engine
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CN116220889A (en) * 2023-01-31 2023-06-06 清华大学 Compression ignition ammonia hydrogen fusion engine
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