CN115197160A - 杂环化合物 - Google Patents
杂环化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115197160A CN115197160A CN202210625914.1A CN202210625914A CN115197160A CN 115197160 A CN115197160 A CN 115197160A CN 202210625914 A CN202210625914 A CN 202210625914A CN 115197160 A CN115197160 A CN 115197160A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- phenyl
- trifluoromethyl
- bis
- examples
- Prior art date
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 273
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 102100038246 Retinol-binding protein 4 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 101710137011 Retinol-binding protein 4 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 (4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)oxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 301
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 46
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 208000002780 macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 108091000053 retinol binding Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000029752 retinol binding Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- MAWCWRDYVZNCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propanoic acid Chemical compound O1C(CCC(=O)O)=NC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=N1 MAWCWRDYVZNCQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XCECAPJDJRUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]propanoic acid Chemical compound O1C(CCC(=O)O)=NC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 XCECAPJDJRUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZSHHYICTGWALA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-[4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]propanoate Chemical compound O1C(CCC(=O)OCC)=NC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 GZSHHYICTGWALA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HLOZPNUCKNFJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]propanoate Chemical compound O1C(CCC(=O)OC)=NC(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 HLOZPNUCKNFJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 35
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 25
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 206010064930 age-related macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 101000772194 Homo sapiens Transthyretin Proteins 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 14
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- 102000056556 human TTR Human genes 0.000 description 14
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004916 (C1-C6) alkylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 13
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
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- 125000005974 C6-C14 arylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 10
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- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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Abstract
本发明提供了杂环化合物,其具有优异的RBP4降低作用,并且用作预防或治疗由于RBP4的升高或由RBP4所提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或症状的药物。式(I)所代表的化合物,其中,每个符号如说明书所定义,或其盐,具有优良的RBP4降低作用,并且用作预防或治疗由于RBP4的升高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或症状的药物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2015年10月22日、中国申请号为201580057721.9、发明名称为“杂环化合物”的发明申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用作药物的杂环化合物,所述药物用于预防或治疗由于RBP4的提高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或病症,例如,年龄相关的黄斑变性(age-relatedmacular degeneration)、斯塔加特氏病(Stargardt’s disease),等等。
(本发明的背景)
众所周知,视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol binding protein 4,在下文中有时缩写为“RBP4”)是主要在肝中产生的唯一的血液视黄醇转移蛋白。
RBP4与视黄醇和TTR(transthyretin,运甲状腺素蛋白)结合,形成复合物,并且稳定地存在于血液中。当RBP4成为与TTR分离的游离形式时,它在肾中相对快速地被分解,并且从肾排出。尽管RBP4和视黄醇的结合实际上对与TTR形成复合物是否是必要的还不清楚,然而,芬维A胺(fenretinide)(视黄醇衍生物)抑制RBP4与视黄醇的结合,并因此抑制与TTR形成复合物。众所周知,给予动物芬维A胺(fenretinide),可以引起血液RBP4的降低(非专利文献1)。
据报道,在RBP4提供的视黄醇与眼科疾病之间存在关系。例如,眼睛中存在的过量水平的维生素A,可以诱导各种视网膜疾病,包括黄斑变性,并且减少RBP4可有效用于预防或治疗这些眼科疾病(专利文献1)。
在患有地图状萎缩(GA)(萎缩性年龄相关的黄斑变性(AMD)的最晚期形式)的患者中研究了芬维A胺(Fenretinide)。人们认为,芬维A胺(Fenretinide)可通过与RBP4的亲合性来终止视黄醇(维生素A)毒的累积。据认为减缓毒副产物例如,A2E(二-类视黄醇吡啶鎓)的形成和累积,这种毒副产物与疾病(例如,GA,等等)中的视力丧失有关。SirionTherapeutics Inc.公开报道了评价芬维A胺(fenretinide)(用于治疗与AMD有关的GA)的二期实验的分析的积极结果。
从上可知,为了预防或治疗眼科疾病,预计可以使用具有降低血液RBP4值(浓度)的作用的药物。在本说明书中,“降低血液RBP4值(浓度)的作用”有时称为“RBP4降低作用”,“具有降低血液RBP4值(浓度)的作用的药物”有时称为“RBP4降低药物”。
专利文献2公开了具有血糖降低和葡糖耐量改善效果的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
专利文献3公开了用作代谢性骨疾病的治疗剂的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
专利文献4公开了具有RBP4降低作用并且可用于预防或治疗糖尿病、肥胖症等等的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
专利文献5公开了具有RBP4降低作用并且可用于预防或治疗糖尿病等等的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
专利文献6公开了具有RBP4降低作用并且可用于预防或治疗糖尿病、年龄相关的黄斑变性等等的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
专利文献7公开了分析多肽序列所使用的下列化合物∶
专利文献8公开了具有RBP4降低作用的下列化合物∶
其中,每个符号如文献所定义。
[文献列表]
[专利文献]
专利文献1∶WO 2009/042444
专利文献2∶US5,239,080
专利文献3∶US5,371,098
专利文献4∶WO 2009/051244
专利文献5∶WO 2009/145286
专利文献6∶WO 2010/119992
专利文献7∶WO 2003/031984
专利文献8∶US3,625,970
[非专利文献]
非专利文献1∶Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1294,48-54(1996)
本发明概述
本发明解决的问题
本发明的目的是,提供具有RBP4降低作用并且可用于预防或治疗由于RBP4的升高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或病症的杂环化合物,例如,年龄相关的黄斑变性、斯塔加特氏病,等等,还提供了含有所述杂环化合物的药物。
解决问题的方法
本发明人进行了深入的研究,以图解决上述问题,并且发现下式(I)所代表的化合物具有优良的RBP4降低作用,这导致本发明的完成。
因此,本发明提供了下列内容。
[1]式(I)所代表的化合物∶
其中
环A是任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环;
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基,不包括
3-{4-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,3-噁唑-2-基}丙酸;
3-{4-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,3-噁唑-2-基}丙酸甲酯;
3-{4-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-1,3-噁唑-2-基}丙酸乙酯;和
3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-5-基)丙酸,
或其盐(在本说明书中,有时缩写为“化合物(I)”);
[2]上述[1]的化合物或其盐,其中,R是氢原子;
[3]上述[1]的化合物或其盐,其中,环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环;
[4]上述[1]或[2]的化合物或其盐,其中,环A是吡唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环;
[5]((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸或其盐;
[6]((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸或其盐;
[7]3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸或其盐;
[8]((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸或其盐;
[9]((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸或其盐;
[10]含有[1]或[2]的化合物或其盐的药物;
[11][10]的药物,其是视黄醇结合蛋白4降低药物;
[12][10]的药物,其是黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病的预防或治疗剂;
[13][1]或[2]的化合物或其盐,其用于预防或治疗黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病;
[14]降低哺乳动物的视黄醇结合蛋白4的方法,所述方法包括:给予哺乳动物有效量的[1]或[2]的化合物或其盐;
[15]预防或治疗哺乳动物的黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病的方法,所述方法包括:给予哺乳动物有效量的[1]或[2]的化合物或其盐;
[16][1]或[2]的化合物或其盐在制备黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病的预防或治疗剂中的用途;
[17][1]的化合物或其盐,其中,当环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环时,X是CH2或O,当环A是含氮原子以外的杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环时,X是O。
本发明的效果
按照本发明,提供由于RBP4的升高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或病症的预防或治疗剂,例如,年龄相关的黄斑变性、斯塔加特氏病,等等。
(本发明的详细说明)
下面详细描述本说明书中使用的每个取代基的定义。除非另作说明,否则,每个取代基具有下列定义。
在本说明书中,“卤素原子”的例子包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷基”的例子包括:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、己基、异己基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基和2-乙基丁基。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C1-6烷基”包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C1-6烷基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括:甲基、氯甲基、二氟甲基、三氯甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、2-溴乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、四氟乙基、五氟乙基、丙基、2,2-二氟丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、异丙基、丁基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、5,5,5-三氟戊基、己基和6,6,6-三氟己基。
在本说明书中,“C2-6烯基”的例子包括:乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-己烯基、3-己烯基和5-己烯基。
在本说明书中,“C2-6炔基”的例子包括:乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、1-己炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基、5-己炔基和4-甲基-2-戊炔基。
在本说明书中,“C3-10环烷基”的例子包括:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、二环[2.2.1]庚基、二环[2.2.2]辛基、二环[3.2.1]辛基和金刚烷基。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C3-10环烷基”的例子包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C3-10环烷基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括:环丙基、2,2-二氟环丙基、2,3-二氟环丙基、环丁基、二氟环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。
在本说明书中,“C3-10环烯基”的例子包括环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基和环辛烯基。
在本说明书中,“C6-14芳基”的例子包括苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基和9-蒽基。
在本说明书中,“C7-16芳烷基”的例子包括苄基、苯乙基、萘基甲基和苯丙基。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷氧基”的例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C1-6烷氧基”的例子包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C1-6烷氧基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、4,4,4-三氟丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、戊氧基和己氧基。
在本说明书中,“C3-10环烷基氧基”的例子包括环丙基氧基、环丁基氧基、环戊基氧基、环己基氧基、环庚基氧基和环辛基氧基。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷硫基”的例子包括:甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基、丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、戊硫基和己硫基。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C1-6烷硫基”的例子包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C1-6烷硫基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括甲硫基、二氟甲硫基、三氟甲基硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基、丁硫基、4,4,4-三氟丁硫基、戊硫基和己硫基。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷基-羰基”的例子包括乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、2-甲基丙酰基、戊酰基、3-甲基丁酰基、2-甲基丁酰基、2,2-二甲基丙酰基、己酰基和庚酰。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C1-6烷基-羰基”的例子包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C1-6烷基-羰基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括乙酰基、氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、三氯乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基和己酰基。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷氧基-羰基”的例子包括甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、丙氧羰基、异丙氧羰基、丁氧羰基、异丁氧羰基、仲丁氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、戊氧羰基和己氧羰基。
在本说明书中,“C6-14芳基-羰基”的例子包括苯甲酰基、1-萘酰基和2-萘酰基。
在本说明书中,“C7-16芳烷基-羰基”的例子包括苯乙酰基和苯丙酰基。
在本说明书中,“5至14元芳香杂环基羰基”的例子包括烟酰基、异烟酰基、噻吩甲酰基和糠酰基。
在本说明书中,“3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基”的例子包括吗啉基羰基、哌啶基羰基和吡咯烷基羰基。
在本说明书中,“单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基”的例子包括甲基氨基甲酰基、乙基氨基甲酰基、二甲基氨基甲酰基、二乙基氨基甲酰基和N-乙基-N-甲基氨基甲酰基。
在本说明书中,“单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基”的例子包括苄基氨基甲酰基和苯乙基氨基甲酰基。
在本说明书中,“C1-6烷基磺酰基”的例子包括甲磺酰基、乙磺酰基、丙磺酰基、异丙基磺酰基、丁磺酰基、仲丁磺酰基和叔丁磺酰基。
在本说明书中,“任选卤代的C1-6烷基磺酰基”的例子包括任选具有1至7个卤素原子的C1-6烷基磺酰基,优选1至5个卤素原子。其具体实例包括甲磺酰基、二氟甲磺酰基、三氟甲基磺酰、乙磺酰基、丙磺酰基、异丙基磺酰基、丁磺酰基、4,4,4-三氟丁磺酰基、戊磺酰基和己磺酰基。
在本说明书中,“C6-14芳基磺酰基”的例子包括苯磺酰基、1-萘磺酰基和2-萘磺酰基。
在本说明书中,“取代基”的例子包括卤素原子、氰基、硝基、任选取代的烃基团、任选取代的杂环基团、酰基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的氨基甲酰基、任选取代的硫代氨甲酰基、任选取代的氨磺酰基、任选取代的羟基、任选取代的硫烷基(SH)和任选取代的甲硅烷基。
在本说明书中“烃基团”(包括“任选取代的烃基团”的“烃基团”)的例子包括C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-10环烷基、C3-10环烯基、C6-14芳基和C7-16芳烷基。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的烃基团”的例子包括任选具有选自下列取代基组A的取代基的烃基团。
[取代基组A]
(1)卤素原子,
(2)硝基,
(3)氰基,
(4)氧代,
(5)羟基,
(6)任选卤代的C1-6烷氧基,
(7)C6-14芳氧基(例如,苯氧基、萘氧基),
(8)C7-16芳烷氧基(例如,苄氧基),
(9)5至14元芳香杂环基氧基(例如,吡啶基氧基),
(10)3至14元非芳香杂环基氧基(例如,吗啉基氧基、哌啶基氧基),
(11)C1-6烷基-羰基氧基(例如,乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基),
(12)C6-14芳基-羰基氧基(例如,苯甲酰氧基、1-萘甲酰氧基、2-萘甲酰氧基),
(13)C1-6烷氧基-羰基氧基(例如,甲氧基羰基氧基、乙氧基羰基氧基、丙氧羰基氧基、丁氧基羰基氧基),
(14)单或二-C1-6烷基-氨甲酰氧基(例如,甲基氨甲酰氧基、乙基氨甲酰氧基、二甲基氨甲酰氧基、二乙基氨甲酰氧基),
(15)C6-14芳基-氨甲酰氧基(例如,苯基氨甲酰氧基、萘基氨甲酰氧基),
(16)5至14元芳香杂环基羰基氧基(例如,烟酰氧基),
(17)3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基氧基(例如,吗啉基羰基氧基、哌啶基羰基氧基),
(18)任选卤代的C1-6烷基磺酰氧基(例如,甲磺酰氧基、三氟甲基磺酰氧基),
(19)任选被C1-6烷基取代的C6-14芳基磺酰氧基(例如,苯基磺酰氧基、甲苯磺酰氧基),
(20)任选卤代的C1-6烷硫基,
(21)5至14元芳香杂环基团,
(22)3至14元非芳香杂环基团,
(23)甲酰基,
(24)羧基,
(25)任选卤代的C1-6烷基-羰基,
(26)C6-14芳基-羰基,
(27)5至14元芳香杂杂环基羰基,
(28)3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基,
(29)C1-6烷氧基-羰基,
(30)C6-14芳氧基-羰基(例如,苯氧羰基、1-萘氧羰基、2-萘氧羰基),
(31)C7-16芳烷氧基-羰基(例如,苄氧羰基、苯乙基氧羰基),
(32)氨基甲酰基,
(33)硫代氨甲酰基,
(34)单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基,
(35)C6-14芳基-氨基甲酰基(例如,苯氨基甲酰),
(36)5至14元芳香杂环基氨基甲酰基(例如,吡啶基氨基甲酰基、噻吩基氨基甲酰基),
(37)3至14元非芳香杂环基氨基甲酰基(例如,吗啉基氨基甲酰基、哌啶基氨基甲酰基),
(38)任选卤代的C1-6烷基磺酰基,
(39)C6-14芳基磺酰基,
(40)5至14元芳香杂环磺酰基(例如,吡啶基磺酰基、噻吩基磺酰基),
(41)任选卤代的C1-6烷基亚磺酰基,
(42)C6-14芳基亚磺酰基(例如,苯亚磺酰基、1-萘亚磺酰基、2-萘亚磺酰基),
(43)5至14元芳香杂环基亚磺酰基(例如,吡啶基亚磺酰基、噻吩基亚磺酰基),
(44)氨基,
(45)单或二-C1-6烷基氨基(例如,甲基氨基、乙胺基、丙氨基、异丙胺基、丁胺基、二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二丙基氨基、二丁基氨基、N-乙基-N-甲基氨基),
(46)单或二-C6-14芳氨基(例如,苯基氨基),
(47)5至14元芳香杂环基氨基(例如,吡啶氨基),
(48)C7-16芳烷基氨基(例如,苄基氨基),
(49)甲酰氨基,
(50)C1-6烷基-羰基氨基(例如,乙酰氨基、丙酰氨基、丁酰氨基),
(51)(C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基-羰基)氨基(例如,N-乙酰基-N-甲基氨基),
(52)C6-14芳基-羰基氨基(例如,苯基羰基氨基、萘基羰基氨基),
(53)C1-6烷氧基-羰基氨基(例如,甲氧羰基氨基、乙氧基羰基氨基、丙氧羰基氨基、丁氧羰基氨基、叔丁氧羰基氨基),
(54)C7-16芳烷氧基-羰基氨基(例如,苄氧羰基氨基),
(55)C1-6烷基磺酰氨基(例如,甲基磺酰氨基、乙基磺酰氨基),
(56)任选被C1-6烷基取代的C6-14芳基磺酰氨基(例如,苯磺酰氨基、甲苯磺酰氨基),
(57)任选卤代的C1-6烷基,
(58)C2-6烯基,
(59)C2-6炔基,
(60)C3-10环烷基,
(61)C3-10环烯基,和
(62)C6-14芳基。
在“任选取代的烃基团”中,上述取代基的数目是,例如,1至5个,优选1至3个。当取代基的数目是两个或多个时,相应的取代基可以相同或不同。
在本说明书中,“杂环基团”(包括“任选取代的杂环基团”的“杂环基团”)的例子包括:(i)芳香杂环基团,(ii)非芳香杂环基团,以及(iii)7至10元桥联杂环基团,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,每个含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。
在本说明书中,“芳香杂环基团”(包括“5至14元芳香杂环基团”)的例子包括5至14元(优选5至10元)芳香杂环基团,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,还含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。
“芳香杂环基团”的优选例子包括5或6元单环芳香杂环基团,例如,噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、1,3,4-噻二唑基、三唑基、四唑基、三嗪基,等等;和
8至14元稠合多环(优选双或三环)芳香杂环基团,例如,苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并三唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、呋喃并吡啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、噁唑并吡啶基、噻唑并吡啶基、咪唑并吡嗪基、咪唑并嘧啶基、噻吩并嘧啶基、呋喃并嘧啶基、吡咯并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、噁唑并嘧啶基、噻唑并嘧啶基、吡唑并三嗪基、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、(夹)氧硫蒽基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、1H-吲唑基、嘌呤基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、酞嗪基、萘啶基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、噌琳基、咔唑基、β-咔啉基、菲啶基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基,等等。
在本说明书中,“非芳香杂环基团”(包括“3至14元非芳香杂环基团”)的例子包括3至14元(优选4至10元)非芳香杂环基团,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,还含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。
“非芳香杂环基团”的优选例子包括3至8元单环非芳香杂环基团,例如,氮丙啶基、氧杂环丙基、硫杂丙环基、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、噁唑啉基、噁唑烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、噻唑啉基、噻唑烷基、四氢异噻唑基、四氢噁唑基、四氢异噁唑基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、四氢吡啶基、二氢吡啶基、二氢硫吡喃基、四氢嘧啶基、四氢哒嗪基、二氢吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、四氢硫吡喃基、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、氮杂环庚烷基、二氮杂环庚烷基、氮杂环庚三烯基、氧杂环庚烷基、氮杂环辛烷基、二氮杂环辛烷基,等等;和
9至14元稠合多环(优选双或三环)非芳香杂环基团,例如,二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢苯并咪唑基、二氢苯并噁唑基、二氢苯并噻唑基、二氢苯并异噻唑基、二氢萘并[2,3-b]噻吩基、四氢异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、4H-喹嗪基、二氢吲哚基、异二氢吲哚基、四氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶基、四氢苯并氮杂卓基、四氢喹喔啉基、四氢菲啶基、六氢吩噻嗪基、六氢吩噁嗪基、四氢酞嗪基、四氢萘啶基、四氢喹唑啉基、四氢噌琳基、四氢咔唑基、四氢-β-咔啉基、四氢吖啶基、四氢吩嗪基、四氢噻吨基、八氢异喹啉基,等等。
在本说明书中,“7至10元桥联杂环基团”的优选例子包括奎宁环基和7-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷基。
在本说明书中,“含氮杂环基团”的例子包括含有至少一个氮原子作为环构成原子的“杂环基团”。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的杂环基团”的例子包括任选具有选自上述取代基组A的取代基的杂环基团。
在“任选取代的杂环基团”中,取代基的数目是,例如,1至3个。当取代基的数目是两个或多个时,相应的取代基可以相同或不同。
在本说明书中,“酰基”的例子包括甲酰基、羧基、氨基甲酰基、硫代氨甲酰基、亚磺基、磺基、氨磺酰基和膦酰基,每个任选具有“1或2个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C3-10环烯基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、5至14元芳香杂环基团和3至14元非芳香杂环基团的取代基,每个任选具有1至3个选自卤素原子、任选卤代的C1-6烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基、氨基和氨基甲酰基的取代基”。
“酰基”的例子还包括烃-磺酰基、杂环磺酰基、烃-亚磺酰基和杂环基亚磺酰基。
本文中,烃磺酰基是指烃基团键合的磺酰基,杂环磺酰基是指杂环基团键合的磺酰基,烃-亚磺酰基是指烃基团键合的亚磺酰基,杂环基亚磺酰基是指杂环基团键合的亚磺酰基。
“酰基”的优选例子包括:甲酰基、羧基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C2-6烯基-羰基(例如,巴豆酰基)、C3-10环烷基-羰基(例如,环丁羰基、环戊烷羰基、环已羰基、环庚烷羰基)、C3-10环烯基-羰基(例如,2-环己烯羰基)、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、C6-14芳氧基-羰基(例如,苯氧羰基、萘氧羰基)、C7-16芳烷氧基-羰基(例如,苄氧羰基、苯乙基氧羰基)、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基、单或二-C2-6烯基-氨基甲酰基(例如,二烯丙基氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基-氨基甲酰基(例如,环丙基氨甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-氨基甲酰基(例如,苯氨基甲酰)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基、5至14元芳香杂环基氨基甲酰基(例如,吡啶基氨基甲酰基)、硫代氨甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,甲基硫代氨基甲酰基、N-乙基-N-甲基硫代氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C2-6烯基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,二烯丙基硫代氨甲酰基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,环丙基硫代氨甲酰基、环己基硫代氨甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,苯基硫代氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,苯甲基硫代氨基甲酰基、苯乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)、5至14元芳香杂环基硫代氨甲酰基(例如,吡啶基硫代氨基甲酰基)、亚磺基、C1-6烷基亚磺酰基(例如,甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基)、磺基、C1-6烷基磺酰基、C6-14芳基磺酰基、膦酰基和单或二-C1-6烷基膦酰基(例如,二甲基膦酰基、二乙基膦酰基、二异丙基膦酰基、二丁基膦酰基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的氨基”的例子包括:任选具有“1或2个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基基团、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基和C6-14芳基磺酰基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的氨基。
任选取代的氨基的优选例子包括:氨基、单或二-(任选卤代的C1-6烷基)氨基(例如,甲基氨基、三氟甲基氨基、二甲基氨基、乙胺基、二乙基氨基、丙氨基、二丁基氨基)、单或二-C2-6链烯基氨基(例如,二烯丙基氨基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基氨基(例如,环丙基氨基、环己基氨基)、单或二-C6-14芳氨基(例如,苯基氨基)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基氨基(例如,苄基氨基、二苄基氨基)、单或二-(任选卤代的C1-6烷基)-羰基氨基(例如,乙酰氨基、丙酰基氨基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-羰基氨基(例如,苯甲酰氨基)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-羰基氨基(例如,苄基羰基氨基)、单或二-5至14元芳香杂环基羰基氨基(例如,烟酰氨基、异烟酰氨基)、单或二-3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基氨基(例如,哌啶基羰基氨基)、单或二-C1-6烷氧基-羰基氨基(例如,叔丁氧羰基氨基)、5至14元芳香杂环基氨基(例如,吡啶氨基)、氨甲酰氨基、(单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基)氨基(例如,甲基氨甲酰氨基)、(单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基)氨基(例如,苄基氨甲酰氨基)、C1-6烷基磺酰氨基(例如,甲基磺酰氨基、乙基磺酰氨基)、C6-14芳基磺酰氨基(例如,苯磺酰氨基)、(C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基-羰基)氨基(例如,N-乙酰基-N-甲基氨基)和(C1-6烷基)(C6-14芳基-羰基)氨基(例如,N-苯甲酰基-N-甲基氨基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的氨基甲酰基”的例子包括:任选具有“1或2个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基和单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的氨基甲酰基。
任选取代的氨基甲酰基的优选例子包括:氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基、单或二-C2-6烯基-氨基甲酰基(例如,二烯丙基氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基-氨基甲酰基(例如,环丙基氨甲酰基、环己基氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-氨基甲酰基(例如,苯基氨基甲酰)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-羰基-氨基甲酰基(例如,乙酰基氨基甲酰基、丙酰基氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-羰基-氨基甲酰基(例如,苯甲酰基氨基甲酰基)和5至14元芳香杂环基氨基甲酰基(例如,吡啶基氨基甲酰基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的硫代氨甲酰基”的例子包括:任选具有“1或2个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基团、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基和单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的硫代氨甲酰基。
任选取代的硫代氨甲酰基的优选例子包括:硫代氨甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,甲基硫代氨基甲酰基、乙基硫代氨基甲酰基、二甲基硫代氨基甲酰基、二乙基硫代氨基甲酰基、N-乙基-N-甲基硫代氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C2-6烯基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,二烯丙基硫代氨甲酰基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,环丙基硫代氨甲酰基、环己基硫代氨甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,苯基硫代氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,苯甲基硫代氨基甲酰基、苯乙基硫代氨基甲酰基)、单或二-C1-6烷基-羰基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,乙酰基硫代氨甲酰基、丙酰基硫代氨甲酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-羰基-硫代氨甲酰基(例如,苯甲酰基硫代氨甲酰基)和5至14元芳香杂环基硫代氨甲酰基(例如,吡啶基硫代氨基甲酰基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的氨磺酰基”的例子包括:任选具有“1或2个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基团、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基和单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的氨磺酰基。
任选取代的氨磺酰基的优选例子包括:氨磺酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨磺酰基(例如,甲基氨磺酰基、乙基氨磺酰基、二甲氨磺酰基、二乙氨磺酰基、N-乙基-N-甲基氨磺酰基)、单或二-C2-6烯基-氨磺酰基(例如,二烯丙基氨磺酰基)、单或二-C3-10环烷基-氨磺酰基(例如,环丙基氨磺酰基、环己基氨磺酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-氨磺酰基(例如,苯基氨基磺酰)、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨磺酰基(例如,苄基氨磺酰基、苯乙基氨磺酰基)、单或二-C1-6烷基-羰基-氨磺酰基(例如,乙酰基胺磺酰基、丙酰基氨磺酰基)、单或二-C6-14芳基-羰基-氨磺酰基(例如,苯甲酰基氨磺酰基)和5至14元芳香杂环基氨磺酰基(例如,吡啶基氨磺酰基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的羟基”的例子包括:任选具有“选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基、C7-16芳烷基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基、C1-6烷氧基-羰基、5至14元芳香杂环基团、氨基甲酰基、单或二-C1-6烷基-氨基甲酰基、单或二-C7-16芳烷基-氨基甲酰基、C1-6烷基磺酰基和C6-14芳基磺酰基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的羟基。
任选取代的羟基的优选例子包括:羟基、C1-6烷氧基、C2-6链烯氧基(例如,烯丙氧基、2-丁烯氧基、2-戊烯氧基、3-己烯氧基)、C3-10环烷基氧基(例如,环己基氧基)、C6-14芳氧基(例如,苯氧基、萘氧基)、C7-16芳烷氧基(例如,苄氧基、苯乙基氧基)、C1-6烷基-羰基氧基(例如,乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基、丁酰氧基、异丁酰氧基、戊酰氧基)、C6-14芳基-羰基氧基(例如,苯甲酰氧基)、C7-16芳烷基-羰基氧基(例如,苄基羰基氧基)、5至14元芳香杂环基羰基氧基(例如,烟酰氧基)、3至14元非芳香杂环基羰基氧基(例如,哌啶基羰基氧基)、C1-6烷氧基-羰基氧基(例如,叔丁氧基羰基氧基)、5至14元芳香杂环基氧基(例如,吡啶基氧基)、氨甲酰氧基、C1-6烷基-氨甲酰氧基(例如,甲基氨甲酰氧基)、C7-16芳烷基-氨甲酰氧基(例如,苄基氨甲酰氧基)、C1-6烷基磺酰氧基(例如,甲磺酰氧基、乙基磺酰基氧基)和C6-14芳基磺酰氧基(例如,苯基磺酰基氧基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的硫烷基基团”的例子包括:任选具有“选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基、C7-16芳烷基、C1-6烷基-羰基、C6-14芳基-羰基和5至14元芳香杂环基团的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的硫烷基和卤代的硫烷基。
任选取代的硫烷基的优选例子包括:硫烷基(-SH)、C1-6烷硫基、C2-6链烯基硫基(例如,烯丙基硫基、2-丁烯基硫基、2-戊烯基硫基、3-己烯基硫基)、C3-10环烷基硫基(例如,环己基硫基)、C6-14芳硫基(例如,苯硫基、萘硫基)、C7-16芳烷基硫基(例如,苯甲硫基、苯乙基硫基)、C1-6烷基-羰基硫基(例如,乙酰基硫基、丙酰基硫基、丁酰基硫基、异丁酰基硫基、新戊酰硫基)、C6-14芳基-羰基硫基(例如,苯甲酰基硫基)、5至14元芳香杂环基硫基(例如,吡啶基硫基)和卤代的硫基(例如,五氟硫基)。
在本说明书中,“任选取代的甲硅烷基”的例子包括:任选具有“1至3个选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C3-10环烷基、C6-14芳基和C7-16芳烷基的取代基,每个取代基任选具有1至3个选自取代基组A的取代基”的甲硅烷基。
任选取代的甲硅烷基的优选例子包括:三-C1-6烷基甲硅烷基(例如,三甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基)。
在本说明书中,“烃环”的例子包括C6-14芳香烃环、C3-10环烷和C3-10环烯。
在本说明书中,“C6-14芳香烃环”的例子包括苯和萘。
在本说明书中,“C3-10环烷”的例子包括环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷、环己烷、环庚烷和环辛烷。
在本说明书中,“C3-10环烯”的例子包括环丙烯、环丁烯、环戊烯、环己烯、环庚烯和环辛烯。
在本说明书中,“杂环”的例子包括芳香杂环和非芳香杂环,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,各自还含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。
在本说明书中,“芳香杂环”的例子包括5至14元(优选5至10元)芳香杂环,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,还含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。“芳香杂环”的优选例子包括5或6元单环芳香杂环,例如,噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、噻唑、异噻唑、噁唑、异噁唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、1,2,4-噁二唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、三唑、四唑、三嗪,等等;以及
8至14元稠合多环(优选二或三环)芳香杂环,例如,苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并咪唑、苯并噁唑、苯并异噁唑、苯并噻唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并三唑、咪唑并吡啶、噻吩并吡啶、呋喃并吡啶、吡咯并吡啶、吡唑并吡啶、噁唑并吡啶、噻唑并吡啶、咪唑并哌嗪、咪唑并嘧啶、噻吩并嘧啶、呋喃并嘧啶、吡咯并嘧啶、吡唑并嘧啶、噁唑并嘧啶、噻唑并嘧啶、吡唑并嘧啶、吡唑并三嗪、萘并[2,3-b]噻吩、夹氧硫杂蒽、吲哚、异吲哚、1H-吲唑、嘌呤、异喹啉、喹啉、酞嗪、萘啶、喹喔啉、喹唑啉、噌啉、咔唑、β-咔啉、菲啶、吖啶、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吩噁嗪,等等。
在本说明书中,“非芳香杂环”的例子包括3至14元(优选4至10元)非芳香杂环,作为构成环的原子,除了碳原子之外,还含有1至4个选自氮原子、硫原子和氧原子的杂原子。“非芳香杂环”的优选例子包括3至8元单环非芳香杂环,例如,氮丙啶、氧杂环丙烷、硫杂丙环、氮杂环丁烷、氧杂环丁烷、硫杂环丁烷、四氢噻吩、四氢呋喃、吡咯啉、吡咯烷、咪唑啉、咪唑烷、噁唑啉、噁唑烷、二氢吡唑、吡唑烷、噻唑啉、四氢噻唑、四氢异噻唑、四氢噁唑、四氢异噁唑、哌啶、哌嗪、四氢吡啶、二氢吡啶、二氢硫吡喃、四氢嘧啶、四氢哒嗪、二氢吡喃、四氢吡喃、四氢硫吡喃、吗啉、硫吗啉、氮杂环庚烷、二氮杂环庚烷、氮杂环庚三烯、氮杂环辛烷、二氮杂环辛烷、氧杂环庚烷,等等;和
9至14元稠合的多环(优选二或三环)非芳香杂环,例如,二氢苯并呋喃、二氢苯并咪唑、二氢苯并噁唑、二氢苯并噻唑、二氢苯并异噻唑、二氢萘并[2,3-b]噻吩、四氢异喹啉、四氢喹啉、4H-喹嗪、二氢吲哚、异二氢吲哚、四氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶、四氢苯并氮杂环庚三烯、四氢喹喔啉、四氢菲啶、六氢吩噻嗪、六氢吩噁嗪、四氢酞嗪、四氢萘啶、四氢喹唑啉、四氢噌啉、四氢咔唑、四氢-β-咔啉、四氢吖啶、四氢吩嗪、四氢噻吨、八氢异喹啉,等等。
在本说明书中,“含氮杂环”的例子包括含有至少一个氮原子作为环构成原子的“杂环”。
在本说明书中,任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环的“单环含氮芳香杂环”是,例如,上述“芳香杂环”,它是单环,并且作为构成环的原子,含有至少一个氮原子,并因此取代基包括上述“取代基”。
下面详细地定义式(I)中的每个符号。
环A是任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环。在式(I)中,与下式所代表的基团键合的环A上的原子不局限于碳原子,可以是杂原子(例如,氮原子)。
环A的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环的“单环含氮芳香杂环”包括5或6元单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、噁唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环)。
环A的“任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环”的“单环含氮芳香杂环”在可取代的位置任选进一步被1至3个(优选1或2个)取代基取代,所述取代基不是3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基和HOOC-CH2-X-基团。
“取代基”的例子包括:卤素原子(例如,氟、氯、溴、碘)、任选卤代的C1-6烷基(例如,三氟甲基)、C3-6环烷基、C1-6烷氧基和C6-14芳基(例如,苯基)。
对于环A,优选,没有进一步被取代的单环含氮芳香杂环,即,优选,没有被取代基(不是3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基和HOOC-CH2-X-基团)取代的单环含氮芳香杂环。在本说明书中,环A的“没有进一步被取代的单环含氮芳香杂环(没有被不同于3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基和HOOC-CH2-X-基团的取代基取代)”有时简单地缩写为“单环含氮芳香杂环”。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,优选,环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环),更优选吡唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环。
X是CH2或O。
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基。
R的“C1-6烷基”的实例包括:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、己基、异己基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基和2-乙基丁基。
优选,R是氢原子。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,当环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环)时,X是CH2或O,当环A是含有氮原子以外的杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,噁唑环)时,X是O。
化合物(I)的优选例子包括下列化合物。
[化合物I-1]
化合物(I),其中,环A是任选进一步取代的5或6元单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、噁唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环);
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-2]
化合物(I),其中,环A是5或6元单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、噁唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环);
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-3]
化合物(I),其中,环A是吡唑环、噁唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环;
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-4]
化合物(I),其中,环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环);
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-5]
化合物(I),其中,环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的单环含氮芳香杂环(例如,吡唑环、吡啶环、嘧啶环);
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-6]
化合物(I),其中,环A是吡唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环;
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子或C1-6烷基(例如,甲基、乙基)。
[化合物I-7]
化合物(I),其中,环A是吡唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环;
X是CH2或O;
R是氢原子。
化合物(I)的具体例子包括实施例1至10的化合物。这些当中,更优选实施例1至5的化合物。
当化合物(I)是盐时,其例子包括金属盐、铵盐、与有机碱形成的盐、与无机酸形成的盐、与有机酸形成的盐、与碱性或酸性氨基酸形成的盐。作为金属盐的优选例子,可以提及碱金属盐,例如,钠盐、钾盐,等等;碱土金属盐,例如,钙盐、镁盐、钡盐,等等;铝盐。作为与有机碱形成的盐的优选例子,可以提及与下列有机碱形成的盐:三甲胺、三乙胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、环己胺、二环己基胺、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺,等等。作为与无机酸形成的盐的优选例子,可以提及与盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸等等形成的盐。作为与有机酸形成的盐的优选例子,可以提及与下列有机酸形成的盐:甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、苯二酸、富马酸、草酸、酒石酸、马来酸、枸橼酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸,等等。作为与碱性氨基酸形成的盐的优选实例,可以提及与精氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸等等形成的盐。作为与酸性氨基酸形成的盐的优选实例,可以提及与门冬氨酸、谷氨酸等等形成的盐。
这些当中,优选可药用盐。例如,当化合物具有酸性官能团时,可以提及无机盐,例如,碱金属盐(例如,钠盐、钾盐,等等)、碱土金属盐(例如,钙盐、镁盐、等等)、铵盐,等等。当化合物具有碱性官能团时,可以提及与无机酸形成的盐,例如,盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸,等等,以及与有机酸形成的盐,例如,乙酸、苯二酸、富马酸、草酸、酒石酸、马来酸、枸橼酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸,等等。
在本说明书中,化合物(I)、化合物(I)的晶体、化合物(I)的前体药物等等有时共同缩写为“本发明的化合物”。
[制备方法]
下面解释本发明化合物的制备方法。
在下面的制备方法中,每个步骤使用的起始原料和试剂、以及所获得的化合物可以各自形成盐。盐的例子包括与上述本发明化合物的盐相似的那些盐,等等。
当每个步骤所获得的化合物是游离化合物时,可以按照本来已知的方法,将它转变为目标盐。反之,当每个步骤所获得的化合物是盐时,可以按照本领域本来已知的方法,将这种盐转变为游离形式或另一种目标盐。
每个步骤所获得的化合物还可以以其反应混合物形式或获得其粗品之后的形式用于下一个反应。或者,可以按照常规方法,利用分离方法,例如,浓缩、结晶、重结晶、蒸馏、溶剂提取、分馏、色谱,等等,将每个步骤所获得的化合物从反应混合物中分离和/或纯化出来。
当每个步骤的起始原料和试剂化合物是商购化合物时,可以直接使用商购产品。
在每个步骤的反应中,反应时间根据所使用的试剂和溶剂而变化,通常是1分钟至48小时,优选10分钟至8小时,除非另作说明。
在每个步骤的反应中,反应温度根据所使用的试剂和溶剂而变化,通常是-78℃至300℃,优选-78℃至150℃,除非另作说明。
在每个步骤的反应中,压力根据所使用的试剂和溶剂而变化,通常是1atm至20atm,优选1atm至3atm,除非另作说明。
在每个步骤的反应中,有时使用微波合成器,例如Biotage制造的Initiator,等等。反应温度根据所使用的试剂和溶剂而变化,通常为室温至300℃,优选50℃至250℃,除非另作说明。反应时间根据所使用的试剂和溶剂而变化,通常是1分钟至48小时,优选1分钟至8小时,除非另作说明。
在每个步骤的反应中,相对于底物,使用0.5当量至20当量的试剂,优选0.8当量至5当量,除非另作说明。当试剂用作催化剂时,相对于底物,使用0.001当量至1当量的试剂,优选0.01当量至0.2当量。当试剂也是反应溶剂时,使用溶剂量的试剂。
在每个步骤的反应中,可以不使用溶剂,或溶解或悬浮在合适的溶剂中,除非另作说明。溶剂的具体例子包括实施例和下面所描述的那些溶剂。
醇∶甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、2-甲氧基乙醇,等等;
醚∶乙醚、二苯醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,等等;
芳香烃∶氯苯、甲苯、二甲苯,等等;
饱和烃∶环己烷、己烷,等等;
酰胺∶N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮,等等;
卤代烃∶二氯甲烷、四氯化碳,等等;
腈∶乙腈,等等;
亚砜∶二甲亚砜,等等;
芳香有机碱∶吡啶,等等;
酸酐∶乙酸酐,等等;
有机酸∶甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸,等等;
无机酸∶盐酸、硫酸,等等;
酯∶乙酸乙酯,等等;
酮∶丙酮、甲基乙基酮,等等;和
水。
可以使用上述溶剂的两种或多种溶剂的合适比例的混合物。
当每个步骤的反应使用碱时,例如,使用如下所示的碱,或实施例所描述的那些碱。
无机碱∶氢氧化钠、氢氧化镁,等等;
碱性盐∶碳酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钾、碳酸铯,等等;
有机碱∶三乙胺、二乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、N,N-二甲苯胺、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-7-十一碳烯、咪唑、哌啶,等等;
金属醇化物∶乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾,等等;
碱金属氢化物∶氢化钠,等等;
金属酰胺∶氨基钠、二异丙基酰胺锂、六甲基二硅胺化锂,等等;和
有机锂∶正丁基锂,等等。
当每个步骤的反应使用酸或酸性催化剂时,例如,使用如下所示的酸和酸性催化剂,或实施例所描述的那些酸和酸性催化剂。
无机酸∶盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、磷酸,等等;
有机酸∶乙酸、三氟乙酸、枸橼酸、对甲苯磺酸、10-樟脑磺酸,等等;和
路易斯酸∶三氟化硼-乙醚复合物、碘化锌、无水氯化铝、无水氯化锌、无水氯化铁,等等。
除非另作说明,否则,按照本来已知的方法进行每个步骤的反应,例如,下列文献所描述的方法:Jikken Kagaku Kouza 5th edition,vol.13-vol.19(The ChemicalSociety of Japan ed.);Shinjikken Kagaku Kouza(Courses in ExperimentalChemistry),vol.14-vol.15(The Chemical Society of Japan ed.);Fine OrganicChemistry rev.2nd edition(L.F.Tietze,Th..Eicher,NANKODO);rev.Organic NameReactions,Their Mechanism and Essence(Hideo Togo,Kodansha);ORGANIC SYNTHESESCollective Volume I-VII(John Wiley&Sons Inc);Modern Organic Synthesis in theLaboratory,A Collection of Standard Experimental Procedures(Jie Jack Li,OXFORD UNIVERSITY);Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry III,Vol.1-Vol.14(Elsevier Japan KK);Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in OrganicSynthesis(translation supervisor Kiyoshi Tomioka,KAGAKUDOJIN);ComprehensiveOrganic Transformations(VCH Publishers Inc.),1989等等,或实施例所描述的方法。
在每个步骤中,按照本来已知的方法进行官能团的保护或脱保护,例如,下列文献所描述的方法:“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,4th Ed.”(TheodoraW.Greene,Peter G.M.Wuts)Wiley-Interscience,2007;“Protecting Groups 3rd Ed.”(P.J.Kocienski)Thieme,2004等等,或实施例所描述的方法。
醇等等的羟基和酚羟基的保护基的例子包括:醚保护基,例如,甲氧基甲基醚、二苄醚、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚、四氢吡喃基醚,等等;羧酸型保护基,例如,乙酸酯,等等;磺酸酯保护基,例如,甲磺酸酯,等等;碳酸酯保护基,例如,碳酸叔丁基酯,等等;等等。
醛的羰基的保护基的例子包括:缩醛保护基,例如,二甲基缩醛,等等;环缩醛保护基,例如,环1,3-二噁烷,等等;等等。
酮的羰基的保护基的例子包括:缩酮保护基,例如,二甲基缩酮,等等;环缩酮保护基,例如,环1,3-二噁烷,等等;肟保护基,例如,O-甲基肟,等等;腙保护基,例如,N,N-二甲基腙,等等;等等。
羧基的保护基的例子包括:酯保护基,例如,甲酯,等等;酰胺保护基,例如,N,N-二甲酰胺,等等;等等。
硫醇的保护基的例子包括:醚保护基,例如,二苄硫醚,等等;酯保护基,例如,硫代乙酸酯、硫代碳酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯,等等;等等。
氨基和芳香杂环(例如,咪唑、吡咯、吲哚,等等)的保护基的例子包括:氨基甲酸酯保护基,例如,氨基甲酸苄酯,等等;酰胺保护基,例如,乙酰胺,等等;烷基胺保护基,例如,N-三苯基甲胺,等等;磺酰胺保护基,例如,甲磺酰胺,等等;等等。
可以利用本来已知的方法,除去保护基,例如,使用酸、碱、紫外线、肼、苯肼、N-甲基二硫代甲氨酸钠、四丁基氟化铵、乙酸钯、三烷基甲硅烷基卤(例如,三甲基甲硅烷基碘、三甲基甲硅烷基溴)的方法或还原法。
当每个步骤进行还原反应时,所使用的还原剂的例子包括:金属氢化物,例如,氢化铝锂、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H)、硼氢化钠、四甲基三乙酰氧基硼氢化铵,等等;硼烷,例如,硼烷四氢呋喃复合物,等等;Raney镍;Raney钴;氢气;甲酸;三乙硅烷,等等。当还原碳-碳双键或三键时,可以采用使用催化剂的方法,例如,钯-碳、Lindlar's催化剂,等等。
当每个步骤进行氧化反应时,所使用的氧化剂的例子包括:过酸,例如,间氯过苯甲酸(mCPBA)、过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢,等等;高氯酸盐,例如,四丁基高氯酸铵,等等;氯酸盐,例如,氯酸钠,等等;亚氯酸盐,例如,亚氯酸钠,等等;高碘酸,例如,高碘酸钠,等等;高价碘试剂,例如,亚碘酰苯,等等;含有锰的试剂,例如,二氧化锰、高锰酸钾,等等;铅,例如,四乙酸铅,等等;含有铬的试剂,例如,氯铬酸吡啶(PCC)、重铬酸吡啶(PDC)、琼斯试剂,等等;卤素化合物,例如,N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS),等等;氧;臭氧;三氧化硫-吡啶复合物;四氧化锇;二氧化硒;2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ),等等。
当每个步骤进行自由基环化反应时,所使用的自由基引发剂的例子包括:偶氮化合物,例如,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),等等;水溶性的自由基引发剂,例如,4,4'-氮杂双-4-氰基戊酸(ACPA),等等;在空气或氧气存在下的三乙基硼;过氧苯甲酰,等等。另外,所使用的游离基反应试剂的例子包括:三丁基锡烷、三(三甲硅烷基)硅烷、1,1,2,2-四苯基乙硅烷、二苯基硅烷、碘化钐,等等。
当每个步骤进行Wittig反应时,所使用的Wittig试剂的例子包括亚烷基膦,等等。可以利用本来已知的方法,制备亚烷基膦,例如,膦盐与强碱反应。
当每个步骤进行Horner-Emmons反应时,所使用的试剂的例子包括∶膦酰乙酸酯,例如,甲基二甲基膦酰基乙酸酯、乙基二乙基膦酰基乙酸酯,等等;以及碱,例如,碱金属氢化物、有机锂,等等。
当每个步骤进行Friedel-Crafts反应时,所使用的试剂的例子包括:路易斯酸和酰氯的组合物,或路易斯酸和烷基化剂(例如,卤化烃、醇、烯烃,等等)的组合物。或者,还可以使用有机酸或无机酸来代替路易斯酸,还可以使用酸酐(例如,乙酸酐,等等)来代替酰氯。
当每个步骤进行亲核取代反应时,亲核试剂(例如,胺、咪唑,等等)和碱(例如,碱式盐、有机碱,等等)用作试剂。
当每个步骤进行与阴碳离子的亲核加成反应、与阴碳离子的亲核1,4-加成反应(迈克尔加成反应)或与阴碳离子的亲核取代反应时,形成阴碳离子所使用的碱的例子包括有机锂、金属醇化物、无机碱、有机碱,等等。
当每个步骤进行格氏反应时,格氏试剂的例子包括:芳基卤化镁,例如,苯基溴化镁,等等;以及烷基卤化镁,例如,甲基溴化镁,等等。可以按照本来已知的方法制备格氏试剂,例如,在作为溶剂的醚或四氢呋喃中,烷基卤或芳基卤与金属镁反应。
当每个步骤进行Knoeventhegel缩合反应时,夹在两个吸电子基之间的活性亚甲基化合物(例如,丙二酸、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二腈,等等)和碱(例如,有机碱、金属醇化物、无机碱)用作试剂。
当每个步骤进行Vilsmeier-Haack反应时,磷酰氯和酰胺衍生物(例如,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,等等)用作试剂。
当每个步骤进行醇、烷基卤或磺酸酯的叠氮化反应时,所使用的叠氮化试剂的例子包括叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)、叠氮三甲基硅烷、叠氮化钠,等等。例如,当醇叠氮化时,可以采用使用叠氮磷酸二苯酯和1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一-7-烯(DBU)的方法、使用叠氮三甲基硅烷和路易斯酸的方法,等等。
当每个步骤进行还原胺化反应时,所使用的还原剂的例子包括:三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、氢气、甲酸,等等。当底物是胺化合物时,除了多聚甲醛之外,所使用的羰基化合物的例子还包括醛,例如,乙醛,等等,酮,例如,环己酮,等等。当底物是羰基化合物时,所使用的胺的例子包括氨、伯胺,例如,甲胺,等等;仲胺,例如,二甲胺,等等。
当每个步骤进行Mitsunobu反应时,偶氮二甲酸酯(例如,偶氮二甲酸二乙基酯(DEAD)、偶氮二甲酸二异丙基酯(DIAD)等等)和三苯基膦用作试剂。
当每个步骤进行酯化反应、酰胺化反应或脲化反应时,所使用的试剂的例子包括∶酰基卤形式,例如,酰氯、酰溴,等等;以及活化的羧酸,例如,酸酐、活性酯形式、硫酸酯形式,等等。羧酸的活化剂的例子包括∶碳二亚胺缩合剂,例如,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(WSCD),等等;三嗪缩合剂,例如,4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉盐酸盐-n-水合物(DMT-MM),等等;碳酸酯缩合剂,例如,1,1-羰二咪唑(CDI),等等;叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA);苯并三唑-1-基氧基-三(二甲基氨基)膦盐(BOP试剂);2-氯-1-甲基-吡啶鎓碘化物(Mukaiyama试剂);亚硫酰氯;卤代甲酸低级烷基酯,例如,氯甲酸乙酯,等等;O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU);硫酸;和其组合;等等。当使用碳二亚胺缩合剂时,可以将添加剂进一步加入到反应中,例如,1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)、二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP),等等。
当每个步骤进行偶合反应时,使用的金属催化剂的例子包括∶钯化合物,例如,醋酸钯(II)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)、二氯双(三苯基膦)钯(II)、二氯双(三乙膦)钯(II)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)、1,1'-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁氯化钯(II)、醋酸钯(II),等等;镍化合物,例如,四(三苯基膦)镍(0),等等;铑化合物,例如,三(三苯基膦)氯化铑(III),等等;钴化合物;铜化合物,例如,氧化铜、碘化铜(I),等等;铂化合物;等等。可以将碱进一步加入到反应中,这种碱的例子包括无机碱、碱式盐,等等。
当每个步骤进行硫代羰基化反应时,五硫化二磷代表性地用作硫代羰基化试剂。除了五硫化二磷之外,还可以使用具有1,3,2,4-二硫杂二磷杂环丁烷-2,4-二硫化物结构的试剂,例如,2,4-二(4-甲氧基苯基-1,3,2,4-二硫杂二磷杂环丁烷-2,4-二硫化物(Lawesson试剂),等等。
当每个步骤进行Wohl-Ziegler反应时,所使用的卤化剂的例子包括N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)、溴、磺酰氯,等等。此外,通过加热、光照、使用自由基引发剂(例如,过氧苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈,等等),可以促进该反应。
当每个步骤进行羟基的卤化反应时,所使用的卤化剂的例子包括:氢卤酸和无机酸的酰卤;具体地说,对于氯化反应,使用盐酸、亚硫酰氯、三氯氧磷,等等;对于溴化反应,使用48%氢溴酸,等等。另外,可以使用与三苯基膦和四氯化碳或四溴化碳等等反应获得卤代烷基形式的方法。或者,还可以使用通过两步合成卤代烷基形式的方法,包括:醇转变为磺酸酯,而后,磺酸酯与溴化锂、氯化锂或碘化钠反应。
当每个步骤进行Arbuzov反应时,所使用的试剂的例子包括:卤化烃,例如,溴乙酸乙酯,等等;以及亚磷酸酯,例如,亚磷酸三乙基酯、三(异丙基)亚磷酸酯,等等。
当每个步骤进行磺化反应时,所使用的磺酰化剂的例子包括甲磺酰氯、对甲苯磺酰氯、甲磺酸酐、对甲苯磺酸酐,等等。
当每个步骤进行水解反应时,酸或碱用作试剂。另外,当进行叔丁基酯的酸水解反应时,有时加入甲酸、三乙硅烷,等等,还原捕获副产物叔丁基阳离子。
当每个步骤进行脱水反应时,所使用的脱水剂的例子包括:硫酸、五氧化二磷、三氯氧磷、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺、氧化铝、多磷酸,等等。
当每个步骤进行硝化反应时,所使用的硝化剂的例子包括:硝酸、发烟硝酸和硝酸铜。利用浓硫酸、乙酸酐,等等,使反应活化。
当每个步骤进行卤化反应时,所使用的卤化剂的例子包括:N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)、一氯化碘、碘、溴、磺酰氯,等等。在该反应中,为了卤化剂的活化,可以使用添加剂,例如,三氟乙酸,等等。
当每个步骤进行酰化反应时,进行酰胺化反应、脲化反应、氨基甲酸化反应、硫代氨基甲酸化反应,等等。当进行氨基甲酸化反应或硫代氨基甲酸化时,所使用的试剂的实例包括:三光气、碳酸酯缩合剂,例如,1,1-羰二咪唑(CDI)等等,氯碳酸酯、氯碳酸硫代酯、异硫氰酸酯,等等。
当每个步骤进行环化反应时,通过Mitsunobu反应或烷基化反应进行。当进行烷基化反应时,碱用作试剂。
可以利用反应路线1所示的方法,或与其类似的方法,或实施例所描述的方法,由化合物(1)制备化合物(4)。在式中,R1代表任选取代的烃基团。
反应路线1
化合物(2)可以通过化合物(1)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯和碱的烷基化反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,等等。
购买的产品可以直接用作化合物(1),或可以利用本来已知的方法或与其类似的方法来制备化合物(1)。
化合物(3)可以通过化合物(2)、(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸、钯催化剂和碱的偶合反应来制备。所使用的钯催化剂的实例包括:四(三苯基膦)钯(0),等等,溶剂的实例包括:1,2-二甲氧基乙烷和水,等等。
化合物(4)可以通过化合物(3)和三氟乙酸的水解反应来制备。
可以利用反应路线2所示的方法,或与其类似的方法,或实施例所描述的方法,由化合物(5)制备化合物(8)。在式中,R1代表任选取代的烃基团。
反应路线2
化合物(6)可以通过化合物(5)、(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸、钯催化剂和碱的偶合反应来制备。所使用的钯催化剂的实例包括:四(三苯基膦)钯(0),等等,溶剂的实例包括:1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、水,等等。
购买的产品可以直接用作化合物(5),或可以利用本来已知的方法或与其类似的方法来制备化合物(5)。
化合物(7)可以通过化合物(6)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯和碱的烷基化反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,等等。
化合物(8)可以通过化合物(7)和碱的水解反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括水、乙醇、四氢呋喃,等等。
可以利用反应路线3所示的方法,或与其类似的方法,或实施例所描述的方法,由化合物(9)制备化合物(13)。
反应路线3
化合物(10)可以通过化合物(9)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛的烯氨酮形成反应来制备。
购买的产品可以直接用作化合物(9),或可以利用本来已知的方法或与其类似的方法来制备化合物(9)。
化合物(11)可以通过化合物(10)和肼一水合物的吡唑环形成反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括乙酸,等等。
化合物(12)可以通过化合物(11)3-溴丙腈和碱的烷基化反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,等等。
化合物(13)可以通过化合物(12)和盐酸的水解反应来制备。所使用的溶剂的实例包括水,等等。
可以利用反应路线4所示的方法,或与其类似的方法,或实施例所描述的方法,由化合物(9)制备化合物(20)。在式中,R1代表任选取代的烃基团。
反应路线4
可以通过化合物(9)和溴的溴化反应,制备化合物(14)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括乙酸,等等。
可以通过化合物(14)和甲酸钠的羟基化反应,制备化合物(15)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括甲醇,等等。
可以通过化合物(15)、氯甲酸苯基酯和碱的碳酸酯形成反应,制备化合物(16)。所使用的碱的例子包括吡啶,等等,溶剂的实例包括四氢呋喃,等等。
可以通过化合物(16)和乙酸铵的噁唑环形成反应,制备制备化合物(17)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括乙酸,等等。
可以通过化合物(17)、磷酰氯和N,N-二乙苯胺的氯化反应,制备化合物(18)。
可以通过化合物(18)、羟基醋酸叔丁基酯和氢化钠的芳香亲核取代反应,制备化合物(19)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括四氢呋喃,等等。
可以通过化合物(19)和碱的水解反应,制备化合物(20)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括水、甲醇、四氢呋喃,等等。
可以利用反应路线5所示的方法,或与其类似的方法,或实施例所描述的方法,由化合物(21)制备化合物(25)。在式中,R1代表任选取代的烃基团。
反应路线5
可以通过化合物(21)和氢氧化钠的脱盐反应,制备化合物(22)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括水、乙酸乙酯,等等。
购买的产品可以直接用作化合物(21),或可以利用本来已知的方法或与其类似的方法来制备化合物(21)。
可以通过化合物(22)、丙炔酸乙酯和碱的吡唑环形成反应,制备化合物(23)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括叔丁醇,等等。
可以通过化合物(23)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯和碱的烷基化反应,制备化合物(24)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,等等。
可以通过化合物(24)和碱的水解反应,制备化合物(25)。所使用的溶剂的实例包括水、甲醇、四氢呋喃,等等。
当化合物(I)具有旋光异构体、立体异构体、位置异构体或旋转异构体时,这些也包括在化合物(I)的范围内,并且可以按照本来已知的合成和分离方法(例如,浓缩、溶剂提取、柱色谱、重结晶,等等),获得单一产物。例如,当化合物(I)含有旋光异构体时,由该化合物拆分的旋光异构体也包括在化合物(I)的范围内。
旋光异构体可以按照本来已知的方法制备。具体地说,使用光学活性的合成中间体,或按照常规方法对最终产物的外消旋体进行旋光拆分,可以得到旋光异构体。
旋光拆分的方法可以是本来已知的方法,例如,分级重结晶方法、手性柱方法、非对应异构体方法,等等。
化合物(I)可以是晶体。
化合物(I)的晶体可以使用本身已知的结晶方法、通过化合物(I)的结晶来制备。
结晶方法的例子包括:溶液结晶方法,蒸汽结晶方法,熔化物结晶方法,等等。
作为所获得晶体的分析方法,通常利用粉末X射线衍射的晶体结构分析方法。此外,作为测定晶体取向的方法,还可以提及机械法、光学法,等等。
通过上述制备方法所获得的化合物(I)的晶体具有高纯度、高质量和低吸湿性,甚至在一般条件下长期保存之后也不会变性,并且在稳定性方面非常优越。由于还具有出色的生物学特性(例如,药物动力学(吸收、分配、代谢、排泄、效果表达),由此非常适合用作药物。
化合物(I)的前体药物是指:在生物体中、在生理条件下由于酶、胃酸等等的反应而能够转变为化合物(I)的化合物,也就是说,视酶而定,通过氧化、还原、水解等等而能够转变为化合物(I)的化合物;以及由于胃酸而能够通过水解等等转变为化合物(I)的化合物,等等。化合物(I)的前体药物可以是通过使化合物(I)中的氨基酰基化、烷基化或磷酸化获得的化合物(例如,使化合物(I)中的氨基二十酰基化、丙氨酰化、戊胺基羰基化、(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲氧羰基化、四氢呋喃基化、吡咯烷基甲基化、新戊酰氧基甲基化和叔丁基化等等所获得的化合物);使化合物(I)中的羟基酰基化、烷基化、磷酰化或硼化所获得的化合物[例如,使化合物(I)中的羟基乙酰化、棕榈酰化、丙酰化、新戊酰化、琥珀酰化、延胡索酰化、丙氨酰化或二甲基氨基甲基羰基化等等所获得的化合物];使化合物(I)中的羧基酯化或酰胺化获得的化合物[例如,使化合物(I)中的羧基乙酯化、苯酯化、羧甲基酯化、二甲基氨基甲基酯化、新戊酰氧基甲基酯化、乙氧基羰基氧基乙基酯化、酞基酯化、(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基酯化、环己基氧基羰基乙基酯化或甲基酰胺化等等所获得的化合物],等等。任何这些化合物可以利用本身已知的方法、由化合物(I)来制备。
化合物(I)的前体药物也可以是能够在生理条件下转变为化合物(I)的化合物,例如,描述在下列文献中的那些:“Development of Pharmaceutical Product”,Vol.7,Design of Molecules,p.163-198,Published by HIROKAWA SHOTEN(1990)。
化合物(I)可以是水合物、非水合物、溶剂化物和非溶剂化物。
化合物(I)还包括用同位素(例如,3H、14C、35S、125I,等等)等等标记的化合物。
化合物(I)还包括氘转化形式,在这种形式中,1H转变为2H(D)。
化合物(I)还包括互变异构体。
化合物(I)可以是可药用共晶体或共晶体盐。本文中,共晶体或共晶体盐是指由两种或多种具体物质构成的晶体物质,在室温下,每种物质是固体,各自具有不同的物理性能(例如,结构、熔点、熔融热、吸湿性、溶解度、稳定性,等等)。共晶体和共晶体盐可以利用本来已知的共结晶方法来制备。
化合物(I)还可以用作PET示踪物。
本发明的化合物具有优良的视黄醇结合蛋白4降低作用。本发明的化合物还具有优良的视黄醇结合蛋白4结合抑制作用(视黄醇结合蛋白4-TTR(运甲状腺素蛋白)结合抑制作用)。
因此,基于这些作用,本发明的化合物用作安全药物。例如,含有本发明化合物的本发明的药物可以在哺乳动物(例如,小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔子、猫、狗、牛、羊、猴子、人,等等)中用作视黄醇结合蛋白4相关疾病的预防或治疗剂。
当在本说明书中使用时,治疗还包括抑制疾病或病症的发展。
具体地说,本发明的化合物可以用作由于RBP4的升高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或病症的预防或治疗剂,例如,黄斑变性(例如,干性(萎缩或非血管性)年龄相关的黄斑变性、渗出性的(湿润或新生血管性)年龄相关的黄斑变性、地图状萎缩和/或光感受体的变性、黄斑营养不良和视网膜营养不良、视网膜病(例如,糖尿病性视网膜病、早产儿视网膜病)、色素性视网膜炎、视网膜静脉堵塞、视网膜动脉阻塞、青光眼或斯塔加特氏病(Stargardt疾病)。
本发明的化合物还可以用作预防或治疗下列疾病的药物:肥胖症、高脂质血症(例如,高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高LDL-胆醇血症、低HDL-胆醇血症、饭后高脂质血症)、高血压症、心力衰竭、糖尿病的并发症[例如,神经病、肾病、视网膜病、糖尿病性的心肌病、白内障、巨血管病、骨质减少、高渗性糖尿病昏迷、感染(例如,呼吸道感染、尿路感染、肠胃传染、表皮软组织感染、下肢感染)、糖尿病性坏疽、口干症、听觉减退、脑血管病症,周围血液循环病症]、代谢综合征、肌肉减少,等等。
本发明的化合物还可以用作预防或治疗下列疾病的药物:例如,骨质疏松症、恶病体质(例如,癌性恶病体质、结核病恶病体质、糖尿病恶病体质、血液病恶病体质、内分泌病恶病体质、感染性恶病体质或爱滋病诱导的恶病体质)、脂肪肝、多囊卵巢综合症、肾疾病(例如,糖尿病性肾病、肾小球肾炎、肾小球硬化症、肾病综合症、高血压性肾硬化、终端阶段肾病症)、肌肉营养不良、心肌梗塞、心绞痛、脑血管障碍(例如,脑梗塞、脑中风)、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏症、焦虑症、痴呆、胰岛素耐受性综合征、综合征X、高胰岛素血症、高胰岛素血症中的感觉障碍、肿瘤(例如,白血病、乳腺癌、前列腺癌症、皮肤癌)、过敏性肠综合症,急性或慢性腹泻,炎症性疾病(例如,慢性类风湿性关节炎、变形性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、腰痛、痛风、手术后或外伤后的炎症、肿胀、神经痛、咽喉炎、膀胱炎、肝炎(包括非酒精性脂肪肝炎)、肺炎、胰腺炎、肠炎、炎症性肠病(包括炎性结肠炎)、溃疡性结肠炎、胃粘膜损伤(包括阿司匹林引起的胃粘膜损伤))、小肠粘膜损伤、吸收障碍、睾丸功能障碍、内脏肥胖综合征和肌肉减少。
本发明的化合物还可以用作降低血清视黄醇、血清RBP(视黄醇结合蛋白)和/或血清TTR(运甲状腺素蛋白)的水平的药物,还可以用作预防或治疗例如高视黄醇(血清视黄醇水平过量)的药物。
本发明的化合物还可以用于上述各种疾病(例如,心血管状况,例如,心肌梗塞,等等)的二级预防和抑制其逐渐发展。
本发明的化合物可以直接用作本发明的药物,或用作利用本来已知的方法与可药用载体混合形成的药物组合物,所述方法是药物制剂的制备方法通常所使用的方法。
可以安全地口服或胃肠外给予哺乳动物(例如,人、猴子、牛、马、猪、小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔子、猫、狗、羊、山羊,等等)本发明的药物。
作为含有本发明化合物的药物,可以单独使用本发明的化合物,或按照本来已知的方法作为药物制剂的制备方法(例如,Japanese Pharmacopeia所描述的方法,等等),与可药用载体混合,制备成药物组合物。含有本发明化合物的药物,可以以下列形式安全地给予:例如,片剂(包括糖衣片剂、膜包衣片剂、舌下片剂、口腔崩解片、颊含片,等等)、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂(包括软胶囊、微囊)、锭剂、糖浆剂、液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、控制释放制剂(例如,立即释放制剂、缓释制剂、缓释微囊)、气雾剂、膜剂(例如,口腔崩解膜剂、口腔粘膜粘附膜剂)、注射剂(例如,皮下注射、静脉注射、肌内注射、腹膜内注射)、静脉输液、透皮吸收式的制剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂、洗剂、粘附制剂、栓剂(例如,直肠栓剂、阴道栓剂)、药粒、鼻制剂、肺制剂(例如,吸入剂)、滴眼液,等等,口服或胃肠外制剂(例如,静脉内、肌内、皮下、器官内、鼻内、皮内、滴剂、脑内、直肠内、阴道内、腹膜内和瘤体内给药、给予至肿瘤附近和给予至病变处)。
本发明化合物在本发明药物中的典型含量为整个药物的大约0.01至大约100wt%。
同时,本发明化合物的剂量根据给予患者、给药途径、靶向疾病、症状等等而不同,对于口服给予成年黄斑变性患者,单剂量通常是大约0.01至100mg/kg体重,优选0.05至30mg/kg体重,更优选0.1至10mg/kg体重,优选,每天给予1至3次。
作为可以用于制备本发明药物的上述可药用载体,可以提及通常用作制剂材料的各种有机或无机载体物质。例如,用于固体制剂的赋形剂、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂;用于液体制剂的溶剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂、等渗剂、缓冲剂和抚慰剂。在必要时,可以恰当地使用合适量的常规添加剂,例如,防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、甜味剂、吸附剂、润湿剂,等等。
对于赋形剂,可以提及,例如,乳糖、蔗糖、D-甘露糖醇、淀粉、玉米淀粉、结晶纤维素,轻质无水硅酸。
作为润滑剂,例如,可以提及硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、滑石粉、硅胶。
作为粘合剂,例如,可以提及结晶纤维素、砂糖、D-甘露糖醇、糊精、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、蔗糖、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠。
作为崩解剂,例如,可以提及淀粉、羧甲纤维素、羧甲纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉钠、L-羟丙基纤维素。
作为溶剂,例如,可以提及注射用水、醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、芝麻油、玉米油、橄榄油。
作为增溶剂,例如,可以提及聚乙二醇、丙二醇、D-甘露糖醇、苯甲酸苄酯、乙醇、三氨基甲烷、胆固醇、三乙醇胺、碳酸钠、枸橼酸钠。
作为悬浮剂,例如,可以提及表面活性剂,例如,硬脂酰三乙醇胺、月桂基磺酸钠、氨基丙酸月桂基酯、卵磷脂、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、单硬脂酸甘油酯,等等;亲水性聚合物,例如,聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素。
作为等渗剂,例如,可以提及葡萄糖、D-山梨糖醇、氯化钠、丙三醇、D-甘露糖醇。
作为缓冲剂,例如,可以提及缓冲剂,例如,磷酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐、柠檬酸盐,等等。
作为抚慰剂,例如,可以提及苯甲醇。
作为防腐剂,例如,可以提及对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、脱氢乙酸、山梨酸。
作为抗氧化剂,例如,可以提及亚硫酸盐、抗环血酸、α-生育酚。
作为着色剂,例如,可以提及水溶性的食用焦油色素(例如,食品色素,例如,食品色素红2号和3号,食品色素黄4号和5号,食品色素蓝1号和2号,等等),不溶于水的色淀颜料(例如,上述水溶性食用焦油色素的铝盐),天然色素(例如,β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素、氧化铁红)等等。
作为甜味剂,例如,可以提及糖精钠、二钾甘草甜素、阿斯巴甜、蛇菊。
作为吸附剂,可以提及多孔淀粉、硅酸钙(商标名∶Florite RE)、硅酸铝镁(商标名∶Neusilin)轻质无水硅酸(商标名∶Sylysia)。
作为湿润剂,可以提及单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、月桂酸二甘醇酯、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚。
当本发明的化合物用作软膏剂时,通过本发明化合物与常规软膏基质混合来制备,浓度为大约0.001至3%(W/W),优选大约0.01至1%(W/W)。优选,软膏剂的制备包括使本发明化合物成为粉末的步骤,或将制剂消毒的步骤。根据患者的病症,每天给予1至4次软膏剂。
作为软膏基质,可以提及纯的羊毛脂、白凡士林、聚乙二醇、Plastibase、液体石蜡。
为了提高本发明化合物的作用或降低该化合物的剂量等等,本发明的化合物可以与下列药物联合使用:例如,糖尿病的其它治疗剂、糖尿病并发症的治疗剂、高脂质血症的治疗剂、抗高血压药、抗肥胖药物、利尿剂、黄斑变性的治疗剂、抗氧剂、一氧化氮诱导剂、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂、抗血管生成剂、化疗剂、免疫治疗剂、抗血栓形成药物、骨质疏松症的治疗剂、抗痴呆药物、勃起功能障碍改善药物、失禁或尿频的治疗剂、排尿困难的治疗剂,等等(在下文缩写为并用药物)。这些并用药物可以是低分子量化合物或高分子量蛋白、多肽、抗体、疫苗,等等。
对本发明的化合物和并用药物的给药时间没有限制,可以同时给予给药患者,或以交错方式给药。
对给药形式没有具体限制,本发明的化合物和并用药物只须是联用即可。这种给药模式的例子包括下列∶
(1)给予单一制剂,这种制剂是通过同时加工本发明的化合物和并用药物所获得的,
(2)通过相同给药途径同时给予分别制备的本发明化合物和并用药物的两种制剂,
(3)通过相同给药途径以交错方式给予分别制备的本发明化合物和并用药物的两种制剂,
(4)通过不同给药途径同时给予分别制备的本发明化合物和并用药物的两种制剂,
(5)通过不同给药途径以交错方式给予分别制备的本发明化合物和并用药物的两种制剂(例如,按照本发明的化合物和并用药物的次序给药,或按照反顺序给药)。
基于临床上使用的剂量作为标准,可以恰当地选择并用药物的剂量。另外,可以按照给药的患者、给药途径、靶向疾病、症状、组合物等等来恰当地确定本发明化合物和并用药物的混合比例。例如,当给药患者是人时,每1重量份数的本发明的化合物,可以使用0.01至100重量份数的并用药物。
所述化合物可以与能够给患者提供相加效果或协同效果的手段组合使用,例如,使用体外流变过程(use of extracorporeal rheopheresis),使用可植入的小型望远镜(use of a transplantable compact telescope),玻璃疣的激光凝固(laserphotocoagulation of drusen),微刺激治疗(a microstimulation therapy),等等。
上述“糖尿病的治疗剂”的实例包括:胰岛素制剂(例如,从牛和猪的胰腺提取的动物胰岛素制剂;使用大肠杆菌或酵母遗传合成的人胰岛素制剂;锌胰岛素;鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素;胰岛素的片段或衍生物(例如,INS-1),口服胰岛素制剂),胰岛素增敏剂(例如,吡格列酮或其盐(优选盐酸盐)、罗格列酮或其盐(优选马来酸盐)、萘格列酮(MCC-555)、利格列酮(CS-011)、FK–614、描述在WO 01/38325中的化合物、替赛格列他(tesaglitazar)(AZ-242)、罗格里扎(ragaglitazar)(NN-622)、莫格他唑(Muraglitazar)(BMS-298585)、依格列酮(BM-13-1258)、Metaglidasen(MBX-102)、Naveglitazar(LY-519818)、MX–6054、LY–510929、AMG131(T-131)或其盐、THR-0921)、α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂(例如,伏格列醇、阿卡波糖、米格列醇、乙格列酯)、双缩胍(例如,苯乙双胍、二甲双胍、丁福明或其盐(例如,盐酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐)),胰岛素促泌剂[磺酰脲(例如,甲苯磺丁脲、格列本脲、格列齐特、氯磺丙脲、甲磺吖庚脲、醋酸己脲、格列吡脲、格列美脲、格列甲嗪、格列丁唑)、瑞格列奈、那格列萘,米格列奈或其钙盐水合物]、二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂(例如,维格列汀(vildagliptin)(LAF237)、P32/98、西他列汀(MK-431)、阿格列汀(alogliptin)、曲格列汀(Trelagliptin)、P93/01、PT-100、沙格列汀(Saxagliptin)(BMS-477118)、BI1356、GRC8200、MP-513、PF-00734200、PHX1149、SK-0403、ALS2-0426、T-6666、TS-021、KRP-104)、β3激动剂(例如,AJ-9677)、GPR40激动剂、GLP-1受体激动剂[例如,GLP-1、GLP-1MR药物、NN-2211、AC-2993(exendin-4)、BIM-51077、Aib(8,35)hGLP-1(7,37)NH2、CJC-1131]、糊精激动剂(例如,普兰林肽)、磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂(例如,钒酸钠)、糖原异生抑制剂(例如,糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯酶抑制剂、胰高血糖素拮抗剂)、SGLUT(钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白)抑制剂(例如,T-1095、达格列净(dapagliflozin)、瑞格列净(remogliflozin))、11β-羟甾醇脱氢酶抑制剂(例如,BVT-3498)、脂联素或其激动剂、IKK抑制剂(例如,AS-2868)、瘦素耐性提高药物、生长抑素受体激动剂(描述在WO 01/25228、WO 03/42204、WO 98/44921、WO 98/45285、WO 99/22735等等中的化合物)、葡糖激酶活化剂(例如,Ro-28-1675)和ACC2(乙酰辅酶A羧化酶2)抑制剂。
“糖尿病并发症的治疗剂”的例子包括:醛糖还原酶抑制剂(例如,脱瑞司他、依帕司他、折那司他、唑泊司他、米那司他(minalrestat)、法地司他、CT-112、雷尼司他(AS-3201))、神经营养因子和其增强药物(例如,NGF、NT-3、BDNF、描述在WO01/14372中的神经营养蛋白产生/分泌增进剂(例如,4-(4-氯苯基)-2-(2-甲基-1-咪唑基)-5-[3-(2-甲基苯氧基)丙基]噁唑))、PKC抑制剂(例如,甲磺酸鲁伯斯塔)、AGE抑制剂(例如,ALT946、匹马吉定、N-苯甲酰基噻唑溴化物(ALT766)、EXO-226、Pyridorin,吡哆胺)、活性氧清除剂(例如,硫辛酸),大脑血管扩张剂(例如,硫利达嗪(tiapuride)、慢心律)、生长抑素受体激动剂(BIM23190)和细胞程序死亡信号调节激酶-1(ASK-1)抑制剂。
“高脂质血症治疗剂”的例子包括:作为胆固醇合成抑制剂的他汀类化合物(例如,西立伐他汀、普伐他汀、西伐他汀、洛伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、氟伐他汀、匹伐他汀或其盐(例如,钠盐,等等)等等)、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂或具有低甘油三酯作用的贝特类化合物(例如,苯扎贝特、氯贝特、双贝特(Simfibrate)、克利贝特,等等)、胆固醇吸收抑制剂(例如,zetia)、阴离子交换树脂(例如,考来烯胺)、普罗布考、烟酸药物(例如,烟酸环己醇酯、烟酸戊四醇酯)、植物甾醇(例如,黃豆固醇、γ-谷维素))、鱼油制剂(例如,EPA、DHA、Omacor)、PPARα-激动剂、PPARγ-激动剂、PPARδ-激动剂、LXR激动剂、FXR拮抗剂、FXR激动剂、DGAT抑制剂、MGAT抑制剂、MTP抑制剂(例如,lomitapide)、核酸药物,包括ApoB反义药物(例如,mipomersen)或PCSK9 siRNA反义寡核苷酸。
抗高血压药的例子包括:血管紧张肽转化酶抑制剂(例如,卡托普利、依那普利、地拉普利,等等)、血管紧张素II拮抗剂(例如,坎地沙坦西酯、坎地沙坦、阿齐沙坦(azilsartan)、阿齐沙坦酯、氯沙坦、氯沙坦钾、依普罗沙坦、丙戊沙坦、替米沙坦、伊贝沙坦、他索沙坦、奥美沙坦、奥美沙坦酯,等等)、钙拮抗剂(例如,马尼地平、硝苯地平、氨氯地平、依福地平、尼卡地平,等等)、β-阻断剂(例如,普奈洛尔、萘羟心安、噻吗心安、尼普洛尔、布尼洛尔、茚诺洛尔、喷布洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、吲哚洛尔、醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、比索洛尔、美托洛尔、柳胺苄心定、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔,等等)和可乐定。
“抗肥胖剂”的实例包括:一元胺吸收抑制剂(例如,苯丁胺、西布曲明、氯苯咪吲哚、氟西汀、特索芬辛(tesofensine))、血清素2C受体激动剂(例如,氯卡色林(lorcaserin))、血清素6受体拮抗剂、组胺H3受体、GABA调节剂(例如,托吡酯)、神经肽Y拮抗剂(例如,韦利贝特(velneperit))、大麻素受体拮抗剂(例如,利莫那班、taranabant)、生长素释放肽拮抗剂、生长素释放肽受体拮抗剂、生长素释放肽酰化酶抑制剂、阿片样物质受体拮抗剂(例如,GSK-1521498)、食欲素受体拮抗剂、黑皮质素4受体激动剂、11β-羟甾醇脱氢酶抑制剂(例如,AZD-4017)、胰脂肪酶抑制剂(例如,奥利司他、赛利司他(cetilistat))、β3激动剂(例如,N-5984)、甘油二酯酰基转移酶1(DGAT1)抑制剂、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)抑制剂、硬脂酸辅酶A脱氢酶抑制剂、微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白抑制剂(例如,R-256918)、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白抑制剂(例如,JNJ-28431754、瑞格列净(remogliflozin))、NFκ抑制剂(例如,HE-3286)、PPAR激动剂(例如,GFT-505、DRF-11605)、磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂(例如,钒酸钠、Trodusquemin)、GPR119激动剂(例如,PSN-821)、葡糖激酶活化剂(例如,AZD-1656)、瘦素、瘦素衍生物(例如,美曲普汀(metreleptin))、CNTF(睫状神经营养因子)、BDNF(脑衍生神经营养因子)、缩胆囊肽激动剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)制剂(例如,从牛和猪的胰腺提取的动物GLP-1制剂;使用大肠杆菌或酵母遗传合成的人GLP-1制剂;GLP-1的片段或衍生物(例如,艾塞那肽(exenatide)、利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)))、糊精制剂(例如,普兰林肽、AC-2307)、神经肽Y激动剂(例如,PYY3-36、PYY3-36的衍生物、奥尼匹肽(obineptide)、TM-30339、TM-30335)、胃泌酸调节素(oxyntomodulin)制剂∶FGF21制剂(例如,从牛和猪的胰腺提取的动物FGF21制剂;使用大肠杆菌或酵母遗传合成的人FGF21制剂;FGF21的片段或衍生物))和拒食剂(例如,P-57)。
“利尿剂”的实例包括:黄嘌呤衍生物(例如,水杨酸钠和可可碱、水杨酸钙和可可碱)、噻嗪制剂(例如,乙噻嗪、环戊噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、双氢氯噻嗪、双氢氟噻嗪、苄基双氢氯噻嗪、戊氟噻嗪、多噻嗪、氯甲噻嗪)、抗醛甾酮制剂(例如,螺甾内酯、依普利酮、三氨蝶啶)、碳酸脱水酶抑制剂(例如,乙酰唑胺)、氯苯磺酰胺制剂(例如,氯噻酮、美夫西特、吲达帕胺)、阿佐寒米、异山梨醇、依他尼酸、吡咯他尼、布美他尼和利尿磺胺。
黄斑变性的治疗剂的例子包括:芬维A胺(fenretinide)(4-羟基(苯基)维甲胺)、描述在WO 2009/042444中的化合物、带负电的磷脂、特殊的矿物质(例如,含铜的矿物质,例如,氧化铜,含锌的矿物质,例如,氧化锌,含硒的化合物),等等。
抗氧化剂的实例包括:维生素C、维生素E、β-抗氧剂的例子包括维生素C,维生素E,β-胡萝卜素及其它类胡萝卜素,辅酶Q,4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-oxyl(亦称Tempol),叶黄素,丁羟甲苯,白藜芦醇,trolox类似物(PNU-83836-E),越桔提取物等等。
氧化氮诱导剂的例子包括:L-精氨酸、L-高精氨酸和N-羟基-L-精氨酸(例如,硝肟酸酯化的L-精氨酸、亚硝基化的L-精氨酸、硝肟酸酯化的N-羟基-L-精氨酸、亚硝基化的N-羟基-L-精氨酸、硝肟酸酯化的L-高精氨酸、亚硝基化的L-高精氨酸)、L-精氨酸的前体和/或其生理学可接受的盐(例如,瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸)、包含至少一种上述氨基酸的多肽、酶精氨酸酶的抑制剂(例如,N-羟基-L-精氨酸和2(S)-氨基-6-二羟硼基己酸)和氧化氮或其密切相关的衍生物的底物。
基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂的例子包括:金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂(TIMP)(例如,TIMP-1、TIMP-2、TIMP-3、TIMP-4)、α2-巨球蛋白、四环素(例如,四环素、二甲胺四环素、多西环素)、异羟肟酸盐(例如,巴马司他、马立马司他(MARIMISTAT)、托卡特(TROCADE))、螯合剂(例如,EDTA、半胱氨酸、乙酰半胱氨酸、D-青霉胺、氯金酸钠)、合成的MMP片段、琥珀酰巯基嘌呤、氨基膦酸酯、氧肟酸,等等。
抗血管形成或抗VEGF药物的例子包括:Rhufab V2(Lucentis)、色氨酰-转移核糖核酸合成酶(TrpRS)、Eye001(抗VERG PEG化的Aptamer)、角鲨胺(squalamine)、Retaane15mg(乙酸阿奈可他(anecortave)长效混悬剂;Alcon,Inc.)、康普瑞丁(Combretastain)A4前体药物(CA4P)、Macugen、Mifeprex(美服培酮-ru486)、筋膜下曲安奈德(triamcinoloneacetonide)、眼内晶体曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、普马司他(Prinomastat)(AG3340)、氟轻松(包括肤轻松眼内植入)、VEGFR抑制剂和VEGF-Trap等等。
化学治疗剂的实例包括:烷基化剂(例如,环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺)、代谢拮抗剂(例如,氨甲喋呤、5-氟尿嘧啶和其衍生物)、抗肿瘤抗生素(例如,丝裂霉素、阿霉素,等等)、植物衍生的抗肿瘤剂(例如,长春花新碱、去乙酰长春酰胺、紫杉酚)、顺铂、卡铂、依托泊苷,等等。这些当中,作为5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物的氟铁龙或NeoFurtulon等等是优选的。
上述“免疫治疗剂”的实例包括:微生物或细菌组分(例如,胞壁酰二肽衍生物、溶链菌制剂(picibanil),等等)、具有免疫增强活性的多糖(例如,蘑菇多糖、裂裥菌素、云芝多糖K(krestin),等等)、可以通过遗传工程技术获得的细胞素(例如,干扰素、白介素(IL),等等)、克隆刺激因子(例如,粒细胞集落刺激因子、红细胞生成素,等等),优选白介素,例如,IL-1、IL-2、IL-12,等等。
抗血栓形成药物的例子包括:肝素(例如,肝素钠、肝素钙、达肝素钠)、华法林(例如,华法林钾)、抗凝血酶药物(例如,阿加曲班、达比加群(dabigatran))、溶解血栓剂(例如,尿激酶、替来激酶(tisokinase)、阿替普酶、阿替普酶、孟替普酶、帕米普酶)、血小板聚集抑制剂(例如,盐酸噻氯匹定、西洛他唑、廿六烷五烯酸乙酯、贝前列素钠、盐酸沙格雷酯、普拉格雷(prasugrel)、E5555、SHC530348)、FXa抑制剂(例如,1-(1-{(2S)-3-[(6-氯萘-2-基)磺酰基]-2-羟丙酰基}哌啶-4-基)四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮、利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、DU-156,YM150)。
“骨质疏松症的治疗剂”的例子包括:阿法骨化醇、骨化三醇、依降钙素、降钙素鲑精组蛋白(calcitonin salmon)、雌三醇、依普黄酮、帕米膦酸二钠、阿仑膦酸氢氧化钠和因卡膦酸二钠,等等。
“抗痴呆药物”的例子包括:他克林、多奈哌齐、利凡斯的明和加兰他敏。
勃起功能障碍改善药物的例子包括:阿扑吗啡、柠檬酸西地那非。
尿失禁或频尿的治疗剂的例子包括:盐酸黄酮哌酯、盐酸羟丁宁、盐酸丙哌维平。
排尿困难的治疗剂的例子包括:乙酰化胆碱脂酶抑制剂(例如,地斯的明(distigmine))。
另外,并用药物的例子包括:在动物模型和临床情况下确定的具有恶病体质改善作用的药物,例如,环加氧酶抑制剂(例如,消炎痛)、黄体酮衍生物(例如,乙酸甲地孕酮)、皮质糖(例如,地塞米松)、灭吐灵药物、四氢大麻酚药物、脂肪代谢改善药物(例如,二十碳五烯酸)、生长激素、IGF-1或恶病体质诱发因子的抗体,例如,TNF-α、LIF、IL-6、制瘤素M。
此外,并用药物的例子包括:神经再生提高药物(例如,Y-128、VX853、prosaptide)、抗抑郁剂(例如,地昔帕明、阿米替林、丙咪嗪)、抗癫痫药(例如,乐命达)、抗心律失常药物(例如,慢心律)、乙酰胆碱受体配体(例如,ABT-594)、内皮素受体拮抗剂(例如,ABT-627)、一元胺吸收抑制剂(例如,反胺苯环醇)、麻醉性镇痛药(例如,吗啡)、GABA受体激动剂(例如,加巴喷丁)、α2受体激动剂(例如,可乐定)、局部镇痛药(例如,辣椒碱)、抗焦虑药(例如,苯并二氮杂卓)、多巴胺激动剂(例如,阿扑吗啡)、咪达唑仑、酮康唑,等等。
实施例
下面参照实施例、实验实施例和制剂实施例详细地解释本发明。然而,所述实施例不限制本发明,并且可以在本发明范围内修改本发明。
在下面的实施例中,“室温”通常是指大约10℃至大约35℃。混合溶剂的比例是体积混合比例,除非另作说明,%是指wt%,除非另作说明。
在硅胶柱色谱中,NH是指使用氨基丙基硅烷键合的硅胶,Diol是指使用3-(2,3-二羟基丙氧基)丙基硅烷键合的硅胶。在HPLC(高效液相色谱)中,C18是指使用十八烷基键合的硅胶。洗脱溶剂的比例是体积混合比例,除非另作说明。
在下面的实施例中,使用下列缩写。
mp∶熔点
MS∶质谱
M∶摩尔浓度
CDCl3∶氘化氯仿
DMSO∶二甲亚砜
DMSO-d6∶氘化二甲亚砜
1H NMR∶质子核磁共振
LC/MS∶液相色谱质谱仪
ESI∶电喷射离子化
APCI∶常压化学电离
DME∶1,2-二甲氧基乙烷
DMA∶N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
HATU∶2-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐
HOBt∶1-羟基苯并三唑
THF∶四氢呋喃
DMF∶N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
TFA∶三氟乙酸
LHMDS∶六甲基二硅氮烷锂
n-∶正
s-∶仲
t-∶叔
1H NMR是利用Fourier转变型NMR测定的。对于分析,使用ACD/SpecManager(商标名),等等。没有记载羟基、氨基等等质子的非常轻的峰。
通过LC/MS测定MS。对于电离方法,使用ESI方法或APCI方法。数据表示那些实测数据。通常,观察分子离子峰([M+H]+,[M-H]-等等);然而,当化合物具有叔丁氧羰基时,可以观察到除去叔丁氧羰基或叔丁基之后的碎片离子的峰。当化合物具有羟基时,可以观察到除去水之后的碎片离子峰。在盐的情况下,通常观察到游离形式的分子离子峰或碎片离子峰。
在旋光度([α]D)中,样品浓度(c)的单位是g/100mL。
元素分析值(Anal.)表示计算值(Calcd)和实测值(Found)。
实施例1
((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸
A)2-((2-氯嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,向2-氯嘧啶-5-醇(5.7g)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯(9.80g)和DMF(75mL)的混合物中加入磷酸钾(14.83g),并将该混合物在50℃下搅拌2小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(10.57g)。
MS:[M+H]+245.0。
B)2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,向2-((2-氯嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(10.5g)、(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸(16.60g)、碳酸钾(11.86g)、水(30mL)和DME(150mL)的混合物中加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(2.479g),并将该混合物在氮气氛围中、在100℃下搅拌10小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(7.35g)。
MS:[M+H]+423.1。
C)((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸
在0℃,向2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(7.3g)中加入TFA(25mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。从该反应混合物中减压蒸发出溶剂。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得到标题化合物(5.5g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ5.01(2H,s),8.26(1H,s),8.76(2H,s),8.82(2H,s),13.34(1H,brs)。
实施例2
((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸
A)6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-醇
在氮气氛围中,在室温下,向6-溴代吡啶-3-醇(32g),(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸(61.7g)、碳酸钾(76g)、水(100mL)和DME(500mL)的混合物中加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(8.50g),并将该混合物在氮气氛围中、在100℃下搅拌10小时。在0℃,向该反应混合物中加入2N盐酸(555mL),并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(50g)。
MS:[M+H]+308.0。
B)2-((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,向6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-醇(40g)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯(30.5g)和DMF(100mL)的混合物中加入碳酸钾(36.0g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(47.8g)。
MS:[M+H]+422.1。
C)((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸
在0℃,向2-((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(0.999g)、THF(5mL)和乙醇(10mL)的混合物中加入1N氢氧化钠水溶液(10mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。在0℃,向该反应混合物中逐滴加入1N盐酸(10mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。过滤收集所得到的固体,用水洗涤,并减压干燥。在75℃,将所获得的固体溶于乙醇(8.0mL)/水(0.9mL)中,在75℃,逐滴加入水(7.6mL),将该混合物在75℃下搅拌0.5小时,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤收集所获得的固体,用乙醇/水(=1/1)和水洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(0.7758g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.88(2H,s),7.55(1H,dd,J=9.1,3.0Hz),8.11(1H,s),8.27(1H,d,J=9.1Hz),8.46(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),8.68(2H,s),13.20(1H,brs)。
实施例3
3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸
A)(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
将1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙酮(100g)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal,259mL)的混合物在100℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,用冰冷水和石油醚洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(200g)。
MS:[M+H]+312.2。
B)3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑
在室温下,向(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(100g)和乙酸(1000mL)的混合物中加入肼一水合物(40.2g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,并用冷水洗涤。将所获得的固体溶于乙酸乙酯中,并用水和饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(70g)。
MS:[M+H]+281.1。
C)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙腈
在0℃,向3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(140g)和DMF(1680mL)的混合物中加入碳酸铯(243.7g),然后,在0℃,加入3-溴丙腈(83.73g),并将该混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,并用水洗涤。将所获得的固体溶于乙酸乙酯中,用饱和盐水和水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发。向所获得的固体中加入乙醚,并将该混合物搅拌20分钟,过滤,得到标题化合物(113.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+334.2。
D)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸
在室温下,向6N盐酸(150mL)中加入3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙腈(2.8g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌5小时。在室温下,将反应混合物用水稀释,并将混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得到标题化合物(2.60g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ2.87(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),4.40(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),7.07(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),7.87(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),8.00(1H,s),8.40(2H,s),12.43(1H,s)。
实施例4
((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸
A)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮
将3',5'-双(三氟甲基)苯乙酮(100g)和乙酸(400mL)的混合物加热至90℃,加入催化量的溴,并除去油浴。加入剩余的溴(20mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释。过滤收集所得到的固体,用冰冷水洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(110g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.46(2H,d,J=1.4Hz),8.12(1H,s),8.43(2H,s)。
B)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-羟基乙酮
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮(90g)和甲醇(450mL)的混合物中加入甲酸钠(91.34g),并将该混合物在50至55℃下搅拌6小时。将该反应混合物浓缩,用乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,取出所得到的固体,并将滤液减压浓缩。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(35g)。
MS:[M-H]+271.2。
C)2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基苯基碳酸酯
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-羟基乙酮(35g)和THF(350mL)的混合物中加入吡啶(15.68mL),在0℃,加入氯甲酸苯基酯(30.4g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌,直到反应完成为止。反应完毕后,在氮气氛围中,用乙酸乙酯稀释反应混合物,滤出固体,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。减压浓缩滤液,得到标题化合物(45g)。
MS:[M+H]+393.2。
D)4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)噁唑-2(3H)-酮
在室温下,向2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基苯基碳酸酯(45g)和乙酸(450mL)的混合物中加入乙酸铵(34.7g),并将该混合物在140℃下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用饱和盐水洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(14g)。
MS:[M+H]+298.2。
E)4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氯噁唑
在室温下,向4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)噁唑-2(3H)-酮(27g)和磷酰氯(37.48mL)的混合物中加入N,N-二乙苯胺(13.56g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌过夜。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用饱和盐水和水洗涤提取物,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(20g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(1H,s),8.07(1H,s),8.14(2H,s)。
F)2-((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在0℃,向氢化钠(5.07g,60%,在油中)和THF(50mL)的混合物中加入2-羟基乙酸叔丁基酯(8.368g)和THF(50mL)的混合物。然后,在0℃,加入4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氯代噁唑(20g)和THF(100mL)的混合物,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用饱和盐水洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(18.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+412.1。
G)((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸
在室温下,向2-((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(0.2g)、THF(1.0mL)和甲醇(1.0mL)的混合物中加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(1.0mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。在室温下,向该反应混合物中加入1N盐酸(2.0mL),将该混合物倒入饱和盐水中,并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯(0.2mL)稀释,并加热到50℃。在50℃,逐滴加入庚烷(1.0mL),并将该混合物在50℃下搅拌0.5小时,在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤收集所获得的固体,用乙酸乙酯/庚烷(=1/10)和庚烷洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(0.12g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ5.04(2H,s),8.06(1H,s),8.32(2H,s),8.61(1H,s),13.42(1H,brs)。
实施例5
((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸
A)(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼
将盐酸(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼(300g)、水(1500mL)和乙酸乙酯(1500mL)的混合物冷却至10至15℃,加入氢氧化钠(70g),进行碱化,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用饱和盐水和水洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(200.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+245.0。
B)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-醇
将(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼(100g)和叔丁醇(1000mL)的混合物在30℃下搅拌,并加入丙炔酸乙酯(46.25g)。冷却至0℃后,逐渐加入叔丁醇钾(92g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。反应完毕后,用冰水淬灭该反应混合物,加入乙酸乙酯,将该混合物在室温下搅拌20分钟,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(64.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+297.1。
C)2-((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-醇(128g)和DMF(2400mL)的混合物中加入碳酸钾(119.35g),而后加入2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯(92.78g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,用正戊烷洗涤,用活性碳处理,并用石油醚洗涤浆液,得到标题化合物(108.6g)。
MS:[M+H]+411.1。
D)((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸
在室温下,向2-((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(0.2g)、THF(2.0mL)和甲醇(1.0mL)的混合物中加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(1.0mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。在室温下,向该反应混合物中加入1N盐酸(2.0mL),将该混合物倒入饱和盐水中,并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用无水硫酸钠干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯(0.3mL)稀释,并加热到50℃。在50℃,逐滴加入庚烷(1.5mL),并将该混合物在50℃下搅拌0.5小时,在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤收集所获得的固体,用乙酸乙酯/庚烷(=1/10)和庚烷洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(0.137g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.78(2H,s),6.21(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),7.92(1H,s),8.35(2H,s),8.71(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),13.12(1H,s)。
实施例6
2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸乙酯
A)2-((2-氯嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,向2-氯嘧啶-5-醇(5.7g)、2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯(9.80g)和DMF(75mL)的混合物中加入磷酸钾(14.83g),并将该混合物在50℃下搅拌2小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(10.57g)。
MS:[M+H]+245.0。
B)2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯
在室温下,向2-((2-氯嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(10.5g)、(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸(16.60g)、碳酸钾(11.86g)、水(30mL)和DME(150mL)的混合物中加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(2.479g),并将该混合物在氮气氛围中、在100℃下搅拌10小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(7.35g)。
MS:[M+H]+423.1。
C)((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸
在0℃,向2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸叔丁基酯(7.3g)中加入TFA(25mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。在减压下,从该反应混合物中蒸发出溶剂。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得到标题化合物(5.5g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ5.01(2H,s),8.26(1H,s),8.76(2H,s),8.82(2H,s),13.34(1H,brs)。
D)2-((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸乙酯
在室温下,向((2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-5-基)氧基)乙酸(100mg)和乙醇(2.0mL)的混合物中加入浓硫酸(2μL),并将该混合物在回流下加热8小时。将该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,在室温下,加入到饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,并将混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用水和饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(104mg)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1.34(3H,t,J=7.2Hz),4.32(2H,q,J=7.2Hz),4.78(2H,s),7.94(1H,s),8.53(2H,s),8.87(2H,s)。
实施例7
2-((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
A)6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-醇
在氮气氛围中,在室温下,向6-溴代吡啶-3-醇(32g),(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸(61.7g)、碳酸钾(76g)、水(100mL)和DME(500mL)的混合物中加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(8.50g),并将该混合物在氮气氛围中、在100℃下搅拌10小时。在0℃,向该反应混合物中加入2N盐酸(555mL),并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(50g)。
MS:[M+H]+308.0。
B)2-((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
在室温下,向6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-醇(7.31g)、2-溴乙酸甲酯(4.73g)和DMF(75mL)的混合物中加入碳酸钾(6.58g),并将该混合物在50℃下搅拌2小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(6.46g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ3.85(3H,s),4.76(2H,s),7.33(1H,dd,J=8.7,3.0Hz),7.77(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),7.87(1H,s),8.41(2H,s),8.43-8.49(1H,m)。
实施例8
3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸乙酯
A)(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-2-烯-1-酮
将1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙酮(100g)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(259mL)的混合物在100℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,用冰冷水和石油醚洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(200g)。
MS:[M+H]+312.2。
B)3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑
在室温下,向(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(100g)和乙酸(1000mL)的混合物中加入肼一水合物(40.2g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,并用冷水洗涤。将所获得的固体溶于乙酸乙酯中,并用水和饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(70g)。
MS:[M+H]+281.1。
C)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙腈
在0℃,向3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(140g)和DMF(1680mL)的混合物中加入碳酸铯(243.7g),然后,在0℃,加入3-溴丙腈(83.73g),并将该混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温,并倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,并用水洗涤。将所获得的固体溶于乙酸乙酯中,并用饱和盐水和水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂。向所获得的固体中加入乙醚,并将该混合物搅拌20分钟,过滤,得到标题化合物(113.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+334.2。
D)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸
在室温下,向6N盐酸(150mL)中加入3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙腈(2.8g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌5小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸镁干燥,并将溶剂减压蒸发。将所获得的固体用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得到标题化合物(2.60g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ2.87(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),4.40(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),7.07(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),7.87(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),8.00(1H,s),8.40(2H,s),12.43(1H,s)。
E)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸乙酯
在室温下,向3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丙酸(301mg)和乙醇(6.0mL)的混合物中加入浓硫酸(3μL),并将该混合物在回流下加热19小时。减压蒸发溶剂,并将残余物用乙酸乙酯稀释。在室温下,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(319mg)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1.25(3H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.96(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),4.16(2H,q,J=7.2Hz),4.48(2H,t,J=6.6Hz),6.60(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),7.53(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),7.77(1H,s),8.21(2H,s)。
实施例9
2-((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
A)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮
将3',5'-双(三氟甲基)苯乙酮(100g)和乙酸(400mL)的混合物在油浴中加热至90℃。加入催化量的溴,并移除油浴。加入剩余的溴(20mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释。过滤收集所得到的固体,用冰冷水洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(110g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.46(2H,d,J=1.4Hz),8.12(1H,s),8.43(2H,s)。
B)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-羟基乙酮
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮(90g)和甲醇(450mL)的混合物中加入甲酸钠(91.34g),并将该混合物在50至55℃下搅拌6小时。将该反应混合物浓缩,用乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,取出所得到的固体。减压浓缩滤液。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(35g)。
MS:[M-H]+271.2。
C)2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基苯基碳酸酯
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-羟基乙酮(35g)和THF(350mL)的混合物中加入吡啶(15.68mL),在0℃,加入氯甲酸苯基酯(30.4g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌,直到反应完成为止。反应完毕后,在氮气氛围中,用乙酸乙酯稀释该反应混合物,滤出固体,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,并将滤液减压浓缩,得到标题化合物(45g)。
MS:[M+H]+393.2。
D)4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2(3H)-酮
在室温下,向2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基苯基碳酸酯(45g)和乙酸(450mL)的混合物中加入乙酸铵(34.7g),并将该混合物在140℃下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用饱和盐水洗涤,并用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(14g)。
MS:[M+H]+298.2。
E)4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氯-1,3-噁唑
在室温下,向4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2(3H)-酮(27g)和磷酰氯(37.48mL)的混合物中加入N,N-二乙基苯胺(13.56g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌过夜。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用冰水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用饱和盐水和水洗涤提取物,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(20g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(1H,s),8.07(1H,s),8.14(2H,s)。
F)2-((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
在0℃,向氢化钠(124mg,60%,在油中)和THF(10mL)的混合物中加入2-羟基乙酸甲酯(186mg)和THF(3mL)的混合物,然后,在0℃,加入4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氯-1,3-噁唑(650mg)和THF(3mL)的混合物,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物倒入冰冷水中,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(200mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.85(3H,s),5.04(2H,s),7.69(1H,s),7.78(1H,s),8.06(2H,d,J=1.7Hz)。
实施例10
2-((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
A)(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼
将盐酸(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼(300g)、水(1500mL)和乙酸乙酯(1500mL)的混合物冷却至10至15℃,加入氢氧化钠(70g),进行碱化,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用饱和盐水和水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物(200.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+245.0。
B)1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-醇
将(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)肼(100g)和叔丁醇(1000mL)的混合物在30℃下搅拌,并加入丙炔酸乙酯(46.25g)。冷却至0℃后,逐渐加入叔丁醇钾(92g),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。反应完毕后,用冰水淬灭该反应混合物,加入乙酸乙酯,将该混合物在室温下搅拌20分钟,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(64.2g)。
MS:[M+H]+297.1。
C)2-((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)氧基)乙酸甲酯
在0℃,向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-醇(800mg)和DMF(10mL)的混合物中加入碳酸钾(745mg),然后加入2-溴乙酸甲酯(454mg),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。反应完毕后,将该反应混合物倒入冰冷水中。过滤收集所得到的的固体,用正戊烷洗涤,得到标题化合物(730mg)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ3.71(3H,s),4.95(2H,s),6.26(1H,d,J=2.7Hz),7.93(1H,s),8.35(1H,d,J=1.5Hz),8.72(2H,d,J=2.8Hz)。
按照上述实施例中所示的方法或与其类似的方法,制备下面表中的实施例化合物。实施例化合物示于下列表中。在该表中,MS表示实测值。
表1
参考实施例1
((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)硫基)乙酸乙酯
在0℃,向THF(6mL)和氢化钠(114mg,60%,在油中)的混合物中加入巯基乙酸乙酯(ethyl thioglycolate)(571mg)和THF(2mL)的混合物,并将该混合物搅拌15分钟。然后,在0℃,加入4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氯-1,3-噁唑(1g)和THF(2mL)的混合物,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将该反应混合物倒入冰冷却的水中,并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(1g)。
MS:[M+H]+400.1。
参考实施例2
((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)硫基)乙酸
在室温下,向((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)硫基)乙酸乙酯(100mg)和THF(2mL)的混合物中加入氢氧化锂(31.5mg)和水(0.5mL)的混合物,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。减压浓缩该反应混合物,并用水稀释残余物,在0℃,用浓盐酸酸化,并将该混合物搅拌15分钟。过滤收集沉淀,减压干燥,并用石油醚洗涤,得到标题化合物(66mg)。
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.10(2H,s),8.07(1H,s),8.39(2H,s),9.01(1H,s)。
参考实施例3
((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)硫基)乙酸乙酯
A)2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-氟吡啶
在室温下,向2-溴-5-氟吡啶(1g),甲苯(10mL)和乙醇(2mL)的混合物中加入(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸(1.759g)和磷酸钾(1.8g),并将该混合物用氩气脱气20分钟。在室温下,加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(33mg),并将该混合物在80℃下搅拌过夜。通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,将滤液用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。利用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到标题化合物(1.6g)。
MS:[M+H]+310.1。
B)((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)硫基)乙酸乙酯
在室温下,向2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-氟吡啶(1g)、DMF(5mL)和DMSO(5mL)的混合物中加入氢硫化钠一水合物(sodium hydrogen sulfide)(900mg)、硫化钠九水合物(3.88g)和二氮杂二环十一碳烯(1g),并将该混合物在100℃下搅拌12小时。将该反应混合物冷却至室温,加入三丁基膦(50%乙酸乙酯溶液,10mL),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。将残余物溶于DMF(5mL)中,在室温下,加入碳酸钾(535mg),并将该混合物搅拌10分钟。在室温下,加入2-溴乙酸乙酯(309mg),并将该混合物搅拌12小时。将该反应混合物用冰水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸发溶剂。用硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯/石油醚),得到标题化合物(152mg)。
MS:[M+H]+410.1。
参考实施例4
((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)硫基)乙酸
在室温下,向((6-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶-3-基)硫基)乙酸乙酯(100mg)、THF(2mL)和水(0.5mL)的混合物中加入氢氧化锂一水合物(30mg),并将该混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将该反应混合物用水淬灭,并减压浓缩。将残余物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。在0℃,用3M盐酸酸化水层。过滤收集沉淀,减压干燥,并用戊烷洗涤,得到标题化合物(50mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ3.97(2H,s),7.95(1H,dd,J=8.3,2.5Hz),8.16(1H,s),8.28(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),8.68(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),8.73(2H,s),12.99(1H,brs)。
参考实施例5
3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丁酸
A)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丁腈
向3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(300mg)和DMF(5mL)的混合物中加入碳酸铯(872mg),并将该混合物冷却至0℃。在0℃,加入3-溴丁腈(0.129mL),并将混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,用水洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(300mg)。
MS:[M+H]+348.2。
B)3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丁酸
向3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)丁腈(300mg)和乙酸(5mL)的混合物中加入6N盐酸(5mL),并将该混合物在回流下加热24小时。减压浓缩该反应混合物,将水加入到所获得的残余物中,并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。利用HPLC纯化残余物(C18,流动相∶水/乙腈(0.1%HCO2H含有系统)),得到标题化合物(110mg)。
MS:[M+H]+367.0。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ1.49(3H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.75-2.87(1H,m),2.89-3.00(1H,m),4.74-4.88(1H,m),7.06(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),7.93(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.00(1H,s),8.40(2H,s),12.35(1H,brs)。
参考实施例6
1-((3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基)环丙基甲酸
A)1-((3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基)环丙基甲腈
在0℃,向3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(300mg)、碳酸铯(872mg)和DMF(5mL)的混合物中逐滴加入1-(溴甲基)环丙基甲腈(205mg),并将该混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。在室温下,将该反应混合物倒入冰水中。过滤收集所得到的固体,用水洗涤,减压干燥,得到标题化合物(310mg)。
MS:[M+H]+360.1。
B)1-((3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基)环丙基甲酸
向1-((3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基-1H-吡唑-1-基)甲基)环丙基甲腈(310mg)和乙酸(5mL)的混合物中加入6N盐酸(5mL),并将该混合物在回流下加热24小时。减压浓缩该反应混合物,将水加入到所获得的残余物中,并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。利用HPLC纯化残余物(C18,流动相∶水/乙腈(0.1%HCO2H含有系统)),得到标题化合物(180mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ1.07-1.16(2H,m),1.16-1.26(2H,m),4.41(2H,s),7.07(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),7.87(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),8.00(1H,s),8.40(2H,s),12.56(1H,brs)。
参考实施例7
3-(3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基丙酸
在0℃,向3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(500mg)、碳酸铯(1.45g)和DMF(10mL)的混合物中逐滴加入3-溴-2-甲基丙酸(357mg),并将该混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。向该反应混合物中加入水,并将该混合物用乙酸乙酯提取。用水和饱和盐水洗涤提取物,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。利用HPLC纯化残余物(C18,流动相∶水/乙腈(0.1%HCO2H含有系统)),得到标题化合物(45mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ1.06(3H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.94-3.08(1H,m),4.23(1H,dd,J=13.6,6.8Hz),4.43(1H,dd,J=13.6,6.8Hz),7.07(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.86(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),8.01(1H,s),8.40(2H,s),12.53(1H,brs)。
按照上述参考实施例中所示的方法或与其类似的方法,制备下面表中的参考实施例化合物。参考实施例化合物示于下列表中。在该表中,MS表示实测值。
表2
实验实施例1
使用如下所示的视黄醇-RBP4-TTR ELISA系统,评价本发明化合物抑制RBP4与视黄醇和TTR的结合的作用。
1A∶人RBP4基因和人TTR基因的克隆
人RBP4基因是通过使用人的Universal cDNA(Clontech,QUICK-Clone cDNA)作为模板以及下列引物组的PCR,进行了克隆。
RBPU:
5’-ATATGGATCCACCATGAAGTGGGTGTGGGCGCTC-3’(SEQ ID NO:1)
RBPL:
5’-ATATGCGGCCGCCTACAAAAGGTTTCTTTCTGATCTGC-3’(SEQ ID NO:2)
按照Pyrobest聚合酶(TAKARA BIO INC.,LTD.)所附的方案,进行PCR反应。对获得的PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,从凝胶中回收含有RBP4基因的大约0.6kb DNA片段,并用限制酶BamHI和NotI进行消化。用限制酶处理之后,对DNA片段进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,回收大约0.6kb DNA片段,并与限制酶BamHI和NotI消化的质粒pcDNA3.1(+)(Invitrogen)连接,得到表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4。确定插入的片段的DNA序列具有与目标序列匹配的序列。
人RBP4基因是通过使用人的小肠cDNA(Clontech,QUICK-Clone cDNA)作为模板,以及下列引物组的PCR反应,进行了克隆。
TTRU:
5’-ATATGGATCCACCATGGCTTCTCATCGTCTGCTCC-3’(SEQ ID NO:3)
TTRL:
5’-ATATGCGGCCGCTCATTCCTTGGGATTGGTGACGA-3’(SEQ ID NO:4)
按照Pyrobest聚合酶(TAKARA BIO INC.,LTD.)所附的方案,进行PCR反应。对获得的PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,从凝胶中回收含有TTR基因的0.5kb DNA片段,并用限制酶BamHI和NotI进行消化。用限制酶处理之后,对DNA片段进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,回收大约0.5kb DNA片段,并与限制酶BamHI和NotI消化的质粒pcDNA3.1(+)(Invitrogen)连接,得到表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR。确定插入的片段的DNA序列具有与目标序列匹配的序列。
1B∶人RBP4-His表达质粒的构建
通过使用上述1A制备的表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4作为模板,以及下列引物组的PCR,将EcoRI位点引入到hRBP4基因的3'端。
CMVP:
5’-TGGGAGGTCTATATAAGCAGAGCTCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:5)
RBPECO:
5’-ATATGAATTCTTCCTTGGGATTGGTGAC-3’(SEQ ID NO:6)
按照Z-Taq聚合酶(TAKARA BIO INC.,LTD.)所附的方案,进行PCR反应。利用QIAquick PCR纯化试剂盒(QIAGEN),将获得的PCR产物纯化,并用限制酶BamHI和EcoRI进行消化。用限制酶处理之后,对DNA片段进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,回收所获得的大约0.6kbDNA片段,并与限制酶BamHI和EcoRI消化的质粒pcDNA3.1(+)(Invitrogen)连接,得到pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4-Eco,其在hRBP4基因的3'端具有EcoRI位点。
通过使用上述1A制备的表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR作为模板,以及CMVP和TTRECO引物组的PCR,将EcoRI位点引入到hTTR基因的3'端。
TTRECO:
5’-ATATGAATTCCAAAAGGTTTCTTTCTGATC-3’(SEQ ID NO:7)
按照Z-Taq聚合酶(TAKARA BIO INC.,LTD.)所附的方案,进行PCR反应。利用QIAquick PCR纯化试剂盒(QIAGEN),将获得的PCR产物纯化,并用限制酶BamHI和EcoRI进行消化。用限制酶处理之后,对DNA片段进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,回收所获得的大约0.6kbDNA片段,并与限制酶BamHI和EcoRI消化的质粒pcDNA3.1(+)(Invitrogen)连接,得到pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-Eco,其在hTTR基因的3'端具有EcoRI位点。
通过将利用将下列寡DNA退火而得到的含有His标记序列的合成DNA片段,插入到上面制备的pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-Eco的EcoRI和NotI位点,制备了TTR-His表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-His,其中,His标记加到人TTR的C端。
HISENU:
5’-AATTCCATCATCATCATCATCACTAGGC-3’(SEQ ID NO:8)
HISENL:
5’-GGCCGCCTAGTGATGATGATGATGATGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:9)
将HISENU和HISENL各自溶解,浓度为25pmole/uL,在94℃下加热5分钟,并通过冷却至室温来进行退火,得到含有His标记序列的合成DNA片段。用EcoRI和NotI消化pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-Eco,对限制酶处理之后的DNA片段进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,回收所获得的大约5.9kb DNA片段,将含有His标记序列的合成DNA片段与其连接,得到TTR-His表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-His,其中,His标记加到人TTR的C端。
如下制备RBP4-His表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4-His,其中,His标记加到人RBP4的C端。用限制酶EcoRI和DraIII消化pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4-Eco,进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,并回收所获得的大约6.0kb DNA片段。用限制酶EcoRI和DraIII消化pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR-His,进行琼脂糖凝胶(1%)电泳,并回收所获得的大约6.0kb DNA片段。连接两个片段,得到RBP4-His表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4-His,其中His标记加到人RBP4的C端。
1C∶人RBP4-His的制备
使用FreeStyle 293表达系统(Invitrogen)和上述1B制备的表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hRBP4-His,表达人RBP4-His。按照FreeStyle 293表达系统所附的方案,使用600mL培养介质进行表达。转染并培养3天之后,回收含有分泌的hRBP4-His的培养上清液。使用VIVACELL 250(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE)反复地浓缩该培养上清液,并用20mM Tris(pH8)稀释,由此替代缓冲剂。使液体通过TOYOPEARL DEAE-650M柱(1cm ID x 10cm,TosohCorporation)(用20mM Tris缓冲液(pH8)平衡),流速2.5mL/min,进行吸附,并用0-0.35MNaCl进行梯度洗脱,获得人RBP4-His片段。使用Vivaspin20(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE),将这些片段浓缩至大约5mL。使浓缩液通过TBS(pH7.4)平衡的HiLoad 26/60Superdex 200pg柱(2.6cmID x 60cm,GE Healthcare),并用TBS(pH7.4)洗脱。收集含有人RBP4-His的片段,并使用Vivaspin 20(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE),浓缩至大约8mL。从600mL培养介质中获得大约8mg的人RBP4-His。
1D∶人TTR的制备
使用FreeStyle 293表达系统(Invitrogen)和上述1A制备的表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/hTTR,表达人TTR。按照FreeStyle 293表达系统所附的方案,使用600mL培养介质进行表达。转染并培养3天之后,回收含有分泌的人TTR的培养上清液。使用VIVACELL 250(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE)反复地浓缩该培养上清液,并用20mM Tris(pH8)稀释,由此替代缓冲剂。使液体通过TOYOPEARL DEAE-650M柱(1cm ID x 10cm,Tosoh Corporation)(用20mM Tris缓冲液(pH8)平衡),流速2.5mL/min,进行吸附,并用0至0.55M NaCl进行梯度洗脱,获得人TTR片段。使用Vivaspin 20(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE)反复地浓缩这些片段,并用20mM Tris(pH8)稀释,由此替代缓冲剂。使液体通过HiLoad Q琼脂糖(Sepharose)HP柱(1.6cm ID x 10cm,GE Healthcare)(用20mM Tris缓冲液(pH8)平衡),流速1.0mL/min,进行吸附,并用0至0.4M NaCl进行梯度洗脱,获得人TTR片段。使用Vivaspin 20(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE),将这些片段浓缩至大约5mL。使该浓缩液通过以PBS(pH7.4)平衡的HiLoad 26/60Superdex 75pg柱(2.6cm ID x 60cm,GE Healthcare),并用PBS(pH7.4)洗脱。收集含有人TTR的片段,并使用Vivaspin 20(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE),浓缩至大约5mL。从600mL培养介质中获得大约6mg的人TTR。
1E∶人TTR-生物素(Biotin)的制备
使用Biotinylation Kit(Sulfo-Osu)(DOJINDO LABORATORIES)按照其所附方案,用生物素标记上述1D制备的人TTR,由此制备人TTR-生物素。使用Vivaspin 6(截留分子量10K,VIVASCIENCE),反复地浓缩人TTR(5.0mg),并用50mM NaHCO3稀释,由此替代缓冲剂。用50mM NaHCO3稀释该溶液,使人TTR浓度达到2.0mg/ml,加入生物素-(AC5)2Sulfo-OSu水溶液(10mg/ml)(9.9uL),并使该混合物在25℃下反应2小时。反应之后,使该溶液通过以PBS(pH7.4)平衡的NAP-25柱(GE Healthcare),用PBS(pH7.4)洗脱,收集含有人TTR-生物素的洗脱物(3.5mL)。
1F∶利用视黄醇-RBP4-TTR ELISA进行结合试验
基于RBP4与TTR的视黄醇依赖性结合,这种ELISA系统可以检测RBP4与TTR的复合。
使用上述1C制备的His标记的人RBP4。
使用上述1E制备的生物素化的人TTR。
将链亲和素(Streptavidin)(20μl)(10μg/ml链亲和素II型(Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries,Ltd.)、10mM Tris-HCl(pH7.5)、10mM NaCl)加入到384孔黑色板(NuncMaxiSorp,Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)中,对该板进行离心(1000rpm,1min),并在4℃下涂覆,过夜。用PBST(PBS,0.05%Tween 20,100μl/孔)将板洗涤两次,并用25%BlockAce(Snow Brand Milk Products Co.,Ltd.,PBS,100μl/孔)进行封闭。对板进行离心(1000rpm,1min),并在室温下培养4小时或在4℃下培养过夜。用PBST(PBS,0.05%Tween20,100μl/孔)将板洗涤两次,并加入用PBST稀释750倍的生物素化的人TTR(储备溶液浓度1.0mg/ml)(20μl/孔)。对板进行离心(1000rpm,1min),并在室温下进一步静置1.5小时,或在4℃下静置过夜。用PBST(100μl/孔)将板洗涤3次,并加入用反应缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl,0.005%Tween 20,1mM DTT,0.1%BSA)稀释4000倍的His-标记的人RBP4(储备溶液浓度1.28mg/ml)(10μl/孔)。用DMSO制备化合物的稀释物(200倍浓度),并将各自1.6μl加入到含有视黄醇(50nM)(Sigma-Aldrich Co.)的反应缓冲液(320μl)中。含有视黄醇并加入DMSO的反应缓冲液(320μl)用作阳性对照,不含视黄醇并加入DMSO的反应缓冲液(320μl)用作阴性对照。将视黄醇和化合物的混合溶液加入到板中,15μl/孔。该板在板混合器中搅拌,离心(1000rpm,1min),并在室温下反应2小时。加入反应缓冲液稀释的抗His HRP共轭抗体(QIAGEN)(10μl/孔),离心(1000rpm,1min),并在室温下反应30分钟。用PBST(100μl/孔)将板洗涤3次,加入SuperSignal ELISA Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate reagent(PIERCE,Thermo Fisher Sceintific Inc.),30μl/孔,并用板读数器(Envision)测定荧光。
通过100×(阳性对照值-试验化合物值)/(阳性对照值-阴性对照值),测定化合物的结合抑制活性。结果示于表3中。
表3
由上述结果可知,本发明化合物可以抑制RBP4与视黄醇和TTR的结合。
实验实施例2
使用C57BL/6J小鼠,评价本发明化合物的血液RBP4降低作用。
在自由摄取食物CE-2固体饲料(CLEA Japan,Inc.)的条件下,适应性饲养雄性7至10周龄C57BL/6J小鼠(Japan Charles River)4至6天,并随机分组(每组4或5只)。试验的当天,从尾部静脉收集血样,并分离血浆(0小时值)。而后,口服给予3mg/kg或10mg/kg剂量的试验化合物(实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8)(溶剂∶0.5%甲基纤维素溶液(10mL/kg))。给予化合物之后8和24小时,从尾部静脉收集血样,并分离血浆。口服给予对照组0.5%甲基纤维素溶液(10mL/kg)。
利用ELISA方法,测定所收集的血浆中的RBP4的量。使用兔抗小鼠RBP4多克隆抗体(Hokudo Co.,Ltd.),利用下列方法,定量RBP4。用50μg/mL抗体(100μL)涂覆96孔ELISA板,并在4℃下静置过夜,或在室温下静置2小时。用BlockAce(Dainippon PharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd.)封闭之后,加入100μL的小鼠RBP4或样品,并将该板在室温下静置2小时,用PBS-0.5%Tween20洗涤,加入HRP标记的抗RBP4抗体(通过用HRP(DOJINDO LABORATORIES)标记RBP4多克隆抗体(Hokudo Co.,Ltd.)来制备)(100μL),并在室温下静置1小时。洗涤之后,在室温下,加入TMB(Sigma),保持20分钟,使其显色。用2N硫酸淬灭该反应,并利用板读数器,在A450 nm下测定吸光度。各个个体的与初始值的变化量,以在每个时点与对照组的相对值(初始值/对照值,%)的形式而求得。结果如下所示,平均值±标准偏差(n=4或5)。
[表4]
单次口服给药之后8小时,与对照组相比,所有上述化合物显示出更低的值。这些结果表明,本发明的化合物具有血液RBP4降低作用。
实验实施例3
使用ATP结合的cassette A4敲除(ABCA4 KO)小鼠,评价了本发明的化合物对于眼球中的类视黄醇代谢物双类视黄醇N-视黄亚基-N-视黄基乙醇胺(retinoid metabolitebis-retinoid N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine,A2E)蓄积的抑制作用。在眼球中,A2E是脂褐素的主要组分,并且与萎缩性年龄相关的黄斑变性和斯塔加特氏病的发病和病变发展有关。证明ABCA4 KO小鼠随着衰老而显著地蓄积A2E、脂褐素,并且被称为萎缩性年龄相关的黄斑变性和斯塔加特氏病的动物模型。
将8周大的雄性ABCA4 KO小鼠随机分组,口服给予对照组0.5%甲基纤维素溶液,口服给予试验化合物组下表所示剂量的化合物的0.5%甲基纤维素悬浮液,每天一次,10mL/kg。每个组包括6或7只小鼠。重复给药8或12周之后,在麻醉下,分离眼球。
利用HPLC方法,测定眼球中的A2E。由全反式视黄醛、乙醇胺,在加入有乙酸的乙醇中合成A2E参考标准品。首先,将0.3mL PBS和氧化锆珠加入到眼球中,并使用Mixer MillMM 300(QIAGEN),制备均浆。加入氯仿∶甲醇(2:1)溶液(0.8mL),并将该混合物搅拌5分钟。将下层分取在另外的管中,进一步加入氯仿∶甲醇(2:1)溶液(0.6mL),并将该混合物搅拌5分钟。将下层与先前分取物混合,并通过吹入氮气进行干燥,得到固体。加入0.05mL的85%乙腈溶液,并搅拌该混合物,得到测定样品。对于HPLC,使用Alliance e2695和Photo二极管阵列2998(PDA)(Waters),Empower 2用作分析软件。使用的柱是Atlantis dC18(3μm,3.9x150 mm)(Waters),柱温设置在40℃。作为流动相,使用乙腈和蒸馏水的混合溶液(含有0.1%三氟乙酸),1mL/min,作为梯度条件,在15分钟内,使乙腈浓度从85%上升至100%,而后立即降低至85%,一个样品监测20分钟。利用PDA,在440nm下,在紫外吸收条件下进行定量。
[表5]
| 实施例编号 | 剂量 | A2E(对照值的%) |
| 2 | 10mg/kg | 77.63±9.06 |
| 3 | 10mg/kg | 73.90±15.58 |
| 4 | 1mg/kg | 79.47±14.53 |
| 5 | 3mg/kg | 59.10±10.33 |
重复给予所有上述化合物,能够抑制类视黄醇代谢物A2E在ABCA4KO小鼠的眼球中的蓄积。
制剂实施例1(胶囊剂的制备)
1)实施例1的化合物:30mg
2)微晶纤维素:10mg
3)乳糖:19mg
4)硬脂酸镁:1mg
合计:60mg
将1)、2)、3)和4)混合,并填充在胶囊中。
制剂实施例2(片剂的制备)
1)实施例1的化合物:30g
2)乳糖:50g
3)玉米淀粉:15g
4)羧甲纤维素钙:44g
5)硬脂酸镁:1g
1000片,合计140g
将1)、2)、3)和30g 4)的总数量与水一起搅拌,真空干燥,并筛分。将筛分的粉末与14g的4)和1g的5)一起混合,并将该混合物用压片机进行冲压。用这种方法,获得1000片,每片含有30mg实施例1的化合物。
制剂实施例3(软膏剂的制备)
1)实施例1的化合物:0.5g
2)液体石蜡:1g
3)白凡士林:98.5g
合计:100g
将1)、2)在研钵中充分混合,在捏合下,逐渐地加入3),至总量100g。将所获得的混合物分配,并填充在管中,得到软膏剂。
制剂实施例4(滴眼液的制备)
1)实施例1的化合物:0.05g
2)硼酸:1.2g
3)L-谷氨酸钠:0.2g
4)依地酸钠:0.005g
5)二丁基羟基甲苯:0.005g
6)氯丁醇:0.1g
7)苯扎氯铵(10w/v%):0.05mL
8)l-薄荷醇:0.008g
9)聚乙二醇4000:0.4g
10)氢氧化钠:适量
11)灭菌纯化水,加入至100mL
将上述组分混合,得到滴眼剂。
工业实用性
本发明的化合物具有优良的RBP4降低作用,并且用作预防治疗由RBP4升高或由RBP4提供的视黄醇所介导的疾病或病症的药物,例如,年龄相关的黄斑变性、斯塔加特氏病,等等。
本申请基于专利申请No.2014-217770(在日本申请),本文结合其全部内容作为参考。
SEQ ID NO∶1∶PCR引物(RBPU)
SEQ ID NO∶2∶PCR引物(RBPL)
SEQ ID NO∶3∶PCR引物(TTRU)
SEQ ID NO∶4∶PCR引物(TTRL)
SEQ ID NO∶5∶PCR引物(CMVP)
SEQ ID NO∶6∶PCR引物(RBPECO)
SEQ ID NO∶7∶PCR引物(TTRECO)
SEQ ID NO∶8∶寡核苷酸(HISENU),用于制备含有His标记序列的合成基因片段
SEQ ID NO∶9∶寡核苷酸(HISENL),用于制备含有His标记序列的合成基因片段。
序列表
<110> 武田药品工业株式会社(Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited)
<120> 杂环化合物(Heterocyclic compounds)
<130> 092364
<150> JP2014-217770
<151> 2014-10-24
<160> 9
<170> PatentIn version 3.4
<210> 1
<211> 34
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (RBPU)
<400> 1
atatggatcc accatgaagt gggtgtgggc gctc 34
<210> 2
<211> 38
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (RBPL)
<400> 2
atatgcggcc gcctacaaaa ggtttctttc tgatctgc 38
<210> 3
<211> 35
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (TTRU)
<400> 3
atatggatcc accatggctt ctcatcgtct gctcc 35
<210> 4
<211> 35
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (TTRL)
<400> 4
atatgcggcc gctcattcct tgggattggt gacga 35
<210> 5
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (CMVP)
<400> 5
tgggaggtct atataagcag agctcg 26
<210> 6
<211> 28
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (RBPECO)
<400> 6
atatgaattc ttccttggga ttggtgac 28
<210> 7
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> PCR 引物 (TTRECO)
<400> 7
atatgaattc caaaaggttt ctttctgatc 30
<210> 8
<211> 28
<212> DNA
<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> 用于制备含有His标记序列的合成基因片段的寡核苷酸 (HISENU)
<400> 8
aattccatca tcatcatcat cactaggc 28
<210> 9
<211> 28
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<213> 人工的
<220>
<223> 用于制备含有His标记序列的合成基因片段的寡核苷酸(HISENL)
<400> 9
ggccgcctag tgatgatgat gatgatgg 28
Claims (10)
2.按照权利要求1的化合物或其盐,其中,R是氢原子。
3.按照权利要求1或2的化合物或其盐,其中,环A是不含氮原子以外的其它杂原子作为环构成原子的任选进一步取代的单环含氮芳香杂环。
4.按照权利要求1或2的化合物或其盐,其中,环A是吡唑环、吡啶环或嘧啶环。
5.((4-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1,3-噁唑-2-基)氧基)乙酸,或其盐。
6.含有按照权利要求1或2的化合物或其盐的药物。
7.按照权利要求6的药物,其是视黄醇结合蛋白4降低药物。
8.按照权利要求6的药物,其是黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病的预防或治疗剂。
9.降低哺乳动物的视黄醇结合蛋白4的方法,所述方法包括:给予哺乳动物有效量的按照权利要求1或2的化合物或其盐。
10.预防或治疗哺乳动物的黄斑变性和/或斯塔加特氏病的方法,所述方法包括:给予哺乳动物有效量的按照权利要求1或2的化合物或其盐。
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