CN115173203B - All-optical adjustable plasmon nano optical device based on asymmetric super-surface structure and application thereof - Google Patents
All-optical adjustable plasmon nano optical device based on asymmetric super-surface structure and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/0813—Configuration of resonator
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-optical adjustable plasmon nanometer optical device based on an asymmetric super-surface structure and application thereof, wherein a transparent substrate layer, a metal super-surface array layer and a gain medium layer are respectively arranged from bottom to top, the metal super-surface array layer is deposited on the transparent substrate layer, the metal super-surface array layer is of an asymmetric rectangular periodic array distributed metal nano-structure, the metal super-surface array layer is formed by periodic arrangement of a composite structure consisting of coaxial four-corner star and rectangle, the periods of the arrangement mode in the x direction and the y direction in an array plane are unequal, and a luminescent gain material is spin-coated on the metal nano-structure as the gain medium layer. The plasmon nano optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure utilizes plasmon resonance of the asymmetric metal nano structure and periodic array lattice diffraction mode coupling to realize high Q value resonance response, and asymmetric periodic design provides polarization selection resonance response to realize all-optical adjustable output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano optical devices, in particular to an all-optical adjustable plasmon nano optical device based on an asymmetric super-surface structure and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the information age, electronic components are developed to be highly integrated, miniaturized and high-frequency, and higher requirements are put on financial resources as the basis of the electronic components. Under the excitation of incident electromagnetic waves, the free electrons on the surface of the surface plasmon nano structure interact with the electromagnetic waves to form a resonance mode, so that the distribution of local electromagnetic fields on the surface of the nano structure is changed, and the regulation and control of photon states on the nano scale can be realized. When the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave is consistent with the free electron frequency of the nano-structure surface, the local electromagnetic field can be greatly enhanced in the optical near-field range of the surface. The strongly field-localized nature of plasmon resonance makes it possible for the optics dimensions to break through the optical diffraction limit. The nanometer optical device is a micro-nano device which takes nanometer materials such as nanometer wires as a resonant cavity and can emit laser under the condition of light excitation or electric excitation. Unlike conventional semiconductor micro-nano optics, plasmonic nano optics utilize plasmon resonance modes to replace cavity mode oscillations in semiconductor optics, the subwavelength nature of plasmon resonance allows it to have very small mode volumes. The physical dimensions of such optical devices can be reduced to nanometer levels, thereby effectively reducing lasing threshold and power consumption. In addition, the high local state density of the plasmons ensures that the plasmons nano optical device can realize ultra-fast modulation speed while realizing the physical size of the subwavelength and the extremely small lasing threshold, thereby further expanding the application prospect of the micro-nano optical device in the fields of high-speed optical communication and optical calculation.
Currently, plasmonic nano-optical devices based on metal nanostructure/gain material core-shell structures, semiconductor nanostructure medium/metal film hybrid waveguide structures, metal/medium/metal structures have been realized. However, the plasmon nanometer laser has the problems of larger direction divergence, radiation loss and the like in the structural design at present.
In order to realize radiation loss suppression and lasing direction control, it has been proposed in recent years to arrange plasmon resonance units in a two-dimensional plane, and to highly localize outgoing laser light in a direction perpendicular to an array plane by utilizing co-directional oscillation of local modes in a periodic structure. Compared with plasmon resonance of an independent structure, the arrayed structure can utilize radiation coupling effect between adjacent units, effectively regulate and control the lasing direction and greatly inhibit radiation loss, and the quality factor of the structure is increased by at least one order of magnitude compared with the independent plasmon resonance. In addition, the periodic array plasmon design has a good modulation effect on laser, and the changes of the unit structure period, the size, the shape and the like can obviously influence the lasing performance.
In the existing metal nano-structure array device, a symmetrical medium environment is preferred, and single-wavelength resonance output is carried out irrespective of the polarization state, but the performance of the symmetrical array device is fixed and cannot be regulated once the symmetrical array device is processed, so that the application of the symmetrical array device in the fields such as intelligent control, optical dynamic encryption and the like is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a plasmonic nano-optical device based on an asymmetric super surface structure, which addresses the deficiencies of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the plasmon nanometer optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure is characterized in that: the high-Q-value resonant response is realized by the fact that the transparent substrate layer, the metal super-surface array layer and the gain medium layer are respectively arranged from bottom to top, wherein the metal super-surface array layer is deposited on the transparent substrate layer, the metal super-surface array layer is of an asymmetric rectangular periodic array distributed metal nano structure, the period Px of the rectangular periodic array in the x direction and the period Py of the rectangular periodic array in the y direction in an array plane are unequal, the metal nano structure is of a composite shape formed by coaxial quadrangle stars and squares, the luminescent gain material is spin-coated on the metal super-surface array layer to serve as the gain medium layer, and plasmon resonance of the asymmetric metal nano structure is coupled with a periodic array lattice diffraction mode.
The invention can also adopt or combine the following technical proposal when adopting the technical proposal:
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention: the transparent substrate layer is made of SiO 2 material, and quartz glass, sapphire, organic glass or polydimethylsiloxane are selected.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention: the middle layer metal structure material is aluminum, compared with common noble metal materials such as gold and silver, aluminum is cheaper, and the higher resonance frequency of the bulk plasma element and the narrower inter-band transition distance enable the working range of the device to be fully covered from ultraviolet to near infrared.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention: the gain medium layer is in a liquid or solid form, the refractive index of the gain medium layer is different from the refractive index delta n of the transparent substrate layer, delta n is smaller than 0.1, and the gain medium layer is coupled with a plasmon resonance mode of a metal structure by utilizing a periodic lattice diffraction mode generated by a periodic structure in a refractive index matching environment, so that a laser resonance cavity with higher Q is realized. The half-peak width of the light-emitting of the gain medium is less than 50nm, the length deviation of the light-emitting wavelength of the gain medium relative to the period length of the asymmetric super-surface structure in the x direction, multiplied by the refractive index of the gain material is less than 30nm, and therefore plasmon resonance wavelength and gain material quantum emission coupling during polarization excitation in the x direction are achieved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention: the period of the asymmetric super-surface structure is 200 nm-600 nm, and the response of the structure can be controlled to change from ultraviolet to near infrared by utilizing the length change; in the composite structure formed by coaxial quadrangle star and square, the maximum diagonal length of the quadrangle star is 1/6-1/3 of the period Px, the included angle between the diagonal of the coaxial quadrangle star and the diagonal of the quadrangle star is 45 degrees, the side length of the square is 1/2-3/4 of the diagonal length of the quadrangle star, and the wavelength position of the diffraction mode of the periodic lattice is translated to the long side direction of the plasmon resonance peak by controlling the relative length of the metal nano structure and the array period, so that the radiation loss is reduced, and the resonance Q value is increased. By designing a quadrangle star-shaped and square composite resonance structure with smaller inner angles, a 'needle tip effect' is formed at the edge of the resonance structure, the local field amplification effect is further enhanced, the square structure size is used for controlling the plasmon resonance wavelength position of the composite structure, and the resonance Q value is optimized.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention: the periods of the metal super-surface array layer along the x direction and the y direction are different, and the difference value is 40 nm-100 nm. When the polarization of the excitation light is incident along the x direction, the plasmon resonance wavelength is overlapped with the quantum emission wave band of the gain material, and laser output is generated; when the laser is incident along the y direction, the plasmon resonance wavelength is not coincident with the quantum emission wave band of the gain material, the output of laser is stopped, and the full-optical modulation laser output by utilizing the polarization state is realized.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an application of a plasmonic nano-optical device based on an asymmetric super surface structure, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the plasmon nano optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure is applied to a nano laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the plasmon nano optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure and the application thereof, the asymmetric periodic super-surface structure is used as a laser resonant cavity to be coupled with a gain material, so that the regulation and control of the emergent laser intensity and wavelength by using the polarization state of incident light are successfully realized; the high localized electromagnetic resonance characteristic of nano metal and the narrow bandwidth lattice diffraction characteristic of an array structure can be integrated by utilizing the arrayed super-surface metal nano particles, the low threshold laser output can be generated by being coupled with a gain material as a high-quality nanoscale resonant cavity, the resonance 'needle point effect' is enhanced by the coaxial four-corner star-shaped and square periodic array composite-shaped metal nano structure, the local field amplification effect is enhanced, the asymmetric super-surface array resonance characteristic is highly sensitive to an incident polarization state, and the full-light regulation and control of the emergent laser wavelength by utilizing the polarization state can be realized by setting in-plane periodic variation; the invention has simple structure, can realize laser output of other wave bands through the proportional conversion of the size, and has good application prospect in the fields of nano lasers and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a metal subsurface array layer;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in the transmission spectrum of a device as the dimensions of an asymmetric metal nanostructure change;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the variation of the transmitted light skin of the device as the period of the asymmetric metal nanostructure varies;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the output spectral characteristics of the device for different power pumps;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transmission spectrum of the device when the incident light is polarized in the x and y directions, respectively, when the x and y polarization directions are asymmetric;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement of the output spectral characteristics of pump laser light at x-polarization and y-polarization incidence, respectively;
in the drawing, a silicon dioxide transparent substrate layer 1, a metallic aluminum super surface array layer 2 and a cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystalline gain medium layer 3 are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, in the plasmon nano optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure, a silicon dioxide transparent substrate layer 1, a metal super-surface array layer 2 and a cesium lead perovskite nanocrystalline gain medium layer 3 are respectively arranged from bottom to top, wherein the metal super-surface array layer 2 is deposited on the transparent substrate layer 1, the metal super-surface array layer 2 comprises a plurality of asymmetric metal nano structures 201, and the asymmetric metal nano structures 201 are distributed in a rectangular periodic array.
The asymmetric metal nano structure is in a composite shape formed by coaxial quadrangle star and square, cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystalline is spin-coated on the metal super surface array layer 2 to serve as a gain medium layer, and the corresponding central luminescence is 520nm. The thicknesses of the transparent substrate layer and the gain medium layer are greater than 1 μm to exclude the effect of equivalent refractive index variation caused by thickness variation. The refractive index of the cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystalline film near the luminous wave band is different from the refractive index of the silicon dioxide substrate by 0.04, and the periodic structure can generate a periodic lattice diffraction mode in an index matching environment. The maximum diagonal length d of the quadrangle star is 1/6-1/3 of the period Px in the metal structure, and the mode coupling is generated by controlling the proportional relation between the maximum resonance length of the metal nano structure and the array period and translating the wavelength position of the diffraction mode of the periodic lattice to the long side direction of the plasmon resonance peak, so that the radiation loss is reduced, and the high Q laser resonance cavity is realized. The included angle between the diagonal line of the coaxial square and the diagonal line of the quadrangle star is 45 degrees, and a needle point effect is formed at the edge of the resonance structure by designing a quadrangle star-square composite resonance structure with smaller inner angle, so that the local field amplifying effect is further enhanced, the side length of the square is 1/2-3/4 of the length of the diagonal line of the quadrangle star, and the structural size of the square is used for controlling the resonance waveform and the wavelength position of the plasmon of the composite structure and optimizing the resonance Q value.
According to the plasmon nanometer optical device based on the asymmetric super-surface structure, siO 2 is used as a transparent substrate material, a periodic asymmetric metal nanometer structure array is deposited on the SiO 2, and a cesium lead rust perovskite nanometer crystal film is spin-coated on the array structure to be used as a light-emitting gain material.
In the technical scheme, plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructure is coupled with a periodic array lattice diffraction mode, so that high-Q resonance response is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the array structure has periods px=350 nm and py=390 nm along the x and y directions, respectively, the maximum length of the four-star of the asymmetric metal nano structure is 80nm, the internal angle is 10 °, and the side length of the square is 60nm. In order to ensure that the full-optical modulation effect of laser output is realized by utilizing the polarization state, the deviation between the resonance wavelength position of the plasmon in the y direction and the resonance wavelength position of the plasmon in the x direction should exceed the fluorescence emission wavelength range of the cesium lead perovskite nanocrystalline, and according to the lattice diffraction theory, when the difference between the x period and the y period is more than 40nm, the corresponding difference between the wavelength of the coupling resonance mode and the wavelength of 60nm ensures that the resonance in the y direction has no gain effect on the laser output when the resonance in the x direction is coupled with the light-emitting wave band of the gain material. Meanwhile, in order to avoid efficiency reduction caused by the reduction of the metal resonance absorption cross section when the period difference is overlarge, the period difference between x and y is designed to be less than 100nm.
Fig. 3 shows a graph of the change in x-direction transmission spectrum when the size of the metal structure is changed at a period px=350 nm in the plane of the rectangular periodic array, and it can be seen that as the size of the metal structure is reduced, that is, the farther the position of the resonance wavelength of the localized surface plasmon of the particle is from the position of the periodic lattice diffraction rayleigh anomaly, the sharper the resonance peak is exhibited.
Fig. 4 shows the change in transmission spectrum of the corresponding polarization direction device when the rectangular period is changed. Along with the increase of the period, the abnormal position of the periodic lattice diffraction Rayleigh is red shifted, the hybridization coupling and the mode of the periodic lattice diffraction Rayleigh and the local surface plasmon resonance are red shifted, and the radiation loss reduces the resonance peak Q value and increases due to the position of the peak value of the principle local plasmon resonance.
Fig. 5 shows the spectral response of the device at different pump powers, and as the pump power increases, the device shows a significant threshold effect as can be seen from the log-log plot of the pump power-emergent light intensity of the inset, which proves that the low-threshold nano laser output can be realized through the structure.
FIG. 6 shows different transmission spectra of incident light when the periods in the x and y directions are not equal, and fluorescence spectra of cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystals as gain materials when the incident light is incident in the x polarization state and the y polarization state, it can be seen that the resonance peak position is near 520nm and is exactly coincident with the quantum emission band of the cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystal film when the incident light is incident in the x direction, and the resonance peak position is near 545nm, and the fluorescence intensity of the cesium lead rust perovskite nanocrystals at the wavelength position is very weak, thereby forming the regulation of the resonance peak position by using the polarization state.
FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the output spectral characteristics of the pump laser at a power of 200 μJ/cm 2 for x-polarized and y-polarized incidence, respectively. Under the x polarization state, the resonance wavelength position of the super-surface resonant cavity is not coincident with the fluorescence light-emitting position, and effective laser gain amplification cannot be realized, so that the output signal intensity is weaker. And under the incidence of y polarization state, the resonance position of the super-surface resonant cavity is well overlapped with the fluorescence gain wave band, so that laser output is generated. The on-off control of the emergent laser by using the polarization state of the pump light can be well realized by coupling the asymmetric super-surface resonant cavity array.
The invention realizes laser output through the nanoscale resonant cavity, greatly reduces the size of a device, and can realize all-optical regulation and control on the wavelength of emergent laser by utilizing the polarization state of incident light; the needle point effect is enhanced through the sharp angle shape of the quadrangle star, and the local field amplifying effect is enhanced; the invention has simple structure and can realize laser output of other wave bands through the proportional conversion of the size.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the present invention by way of example only and not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An all-optical adjustable plasmon nano optical device based on an asymmetric super-surface structure is characterized in that: the device comprises a transparent substrate layer, a metal super surface array layer and a gain medium layer from bottom to top, wherein the metal super surface array layer is deposited on the transparent substrate layer, the metal super surface array layer is of an asymmetric rectangular periodic array distributed metal nano structure, the period Px of the asymmetric rectangular periodic array in the x direction and the period Py of the asymmetric rectangular periodic array in the y direction in an array plane are unequal, the metal nano structure is of a composite shape formed by a coaxial quadrangle star and a square, the metal nano structure is internally and centrally symmetrical, a luminescent gain material is spin-coated on the metal super surface array layer as the gain medium layer, plasmon resonance of the metal nano structure is coupled with a periodic array lattice diffraction mode, high Q value resonance response is realized, the asymmetric rectangular period provides polarization selection resonance response, and full-optical adjustable output based on the polarization state of pumping light is realized;
The periods Px and Py of the asymmetric rectangular periodic array are 200 nm-600 nm, the maximum diagonal length of the four-corner star is 1/6-1/3 of the period Px in the metal nano structure, the included angle between the coaxial rectangular diagonal and the four-corner star diagonal is 45 degrees, and the side length of the square is 1/2-3/4 of the length of the four-corner star diagonal.
2. The asymmetric subsurface structure-based all-optical tunable plasmonic nano-optical device according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent substrate layer is made of quartz glass, sapphire, organic glass or polydimethylsiloxane.
3. The asymmetric subsurface structure-based all-optical tunable plasmonic nano-optical device according to claim 1, wherein: the metal nano-structure material is aluminum, and the working wave band of the metal nano-structure material is from ultraviolet wave band to near infrared wave band.
4. The asymmetric subsurface structure-based all-optical tunable plasmonic nano-optical device according to claim 1, wherein: the gain medium layer is in a liquid or solid form, the refractive index of the gain medium layer and the refractive index of the transparent substrate layer are different by n, n is less than 0.1, and the luminous half-peak width of the gain medium is less than 50 nm.
5. The asymmetric subsurface structure-based all-optical tunable plasmonic nano-optical device according to claim 4, wherein: the difference value between the period Px of the rectangular periodic array in the x direction and the period Py of the rectangular periodic array in the y direction in the array plane is 40 nm-100 nm, and the device realizes the full-light modulation effect of laser output on or off when the polarization state of pumping laser is converted in the x direction and the y direction.
6. Use of an all-optical tunable plasmonic nano-optical device based on an asymmetric super-surface structure according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that: the method is applied to the nano laser.
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| CN114721071A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-08 | 天津山河光电科技有限公司 | Super-surface optical device and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN114721071A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-08 | 天津山河光电科技有限公司 | Super-surface optical device and manufacturing process thereof |
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