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CN115156603A - Multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115156603A
CN115156603A CN202210784489.0A CN202210784489A CN115156603A CN 115156603 A CN115156603 A CN 115156603A CN 202210784489 A CN202210784489 A CN 202210784489A CN 115156603 A CN115156603 A CN 115156603A
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bottom edge
center
value
gap
depth
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CN115156603B (en
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陈友梁
姜峰
王珏
张智勇
杨培连
卢家鸿
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Huaqiao University
Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Co Ltd
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Huaqiao University
Xiamen Golden Egret Special Alloy Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/165—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with chipbreaking or chipdividing equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/34—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools milling cutters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the end milling cutter comprises a rod-shaped body, one end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a cutting part, and the other end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a handle part; the cutting portion includes a bottom edge and a peripheral edge; the bottom edge comprises a bottom edge cutting edge, a chip groove and a bottom edge center; the bottom edge center comprises a bottom edge center edge and a tooth gap width; the center structure of the center of the bottom edge, which corresponds to the width of the tooth gap, is Z-shaped; the shape of the bottom edge center blade is arc curve. On one hand, the center of the bottom edge is more uniformly worn by adjusting the shape of the center structure of the center of the bottom edge on the premise of ensuring the chip containing space of the end mill with the dense-teeth ball head, and the probability of damage to the cutter is reduced; on the other hand, the shape of the central edge of the bottom edge is changed, so that the central strength of the bottom edge can be increased under the condition of ensuring the width of the tooth gap of the cutter.

Description

Multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutters, in particular to a multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The ball end mill is widely applied to the processing of key parts in the industries of aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like. Meanwhile, the key parts are mainly made of materials which are difficult to process and have the characteristics of high strength, low density, high hot hardness and the like, such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy, high-strength steel and the like. In order to process these difficult-to-machine materials, a method of increasing the cutting edge (i.e. designing a dense-teeth structure) is generally adopted to increase the service life of the tool, but the dense-teeth type ball end mill still has the following problems:
1. the increase of the number of teeth can lead to the reduction of chip containing space of the cutter, the temperature rise of the bottom edge part of the ball head with the worst chip removal and heat dissipation effects is faster, chips are not easy to discharge, and only the chip containing space of the bottom edge can be increased;
2. the number of teeth of the ball-end milling cutter is increased, but the number of teeth of the center of the bottom blade is difficult to increase due to the restriction of chip containing space, so that the center of the bottom blade is easy to damage, and the cutter fails.
A multi-edge ball nose end mill of the prior art, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, generally includes a bottom edge 101, a peripheral edge 102, and a shank 103. The bottom edge 101 comprises a bottom edge cutting edge 104, a chip flute 105 and a bottom edge centre 106. The bottom edge center 106 includes a bottom edge center edge 107 and a tooth space width w. In order to ensure the roundness of the contour of the ball end blade, the center structure of the center of the end blade of the multi-blade ball end mill in the prior art is in a straight shape (as shown in fig. 2), but the center structure is easy to damage when processing difficult-to-process materials such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like. In addition, the bottom edge center edge 107 of the multi-edge ball-end mill
Is a straight line segment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a multi-edge ball-end milling cutter and a manufacturing method thereof, on one hand, the center of a bottom edge is more uniformly worn on the premise of ensuring the chip containing space of the dense-tooth ball-end milling cutter by adjusting the shape of the center structure of the bottom edge, and the damage probability of a cutter is reduced; on the other hand, the shape of the central edge of the bottom edge is changed, so that the central strength of the bottom edge can be increased under the condition of ensuring the width of the tooth clearance of the cutter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a multi-edge ball end mill comprises a rod-shaped body, wherein one end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a cutting part, and the other end of the rod-shaped body is provided with a handle part; the cutting part comprises a bottom edge and a peripheral edge; the bottom edge comprises a bottom edge cutting edge, a chip groove and a bottom edge center; the bottom edge center comprises a bottom edge center edge and a tooth space width; the center structure of the center of the bottom edge corresponding to the width of the tooth space is Z-shaped.
The center structure of the center of the bottom blade corresponds to a Z-shaped formed gap, and the gap comprises a gap depth h and a gap length l; the void depth h and the void length l satisfy the following formulas:
1％A≤h≤20％A；
5A≤l≤35A；
wherein A is the highest machinable precision value of the preset multi-edge ball-end milling cutter.
The shape of the bottom edge center blade is a circular arc curve shape, the maximum radius of the circular arc curve is R, the vertical direction distance from the arc starting point of the circular arc curve to the bottom edge center is H, wherein the value range of R is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.6mm, the value range of H is 10-w and less than or equal to H and less than or equal to 40-w, w is the tooth space width.
A method for manufacturing a multi-edge ball-end milling cutter is characterized in that a central structure of the center of a bottom edge, which corresponds to the width of a tooth gap, is designed into a Z shape, and the shape of the center of the Z-shaped bottom edge is controlled by utilizing the depth h and the length l of the gap; the depth h and length l of the gap refer to the depth and length of the center structure of the center of the bottom blade corresponding to the Z-shaped gap; which comprises the following steps:
the machining precision of the multi-edge ball-end mill is +/-A;
the value range of the initial selection gap depth h is 1%A ≤ h ≤ 100%, A, and the value range of the gap length l is 1A ≤ l ≤ 50A;
the numerical parameter of the clearance length l is a median value, the numerical parameter of the clearance depth h is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software based on the parameters of the clearance depth h and the clearance length l, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with the clearance depth h is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point of the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge, corresponding to the clearance depth h, which are not more than 0.8X are determined as the numerical range of the clearance depth h;
the numerical parameter of the clearance depth h is a median value, the numerical parameter of the clearance length l is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software based on the numerical parameters of the clearance depth h and the clearance length l, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with the clearance length l is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point of the bottom edge corresponding to the clearance length l, wherein the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is not more than 0.8X, are determined as the numerical range of the clearance length l;
and (4) initially selecting the optimal values of the gap depth h and the gap length l through finite element simulation.
Further, in determining the void depth h and the void length l, the void length l is determined by a value of 50% A, the void depth h is determined by a value of 30% A,40% A, the% by a value of 50% A,60% A,70% A; when the value range of the void length l is determined, the void depth h is 25A, and the void length l is 5A,15A,25A,35A and 45A.
The shape of the center edge of the bottom edge is designed into a circular arc curve shape, and the shape of the circular arc curve shape is mainly controlled by the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve and the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the circular arc curve and the center of the bottom edge; the method comprises the following steps:
initially selecting the maximum radius R with the value range of 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, and the distance H with the value range of 10% w-50% w; w is the tooth space width;
the numerical parameter of the maximum radius R is a median value, the numerical parameter of the distance H is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, based on the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve and the distance H parameter of the arc starting point of the circular arc curve from the center of the bottom edge in the vertical direction, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is set to be X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by adopting finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with R is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point, corresponding to the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve, of which the maximum strain value does not exceed 0.8X are determined to be the numerical range of the maximum radius R;
the numerical parameter of the distance H is a median value, the numerical parameter of the maximum radius R is two endpoints of a numerical range of the numerical parameter and a plurality of points between the two endpoints, based on the maximum radius R of a circular arc curve and the parameter of the distance H of an arc starting point of the circular arc curve from the center of the bottom blade in the vertical direction, modeling software is used for establishing a structural model of the bottom blade, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom blade during face milling of the conventional ball nose end mill is set to be X, then under the same processing parameters, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom blade is obtained by adopting finite element simulation, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with R is obtained, and the upper and lower boundary points of the arc starting point of the circular arc curve from the center of the bottom blade corresponding to the maximum strain value H in the vertical direction are determined to be the numerical range of the distance H of the arc starting point from the arc starting point of the circular arc curve to the center of the bottom blade in the vertical direction.
Further, in determining the range of the maximum radius R, the maximum radius R is 0.5 and the distance H is 10% w,20% w,30% w,40% w,50% w; when the distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge in the vertical direction is determined to be within a value range, the distance H is 10% A, and the maximum radius R is 0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0.
A method for manufacturing a multi-edge ball end mill adopts Z-shaped flame as a central structure of the center of a bottom edge, and controls the shape of the Z-shaped bottom edge through two dimensions of a gap depth h and a gap length l; the depth h and the length l of the gap refer to the depth and the length of the gap formed by the central structure of the center of the bottom blade corresponding to the Z shape; and the tooth clearance width w at the center of the bottom edge of the cutter is ensured to be unchanged, the center edge of the bottom edge of the multi-edge ball-end milling cutter is designed into an arc curve shape, and the shape of the arc curve is controlled by the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the arc curve and the center of the bottom edge.
A method for manufacturing a multi-edge ball end mill comprises the following steps:
(1) an orthogonal test method is adopted, the depth H of a gap, the length L of the gap, the maximum radius R of an arc curve and the vertical distance H between an arc starting point of the arc curve and the center of a bottom blade are taken as factors, the set factors are divided into 5 levels, and L16 (4) is established 5 ) An orthogonal table;
(2) according to the obtained orthogonal tables of different structural parameters, utilizing UG modeling software to establish a multi-edge ball-end mill bottom edge structural model;
(3) importing the obtained bottom blade structure model of the multi-blade ball-end mill into finite element simulation software, and establishing a contact relation between a cutter and a workpiece according to a machining mode; setting cutting process parameters to carry out numerical simulation to obtain a maximum strain value of the center of the bottom blade;
(4) performing range and variance analysis on the obtained result of the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge by taking the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge as an optimization object to obtain the influence rule and the influence significance of different factors on the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge; the geometrical structure parameters of the bottom edge of the multi-edge ball-end milling cutter with the small maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge are excellent;
(5) and manufacturing the multi-edge ball-end milling cutter according to the obtained figure of merit combinations of H, l, R and H, and performing a face milling experiment with the conventional ball-end milling cutter with the same specification under the same processing parameters to prove the design effectiveness of the cutter.
The value range of the gap depth h is 1%A ≤ h ≤ 20%, the value range of the gap length l is 5A ≤ l ≤ 35A; the value range of the maximum radius R of the arc curve is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.6mm, the value range of the distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge in the vertical direction is that the H is more than or equal to 10 w and less than or equal to 40 w; wherein A is the machining precision value of the preset multi-edge ball-end milling cutter, and w is the tooth clearance width.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. on the premise of ensuring the chip containing space of the dense-tooth ball-end milling cutter, the center shape of the bottom edge is adjusted according to the requirement of the machining size precision of the workpiece, the center of the bottom edge of the existing ball-end milling cutter is changed from a straight shape to a Z shape, so that the center abrasion of the bottom edge is more uniform, and the damage probability of the cutter is reduced;
2. under the condition of ensuring the width of the cutter tooth gap, the shape of the center edge of the bottom edge is changed from the conventional straight line shape to the circular arc shape, so that the thickness of the center edge of the bottom edge is properly increased, stress concentration is avoided, and the center strength of the bottom edge is increased.
The invention is further explained in detail with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments; however, the multi-edge ball nose end mill and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention are not limited to the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art multi-edged ball nose end mill;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the center of the bottom edge of a multi-edged ball nose end mill of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bottom edge of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the center of the bottom edge of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of the center of the bottom edge of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the center stress analysis position of a Z-shaped bottom edge of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the maximum stress values at the center of the bottom edge of a conventional ball nose mill;
FIG. 9 is a graphical illustration of a zigzag bottom edge center stress curve of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a radiused curvilinear bottom edge center edge of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a 6-blade ball nose end mill for testing;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the center wear of a conventional straight bottom edge;
figure 13 is a schematic view of bottom edge center wear of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
Referring to fig. 3 to 7 and 10, a multi-blade ball nose end mill of the present invention includes a rod-shaped body 1, one end of the rod-shaped body 1 is provided with a cutting part 2, and the other end is provided with a shank 3; the cutting portion 2 includes a bottom edge 4 and a peripheral edge 5; the bottom edge 4 comprises a bottom edge cutting edge 41, a chip flute 42 and a bottom edge center 6; the bottom edge center 6 comprises a bottom edge center edge 7 and a tooth space width w; the central structure 61 of the bottom edge center corresponding to the tooth gap width is in a zigzag shape.
In this embodiment, the 6-center structure 61 at the center of the bottom blade forms a gap 8 corresponding to the zigzag shape, and the gap 8 includes a gap depth h and a gap length l; the void depth h and the void length l satisfy the following formulas:
1％A≤h≤20％A；
5A≤l≤35A；
wherein A is the highest machinable precision value of the preset multi-edge ball-end milling cutter.
In the embodiment, the bottom blade center edge 7 is in the shape of a circular arc curve, the maximum radius of the circular arc curve is R, the distance from the arc starting point of the circular arc curve to the bottom blade center in the vertical direction is H, wherein the value range of the initial selection R is 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, the value range of H is 10% w-50% w, and w is the tooth gap width.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multi-edge ball-end milling cutter, which is characterized in that a central structure 61 corresponding to the tooth gap width of the center 6 of a bottom edge is designed into a Z shape, and the shape of the center of the Z-shaped bottom edge is controlled by utilizing the depth h and the length l of a gap; wherein, the depth h and length l of the gap refer to the depth and length of the central structure 61 of the center of the bottom blade corresponding to the Z-shaped gap 8; the method comprises the following steps:
the machining precision of the multi-edge ball-end mill is +/-A;
the value range of the initial selection gap depth h is 1%A ≤ h ≤ 100%, A, and the value range of the gap length l is 1A ≤ l ≤ 50A;
the numerical parameter of the clearance length l is a median value, the numerical parameter of the clearance depth h is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software based on the parameters of the clearance depth h and the clearance length l, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with the clearance depth h is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point of the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge, corresponding to the clearance depth h, which are not more than 0.8X are determined as the numerical range of the clearance depth h;
the numerical parameter of the clearance depth h is a median value, the numerical parameter of the clearance length l is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software based on the numerical parameters of the clearance depth h and the clearance length l, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with the clearance length l is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point of the bottom edge corresponding to the clearance length l, wherein the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is not more than 0.8X, are determined as the numerical range of the clearance length l;
and (4) initially selecting the optimal values of the gap depth h and the gap length l through finite element simulation.
The shape of the center edge of the bottom edge is designed into a circular arc curve shape, and the shape of the circular arc curve shape is mainly controlled by the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve and the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the circular arc curve and the center of the bottom edge; which comprises the following steps:
the initial selection maximum radius R is between 0.1mm and R1.0 mm, the distance H is between 10% w and H50% w; w is the tooth space width;
the numerical parameter of the maximum radius R is a median value, the numerical parameter of the distance H is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, based on the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve and the distance H parameter of the arc starting point of the circular arc curve from the center of the bottom edge in the vertical direction, a bottom edge structure model is established by using modeling software, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is set to be X when the conventional ball nose end mill is subjected to face milling, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge is obtained by adopting finite element simulation under the same processing parameters, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with R is obtained, and the upper boundary point and the lower boundary point, corresponding to the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve, of which the maximum strain value does not exceed 0.8X are determined to be the numerical range of the maximum radius R;
the numerical parameter of the distance H is a median value, the numerical parameter of the maximum radius R is two end points of the numerical range and a plurality of points between the two end points, based on the maximum radius R of the circular arc curve and the parameter of the distance H between the arc starting point of the circular arc curve and the center of the bottom blade in the vertical direction, a bottom blade structural model is established by using modeling software, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom blade during face milling of the conventional ball nose end mill is set to be X, then under the same processing parameter, the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom blade is obtained by adopting finite element simulation, the rule that the maximum strain value changes along with R is obtained, and the upper and lower boundary points corresponding to the distance H between the arc starting point of the circular arc curve and the center of the bottom blade are determined as the numerical range of the distance H between the arc starting point of the circular arc curve and the center of the bottom blade in the vertical direction.
The following further describes a multi-edge ball end mill and a manufacturing method thereof, taking a six-edge ball end mill made of cemented carbide R9.5 as an example.
In the invention, the center of the bottom blade is changed into a Z shape in order to ensure that the center of the bottom blade is uniformly worn, but because the center of the Z-shaped bottom blade generates a gap 8, the processing precision of a workpiece is reduced by the depth h and the length l of the gap, the depth h and the length l of the gap need to be adjusted by the center of the Z-shaped bottom blade according to the actual processing requirement.
If the multi-edge ball-end mill can be machined with the precision of +/-A, the machining of the conventional ball-end mill is carried out due to the fact that the cutter is damaged, and the dimensional precision of parts is poor. In order to determine the value ranges of the depth h and the length l of the gap, finite element simulation is adopted, and the maximum stress value of the center of the bottom edge is set to be X when the conventional ball-end mill is used for face milling, so that the maximum stress value of the center of the Z-shaped bottom edge cannot exceed 0.8X under the same processing parameters.
Initial selection h is 1%A ≤ h ≤ 100% A, and l is 1A ≤ l ≤ 50A. Because the depth h and the length l of the gap are independent variables, a single-factor method is adopted for simulation. Specific values of h and l are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 values of the void depth h
Figure BDA0003731408510000081
TABLE 2 values of the void length l
Figure BDA0003731408510000082
And taking the boundary point of which the maximum stress value of the center of the bottom edge is not more than 0.8X as the value range of the depth h and the length l of the gap.
Taking a cemented carbide R9.5 six-edge ball-end mill as an example, the machining precision requirement of the tool is +/-0.03 mm, the values of the clearance depth h and the clearance length l are shown in Table 3, and the maximum stress value of the center of the bottom edge of the conventional ball-end mill is shown in FIG. 8.
Value of table 3R9.5 six-edge ball-end mill clearance depth h
Figure BDA0003731408510000083
The maximum stress value of the center of the bottom edge of the conventional ball-end milling cutter is 724MPa, so that the maximum stress value of the center of the bottom edge does not exceed 579MPa. The variation of the stress at the center of the bottom edge in the shape of a zigzag is shown in FIG. 9.
As can be seen from FIG. 9, the tolerance range of the cemented carbide R9.5 six-edged ball-end mill h is 0.006mm-0.27mm.
In order to ensure that the heat dissipation of the bottom edge of the cutter and the space for containing chips are not changed, the tooth clearance width w at the center of the bottom edge of the cutter is ensured to be not changed. Therefore, the center edge of the bottom edge is changed into an arc curve, the maximum radius of the arc curve is R, and the vertical distance from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge is H.
The arc starting point of the center blade of the bottom blade of the arc curve is designed below a Z shape, so that the smooth connection between the arc curve and a straight line is ensured, the sharp points of the conventional linear type are reduced, the stress concentration is reduced, the center stress of the bottom blade of the cutter is uniform, and the service life of the center of the bottom blade is prolonged.
The value ranges of R and H directly influence the stress distribution and chip containing space of the cutter. When R and H are too small, the effect of reducing stress concentration at the center of the bottom blade is insufficient; when R and H are too large, the chip containing space at the center of the bottom edge of the cutter is reduced.
According to the grinding process of the ball end mill, the value range of the primary R is 0.1mm to 1.0mm, the value range of the H is 10% w to H to 50% w. And because R and H are independent variables, a single-factor method is adopted for simulation. Specific values of R and H are shown in tables 4 and 5.
Table 4 values of R
Figure BDA0003731408510000091
Values of Table 5H
Figure BDA0003731408510000092
And taking the boundary point of which the maximum stress value of the center of the bottom blade is not more than 0.8X as the value range of the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the arc curve and the center of the bottom blade.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the center of the novel bottom edge, a 6-edge ball-end milling cutter is adopted for carrying out a comparison experiment. The experimental parameters are cutting speed Vc =45m/min, feed per tooth fz =0.05mm/min, cutting depth Ap =2mm and cutting width Ae =0.8mm.
The wear of the center of the bottom edge of the tool after 60min of cutting is shown in fig. 11, 12, 13. As can be seen from fig. 11, 12 and 13, the service life of the center of the circular arc curved bottom edge is remarkably improved.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-blade ball-end milling cutter and the manufacturing method thereof have the beneficial effects that:
1. on the premise of ensuring the chip containing space of the dense-tooth ball-end milling cutter, the center shape of the bottom edge is adjusted according to the requirement of the machining size precision of the workpiece, the center of the bottom edge of the existing ball-end milling cutter is changed from a straight shape to a Z shape, so that the center abrasion of the bottom edge is more uniform, and the damage probability of the cutter is reduced;
2. under the condition of ensuring the width of the cutter tooth clearance, the shape of the central edge of the bottom blade is changed into a circular arc shape from a conventional straight line shape, so that the thickness of the central edge of the bottom blade is properly increased, stress concentration is avoided, and the central strength of the bottom blade is increased.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种多刃球头立铣刀，包括一棒形体，棒形体的一端设为切削部，另一端设为柄部；所述切削部包括底刃和周刃；所述底刃包括底刃切削刃、容屑槽和底刃中心；所述底刃中心包括底刃中心刃和齿隙宽度；其特征在于：所述底刃中心的对应于齿隙宽度的中心结构呈Z字形。1. A multi-blade ball end mill, comprising a rod-shaped body, one end of the rod-shaped body is set as a cutting portion, and the other end is set as a shank portion; the cutting portion includes a bottom edge and a peripheral edge; the bottom edge includes a bottom edge A cutting edge, a chip pocket and a bottom edge center; the bottom edge center includes a bottom edge center edge and a tooth gap width; it is characterized in that: the center structure of the bottom edge center corresponding to the tooth gap width is Z-shaped. 2.根据权利要求1所述的多刃球头立铣刀，其特征在于：所述底刃中心的中心结构对应于Z字形形成空隙，所述空隙包括空隙深度h和空隙长度l；所述空隙深度h和空隙长度l满足如下公式：2. The multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center structure of the bottom edge center corresponds to a zigzag to form a gap, and the gap includes a gap depth h and a gap length l; the The void depth h and void length l satisfy the following formulas: 1％A≤h≤20％A；1%A≤h≤20%A; 5A≤l≤35A；5A≤l≤35A; 其中，A为预置的多刃球头立铣刀的最高可加工精度值。Among them, A is the maximum machinable precision value of the preset multi-blade ball end mill. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多刃球头立铣刀，其特征在于：所述的底刃中心刃的形状为圆弧曲线形，圆弧曲线的最大半径为R，圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离为H，其中，R的取值范围为0.1mm≤R≤0.6mm，H的取值范围为10％w≤H≤40％w，w为齿隙宽度。3. The multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shape of the center edge of the bottom edge is an arc curve, the maximum radius of the arc curve is R, and the arc curve The vertical distance between the arcing point and the center of the bottom edge is H, where the value range of R is 0.1mm≤R≤0.6mm, the value range of H is 10%w≤H≤40%w, and w is the backlash width. 4.一种多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，将底刃中心的对应于齿隙宽度的中心结构设计成Z字形，并利用空隙深度h和空隙长度l来控制Z字形的底刃中心的形状；其中，空隙深度h和空隙长度l是指底刃中心的中心结构对应于Z字形形成空隙的深度和长度；其包括如下步骤：4. A method for making a multi-blade ball end mill, the center structure of the bottom edge center corresponding to the width of the tooth gap is designed into a zigzag, and the gap depth h and the gap length l are used to control the zigzag bottom edge center Wherein, the void depth h and the void length l refer to the center structure of the bottom edge center corresponding to the depth and length of the zigzag forming void; it comprises the following steps: 设多刃球头立铣刀可加工精度±A；The machining accuracy of multi-blade ball end mill is ±A; 初选空隙深度h的取值范围为1％A≤h≤100％A，空隙长度l的取值范围为1A≤l≤50A；The value range of the preliminary void depth h is 1%A≤h≤100%A, and the value range of the void length l is 1A≤l≤50A; 空隙长度l的取值参数为中位值，空隙深度h的取值参数为其取值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间的多个点，基于空隙深度h和空隙长度l参数，使用建模软件，建立底刃结构模型，设常规球头立铣刀面铣时底刃中心最大应变值为X，则在相同加工参数下，采用有限元仿真得到底刃中心最大应变值，获得最大应变值随空隙深度h变化的规律，确定空隙深度h对应的底刃中心最大应变值不超过0.8X的上下边界点为空隙深度h取值范围；The value parameter of the gap length l is the median value, and the value parameter of the gap depth h is the two endpoints of the value range and multiple points between the two endpoints. Based on the parameters of the gap depth h and the gap length l, use The modeling software establishes the structure model of the bottom edge, and assumes that the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center during face milling of a conventional ball end mill is X, then under the same processing parameters, the finite element simulation is used to obtain the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center, and the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center is obtained. The law that the strain value changes with the gap depth h, determine the upper and lower boundary points where the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center corresponding to the gap depth h does not exceed 0.8X as the value range of the gap depth h; 空隙深度h的取值参数为中位值，空隙长度l的取值参数为其取值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间的多个点，基于空隙深度h和空隙长度l参数，使用建模软件，建立底刃结构模型，设常规球头立铣刀面铣时底刃中心最大应变值为X，则在相同加工参数下，采用有限元仿真得到底刃中心最大应变值，获得最大应变值随空隙长度l变化的规律，确定空隙长度l对应的底刃中心最大应变值不超过0.8X的上下边界点为空隙长度l取值范围；The value parameter of the gap depth h is the median value, and the value parameter of the gap length l is the two endpoints of the value range and multiple points between the two endpoints. Based on the parameters of the gap depth h and the gap length l, use The modeling software establishes the structure model of the bottom edge, and assumes that the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center during face milling of a conventional ball end mill is X, then under the same processing parameters, the finite element simulation is used to obtain the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center, and the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center is obtained. The law that the strain value changes with the gap length l, determine the upper and lower boundary points where the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center corresponding to the gap length l does not exceed 0.8X as the value range of the gap length l; 以上，通过有限元仿真初选空隙深度h和空隙长度l的最佳取值。Above, the optimal values of the void depth h and the void length l are preliminarily selected through finite element simulation. 5.根据权利要求4所述的多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，其特征在于：进一步的，在确定空隙深度h和空隙长度l取值范围时，所述空隙长度l取值50％A，空隙深度h的取值为30％A，40％A，50％A，60％A，70％A；在确定空隙长度l取值范围时，空隙深度h取值25A，空隙长度l的取值为5A，15A，25A，35A，45A。5. the manufacture method of multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 4, is characterized in that: further, when determining the value range of void depth h and void length l, described void length l takes value 50% A, the value of the void depth h is 30%A, 40%A, 50%A, 60%A, 70%A; when determining the value range of the void length l, the void depth h takes the value 25A, and the value of the void length l is 25A. The value is 5A, 15A, 25A, 35A, 45A. 6.根据权利要求4所述的多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，其特征在于：将底刃中心刃的形状设计为圆弧曲线形，圆弧曲线形主要通过圆弧曲线最大半径R和圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H来控制形状；其包括如下步骤：6. The manufacturing method of the multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 4, characterized in that: the shape of the bottom edge center edge is designed as an arc curve shape, and the arc curve shape mainly passes through the arc curve maximum radius R The shape is controlled by the vertical distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge; it includes the following steps: 初选最大半径R的取值范围为0.1mm≤R≤1.0mm，距离H的取值范围为10％w≤H≤50％w；w为齿隙宽度；The value range of the primary selection maximum radius R is 0.1mm≤R≤1.0mm, and the value range of the distance H is 10%w≤H≤50%w; w is the width of the backlash; 最大半径R的取值参数为中位值，距离H的取值参数为其取值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间的多个点，基于圆弧曲线最大半径R和圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H参数，使用建模软件，建立底刃结构模型，设常规球头立铣刀面铣时底刃中心最大应变值为X，则在相同加工参数下，采用有限元仿真得到底刃中心最大应变值，获得最大应变值随R变化的规律，确定圆弧曲线最大半径R对应的底刃中心最大应变值不超过0.8X的上下边界点为最大半径R的取值范围；The value parameter of the maximum radius R is the median value, and the value parameter of the distance H is the two endpoints of the value range and multiple points between the two endpoints, based on the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the arc curve. The H parameter of the vertical distance between the arc point and the center of the bottom edge. Use modeling software to establish the structure model of the bottom edge. Set the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge during face milling of a conventional ball end mill is X, then under the same processing parameters, The maximum strain value of the bottom edge center is obtained by finite element simulation, and the law of the maximum strain value changing with R is obtained. It is determined that the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center corresponding to the maximum radius R of the arc curve does not exceed 0.8X. The upper and lower boundary points are the maximum radius R Ranges; 距离H的取值参数为中位值，最大半径R的取值参数为其取值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间的多个点，基于圆弧曲线最大半径R和圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H参数，使用建模软件，建立底刃结构模型，设常规球头立铣刀面铣时底刃中心最大应变值为X，则在相同加工参数下，采用有限元仿真得到底刃中心最大应变值，获得最大应变值随R变化的规律，确定圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H对应的底刃中心最大应变值不超过0.8X的上下边界点为圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H的取值范围。The value parameter of the distance H is the median value, and the value parameter of the maximum radius R is the two endpoints of the value range and multiple points between the two endpoints, based on the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the arc curve. The H parameter of the vertical distance between the arc point and the center of the bottom edge. Use modeling software to establish the structure model of the bottom edge. Set the maximum strain value of the center of the bottom edge during face milling of a conventional ball end mill is X, then under the same processing parameters, The maximum strain value of the bottom edge center is obtained by finite element simulation, and the law of the maximum strain value changing with R is obtained. It is determined that the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center corresponding to the vertical distance H from the arc starting point to the bottom edge center does not exceed 0.8X The upper and lower boundary points of is the value range of the vertical distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge. 7.根据权利要求6所述的多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，其特征在于：进一步的，在确定最大半径R取值范围时，所述最大半径R取值0.5，距离H的取值为10％w，20％w，30％w，40％w，50％w；在确定圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H取值范围时，距离H取值10％A，最大半径R的取值为0.1，0.25，0.5，0.75，1.0。7. The manufacturing method of the multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 6, characterized in that: further, when determining the value range of the maximum radius R, the maximum radius R is 0.5, and the distance H is 0.5. The values are 10%w, 20%w, 30%w, 40%w, 50%w; when determining the value range of the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the arc curve and the center of the bottom edge, the distance H is 10% A, the maximum radius R is 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0. 8.一种多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，是采用Z字形开朕来作为底刃中心的中心结构，并且通过空隙深度h和空隙长度l这两个尺寸来控制Z字形底刃形状；其中，空隙深度h和空隙长度l是指底刃中心的中心结构对应于Z字形形成空隙的深度和长度；并且保证刀具底刃中心的齿隙宽度w不变，将多刃球头立铣刀底刃中心刃设计为圆弧曲线形，其圆弧曲线形是通过圆弧曲线最大半径R和圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H来控制形状。8. A method of making a multi-blade ball end mill is to use a zigzag opening as the center structure of the center of the bottom edge, and control the shape of the zigzag bottom edge through the two dimensions of the gap depth h and the gap length l ; Among them, the gap depth h and the gap length l refer to the depth and length of the gap formed by the center structure of the bottom edge corresponding to the zigzag shape; and to ensure that the gap width w at the center of the bottom edge of the tool remains unchanged, the multi-blade ball end milling The center edge of the bottom edge of the knife is designed as an arc curve, and the arc curve shape is controlled by the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the vertical distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge. 9.一种多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，其包括：9. A method for making a multi-blade ball end mill, comprising: ①采用正交试验方法，以空隙深度h、空隙长度l、圆弧曲线最大半径R和圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H为因子，将设定的因子分为5个水平，建立L16(45)正交表；①Using the orthogonal test method, the set factors are divided into 5 factors with the gap depth h, the gap length l, the maximum radius R of the arc curve and the vertical distance H between the arc starting point of the arc curve and the center of the bottom edge. Level, establish L16 (4 5 ) orthogonal table; ②根据上述得到的不同结构参数正交表，利用UG建模软件，建立多刃球头立铣刀底刃结构模型；②According to the orthogonal table of different structural parameters obtained above, use UG modeling software to establish the bottom edge structure model of the multi-blade ball end mill; ③将上述得到多刃球头立铣刀底刃结构模型导入有限元仿真软件，根据加工方式，建立刀具和工件的接触关系；设定切削工艺参数进行数值仿真，获得底刃中心最大应变值；③ Import the structure model of the bottom edge of the multi-blade ball end mill into the finite element simulation software, and establish the contact relationship between the tool and the workpiece according to the processing method; set the cutting process parameters for numerical simulation to obtain the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center; ④以底刃中心最大应变值为优化对象，对上述得到的底刃中心最大应变值结果进行极差和方差分析，得到不同因子对底刃中心最大应变值的影响规律和影响的显著程度；底刃中心最大应变值较小的多刃球头立铣刀底刃几何结构参数较优；(4) Taking the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center as the optimization object, the range and variance analysis were performed on the results of the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center obtained above, and the influence rules and significant degrees of the influence of different factors on the maximum strain value of the bottom edge center were obtained; The geometric parameters of the bottom edge of the multi-blade ball end mill with a smaller maximum strain value at the center of the edge are better; ⑤根据上述得到的h、l、R和H的优值组合，制造多刃球头铣刀，在相同加工参数下和常规同规格球头铣刀进行面铣实验，证明刀具设计有效性。⑤ According to the above obtained combination of the figure of merit of h, l, R and H, a multi-blade ball end milling cutter is manufactured, and the face milling experiment is carried out with the conventional ball end milling cutter of the same specification under the same processing parameters to prove the effectiveness of the tool design. 10.根据权利要求9所述的多刃球头立铣刀的制作方法，其特征在于：所述空隙深度h的取值范围为1％A≤h≤20％A，空隙长度l的取值范围为5A≤l≤35A；圆弧曲线最大半径R的取值范围为0.1mm≤R≤0.6mm，圆弧曲线起弧点距底刃中心竖直方向距离H的取值范围为10％w≤H≤40％w；其中，A为预置的多刃球头立铣刀的可加工精度值，w为齿隙宽度。10. The method for manufacturing a multi-blade ball end mill according to claim 9, wherein the value range of the void depth h is 1%A≤h≤20%A, and the value of the void length l The range is 5A≤l≤35A; the value range of the maximum radius R of the arc curve is 0.1mm≤R≤0.6mm, and the value range of the distance H from the arc starting point of the arc curve to the center of the bottom edge in the vertical direction is 10%w ≤H≤40%w; among them, A is the machinability value of the preset multi-blade ball end mill, and w is the width of the backlash.
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