CN115113338B - Coupler and grating layout method for holographic waveguide display - Google Patents
Coupler and grating layout method for holographic waveguide display Download PDFInfo
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- CN115113338B CN115113338B CN202210909110.4A CN202210909110A CN115113338B CN 115113338 B CN115113338 B CN 115113338B CN 202210909110 A CN202210909110 A CN 202210909110A CN 115113338 B CN115113338 B CN 115113338B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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Abstract
本发明提供一种耦合器及全息波导显示器的光栅布局方法，其中耦合器包括耦入光栅、转折光栅和耦出光栅，所述耦入光栅的光栅矢量、所述转折光栅的光栅矢量和所述耦出光栅的光栅矢量依次首尾连接形成等边三角形，采用本方案的耦合器能够缩短全息光栅的生产周期，提高全息光栅生产过程中的良产率。
The present invention provides a coupler and a grating layout method for a holographic waveguide display, wherein the coupler comprises an input grating, a turning grating and an output grating, wherein the grating vector of the input grating, the grating vector of the turning grating and the grating vector of the output grating are sequentially connected end to end to form an equilateral triangle, and the coupler using the scheme can shorten the production cycle of the holographic grating and improve the yield rate in the production process of the holographic grating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical instruments, in particular to a coupler and a grating layout method of a holographic waveguide display.
Background
The coupler of the waveguide display comprises three parts, namely a coupling-in coupler, a turning coupler and a coupling-out coupler, wherein the coupler adopts a holographic grating as an implementation device, and comprises a coupling-in grating, a turning grating and a coupling-out grating. For the grating, the exposure light path is adjusted to realize different grating periods, and the period modulation of the refractive index of the photosensitive recording medium is realized by changing the included angle of two beams of coherent light. Since the coupler is composed of three gratings, the coupler is prepared by adjusting the light path of three exposure times, which makes the period of production and preparation long, and the error caused by adjusting the light path of exposure also reduces the yield of holographic gratings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a holographic grating and a grating layout method of a holographic waveguide display, which can shorten the production period of the holographic grating and improve the yield in the production process of the holographic grating.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the invention provides a coupler, and in a second aspect, the invention provides a grating layout method of a holographic waveguide display.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the coupler comprises a coupling-in grating, a turning grating and a coupling-out grating, wherein the grating vector of the coupling-in grating, the grating vector of the turning grating and the grating vector of the coupling-out grating are sequentially connected end to form an equilateral triangle.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: coupler according to the scheme,,Sequentially connected end to form an equilateral triangle, namely,,The coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating have the same period, and the same set of exposure light path can realize exposure of the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating in the production process, so that the production period of the gratings is reduced, the exposure light path is not required to be regulated in the production process of manufacturing the coupler, errors caused by regulating the exposure light path are avoided, and the yield of coupler production is improved.The coupling-in grating horizontally translates a field angle rectangle positioned at the center of the frequency domain coordinate system into a circular ring, so that the total reflection condition of the waveguide is met, and the coupling-in grating is used for coupling an input light beam into a coupler in the spatial domain; representing that turning the grating in the frequency domain translates the right field angle rectangle to the bottom of the ring, in the spatial domain appears to propagate the beam obliquely downward to the out-coupling grating region; The coupling-out grating is shown translating the bottom field angle rectangle to the center of the frequency domain coordinate system, in the spatial domain, as coupling the beam out of the coupler.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the period of the in-coupling grating, the turning grating and the out-coupling grating is 460nm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the angle of view of the light beam incident on the coupling-in grating is equal to the angle of view of the light beam exiting the coupling-out grating.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a coordinate system is constructed with the center of the frequency domain, the grating vector of the coupling-in grating forms an angle of-130 degrees with the x-axis of the coordinate system, the grating vector of the turning grating forms an angle of 110 degrees with the x-axis, and the grating vector of the coupling-out grating forms an angle of-10 degrees with the x-axis.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the laser wavelength incident on the incoupling grating is 525nm.
A grating layout method of a holographic waveguide display according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention is applied to the holographic grating described in the first aspect, and includes:
S100, determining a grating vector of the coupled grating Grating vector of turning gratingAnd a grating vector coupling out the grating;
S200, setting the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating to enable,,And are connected end to end in turn to form an equilateral triangle.
The invention has the advantages that the coupler manufactured by the grating layout method of the holographic waveguide display of the scheme can be used,,The coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating have the same period, and the same set of exposure light path can realize exposure of the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating in the production process, so that the production period of the gratings is reduced, the exposure light path is not required to be regulated in the production process of manufacturing the coupler, errors caused by regulating the exposure light path are avoided, and the yield of coupler production is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step S100 comprises the following sub-steps:
S110, constructing a frequency domain, and representing the propagation direction of a light beam in a waveguide by using a wave vector;
S120, calculating a grating vector according to the wave vector.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the frequency domain is formed by constructing concentric circles with the frequency limitation of the ambient medium as an inner circle and the frequency limitation of the waveguide medium as an outer circle.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the radius k 0 of the inner circle is:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the ambient medium.
The radius k 1 of the outer circle is as follows:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the waveguide medium.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S120, the raster vectorCalculated according to the following formula:
;
Wherein m is the diffraction order of the grating, Is the wave vector difference.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art coupler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular transformation of field angle in the frequency domain of the coupler of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular transformation of field angle in the frequency domain of the coupler of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coupler made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of grating layout for a holographic waveguide display of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of determining a grating vector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein reference numerals include:
The laser light source comprises a coupling-in grating 1, a turning grating 2, a coupling-out grating 3, a laser light source 4, a collimation system 5, a reflecting mirror 6, a prism 7, a coupler 8 and a half-mirror 9.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
In a first aspect the invention proposes a coupler 8 and in a second aspect the invention proposes a method of grating layout for a holographic waveguide display.
The coupler 8 according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3, and the grating vector of the coupling-in grating 1, the grating vector of the turning grating 2 and the grating vector of the coupling-out grating 3 are sequentially connected end to form an equilateral triangle. The coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 are all holographic gratings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art holographic grating, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of rectangular transformation of field angle in the frequency domain of the holographic grating in fig. 1. Wherein, Is a grating vector coupled into the grating 1,A grating vector which is a turning grating 2,For coupling out the grating vector of grating 3, k x、ky represents the x-axis, the y-axis.
From analysis, the coupler 8 of the prior art,,The dimensions are different, resulting in different periods of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 of the coupler 8. The preparation process of the grating is to realize the periodic modulation of the refractive index of the photosensitive recording medium by changing the included angle of two beams of coherent light, thereby realizing the exposure of the grating. The periods of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 are different, so that the coupling-in grating is required to be exposed three times in the process of manufacturing the coupler 8, the production period of the grating is prolonged, errors are easy to generate in the process of adjusting the exposure light path, and the yield of the finally produced product is affected.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, where k x、ky represents the x-axis, the y-axis. The coupler 8 of the present embodiment,,Sequentially connected end to form an equilateral triangle, namely,,The coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 have the same period, and the same set of exposure light paths can realize exposure of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 in the production process, so that the production period of the gratings is reduced, the exposure light paths are not required to be regulated in the production process of the coupler 8, errors caused by regulating the exposure light paths are avoided, and the yield of the coupler 8 is improved.
,,The functions of the coupler 8 are realized by connecting the head and the tail in turn. As shown in fig. 4, the incoupling grating 1 translates the rectangular angle of view at the center of the frequency domain coordinate system horizontally into the circle, thus satisfying the total reflection condition of the waveguide, in the spatial domain, as coupling the input beam into the coupler 8, and in the frequency domain, turning the grating 2 translates the rectangular angle of view on the right side to the bottom of the circle, in the spatial domain, as propagating the beam obliquely downward to the coupling-out grating 3 region. The outcoupling grating 3 translates the bottom field angle rectangle to the center of the frequency domain coordinate system, in the spatial domain, as it appears to couple the beam out of the coupler 8.
It should be noted that the number of the components,,,The connection from head to tail in turn meansTail partA header connection; tail part A header connection; tail part And (5) connecting the header.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the angle of view of the light beam incident on the coupling-in grating 1 is equal to the angle of view of the light beam leaving the coupling-out grating 3.
The image information is projected to the human eye while maintaining the angle of view of the output beam and the angle of the input beam to be the same.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the period of the in-coupling grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the out-coupling grating 3 is 460nm.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a coordinate system is constructed with the center of the frequency domain, the grating vector coupled into the grating 1 forms an angle of-130 ° with the x-axis of the coordinate system, the grating vector of the turning grating 2 forms an angle of 110 ° with the x-axis, and the grating vector coupled out of the grating 3 forms an angle of-10 ° with the x-axis.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the laser wavelength of the incident incoupling grating 1 is 525nm.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, k x represents the x-axis, k y represents the y-axis, the refractive index of the waveguide dielectric material is 1.51, the thickness is 1.1mm, the period of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 is 460nm, wherein the grating vector direction of the coupling-in grating 1 forms an angle of-130 degrees with the x-axis, the grating vector of the turning grating 2 forms an angle of 110 degrees with the x-axis, and the grating vector of the coupling-out grating 3 forms an angle of-10 degrees with the x-axis.
The light source with the wavelength of 525nm is incident to the coupling grating 1, and the light beam enters the coupler 8 through diffraction of the coupling grating 1, is totally reflected and propagates towards the turning grating 2. In the region of the turning grating 2, a part of the light beam is diffracted by the turning grating 2 and propagates toward the coupling-out grating 3 in a changed direction, and the other part of the light beam continues to travel in the original direction so as to perform one-dimensional pupil expansion. The beam after pupil expansion does not leave the area of the turning grating 2, but is still diffracted by the turning grating 2 and redirected towards the outcoupling grating 3. In the area of the coupling-out grating 3, a part of the beam after pupil expansion is diffracted by the coupling-out grating 3 and leaves the coupler 8, the same angle of view as the incident is restored, and the other part of the beam continues to travel along the original direction so as to perform one-dimensional pupil expansion. The beam after pupil expansion does not leave the area of the outcoupling grating 3, but is still diffracted by the outcoupling grating 3 and leaves the coupler 8, restoring the same field angle as at incidence. Thus, by turning the grating 2 and the out-coupling grating 3, the coupler 8 can realize a two-dimensional pupil expansion function, and the eye movement range of the projected image is increased. The coupler 8 is capable of achieving a total field of view of 18 deg. x 23.5 deg..
It should be noted that the wavelength of the laser incident on the coupling-in grating 1 may be other wavelengths, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention, the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2, and the coupling-out grating 3 may be other positions, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and the period of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2, and the coupling-out grating 3 may be other.
As shown in fig. 5, a part of the laser emitted by the laser source 4 passes through the collimating system 5, then passes through the half mirror 9, reflects through the reflecting mirror 6, and then passes through the prism 7 to expose the coupling grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling grating 3 on the coupler 8, and the other part of the laser is reflected by the half mirror 9, reflects through the reflecting mirror 6, and then exposes the coupling grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling grating 3 on the coupler 8.
A grating layout method of a holographic waveguide display according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, is applied to the holographic grating of the first aspect, and includes:
S100, determining a grating vector coupled into the grating 1 Grating vector of turning grating 2And a grating vector coupling out the grating 3;
S200, arranging a coupling-in grating 1, a turning grating 2 and a coupling-out grating 3 to enable,,And are connected end to end in turn to form an equilateral triangle.
S100, determining a grating vector coupled into the grating 1Grating vector of turning grating 2And a grating vector coupling out the grating 3。
Determination of,,The positions of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 are conveniently laid out in the subsequent steps.
S200, arranging a coupling-in grating 1, a turning grating 2 and a coupling-out grating 3 to enable,,And are connected end to end in turn to form an equilateral triangle.
According to S100,,The coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 are arranged to enable,,And are connected end to end in turn to form an equilateral triangle.
Coupler 8 manufactured using the grating layout method of the holographic waveguide display of this embodiment,,The coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 have the same period, and the same set of exposure light paths can realize exposure of the coupling-in grating 1, the turning grating 2 and the coupling-out grating 3 in the production process, so that the production period of the gratings is reduced, the exposure light paths are not required to be regulated in the production process of the coupler 8, errors caused by regulating the exposure light paths are avoided, and the yield of the coupler 8 is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, S100 comprises the following sub-steps as shown in fig. 7:
S110, constructing a frequency domain, and representing the propagation direction of a light beam in a waveguide by using a wave vector;
S120, calculating a grating vector according to the wave vector.
S110, constructing a frequency domain, and representing the propagation direction of the light beam in the waveguide by using a wave vector.
In the frequency domain, the propagation of the light beam in the waveguide can be represented by wave vectors, so that the light beam can be expressed by constructing the frequency domain with wave vectors.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the frequency domain is formed by constructing concentric circles with the frequency limitation of the ambient medium as an inner circle and the frequency limitation of the waveguide medium as an outer circle.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the radius k 0 of the inner circle is:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the ambient medium.
The radius k 1 of the outer circle is:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the waveguide medium.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in S120, the raster vectorCalculated according to the following formula:
;
Wherein m is the diffraction order of the grating, Is the wave vector difference.
And after constructing the frequency domain, calculating a grating vector according to the wave vector difference.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any of various other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The coupler is characterized by comprising a coupling-in grating, a turning grating and a coupling-out grating, wherein the grating vector of the coupling-in grating, the grating vector of the turning grating and the grating vector of the coupling-out grating are sequentially connected end to form an equilateral triangle, and the same set of exposure light paths are used for realizing exposure of the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating;
The angle of view of the light beam entering the coupling-in grating is equal to the angle of view of the light beam leaving the coupling-out grating, and the periods of the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating are all 460nm.
2. The coupler of claim 1, wherein a coordinate system is constructed with a center of a frequency domain, a grating vector of the coupling-in grating is at an angle of-130 ° to an x-axis of the coordinate system, a grating vector of the turning grating is at an angle of 110 ° to the x-axis, and a grating vector of the coupling-out grating is at an angle of-10 ° to the x-axis.
3. The coupler of claim 2, wherein the laser wavelength incident on the incoupling grating is 525nm.
4. A method of grating layout for a holographic waveguide display, applied to the coupler of claim 1, comprising:
S100, determining a grating vector of the coupled grating Grating vector of turning gratingAnd a grating vector coupling out the grating;
S200, setting the coupling-in grating, the turning grating and the coupling-out grating to enable,,And are connected end to end in turn to form an equilateral triangle.
5. The method of grating layout of a holographic waveguide display of claim 4, in which S100 comprises the sub-steps of:
S110, constructing a frequency domain, and representing the propagation direction of a light beam in a waveguide by using a wave vector;
S120, calculating a grating vector according to the wave vector.
6. The method of grating layout of a holographic waveguide display of claim 5, in which S110 comprises:
The frequency domain is formed by constructing concentric circles with the frequency limit of the ambient medium as an inner circle and the frequency limit of the waveguide medium as an outer circle.
7. The method of grating layout for a holographic waveguide display of claim 6, wherein the radius k 0 of the inner circle is:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the ambient medium, λ is the wavelength;
The radius k 1 of the outer circle is as follows:
;
Wherein, Is the refractive index of the waveguide medium.
8. The method of grating layout for a holographic waveguide display of claim 5, in which in said S120, a grating vector is providedCalculated according to the following formula:
;
Wherein m is the diffraction order of the grating, Is the wave vector difference.
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