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CN1150763A - 空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法及空心纤维组件的空心纤维段 - Google Patents

空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法及空心纤维组件的空心纤维段 Download PDF

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CN1150763A
CN1150763A CN94195120A CN94195120A CN1150763A CN 1150763 A CN1150763 A CN 1150763A CN 94195120 A CN94195120 A CN 94195120A CN 94195120 A CN94195120 A CN 94195120A CN 1150763 A CN1150763 A CN 1150763A
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S·A·格勒弗
K·S·彼泽森
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Union Construction AS
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Priority to US08/737,407 priority Critical patent/US5840230A/en
Priority to EP94917575A priority patent/EP0771233B1/en
Priority to AU69248/94A priority patent/AU683470B2/en
Priority to CZ963501A priority patent/CZ285477B6/cs
Priority to JP8500180A priority patent/JPH10500624A/ja
Priority to HU9603091A priority patent/HU219067B/hu
Priority to PCT/DK1994/000214 priority patent/WO1995033548A1/en
Priority to DE69420867T priority patent/DE69420867T2/de
Priority to SK1534-96A priority patent/SK153496A3/sk
Priority to BR9408589A priority patent/BR9408589A/pt
Priority to CN94195120A priority patent/CN1150763A/zh
Priority to PL94317353A priority patent/PL175546B1/pl
Priority to RU97100145A priority patent/RU2130333C1/ru
Priority to FI964768A priority patent/FI964768A0/fi
Priority to NZ267068A priority patent/NZ267068A/en
Priority to LVP-96-425A priority patent/LV11671B/en
Priority to OA60931A priority patent/OA10386A/en
Priority to NO965118A priority patent/NO965118D0/no
Priority to BG101037A priority patent/BG62357B1/bg
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Abstract

空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法，其特征为：用一浇注基体，它包括水平多孔板(3)，其中有按预定构型设置的若干孔(2)，有连续的空心纤维(1)穿过这些列孔，此方法包括a)浇铸可硬化的浇铸物质来形成整体板(4)；b)将埋置连续空心纤维的管板沿垂直方向提升至距多孔板达所需的距离；c)沿水平面切开此管板，暴露出空心纤维端部；d)重复步骤a、b与c形成空心纤维段(5)。

Description

空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法 及空心纤维组件的空心纤维段
本发明涉及空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法以及此空心纤维组件的空心纤维段。
空心纤维组件用于交换作业、分离作业与混合作业。在交换作业中，涉及的问题是热交换与质量交换。在热交换中。热在不同温度的两种流体间交换，使低温的流体获得比起始温度较高的温度。在质量交换中，具体是指离子交换膜法或简称膜法，类似透析(例如人工肾)、直接渗透、气体-气体交换与气体-流体交换(例如氧发生器)。在分离作业中，特别感兴趣的是超滤、逆渗透与气体渗透。在混合作业中，例如是指通过混合水蒸汽使空气增湿和/或调节。
在本说明书与权利要求书中，“空心纤维段”一词是指空心纤维组件的这样一个部分，它所包括的空心纤维例如是在设有用来使围绕纤维流动的流体停留于该组件内的塞状装置的端部。
上述“流体”一词是指具有足以流过空心纤维组件的流动性质的各种液体或气体物料。其中的液体也指溶液与固体悬浮物。
GB-A-2091125专利中公开了一种空心纤维段的制法，其中的各个空心纤维借助至少两块多孔板排成预定的构型，这些空心纤维即通过多孔板上的孔导引。多孔板保留于组件中，空心纤维并不与多孔板连接，在切断空心纤维之前不沿空心纤维周围进行浇铸。
日本专利公报62-160108号涉及将空心纤维束嵌入树脂，而后切断此纤维束的夹定部分。该专利未涉及相互排列的空心纤维的导向，因此这些纤维相互间的排列是随机的，它们实际上是相互贴近的。
瑞典公开专利说明书397638号公开了一种用于制造分馏设备的工艺方法，在该工艺中，用塞充导管的方法将纤维配置在芯体内的一根或多根导管中；在芯体的两端将这些纤维粘合，硬化的胶在芯体各端形成端壁；这些纤维在芯体的两端被切断，并在切断这些纤维之前或之后，形成至少是围绕上述一根或多根导管的外套。该专利也未涉及到各空心纤维间相关位置的导向，而且这些纤维相互之间作实质性的接触。
上述先有技术空心纤维的缺点主要在于难以用简单的方法进行大规模生产，也就是说难以用尽可能少的几个工艺步骤而各个步骤又能以简单方式进行来实现大规模生产，这类缺点还在于纤维间的相互排列未受控制。
本发明的目的在于提供空心纤维组件用空心纤维段的制造方法，这种方法能以简单的方式自动化，以便由连续的生产过程来制造空心纤维段。本发明的另一个目的则在于提供这样一种方法，其中能对各纤维的相互位置加以控制，使得各个纤维相对于最邻近的空心纤维有一预定位置。
意外的结果是，上述两个目的可以由这样一种制造空心纤维组件的方法解决，该方法的特征是，在由水平多孔板组成的浇铸模型中，设有按预定构型排列的一批孔，同时通过这些孔输送连续的空心纤维，此方法包括下述步骤：
a)浇铸可硬化的浇铸物质来形成整体管板，
b)将埋置有连续空心纤维的管板沿垂直方向提升至离多孔板达所需的距离；
c)沿水平面切开此管板，暴露出空心纤维端部；
d)重复步骤a、b与c，形成空心纤维段。
本发明还涉及空心纤维组件用的空心纤维段，此空心纤维段包括平行定向的空心纤维，这些空心纤维在端部处嵌入管板中，使空心纤维端部暴露出，此空心纤维段的特征在于空心纤维是按预定构型排列的。
用于本发明上述方法的多孔板中的孔排列成预定的构型。这种构型可视空心纤维组件的使用目的与结构确定。这些孔最好构成这样的构型，使得最邻近的孔之间间隔的距离基本恒定。这些孔之间的距离从孔的周边到周边计，相当于孔的半径的0.1-100倍，而最好是孔的半径的1/2-2倍。
以少量的纤维穿过各个孔，例如每个孔不到10根纤维，而最好是每个孔中有1根空心纤维。
这些空心纤维可采用符合成品空心纤维组件使用目的的任何合适材料。用于热交换时(在热交换器中)，相应材料例如可以是金属、玻璃或某些具有良好导热性的材料。用于透析、超滤、反渗透与气体分离时，此种纤维可以由聚合物材料(例如乙酸纤维素、聚砜、聚酰胺等)与陶瓷材料构成。用于这种空心纤维的材料可以取多孔的或无孔的结构，但在质量交换中，则必须采用多孔结构的材料。
所用的浇铸基体除水平多孔板外，还包括一个布置成沿多孔板周围密配合的肩状件。肩状件是用来防止浇注基体中的浇注物质流出基体之外，肩状件的高度因此至少应相当于所形成的管板的厚度。
此浇铸基体的形状可取任何适合空心纤维段应用目的的形状，这种形状例如为圆形、椭圆形，或是多边形或任何其它适当的几何形状。
所用的可硬化浇铸物质可以任何适当的方式供给浇铸基体，但最好是通过多孔板的入口供给浇注基体。为便于浇铸物质与浇铸基体相分开，必要时，例如也可通过适当方式将脱模剂涂布于多孔板中。
所用的浇铸物质可以是任何类型能硬化的物质，例如可以是熔融态的金属或某种可硬化的聚合物材料。
重要的是在把纤维埋置入管板中时不要损伤纤维，为此务必小心在加工过程中防止浇铸物质例如以熔化或溶解方式损坏纤维。
上述的整体管板通常是沿水平方向按管板厚度的一半切开而成。可以用任何适当的方式来进行这种切割作业，例如用锯或热的金属丝，或者可以用斧状工具砍开管板。在切开管板时，要紧的是使基本上所有的空心纤维端暴露，让流体能畅通无阻地通过纤维。
当空心纤维是由弹性材料制造时，在制造过程中最好给空心纤维段提供支承装置来提高其机械强度。这类支承装置例如可以是与管板连接的贯穿式刚性条。
在制造本发明的空心纤维段时，要在浇铸过程中使纤维保持平直，让各个纤维的长度基本相同，借此避免纤维之间有紧密的实际接触。这样做的优点是，由于在纤维作实际接触的区域内，围绕纤维流动的流体与在纤维内流动的流体之间是不会有显著的质量传递或热传输的。本发明的防止空心纤维段中的纤维间作实际接触的目的在于，当使用包含有这种空心纤维段的成品组件时，可以在与这种纤维有关的预定方向上能实现基本上无阻碍的流动。这种在预定方向上的无阻碍的流动意味着可在质量交换组件中能使所有的膜发挥其最佳效益。
因此，本发明的方法的优点是，可以这样地来生产空心纤维，使给定纤维与其最邻近的各纤维间的距离基本恒定，这样就能相对于所有纤维在预定方向上使流动基本均匀，从而能均匀地处理通过不同纤维的流体流，并能最佳地利用质量交换组件中所用的整个薄膜区。可以在热交换中得到与上述相同的结论，这是因为在待加热的流体与待冷却的流体之间的整个接触区域得到了最好的利用。
应该注意到，在有需要时，浇铸作业可以与事先形成的管板的切开作业同时进行，或是可以在切开先前形成的管板之前来浇注新的管板。
用本发明方法制成的空心纤维段设有一密配合于所形成之切开的管板周边上的外套，此外套上设有流体入口装置与出口装置。外套的两端分别设有这种流体入口装置与出口装置的端件。为使外套能牢靠地配合于管板之上，可能需用软钎焊、焊接或使用粘结剂将外套固定于管板。
在有需要时，可作为在空心纤维组件的连续制造过程中的一个部分，使外套固定于管板。在对管板进行切割之后，可把空心纤维段引入一筒形件中，此筒形件的间隙与管板相应，而其长度与空心纤维的长度相当，然后可经软钎焊、焊接或粘结剂等将管板紧固到筒形件上。
最好是使空心纤维组件设有内部流动变换装置，用来控制在纤维周围流动的流体以获得所需的流动型式。
上述流动方式改变装置可以按任何所需方式设置，例如，
A)将多孔板分成几个区段，这些个区段可沿垂直方向作相对位移，以使浇铸板获得所需的形状，同时使管板与流动变换装置能沿纤维周围浇注。当在部分浇注基体中进行浇注时，会受到前述肩状件部分的限制，其中多孔板的一段或几段相对于其余各段降低，这是由于未降低的多孔板段相对于已降低的多孔板段在垂向上的限制以及由于空心纤维所致。当浇注物质硬化，即将流动变换装置向上提升一预定距离，这样就能改变多孔板段的型式，形成新的浇铸基体，在其中进行更新的浇铸作业。在浇注出所需个数的流动变换装置后，即可浇注完整的管板。
B)在多孔板中设置可移动的或可插入的肩状件，以形成限制性区域，而可以在其中进行个别浇铸。当制成的铸件提升到至少相当于此铸件的高度，并且将可位移的肩状件降低而其余的肩状件提升时，可进行新的浇注，而形成一流动变换装置，此装置具有一个与管板一部分相对应的延伸部。
C)在管板仍为液态形式的情况下将一刚性板嵌入此管板中。
下面详细参看附图解释本发明。
图1是经浇注有管板的浇注基体的剖面图；
图2表示将管板从多孔板上提升至所需距离后的情形；
图3表示将管板切成两段的情形，
图4是成品空心纤维段的侧向剖面图；而
图5是成品空心纤维段的顶视图。
图1所示的无端空心纤维1穿过水平多孔板3上的一列孔2。围绕此多孔板安装有一肩状件6，所述肩状件具有相对于多孔板向上延伸的边缘。多孔板3与肩状件6共同构成浇铸基体。将可硬化的浇铸物质引入到浇铸基体内。已硬化的浇注物质便构成了封装纤维的管板4。上述浇铸物质是经其入口的未示明的装置引入到浇注基体的。
在图2中，埋置无端空心纤维的管板已借助未于图中示明的装置从多孔板上垂直提升了一所需距离，该装置是通过牵引纤维或管板来实现所需的提升的。
在图3中，管板已沿水平方向切断而形成了两个横断的管板4a，由此也将纤维端部暴露。重复图1所示的浇注过程、图2所示的提升作业以及图3所示的切割工序，便形成了图4与图5所示的纤维段5。图4是此纤维段的侧向剖面图，图5是此纤维段的顶视图。
图5所示的空心纤维段中有七根纤维，它们布置成使各个纤维至其最邻近的纤维均有基本上恒定的距离。显然本发明可用于任意个纤维和纤维间相互任意定位的啮合。
当有需要时，可把若干个空心纤维段放到一起并由一共用的外套包围，而形成包括有若干空心纤维段的成品组件。
本发明的工艺方法可以用简单的方式实现自动化。所述空心纤维段能用几道简便的工序快速和高效地制成，而不需任何耗时的作业。

Claims (10)

1.空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制造方法，其特征在于：浇注基体包括一水平多孔板(3)，其中若干孔按预定构型排列，连续的空心纤维(1)穿过这些孔，该方法包括下列步骤：
a)浇铸可硬化的浇铸物质用来形成整体管板(4)；
b)将埋置连续空心纤维的管板沿垂直方向提升至离多孔板一所需的距离；
c)沿水平面切开此管板，暴露出空心纤维端部；
d)重复步骤a、b与c，形成空心纤维段(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述各孔按这样的构型设置，使每个孔离其最邻近孔的间距基本恒定。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述各孔之间的间距从周边到周边计，相当于孔的半径的0.1-100倍，而最好是孔的半径的1/2-2倍。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述浇铸基体是由前述水平多孔板以及一围绕此多孔板的肩状件(6)构成，此肩状件的边缘相对于多孔板朝上延伸。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多孔板设有用来供给脱模剂与浇铸物质的装置。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述管板中设有流动变换装置。
7.由权利要求1所述的方法制造的空心纤维组件的空心纤维段，所述纤维段包括平行定向的空心纤维(1)，它们的端部埋置在管板(4)中使空心纤维的端部暴露，其特征在于，这些空心纤维是依预定的构型排列。
8.如权利要求7所述的空心纤维组件的空心纤维段，其特征在于，各空心纤维相对其最邻近的空心纤维的间距基本恒定。
9.如权利要求7所述的空心纤维组件的空心纤维段，其特征在于，所述空心纤维是金属、玻璃、陶瓷或聚合物材料制成，具有多孔性结构或呈无孔性结构。
10.如权利要求7所述的空心纤维组件的空心纤维段，其特征在于，所述空心纤维段设有与管板(4a)连接的贯穿式刚性杆，用以提高空心纤维段的机械强度。
CN94195120A 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 空心纤维组件的空心纤维段的制法及空心纤维组件的空心纤维段 Pending CN1150763A (zh)

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US08/737,407 US5840230A (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
EP94917575A EP0771233B1 (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules
AU69248/94A AU683470B2 (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
CZ963501A CZ285477B6 (cs) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Způsob výroby dutých, vláknitých úseků pro duté, vláknité moduly a dutý, vláknitý úsek pro dutý, vláknitý modul
JP8500180A JPH10500624A (ja) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 中空繊維モジュール用中空繊維セクションの製造法および前記の中空繊維モジュール用中空繊維セクション
HU9603091A HU219067B (hu) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Eljárás üreges szálakat tartalmazó egység gyártására, valamint ilyen üreges szálakat tartalmazó egység szálmodulokhoz
PCT/DK1994/000214 WO1995033548A1 (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
DE69420867T DE69420867T2 (de) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Verfahren zur herstellung von hohlfaserteilen für hohlfasermodule
SK1534-96A SK153496A3 (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
BR9408589A BR9408589A (pt) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Processo para preparar seções de fibra oca para m dulos de fibra oca e a seção de fibra oca para um módulo de fibra oca
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PL94317353A PL175546B1 (pl) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Sposób wytwarzania sekcji włókien pustych do modułów włókien pustych
RU97100145A RU2130333C1 (ru) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Способ изготовления секций с полыми волокнами для модулей с полыми волокнами
FI964768A FI964768A0 (fi) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Menetelmä onttoja kuituja käsittävien kappaleiden valmistamiseksi onttokuitumoduleja varten ja tällainen onttomodulia varten tarkoitettu onttoja kuituja käsittävä kappale
NZ267068A NZ267068A (en) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Module including parallel hollow fibres embedded in tube plate leaving exposed ends and method of making
LVP-96-425A LV11671B (en) 1994-06-02 1996-11-08 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
OA60931A OA10386A (en) 1994-06-02 1996-11-29 Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre modules
NO965118A NO965118D0 (no) 1994-06-02 1996-11-29 Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av hulfiberseksjoner for hulfibermoduler, og en hulfiberseksjon for en hulfibermodul
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BR9408589A BR9408589A (pt) 1994-06-02 1994-06-02 Processo para preparar seções de fibra oca para m dulos de fibra oca e a seção de fibra oca para um módulo de fibra oca
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