CN115057856B - 3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及3,5‑二取代‑7氮杂吲哚衍生物及其合成方法与应用。该3,5‑二取代‑7氮杂吲哚衍生物具有GPX抑制活性,且表现出良好的成药潜力,有望用于制备治疗/预防与GPX4相关的疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,尤其涉及3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物及其合成方法与应用。
背景技术
铁死亡是2012年首次发现并命名的一种新型的细胞死亡方式,其在形态、生物学特征和调控机制上与凋亡、坏死、自噬及焦亡等细胞死亡方式有显著不同。铁死亡是在二价铁的催化下,细胞膜上的多不饱和脂肪酸发生脂质过氧化,导致膜破裂而触发细胞死亡。铁死亡在肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和神经退行性疾病的发生、发展和治疗过程中都发挥着重要的作用。
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)可将脂质过氧化物还原成无毒的水或醇,保护细胞免受脂质过氧化的损伤。现有研究表明GPX4在细胞铁死亡过程中起着关键的调控作用,抑制其活性将促进肿瘤细胞的死亡。通过采用GPX4的抑制剂诱导铁死亡,对于那些已对化疗药物产生耐药的肿瘤的治疗具有重大意义和良好的应用前景。
然而,包括RSL3在内的现有GPX4抑制剂大多是通过活化的烷基氯化物与其催化性硒代半胱氨酸残基形成共价键来抑制GPX4活性,缺乏成药性要求的稳定性和选择性,药代动力学特性较差,只能作为工具化合物在体外使用(参考文献:Eaton,J.K.,et al.,Naturechemical biology,2020.16(5):p.497-506.)。另一方面GPX4也具有重要生理活性,一个安全有效的治疗窗口也是开发GPX4抑制剂药物的难点。因此,开发成药性能更好的新型GPX4抑制剂对肿瘤治疗具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物及其合成方法与应用。该3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物具有GPX抑制活性,且表现出良好的成药潜力,有望用于开发得到新型抗肿瘤药物。
本发明提供了一种3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物的结构式为:
其中,当R为叔丁氧羰基时,所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物的编号为DA-5;
当R为氢原子时,所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物的编号为DA-6。
具体的,DA-5和DA-6的结构式如下所示:
本发明还提供了上述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的合成方法,制备所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物的反应路线为:
将5-溴-7氮杂吲哚与草酰氯傅克酰基化得到中间体(1);中间体(1)再与2-(2-吡啶基)乙胺缩合得到中间体(2);中间体(2)通过Suzuki偶联反应得到DA-5;将DA-5进行脱Boc反应得到DA-6;
本发明还提供了上述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备以下任一种产品中的应用:
a.治疗/预防与GPX4相关的疾病的药物;
b.抑制GPX酶活的产品;
c.诱导细胞铁死亡的产品;
d.调节细胞脂质过氧化程度的产品。
优选地,所述与GPX4相关的疾病包括有肿瘤。
更优选地,所述肿瘤的种类包括乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、胶质母细胞瘤。
进一步更优选地,所述肿瘤为乳腺癌。
本发明还提供了一种抗肿瘤药物,包括3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药物上可接受的盐。
优选地,所述抗肿瘤药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
更优选地,所述药学上可接受的辅料为溶剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、赋形剂、悬浮剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂或稀释剂中的至少一种。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明所提出的3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物(DA-5和DA-6)具有与现有GPX4抑制剂完全不同的化学结构,但同样体现出良好的GPX4活性抑制效果。该3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物在体外对多种肿瘤细胞具有杀伤作用,在动物模型上体现出抗肿瘤活性,同时不会对动物的健康状况产生明显不利影响,显示了其具有不同于现有GPX4抑制剂的良好成药性。
附图说明
图1为细胞水平GPX4酶活性抑制实验结果;
图2为DA-5和DA-6体外GPX4酶抑制活性结果;
图3为DA-5在不同剂量下对GPX4的抑制效果;
图4为DA-5对多种乳腺癌细胞的生长抑制效果;
图5为脂质过氧化清除剂Fer-1和Lip-1对DA-5的缓解效果;
图6为Fer-1对DA-5所诱导的细胞铁死亡的营救效果;
图7为流式细胞分析检测DA-5对细胞凋亡的影响;
图8为小鼠口服DA-5后的药代动力学结果;
图9为DA-5对MDA-MB-231异种移植瘤的生长抑制结果。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本发明所述技术方案,现列举以下实施例进行说明。需要指出的是,以下实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,对本发明要求的保护范围不构成限制作用,任何未违背本发明的精神实质和原理下所做出的修改、替代、组合,均包含在本发明的保护范围内。
以下实施例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明,均可从常规商业途径得到,或者可以通过现有已知方法得到。
实施例1:3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物(DA-5)和(DA-6)的化学合成路线
将5-溴-7氮杂吲哚与草酰氯傅克酰基化得到中间体(1);中间体(1)再与2-(2-吡啶基)乙胺缩合得到中间体(2);中间体(2)通过Suzuki偶联反应得到DA-5;将DA-5进行脱Boc反应得到DA-6;具体反应路线如下:
其中各反应条件及参数为:a.乙醚,0℃,3h;b.K2CO3,甲苯,回流3h;c.Pd(dppf)Cl2(二氯[1,1'-二(二苯基膦)二茂铁]钯),K2CO3,H2O/DME,90℃;d&e.CH2Cl2,rt.
实施例2:3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物(DA-5)和(DA-6)的结构
DA-5和DA-6的化学结构式、质谱和核磁数据如表1所示:
表1
实施例3:细胞水平GPX4酶活性抑制实验
收集5×105个乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,加入1mL样品Buffer(Beyotime,S0056),用玻璃匀浆器于冰浴进行匀浆。各取10μL匀浆液,分别用1μL DMSO(VEH组),1μL DA-5(DA-5组,5mM),1μL RSL3(RSL组(一种已知的GPX4抑制剂),CAS No.:1219810-16-8,10mM)处理1h后,用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶测定试剂盒(NADPH法)检测GPX4活性(Beyotime,S0056),检测结果如图1所示。
由图1可知,本发明中的3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物DA-5具有良好的GPX4活性抑制效果。
实施例4:DA-5和DA-6体外GPX4酶抑制活性研究
本实施例利用GPX酶活性测试试剂盒,测试了DA-5和DA-6对纯化的GPX4酶活性抑制能力,测试方法如下:取纯化的GPX4蛋白10μM分成四组,分别加入RSL3,DA-5,DA-6各10μM,控制各组DMSO含量一致且小于1%,根据试剂盒说明书,测试各组GPX4酶活力,测试结果如图2所示。由图2可知,DA-5和DA-6对GPX4的酶抑制效果均优于已知的GPX4抑制剂-RSL3。
另外,测试DA-5在不同剂量下(30,20,13.3,8.89,5.93,3.95,2.63μM)对GPX4(GPX4蛋白10μM)的抑制效果,并计算DA-5对GPX4酶活性抑制的IC50值,测试结果如图3所示。图3结果显示,DA-5对GPX4的酶活性抑制IC50=10.90μM,说明DA-5对GPX4的抑制效果显著。
实施例5:DA-5体外抗肿瘤活性研究
用磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)比色法测试DA-5在作用48小时后,对多种乳腺癌细胞(Sk-Br-3、BT549、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-231、4T1)增殖的抑制活性,测试结果如图4所示。由图4可以看到,DA-5可以显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,其抑制效果随着剂量的增加而增强,呈现剂量依赖性的特点。
实施例6:DA-5诱导细胞铁死亡
用DA-5(5μM)处理乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231 24小时,C11-BODIPY染色,流式细胞仪分析。由图5可知,DA-5显著增加脂质过氧化程度,脂质过氧化清除剂Fer-1(5μM)和Lip-1(5μM)可以缓解其作用。由图6可知,SRB实验显示这种死亡可以被铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1(5μM)营救。由图7可知,用PI+Annexin V双染,经流式细胞分析,未见早期凋亡细胞(PI-,Annexin V+)明显增加,排除DA-5引起细胞凋亡的可能,而且脂质过氧化清除试剂Lip-1(5μM)能明显减少DA-5诱导的细胞死亡比例。以上结果表明DA-5诱导了细胞的铁死亡。
实施例7:DA-5小鼠口服药代动力学研究
取KM雌性小鼠33只,以30mg/kg(参照药效剂量)的剂量给药DA-5,禁食但可自由饮水12小时后,灌胃给药,于0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12和24h摘取眼球,采血于肝素处理的试管中,每个时间点3只小鼠。离心分取血浆,用四倍体积的有机溶剂(甲醇:乙腈=1:1)处理血浆,离心,收集上清,有机溶剂定量稀释后,用事先建立好的小鼠血浆中DA-5测定的LC-MS/MS测定方法检测,通过测定单剂量灌胃30mg/kg DA-5后血浆中DA-5浓度-时间数据,并进行分析,结果如图8和表2所示。检测结果说明DA-5小鼠口服给药具有较理想的生物利用度,具备较理想的成药潜质。
表2
实施例8:DA-5抑制MDA-MB-231异种移植瘤的生长
在MDA-MB-231异种移植瘤小鼠模型上,将DA-5以30mg/kg/d灌胃,给药3周,监控小鼠生长状况和肿瘤进展,测试结果如图9所示。由图9中(A)可知,动物整体健康状况良好,体重未见明显下降;由图9中(B)可知,DA-5显著降低了肿瘤的生长速度(B);由图9中(C)和(D)可知,实验结束时,肿瘤大小和重量显著降低,各脏器组织外观未见明显病理异常,初步表明了DA-5的安全性和有效性。
上面结合附图对本申请实施例作了详细说明,但是本申请不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本申请宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (8)
1.一种3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物选自以下结构的化合物:
2.权利要求1所述的3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药物上可接受的盐的合成方法,其特征在于,制备所述3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物的反应路线为:
将5-溴-7氮杂吲哚与草酰氯傅克酰基化得到中间体(1);中间体(1)再与2-(2-吡啶基)乙胺缩合得到中间体(2);中间体(2)通过Suzuki偶联反应得到DA-5;将DA-5进行脱Boc反应得到DA-6;
3.权利要求1所述的3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备以下任一种产品中的应用:
a.治疗/预防与GPX4相关的疾病的药物;
b.抑制GPX酶活的产品;
c.诱导细胞铁死亡的产品;
d.调节细胞脂质过氧化程度的产品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述与GPX4相关的疾病包括有肿瘤。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤的种类包括乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、胶质母细胞瘤。
6.一种抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的3,5-二取代-7氮杂吲哚衍生物或其药物上可接受的盐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述抗肿瘤药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料为溶剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、赋形剂、悬浮剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂或稀释剂中的至少一种。
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