CN115055801B - A multi-layer tungsten foil explosive welding method for preparing layered composite materials - Google Patents
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备层状复合材料的多层钨箔爆炸焊接方法。该方法包括设置了多层钨箔和单层基板，钨箔具有优良的延展性，能承受较高的冲击压力和变形，同时厚度量级为0.1mm的钨箔能显著降低爆炸焊接过程中内部出现的拉伸波强度，有效减少裂纹等缺陷的生成。另一方面多层箔同时焊接时可以有效减小界面的动能损失，从而减小界面塑性变形。相比于传统单层钨箔焊接方法，本发明提出的方法可以有效增加钨复层的厚度，使其具备应用前景。
The present invention discloses a method for explosive welding of multilayer tungsten foils for preparing layered composite materials. The method includes setting up a multilayer tungsten foil and a single-layer substrate. The tungsten foil has excellent ductility and can withstand high impact pressure and deformation. At the same time, the tungsten foil with a thickness of 0.1 mm can significantly reduce the tensile wave intensity that occurs inside during the explosive welding process, and effectively reduce the generation of defects such as cracks. On the other hand, when the multilayer foils are welded simultaneously, the kinetic energy loss of the interface can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the plastic deformation of the interface. Compared with the traditional single-layer tungsten foil welding method, the method proposed by the present invention can effectively increase the thickness of the tungsten composite layer, so that it has application prospects.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于金属复合板的制造领域，特别涉及到一种制备层状复合材料的多层钨箔爆炸焊接方法。The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing metal composite plates, and in particular relates to a multi-layer tungsten foil explosion welding method for preparing layered composite materials.
背景技术Background technique
爆炸焊接作为一种固态焊接技术，由于其可以实现异种金属大面积复合、功能结构优化以及成本低廉的优点，具有广泛的工业应用。爆炸焊接过程中，炸药的爆轰能量使被焊材料的焊接面高速斜碰撞，碰撞时两板之间产生的射流可以自动清除金属表面的杂质和氧化膜，而碰撞产生的压力使被焊金属界面产生剧烈塑性变形以及局部高温。由于爆炸焊接的特性，传统爆炸焊接技术用于加工延伸率小于5％的脆性材料时，爆炸产生的强大应力波和塑性变形，会造成爆炸焊接完成后复合板出现裂纹甚至碎裂。As a solid-state welding technology, explosive welding has a wide range of industrial applications due to its advantages of large-area composite of dissimilar metals, optimized functional structure and low cost. During the explosive welding process, the detonation energy of the explosive causes the welding surfaces of the materials to be welded to collide obliquely at high speed. The jet generated between the two plates during the collision can automatically remove impurities and oxide films on the metal surface, and the pressure generated by the collision causes severe plastic deformation and local high temperature at the interface of the welded metal. Due to the characteristics of explosive welding, when traditional explosive welding technology is used to process brittle materials with an elongation of less than 5%, the strong stress waves and plastic deformation generated by the explosion will cause cracks or even breakage in the composite plate after the explosive welding is completed.
钨复合材料被认为是在核工业中理想的结构材料，但由于热物理性能的差异，采用传统熔化焊的方法难以获得优质的焊接接头。爆炸焊接被认为可以突破材料间冶金性能不兼容问题，获得异种金属间高质量的波形结合。但由于钨板的固有脆性，采用传统爆炸焊接法时焊接过程产生的强大冲击波，以及不均匀的塑性变形会使得钨板出现裂纹、甚至粉碎的现象，从而致使焊接失效。此前提出的热爆炸焊接法(中国专利CN201510104500.4一种预热爆炸焊接制备高结合强度纯钨复合板的方法)及水下爆炸焊接法(中国专利CN202110948094.5一种硬脆材料的爆炸焊接方法)短板明显，不仅有较大安全隐患，同时工艺复杂，难以实现大规模生产。由此可见，获得高质量钨复合板仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。Tungsten composite materials are considered to be ideal structural materials in the nuclear industry, but due to differences in thermophysical properties, it is difficult to obtain high-quality welded joints using traditional melting welding methods. Explosive welding is believed to be able to break through the problem of metallurgical incompatibility between materials and obtain high-quality waveform bonding between dissimilar metals. However, due to the inherent brittleness of tungsten plates, the strong shock waves generated during the welding process when using traditional explosive welding methods, as well as uneven plastic deformation, will cause cracks or even crushing of the tungsten plates, resulting in welding failure. The previously proposed thermal explosion welding method (Chinese patent CN201510104500.4 A method for preparing pure tungsten composite plates with high bonding strength by preheating explosive welding) and underwater explosion welding method (Chinese patent CN202110948094.5 A method for explosive welding of hard and brittle materials) have obvious shortcomings, not only with major safety hazards, but also with complex processes and difficulty in large-scale production. It can be seen that obtaining high-quality tungsten composite plates is still a challenging task.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提出一种多层钨箔爆炸焊接方法，采用多层钨箔取代整块钨板，钨箔更小的晶粒结构使其具有优良的延展性，可以承受更高的冲击力，而一次性焊接多层钨箔不仅能减小界面的动能损失，从而最终减小界面塑性变形，还可以获得较厚的钨涂层，使其具备应用前景。The present invention proposes a multi-layer tungsten foil explosion welding method, in which a multi-layer tungsten foil is used to replace a whole tungsten plate. The smaller grain structure of the tungsten foil makes it have excellent ductility and can withstand higher impact force. The one-time welding of the multi-layer tungsten foil can not only reduce the kinetic energy loss of the interface, thereby ultimately reducing the plastic deformation of the interface, but also obtain a thicker tungsten coating, making it have application prospects.
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种多层钨箔爆炸焊接方法。该方法包括多层钨箔与基板通过一次爆炸焊接组合形成复合板；通过增加钨材本身延展性和减小冲击和变形作用来获得高质量钨复合材料。A multi-layer tungsten foil explosion welding method. The method includes combining the multi-layer tungsten foil and the substrate through one explosion welding to form a composite plate; by increasing the ductility of the tungsten material itself and reducing the impact and deformation effect, a high-quality tungsten composite material is obtained.
具体手段为：The specific means are:
将多层钨箔由上至下按一定间隔依次平行布置在基板上，钨箔尺寸量级为0.1mm，晶粒尺寸小，具备优良的延展性，可以承受较高的冲击压力和变形，另一方面多层箔同时焊接时可以有效减小界面的动能损失，从而减小界面塑性变形。因此，爆炸完成之后可获得高质量钨复合材料。The multi-layer tungsten foil is arranged in parallel on the substrate from top to bottom at a certain interval. The tungsten foil size is 0.1mm, the grain size is small, and it has excellent ductility. It can withstand high impact pressure and deformation. On the other hand, when the multi-layer foil is welded at the same time, the kinetic energy loss of the interface can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the plastic deformation of the interface. Therefore, high-quality tungsten composite materials can be obtained after the explosion.
多组钨箔作为复板由上至下依次叠放。Multiple groups of tungsten foils are stacked from top to bottom as double plates.
其中，钨箔尺寸量级为0.1mm。Among them, the size of tungsten foil is on the order of 0.1mm.
其中，钨箔两侧施加拉伸力，避免钨箔下垂、松弛，保证各层钨箔按特定间隙平行放置。Among them, tensile force is applied on both sides of the tungsten foil to prevent the tungsten foil from sagging and loosening, ensuring that each layer of tungsten foil is placed in parallel with a specific gap.
本发明的优点是：1)实现钨复合材料的爆炸焊接，扩大爆炸焊接材料选用范围，开拓金属箔爆炸焊接技术应用领域。2)避免了传统爆炸焊接过程中钨材由于巨大冲击波及不均匀塑性变形产生的裂纹甚至粉碎情况，获得高质量钨复合材料。The advantages of the present invention are: 1) realizing explosive welding of tungsten composite materials, expanding the selection range of explosive welding materials, and exploring the application field of metal foil explosive welding technology. 2) avoiding the cracks or even crushing of tungsten materials caused by huge shock waves and uneven plastic deformation in the traditional explosive welding process, and obtaining high-quality tungsten composite materials.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.
图1是本发明的3层钨箔爆炸焊接示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of explosion welding of three layers of tungsten foils according to the present invention.
图2是实施例1中3层钨箔爆炸焊接形貌结果。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the morphology of explosion welding of three layers of tungsten foil in Example 1.
图3是本发明的4层钨箔爆炸焊接示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of explosion welding of four layers of tungsten foils according to the present invention.
图4是实施例2中4层钨箔爆炸焊接形貌结果。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the morphology of explosion welding of four layers of tungsten foil in Example 2.
图1中，1—雷管，2—炸药，3—防护层，4—钨箔A，5—间隙支撑A，6—钨箔B，7—间隙支撑B,8—钨箔C，9—间隙支撑C,10—基板，11—地基，12—约束。图3中，1—雷管，2—炸药，3—防护层，4—钨箔A，5—间隙支撑A，6—钨箔B，7—间隙支撑B，8—钨箔C，9—间隙支撑C,10—钨箔D，11—间隙支撑D，12—基板，13—地基，14—约束。In Figure 1, 1 is detonator, 2 is explosive, 3 is protective layer, 4 is tungsten foil A, 5 is gap support A, 6 is tungsten foil B, 7 is gap support B, 8 is tungsten foil C, 9 is gap support C, 10 is substrate, 11 is foundation, 12 is restraint. In Figure 3, 1 is detonator, 2 is explosive, 3 is protective layer, 4 is tungsten foil A, 5 is gap support A, 6 is tungsten foil B, 7 is gap support B, 8 is tungsten foil C, 9 is gap support C, 10 is tungsten foil D, 11 is gap support D, 12 is substrate, 13 is foundation, 14 is restraint.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示的金属箔爆炸焊接方法装置示意图。针对钨箔和铜板，其中复板4，6，8为钨箔，尺寸均为150mm×80mm×0.2mm，基板为铜板，尺寸为150mm×80mm×20mm。A schematic diagram of a metal foil explosion welding method is shown in Figure 1. For tungsten foil and copper plate, the composite plates 4, 6, and 8 are tungsten foils with dimensions of 150 mm × 80 mm × 0.2 mm, and the base plate is a copper plate with dimensions of 150 mm × 80 mm × 20 mm.
参见图1，本实施例包含一种多层金属箔爆炸焊接方法，所述的防护层3选用纸板与铝板通过双面胶紧密贴合形成的组合板，纸板尺寸为150mm×80mm×2mm，铝板尺寸为150mm×80mm×1mm；炸药2选用乳化炸药，密度0.75g/cm3，爆速约为2500m/s，厚度为10mm，炸药上方布置一层由高分子吸水性树脂(99％)与水(1％)混合而成的尺寸为150mm×80mm×40mm的约束材料。间隙支撑5，7，9高度为分别为1mm、2mm、3mm。将各层钨板4，6，8、和基板10打磨清理平整干净，将基板10水平放置在地基11上，钨箔四周固定约束，向外拉伸避免钨箔下垂、松弛，参照图1装配爆炸焊接装置。Referring to FIG. 1 , this embodiment includes a multi-layer metal foil explosion welding method. The protective layer 3 is a composite board formed by closely attaching paperboard and aluminum plate through double-sided adhesive. The size of the paperboard is 150mm×80mm×2mm, and the size of the aluminum plate is 150mm×80mm×1mm. The explosive 2 is an emulsion explosive with a density of 0.75g/cm 3 , a detonation velocity of about 2500m/s, and a thickness of 10mm. A layer of restraining material with a size of 150mm×80mm×40mm, which is a mixture of a high molecular water-absorbing resin (99%) and water (1%), is arranged above the explosive. The heights of the gap supports 5, 7, and 9 are 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm respectively. The layers of tungsten plates 4, 6, 8, and the substrate 10 are polished and cleaned, and the substrate 10 is placed horizontally on the foundation 11. The tungsten foil is fixed and restrained around and stretched outward to prevent the tungsten foil from sagging and loosening. The explosion welding device is assembled with reference to FIG. 1 .
爆炸完成后，3层钨箔成功复合到铜板上，除边缘部分外表面无烧蚀、褶皱及裂纹等缺陷，如图2。经SEM检测，结合界面出现典型爆炸焊接结合面结构。After the explosion, the three layers of tungsten foil were successfully composited to the copper plate, and there were no defects such as ablation, wrinkles and cracks on the outer surface except for the edge, as shown in Figure 2. SEM detection showed that the bonding interface showed a typical explosive welding bonding surface structure.
实施例2Example 2
如图3所示的多层金属箔爆炸焊接方法装置示意图。针对钨箔和铜板，其中复板4，6，8，10为钨箔，尺寸均为150mm×80mm×0.1mm，基板为铜板，尺寸为150mm×80mm×20mm。A schematic diagram of a multi-layer metal foil explosion welding method is shown in Figure 3. For tungsten foil and copper plate, the composite plates 4, 6, 8, and 10 are tungsten foils with dimensions of 150 mm × 80 mm × 0.1 mm, and the base plate is a copper plate with dimensions of 150 mm × 80 mm × 20 mm.
参见图3，本实施例包含一种多层金属箔爆炸焊接方法，所述的防护层3选用纸板与铝板通过双面胶紧密贴合形成的组合板，纸板尺寸为150mm×80mm×2mm，铝板尺寸为150mm×80mm×1mm；炸药2选用乳化炸药，密度0.75g/cm3，爆速约为2500m/s，厚度为8mm，炸药上方布置一层由高分子吸水性树脂(99％)与水(1％)混合而成的尺寸为150mm×80mm×60mm的约束材料。间隙支撑5，7，9，11高度为分别为1mm、1.5mm、2mm、3mm。将各层钨板4，6，8，10、和基板12打磨清理平整干净，将基板12水平放置在地基13上，钨箔四周固定约束，向外拉伸避免钨箔下垂、松弛，参照图3装配爆炸焊接装置。Referring to FIG3 , this embodiment includes a multi-layer metal foil explosion welding method. The protective layer 3 is a composite board formed by closely attaching paperboard and aluminum plate through double-sided adhesive. The size of the paperboard is 150mm×80mm×2mm, and the size of the aluminum plate is 150mm×80mm×1mm. The explosive 2 is an emulsion explosive with a density of 0.75g/cm 3 , a detonation velocity of about 2500m/s, and a thickness of 8mm. A layer of restraining material with a size of 150mm×80mm×60mm, which is a mixture of a high molecular water-absorbing resin (99%) and water (1%), is arranged above the explosive. The heights of the gap supports 5, 7, 9, and 11 are 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, and 3mm respectively. The layers of tungsten plates 4, 6, 8, 10, and the substrate 12 are polished and cleaned to make them flat. The substrate 12 is placed horizontally on the foundation 13. The tungsten foil is fixed and restrained around and stretched outward to prevent the tungsten foil from sagging and loosening. The explosion welding device is assembled with reference to FIG3 .
爆炸完成后，4层钨箔成功复合到铜板上，表面无烧蚀、褶皱及裂纹等缺陷，如图4。经SEM检测，结合界面出现典型爆炸焊接结合面结构。After the explosion, the four layers of tungsten foil were successfully composited to the copper plate, and there were no defects such as ablation, wrinkles and cracks on the surface, as shown in Figure 4. SEM detection showed that the bonding interface showed a typical explosive welding bonding surface structure.
本发明未详细公开的部分属于本领域公知技术，尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行描述，但本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The parts of the present invention that are not disclosed in detail belong to the common knowledge in the art. Although the illustrative specific implementation methods of the present invention are described above, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation methods, and all inventions and creations using the concepts of the present invention are protected.
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| CN112518097A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | A method for explosive welding of tungsten foil |
| CN112719558A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Energy control method for multilayer explosive welding |
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