CN115009207A - Biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial and energy-absorbing box for Formula Student - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic biphase mechanical metamaterial and an energy absorption box of an equation car of college students, wherein the bionic biphase mechanical metamaterial comprises a soft-phase unit cell microstructure and a hard-phase unit cell microstructure, and the hard-phase unit cell microstructure and the soft-phase unit cell microstructure are assembled into a representative volume unit cell by adopting a toughening mechanism in a biological material according to a two-phase specific continuous arrangement form. The bionic biphase mechanical metamaterial has low relative density, light weight and excellent mechanical properties, including higher toughness, rigidity and extremely high energy absorption, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial and energy-absorbing box for Formula Student

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metamaterials and student formula cars, in particular to a bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial and an energy absorbing box for student formula cars.

Background technique

Mechanical metamaterials, as a typical class of ultra-lightweight materials, have been a research hotspot in the past two decades due to their high specific stiffness and high specific strength. How to develop ultra-lightweight, high-performance, impact-resistant structural materials is one of the core scientific issues in the field of vehicle lightweighting and safety.

In addition, the FSAE competition was launched by the American Society of Vehicle Engineers in 1979, requiring participants to develop a car with a displacement of 610C.C. or less under a one-year funding of no more than 25,000 US dollars. Formula Student is an exciting and challenging project, where you can experience the speed and the passion but also face danger. The pursuit of formula racing is faster, lighter and safer, so while ensuring the weight reduction of the racing car, the collision safety of the racing car must be guaranteed. The rules require that the collision energy-absorbing device (anti-collision block) of a formula car is located directly in front of the car and has sufficient energy absorption under the condition that the size does not exceed a certain limit. At present, common anti-collision blocks are made of energy-absorbing foam, carbon fiber energy-absorbing box and aluminum honeycomb.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, an object of the present invention is to propose a biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, which has low relative density, light weight and excellent mechanical properties, including high toughness, stiffness, and extremely high energy absorption, crashworthiness it is good.

The bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes:

Soft-phase unit cell microstructure;

The hard-phase single-cell microstructure, the hard-phase single-cell microstructure and the soft-phase single-cell microstructure are assembled into a representative volume unit cell in the form of a two-phase specific continuous arrangement using a toughening mechanism in a biomaterial.

According to the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the hard-phase single-cell microstructure and the soft-phase single-cell microstructure are borrowed from the dual-phase toughening mechanism of biological materials in the soft world. Continued arrangement with specific positional relationship, this arrangement can provide additional energy absorption. To sum up, the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial of the first aspect of the present invention has the following advantages: low relative density, light weight and excellent mechanical properties, including high toughness, stiffness, and extremely high energy absorption, It has good crashworthiness and has broad application prospects, for example, it can be applied to the energy-absorbing box of the Formula Student racing car.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the biphasic specific continuous arrangement is a biphasic bicontinuous arrangement.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the form of the soft phase unit cell microstructure and the form of the hard phase unit cell microstructure are tailored according to the desired relative density and mechanical properties.

According to a further embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the soft-phase unit cell microstructure is a lattice unit cell in an FCC configuration, and the hard-phase unit cell microstructure is a lattice unit cell in an SC-FCC configuration.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the parent material of the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial is a polymer material or a metal material.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the representative volume unit cell is prepared by 3D printing.

A second aspect of the present invention also provides an energy absorbing box for a Formula Student car.

According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the energy-absorbing box for a Formula Student car, the energy-absorbing box is configured to be mounted on the head base plate of the Formula Student car and is located in the front nose shell, comprising:

a bottom plate, the bottom plate is used to be mounted on the head substrate;

The biomimetic two-phase mechanical metamaterial according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention;

a skin, the skin wraps the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial and is fixed on the base plate.

According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial is in the shape of a ring cylinder, and the skin includes end skins at both ends, an inner peripheral skin and an outer peripheral skin, wherein the two ends are The end skin covers both ends of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, the inner peripheral skin covers the inner circumference of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, and the outer peripheral skin covers the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial. The outer periphery of the phase mechanics metamaterial; wherein, the end skin at one end of the end skins at both ends is fixed on the base plate.

According to the energy-absorbing box of the Formula Student racing car according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, due to the light weight of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, excellent mechanical properties, especially high toughness, stiffness and extremely high energy absorption, good crashworthiness Therefore, correspondingly, the energy absorbing box has extremely light weight, and at the same time has extremely high energy absorption, which can protect the safety of the driver and reduce the loss caused by accidents.

According to a further embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the skin is a non-load-bearing skin or a load-bearing skin.

According to some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the bottom plate is an aluminum alloy bottom plate or a plastic bottom plate.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomimetic two-phase mechanical metamaterial according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the soft-phase unit cell microstructure in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hard-phase unit cell microstructure in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-absorbing box of a Formula Student racing car according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

5 is a schematic diagram of an end skin of a Formula Student energy absorbing box according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

Reference number:

Bionic Two-Phase Mechanics Metamaterial 1000

Energy absorbing box 2000

Soft Phase Unit Cell Microstructure 1 Hard Phase Unit Cell Microstructure 2 Front Nose Shell 3 Bottom Plate 4

Skin 5 End Skin 51 Inner Skin 52 Outer Skin 53

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

The invention draws on the distribution of soft and hard two-phase materials in biological materials in nature, and is based on lattice materials. Lightweight and high toughness at the same time, it will be used in the energy-absorbing box of the Formula Student racing car.

The bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 and the energy-absorbing box 2000 for Formula Student racing according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 .

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , the biomimetic two-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes a soft-phase single-cell microstructure 1 and a hard-phase single-cell microstructure 2 , and the hard-phase single-cell microstructure 2 and soft-phase unit cell microstructures 1 are assembled into representative volumetric unit cells in a specific continuous arrangement of two phases using toughening mechanisms in biomaterials.

Specifically, the form of the soft-phase unit cell microstructure 1 is different from that of the hard-phase unit cell microstructure 2. For example, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the form of the soft-phase unit cell microstructure 1 may be an FCC configuration (ie face-centered cubic structure) lattice unit cell, the form of hard phase unit cell microstructure 2 can be a lattice unit cell of SC-FCC configuration (ie simple face-centered cubic structure); The form of structure 1 can also be other structural forms, and the form of hard phase single cell microstructure 2 can also be other structural forms, because the form of soft phase single cell microstructure 1 and the form of hard phase single cell microstructure 2 are different, Therefore, there is a difference between the properties of the soft phase unit cell microstructure 1 and that of the hard phase unit cell microstructure 2.

In the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000, the hard-phase unit cell microstructure 2 and the soft-phase unit cell microstructure 1 are assembled into a representative volume unit cell according to the specific continuous arrangement of the two phases using the toughening mechanism in biomaterials. That is to say, the hard-phase single-cell microstructure 2 and the soft-phase single-cell microstructure 1 are borrowed from the dual-phase toughening mechanism of biomaterials in the soft world. The phase position remains tangent) continuous arrangement, which can provide additional energy absorption and greatly improve the energy absorption characteristics. Experiments show that the metal material is used as the parent material, and the specific energy absorption of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 is 24kJ/kg, which is about 2.5 times the energy absorption per unit mass of the soft phase. In addition, its specific strength and stiffness are 19kN m· kg ^-1 and 1148kN·m·kg ^-1 . According to this arrangement, it can be assembled into a desired representative volume unit cell according to actual needs, that is, the biomimetic two-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000.

The biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention has the following advantages: low relative density, light weight and excellent mechanical properties, including high toughness, stiffness, and extremely high energy absorption, It has good crashworthiness and has broad application prospects, for example, it can be applied to the energy-absorbing box of the Formula Student racing car.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the biphasic specific continuous arrangement is a biphasic bicontinuous arrangement (as shown in FIG. 1 ). It can be understood that this arrangement keeps the positions of the soft and hard phases tangent, which can provide additional energy absorption and greatly improve the energy absorption characteristics.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the form of the soft phase unit cell microstructure 1 and the form of the hard phase unit cell microstructure 2 are tailored according to the required relative density and mechanical properties to meet the requirements of the biomimetic dual mechanics metamaterial. Practical application of mechanical properties.

According to a further embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the soft-phase unit cell microstructure 1 is a lattice unit cell in the FCC configuration, the hard-phase unit cell microstructure 2 is a lattice unit cell in the SC-FCC configuration, and the soft-phase unit cell is a lattice unit cell in the SC-FCC configuration. The cellular microstructure 1 and the hard-phase unit cell microstructure 2 are assembled into a representative unit cell volume in the form of a two-phase bicontinuous arrangement, with low relative density, light weight and excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, toughness, stiffness As well as extremely high energy absorption, good crashworthiness, and broad application prospects, for example, it can be applied to the energy-absorbing box of Formula Student.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the parent material of the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 is a polymer material or a metal material. That is to say, the parent material can be selected according to actual needs, for example, nylon polymer material can be selected.

According to some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the representative volume unit cell is prepared by 3D printing, which is convenient to process.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , a second aspect of the present invention further provides an energy-absorbing box 2000 for a Formula Student racing car.

Formula Student car energy absorbing box 2000 according to the second aspect of the present invention, the energy absorbing box 2000 is intended to be mounted on a Formula Student car head base plate and within the nose shell 3, comprising a base plate 4, a skin 5 and according to the present invention In the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 according to any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, the base plate 4 is used to be installed on the head substrate;

Specifically, the bottom plate 4 is used to be installed at the front position of the base plate of the head of the Formula Student car, so that the energy absorbing box 2000 can be conveniently installed at the front position of the base plate. fixed on the base plate. The skin 5 covers the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 , mainly to protect the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 , and also to facilitate fixing the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 on the base plate 4 . The skin 5 itself can be a cloth for covering and decoration, or a carbon fiber board for reinforcing, which can be selected according to different situations. The bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 is formed by covering the skin 5 to form the energy-absorbing main part of the energy-absorbing box 2000. Under the synergistic effect of structure and hard-phase single-cell microstructure), the single-cell rods interact frictionally and fracture, which improves energy absorption and collision safety. Here is an explanation of the meaning of the unit cell rod: Since the mechanical metamaterial unit cell (lattice material) is composed of rods according to a specific spatial arrangement, the unit cell rod here refers to the smallest rod (as shown in the figure). 2 the smallest rod).

According to the energy-absorbing box 2000 of the Formula Student racing car according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 is light in weight and has excellent mechanical properties, especially high toughness, stiffness, and extremely high energy absorption, and is crash-resistant. Therefore, correspondingly, the energy absorbing box 2000 has extremely light weight, and at the same time has extremely high energy absorption, which can protect the safety of the driver and reduce the losses caused by accidents.

According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 is in the shape of a ring cylinder, for example, it can be a circular ring cylinder or a square ring cylinder, and the skin 5 includes end skins 51 at both ends. , an inner peripheral skin 52 and an outer peripheral skin 53, wherein, the end skins 51 at both ends cover both ends of the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000, and the inner peripheral skin 52 covers the inner surface of the biomimetic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000. The outer peripheral skin 53 covers the outer periphery of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial 1000 ; wherein one end of the end skins 51 at both ends is fixed on the bottom plate 4 .

According to a further embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the skin 5 is a non-load-bearing skin 5 or a load-bearing skin 5, which can be selected according to actual needs.

According to some embodiments of the second aspect of the present disclosure, the base plate 4 can be selected from an aluminum alloy base plate or a plastic base plate with a lighter weight.

In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples", etc., is meant to incorporate the embodiments A particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by an example or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial is characterized by comprising:

a soft phase cell microstructure;

the hard phase unit cell microstructure and the soft phase unit cell microstructure are assembled into a representative volume unit cell by adopting a toughening mechanism in a biological material according to a two-phase specific continuous arrangement form.

2. The biomimetic biphasic mechanical metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the biphasic specific continuous arrangement is a biphasic bicontinuous arrangement.

3. The biomimetic bi-phasic mechanical metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein the form of the soft-phase cell microstructure and the form of the hard-phase cell microstructure are customized according to the desired relative density and mechanical properties.

4. The biomimetic bi-phasic mechanical metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the soft-phase unit cell microstructure is a lattice unit cell of FCC configuration, and the hard-phase unit cell microstructure is a lattice unit cell of SC-FCC configuration.

5. The biomimetic biphasic mechanical metamaterial according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the parent material of the biomimetic biphasic mechanical metamaterial is a polymer material or a metal material.

6. The biomimetic biphasic mechanical metamaterial according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the representative volumetric unit cell is prepared by 3D printing.

7. The utility model provides an university student formula car crash box, its characterized in that, the crash box is used for installing on university student formula car head base plate and is located the nose shell, includes:

a base plate for mounting on the head substrate;

the biomimetic biphasic mechanical metamaterial according to any one of claims 1-6;

and the skin covers the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial and is fixed on the bottom plate.

8. The university student's equation car energy absorption box according to claim 7, wherein the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial is in an annular column shape, and the skin comprises two-end skins, an inner circumference skin and an outer circumference skin, wherein the two-end skins cover two ends of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, the inner circumference skin covers an inner circumference of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial, and the outer circumference skin covers an outer circumference of the bionic dual-phase mechanical metamaterial; wherein one of the end skins is adhered to the floor.

9. The university student's formula car crash box of claim 8 wherein the skin is a non-load bearing skin or a load bearing skin.

10. The energy absorption box of formula racer of any one of claims 7-9, wherein the base plate is an aluminum alloy base plate or a plastic base plate.

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