Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a grid-connected energy storage system of an offshore wind farm based on grid-connected control and a control method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects of the technology.
The grid-connected energy storage system is additionally arranged and connected to the same public grid-connected point with the offshore wind power system, and the grid-connected energy storage system has active power controllability and reactive power controllability, so that power fluctuation of the offshore wind power system can be smoothed. In addition, a DC/AC converter of the grid-connected energy storage system adopts grid-connected control, and a hybrid synchronous ring replaces a phase-locked loop (PLL) to be used as a synchronous mode of the energy storage system and a superior power grid; the grid-connected energy storage system of the offshore wind farm based on the grid-connected type control not only can stably operate in a weak power grid, but also can provide black start, inertial response and the like.
Interpretation of terms:
1. ESS: energy Storage System, Energy Storage System.
2. MPPT: maximum Power Point Tracking.
3. SVPWM: space Vector Pulse Width Modulation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for overcoming the technical problems is as follows:
an offshore wind power plant grid-connected energy storage system based on grid-connected control comprises an offshore wind power system, a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system, a grid-connected energy storage system and a superior power grid, wherein electric energy generated by the offshore wind power system is transmitted to the superior power grid through the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system and the grid-connected energy storage system;
the offshore wind power system is used for converting wind energy into electric energy and comprises a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a transformer I;
the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is used for remotely transmitting electric energy generated by an offshore wind power system and comprises an AC/DC converter, an AC/DC controller, a DC/AC converter I, a DC/AC controller I, a filter I and a transformer II, wherein the AC/DC controller is used for detecting the rotor speed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator in the offshore wind power system and the output power of a wind turbine, and the DC/AC controller is used for detecting the direct-current bus voltage of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system;
the grid-connected energy storage system is used for providing electric energy storage and output management for an offshore wind power system and comprises an energy storage system, a DC/AC converter II, a DC/AC controller II, a filter II and a transformer III, wherein the DC/AC controller II is used for detecting active power, reactive power and public grid-connected point voltage output by the grid-connected energy storage system;
and the superior power grid is used for receiving the electric energy transmitted by the offshore wind power system and carrying out large-range electric energy transmission and distribution, and comprises a public grid-connected point and an equivalent power supply of the superior power grid.
Furthermore, the AC/DC controller comprises a MPPT control loop, a current control loop and a first pulse generator, wherein the input end of the current control loop is connected with the output end of the MPPT control loop, and the output end of the current control loop is connected with the input end of the first pulse generator; the MPPT control loop comprises an MPPT algorithm module, a filter III, an adder I and a power regulator, the MPPT control loop is used for processing the rotating speed of a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous generator through the MPPT algorithm module to form a reference value of the output power of a wind turbine, then the reference value of the output power of the wind turbine and the actual output power of the wind turbine are processed through the power regulator to obtain a q-axis reference value of the output current of the offshore wind power system, meanwhile, a d-axis reference value of the output current of the offshore wind power system is set to be 0, and then the q-axis reference value and the d-axis reference value of the output current of the offshore wind power system are transmitted to the current control loop.
Further, the current control loop comprises an adder II, a current regulator I, a multiplier I, an adder III, an adder IV, a current regulator II, a multiplier II and an adder V, and is used for inputting a q-axis reference value and a d-axis reference value of the output current of the offshore wind power system and outputting a reference voltage d-axis component and a q-axis component required by the pulse generator I.
Furthermore, the first DC/AC controller comprises a direct-current voltage control loop, a current control loop and a second pulse generator, wherein the input end of the current control loop is connected with the output end of the direct-current voltage control loop, and the output end of the current control loop is connected with the input end of the second pulse generator; the direct-current voltage control loop comprises a filter IV, an adder VI and a direct-current voltage regulator, the direct-current voltage control loop is used for inputting a reference value of direct-current bus voltage and an actual value of the direct-current bus voltage, obtaining a d-axis reference value of output current of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system through the direct-current voltage regulator, setting a q-axis reference value of the output current of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system to be 0, and transmitting the d-axis reference value and the q-axis reference value of the output current of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system to the current control loop.
Further, the current control loop comprises a seventh adder, a third current regulator, a third multiplier, an eighth adder, a ninth adder, a fourth current regulator, a fourth multiplier and a tenth adder, and is used for inputting a d-axis reference value and a q-axis reference value of output current of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and outputting a d-axis component and a q-axis component of reference voltage required by the second pulse generator.
Furthermore, the DC/AC controller II is a networking type controller and comprises a hybrid synchronous ring, a reactive power control ring, an inner ring controller and a third pulse generator, wherein the input end of the inner ring controller is connected with the output end of the reactive power control ring, and the output end of the inner ring controller is connected with the input end of the third pulse generator.
Further, the hybrid synchronous ring comprises a filter five, an adder eleven, an active power regulator, an adder twelve, a Park converter, a voltage regulator one and an integrator, and the hybrid synchronous ring is used for processing active power output by the grid-connected energy storage system through the active power regulator and processing voltage at a common grid-connected point through the voltage regulator one to form a phase angle of a d axis in a dq control coordinate system.
Further, the reactive control loop comprises a sixth filter, a thirteenth adder, a reactive power regulator and a fourteenth adder, and the reactive control loop is used for forming a reference value of the voltage at the common grid-connected point after being processed by the reactive power regulator and then transmitting the reference value of the voltage at the common grid-connected point to the inner loop controller.
Further, the inner ring controller comprises an adder fifteen, a voltage regulator two, a multiplier five, an adder sixteen, an adder seventeen, a current regulator five, a multiplier six, an adder eighteen, an adder nineteen, a voltage regulator three, a multiplier seven, an adder twenty-one, a current regulator six, a multiplier eight and an adder twenty-two, and is used for inputting reference values of a voltage d axis and a q axis at a common grid-connected point, actual values of the voltage d axis and the q axis at the common grid-connected point, actual values of output currents of the grid-connected energy storage system d axis and the q axis, actual values of filter currents of the grid-connected energy storage system d axis and the q axis, and outputting d axis and q axis components of reference voltages required by the pulse generator three.
The invention also discloses a control method of the offshore wind farm grid-connected energy storage system based on the grid-connected control, which comprises the following steps:
the offshore wind power system converts wind energy into electric energy;
the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is used for remotely transmitting electric energy generated by the offshore wind power system, the offshore wind power system outputs the maximum active power under different external conditions under the control of the AC/DC controller in the transmission process, the direct-current bus voltage of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is stabilized under the control of the DC/AC controller I, and the high-voltage direct-current transmission system transmits the active power output by the offshore wind power system to a superior power grid;
the grid-connected energy storage system provides electric energy storage and output management for the offshore wind power system, provides inertia and frequency support for a superior power grid through the DC/AC controller II, responds to energy scheduling and voltage regulation instructions of the superior power grid, and provides a fault ride-through function for the offshore wind power system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the offshore wind farm grid-connected energy storage system provided by the invention combines the charging and discharging characteristics of energy storage and the characteristics of strong offshore wind electric wave mobility and uncertainty, so that the offshore wind farm grid-connected energy storage system can deliver safe and stable electric energy to a superior power grid. The grid-connected energy storage system not only smoothes power fluctuation of the offshore wind farm, but also can provide reactive power, voltage regulation and resonance damping for the offshore wind farm.
2. The control method of the offshore wind power plant grid-connected energy storage system based on the grid-connected control provided by the invention reduces the instability problem of offshore wind power grid connection in a weak power grid, and the grid-connected energy storage system adopts the grid-connected control, so that the offshore wind power grid-connected energy storage system can be ensured to stably operate in the weak power grid, and more functions such as black start capability, inertial response and the like are provided.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention for those skilled in the art, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and do not limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the grid-connected energy storage system of an offshore wind farm based on grid-connected type control according to this embodiment includes an offshore wind power system #1, a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system #2, a grid-connected energy storage system #3, and a superior power grid #4, and electric energy generated by the offshore wind power system #1 is transmitted to the superior power grid #4 through the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system #2 and the grid-connected energy storage system # 3.
Specifically, the offshore wind power system #1 is used for converting wind energy into electric energy and comprises a wind turbine 1, a permanent magnet synchronous generator 2 and a transformer I3. The high-voltage direct-current power transmission system #2 is used for remotely transmitting electric energy generated by an offshore wind power system #1 through overhead cables or submarine cables by utilizing the characteristics of no inductive reactance and no capacitive reactance of direct current, and comprises an AC/DC converter 4, an AC/DC controller 5, a DC/AC converter I6, a DC/AC controller I7, a filter I8 and a transformer II 9. The grid-connected energy storage system #3 is used for providing electric energy storage and output management for the offshore wind power system #1 and comprises an energy storage system 10, a DC/AC converter II 11, a DC/AC controller II 12, a filter II 13 and a transformer III 14; the superior power grid #4 is used for receiving electric energy transmitted by the offshore wind power system #1 and carrying out large-range electric energy transmission and distribution, and comprises a public grid-connected point 15 and a superior power grid equivalent power supply 16.
Specifically, the AC/DC converter 4, the DC/AC converter one 6, and the DC/AC converter two 11 all adopt three-phase bridge type full-control circuits; the first filter 8 and the second filter 13 may be LC type filters or LCL type filters.
Specifically, the control principle structure of the AC/DC controller 5 is as shown in fig. 2, and includes: MPPT control ring #5, current control ring #6 and impulse generator one 29, the input of current control ring #6 is connected with MPPT control ring # 5's output, and the output of current control ring #6 is connected with impulse generator one 29's input. The MPPT control loop #5 includes an MPPT algorithm module 17, a third filter 18, a first adder 19, and a power regulator 20; the current control loop #6 includes an adder two 21, a current regulator one 22, a multiplier one 23, an adder three 24, an adder four 25, a current regulator two 26, a multiplier two 27, and an adder five 28.
Inputting the actual value omega of the rotating speed of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 2 r Obtaining the reference value P of the active power output by the wind turbine 1 through the MPPT algorithm module 17 wt,ref (ii) a Inputting the actual value P of active power output by the wind turbine 1 wt (ii) a Will P wt,ref And P wt Difference is made and output to the power regulator 20; obtaining a q-axis reference value i of the output current of the offshore wind power system #1 qref 。
Q-axis reference value i of output current of input offshore wind power system #1 qref And d-axis reference value i dref Wherein i is dref Is always set to 0; inputting q-axis actual value i of output current of offshore wind power system #1 q And d-axis actual value i d ; i qref And i q Passing through a current regulator after making a differenceOne 22, then with i d The output of the multiplier II 27 is summed to obtain one of the inputs of the pulse generator I29; i.e. i dref And i d After making a difference, pass through current regulator two 26, then and i q The difference is made through the output of the multiplier I23, and the electrical angular frequency omega of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 2 is added e With permanent magnet linkage Ψ f The other input of the first pulse generator 29.
The first multiplier 23 and the second multiplier 27 are the same decoupling term, and usually take the electrical angular frequency ω of the permanent magnet synchronous generator 2 e And its stator inductance L s The product of (a).
The specific structure of the first pulse generator 29 is shown in fig. 6, and includes: a Clark converter 71 and an SVPWM modulator 72.
Specifically, the control structure of the DC/AC controller one 7 is as shown in fig. 3, and includes: the circuit comprises a direct current voltage control loop #7, a current control loop #8 and a second pulse generator 41, wherein the input end of the current control loop #8 is connected with the output end of the direct current voltage control loop #7, and the output end of the current control loop #8 is connected with the input end of the second pulse generator 41. Wherein the dc voltage control loop #7 includes a filter four 30, an adder six 31, and a dc voltage regulator 32; the current control loop #8 includes an adder seven 33, a current regulator three 34, a multiplier three 35, an adder eight 36, an adder nine 37, a current regulator four 38, a multiplier four 39, and an adder ten 40.
Direct current bus voltage reference value V input into high voltage direct current transmission system #2 dc,ref And the actual value V of the DC bus voltage dc Obtaining a d-axis reference value i 'of the output current of the HVDC system #2 through the direct-current voltage regulator 32 after the difference between the two' gd,ref 。
D-axis reference value i 'of output current of high-voltage direct current transmission system # 2' gd,ref And q-axis reference value i' gq,ref Wherein i' gq,ref Is always set to 0; d-axis actual value i 'of output current of high-voltage direct-current power transmission system #2 is input' gd And q-axis actual value i' gq ;i′ gd,ref And i' gd Is differentiated and then passes through a current regulator three 34 and then is combined with i' gq The sum of the outputs from the multipliers four 39 is added to the actual value u of the d-component of the voltage at the common grid connection point 15 gd Obtaining one of the inputs of the second pulse generator 41; i' gq,ref And i' gq Is differentiated and then passes through current regulator four 38, then is and' gd The difference is made from the output of the multiplier three 35, and the actual value u of the q-axis component of the voltage of the common grid point 15 is added gq And the other input of the second pulse generator 41 is obtained.
The specific structure of the second pulse generator 41 is shown in fig. 6, and includes: a Clark converter 71 and an SVPWM modulator 72.
The invention adopts a battery energy storage system controlled by a grid type, which means that a DC/AC controller II 12 in a grid-connected energy storage system #3 is controlled by the grid type, so that the offshore wind power grid-connected energy storage system can be connected to a weak power grid, and the stability of offshore wind power grid connection in the weak power grid can be enhanced.
The networking type control structure of the second DC/AC controller 12 is shown in fig. 4, and includes: the hybrid synchronous loop comprises a hybrid synchronous loop #9, a reactive power control loop #10, an inner loop controller 53 and a third pulse generator 54, wherein the input end of the inner loop controller 53 is connected with the output end of the reactive power control loop #10, and the output end of the inner loop controller 53 is connected with the input end of the third pulse generator 54. Wherein the hybrid synchronous loop #9 includes a filter five 42, an adder eleven 43, an active power regulator 44, an adder twelve 45, a Park converter 46, a voltage regulator one 47, and an integrator 48; the reactive control loop #10 includes a filter six 49, a summer thirteen 50, a reactive power regulator 51, and a summer fourteen 52.
The hybrid synchronous ring #9 inputs an actual value P of active power transmitted to an upper-level power grid #4 from a grid-connected energy storage system #3 and a reference value P ref (ii) a Inputting the actual value u of the three-phase voltage of the public grid-connected point 15 gabc ;P ref After making a difference with P, the difference is passed through an active power regulator 44, u gabc Taking u after Park transformation gq Through the voltage regulator I47, the two are added with the angular frequency reference value omega 0 Omega under 50Hz alternating current 0 The reference value θ of the phase angle is obtained through the integrator 48, and the phase angle θ is the input reference angle of the Park converter 46.
The reactive power control loop #10 inputs an actual value Q of reactive power transmitted to an upper-level power grid #4 by a grid-connected energy storage system #3 and a reference value Q ref (ii) a Inputting a reference value U of the amplitude of the phase voltage at the common grid-connected point 15 g,ref ;Q ref The difference with Q is made, and then passes through a reactive power regulator 51 to be compared with U g,ref D-axis voltage reference value U of inner loop controller 53 is obtained by summation gd,ref 。
Specifically, the specific control structure of the inner ring controller 53 is shown in fig. 5, and includes an adder fifteen 55, a voltage regulator two 56, a multiplier five 57, an adder sixteen 58, an adder seventeen 59, a current regulator five 60, a multiplier six 61, an adder eighteen 62, an adder nineteen 63, a voltage regulator three 64, a multiplier seven 65, an adder twenty 66, an adder twenty one 67, a current regulator six 68, a multiplier eight 69, and an adder twenty-two 70.
Inputting d-axis voltage reference value U gd,ref And q-axis voltage reference value U gq,ref Usually U gq,ref Taking the value as 0; inputting the actual value u of the d-axis component of the voltage of the common grid-connected point 15 gd Q-axis component actual value u gq (ii) a The d-axis current actual value i' input into the grid-connected energy storage system #3 and passing through the second filter 13 gLd And the actual value i ″' of the q-axis current gLq (ii) a Inputting the d-axis actual value i ″, of the output current of the grid-connected energy storage system #3 gd And a q-axis reference value i ″) gq 。
The U is gd,ref And u gd The difference is made and then passed through a second voltage regulator 56, and then u gq The output of the multiplier seven 65 is summed, and i ″' is added gLd Obtaining a d-axis reference value i ″' of the output current of the grid-connected energy storage system #3 gd,ref ; U gq,ref And u gq Differenced and passed through voltage regulator three 64, and then sum u gd The output of the multiplier five 57 is summed, and i' is added gLq Obtaining a q-axis reference value i ″' of the output current of the grid-connected energy storage system #3 gq,ref 。
The i ″) gd,ref And i ″) gd Differenced by current regulator five 60, then summed with i ″ gq The output through the multiplier eight 69 is summed,plus u gd To obtain one of the inputs to pulse generator three 54; i ″) gq,ref And i ″) gq Differenced by current regulator six 68, then summed with i ″ gd The output through the multiplier six 61 is subtracted and added with u gq And another input to pulse generator three 54 is obtained.
The specific structure of the third pulse generator 54 is shown in fig. 6, and includes: a Clark converter 71 and an SVPWM modulator 72.
The filters used in this embodiment, i.e., the first filter 8, the second filter 13, the third filter 18, the fourth filter 30, the fifth filter 42, and the sixth filter 49, may be any one of a passive low-pass filter, an active low-pass filter, a first-order low-pass filter, a second-order low-pass filter, a third-order low-pass filter, and a higher-order low-pass filter, and the passive low-pass filter, the active low-pass filter, the first-order low-pass filter, the second-order low-pass filter, the third-order low-pass filter, and the higher-order low-pass filter may have a clipping function.
The power regulator, the current regulator, the direct current regulator, the active power regulator, the voltage regulator and the reactive power regulator used in this embodiment all adopt proportional-integral-derivative regulators, the proportional-integral-derivative regulators can be proportional regulators, proportional-integral regulators or proportional-integral-derivative regulators, different regulators are selected according to specific control requirements, and all types of regulators can have an amplitude limiting function.
The control process of the offshore wind farm grid-connected energy storage system based on the grid-connected control is as follows:
when the system normally operates, the AC/DC controller 5 enables the offshore wind power system #1 to output the maximum active power under different external conditions through MPPT control; the first DC/AC controller 7 stabilizes the DC bus voltage of the high-voltage DC transmission system #2 through a DC voltage control loop, and adjusts the current i 'output by the high-voltage DC transmission system #2 through a current control loop # 6' gabc Enabling the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system #2 to transmit active power output by the offshore wind power system #1 to an upper-level power grid # 4; hybrid synchronous loop #9 in DC/AC controller two 12 accomplishes phase locking in combination with power offset and q-axis component of alternating voltageWhile providing inertia and frequency support; the reactive control loop #10 outputs a d-axis component reference value of voltage through the reactive power regulator 51, and the hybrid synchronous loop #9 and the reactive control loop #10 are used as outer loop control to simultaneously input a phase angle of the d-axis and the d-axis component reference value of voltage for the voltage control loop; the inner-loop controller #11 adopts voltage and current double inner-loop control, modulated reference values of d-axis components and q-axis components are input into the pulse generator #12, and finally the pulse modulator obtains trigger pulses through modulation to control the power electronic device to be switched on and off so as to complete control.
The foregoing merely illustrates the general principles of the invention and preferred embodiments thereof, and many changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention.