CN114870812B - 一种细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜及制备方法，本发明通过将细菌纤维素和活性氢氧化镁复合得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜，用于重金属镍的吸附。本发明的复合膜主要优点有两个，一个是对金属镍的高吸附容量(最高达到720mg/g),另一个优点是和粉体或颗粒吸附材料相比，本发明的复合膜方便回收。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域，具体涉及一种细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜及制备方法。
背景技术
金属镍是一种对环境有严重危害的重金属，电镀厂废液中普遍含有镍，《电镀污染物排放标准GB 21900—2008》要求镍的排放限值低于0.1mg/ml。目前在含镍废水的治理方加重金属去除剂是一种通行方法。重金属去除剂是一种吸附材料，利用介孔或微孔材料吸附重金属。主要有二氧化硅，氧化镁，氧化铝等。如于泊蕖等利用氢氧化镁吸附镍,饱和吸附容量达到19.25mg/g(工业安全与环保，第37卷第1期)。李林海利用碳多孔材料吸附镍，吸附容量达到75.3mg/g)(工业废水中重金属镍离子处理研究，李林海，硕士学位论文，湖南大学)。
细菌纤维素是木醋杆菌等细菌产生的纤维素，集束直径约60nm,是天然的纳米材料，具有高结晶度，高吸水性，高生物相容性等特点。邹瑜等使用细菌纤维素吸附铜离子，吸附容量为17.2mg/g(材料科学与工程学报，2008，26(3)：426-429).Shen等用细菌纤维素吸附铅离子吸附容量为67mg/g(Carbohydrate Polymers 2009,75(1):110-114).申请号为CN201710244366.7的中国专利公开了一种利用细菌纤维素吸附豌豆蛋白中重金属的方法。现有的吸附重金属镍的吸附剂，吸附容量小，主要吸附低浓度废水，且多为粉末形式，细的粉末容易悬浮在水中，回收分离困难或是需要额外增加回收成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题，提出了将活性氧化镁复合细菌纤维素膜用于处理高浓度含镍废水。本发明的细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜主要包括下列技术方案：
将2～15g氢氧化镁在900～1500℃高温闪烧得到活性氧化镁待用。将细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成小块,放入烧杯中加入水，置于家用料理机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，移入球磨机中加入准备好的活性氧化镁继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。
高浓度含镍废水吸附能力测试表征：
配置200mg/l的硫酸镍水溶液，利用U3900紫外分光光度计测试吸光度检测细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜的吸附效果，具体利用镍离子在443nm处的特征吸收波长的吸光度表征细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜的吸附效果。
其次现有的吸附重金属镍的吸附剂，吸附容量小，主要吸附低浓度废水，且多为粉末形式，细的粉末容易悬浮在水中，回收分离困难或是需要额外增加回收成本，本发明将细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜两者结合在一起，方便回收。
附图说明
图1是一种细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜的扫描电机图
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1
将2g氢氧化镁1500℃高温闪烧3分钟得到活性氧化镁，将50g细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成0.5cm2的小块,放入烧杯中加入300g水，置于家用料理机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，移入球磨机中加入准备好的活性氧化镁继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。吸附膜对镍离子的高吸附容量为610mg/g。
实施例2
将5g氢氧化镁1300℃高温闪烧3分钟得到活性氧化镁，将50g细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成0.5cm2的小块,放入烧杯中加入300g水，置于家用料理机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，移入球磨机中加入准备好的活性氧化镁继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。吸附膜对对镍离子的高吸附容量为650mg/g。
实施例3
将10g氢氧化镁1100℃高温闪烧3分钟得到活性氧化镁，将50g细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成0.5cm2的小块,放入烧杯中加入300g水，置于家用料理机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，移入球磨机中加入准备好的活性氧化镁继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。吸附膜对对镍离子的高吸附容量为720mg/g。
实施例4
将15g氢氧化镁900℃高温闪烧3分钟得到活性氧化镁，将50g细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成0.5cm2的小块,放入烧杯中加入300g水，置于家用料理机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，移入球磨机中加入准备好的活性氧化镁继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。吸附膜对对镍离子的高吸附容量为710mg/g。
Claims (2)
1.一种细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、活性氧化镁的制备：将2～15g氢氧化镁在900～1500℃高温闪烧得到活性氧化镁；
步骤二、细菌纤维素水凝胶溶液的制备：将细菌纤维素水凝胶膜剪成小块,放入烧杯中加入水，置于搅拌机中，在80℃的条件下2000转/分的转速机械破碎搅拌1h后，得到细菌纤维素水凝胶溶液；
步骤三、细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜的制备，将步骤一制得的活性氧化镁和和步骤二制得的细菌纤维素水凝胶溶液移入球磨机中继续搅拌3h得到均匀浆料，活性氧化镁与水在细菌纤维素纳米纤维表面生成活性氢氧化镁，然后将浆料倒进不锈钢盘中冷冻干燥得到细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的细菌纤维素活性氢氧化镁复合膜，其特征在于所述的复合膜对镍离子的吸附容量为610mg/g-720mg/g。
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