CN114832854A - 一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与催化氧化降解废水中苯酚及其衍生物的应用 - Google Patents
一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与催化氧化降解废水中苯酚及其衍生物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0279—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the cationic portion being acyclic or nitrogen being a substituent on a ring
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
- B01J31/0281—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
- B01J31/0282—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aliphatic ring, e.g. morpholinium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
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- B01J31/0284—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
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- B01J31/0288—Phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与催化氧化降解废水中苯酚及其衍生物的应用。本发明钨酸根离子液体的制备方法包括:将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合反应,得到钨酸银与离子液体混合反应,反应结束过滤,得到滤液浓缩、洗涤、干燥,即得钨酸根离子液体。上述钨酸根离子液体应用于作为氧化降解反应的催化剂。采用上述钨酸根离子液体催化氧化降解苯酚和/或其衍生物的方法包括:将苯酚和/或其衍生物或含苯酚和/或其衍生物的废水与钨酸根离子液体、双氧水混合,进行反应,即能使酚和/或其衍生物氧化降解。本发明钨酸根离子液体能净化高浓度含酚废水,反应后只有离子液体和水,并能循环使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与应用,具体涉及一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与催化氧化降解废水中苯酚及其衍生物的应用,更具体涉及一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与应用、一种钨酸根离子液体催化氧化降解苯酚或其衍生物的方法,属于绿色化学和环境化学领域。
背景技术
随着工业化的不断推进,废水排放引起严重的环境污染。许多工业过程如煤炭、石化、塑料与橡胶等行业都会排出含酚的废水。这些废水不仅直接危害到生态环境的安全,也会污染人类的饮用水。而酚类物质很难被大自然降解,因此工业废水在排放前不得不被人工降解。
当前,含酚废水的降解方法主要有物理法、生物法和化学法。通过萃取、吸附和膜分离虽然可以去除一部分酚类物质,但是效率很低或者吸附剂难以再生或者膜处理时需要特殊的设备。而含酚物质对微生物是有害的,这就限制了生物方法的应用(CN107029801A)。最近出现的新降解方法如电催化(CN106966466A)、光催化(CN104326524A)、微波催化和超声催化能够有效地降解苯酚,但是它们只是适合低浓度的含酚废水。
化学法降解酚类物质是指通过催化氧化方法将酚类物质完全氧化为气体和水(CN1693225,CN102351302A,CN107262032A,CN107902743A)。而且双氧水或氧气作为环境友好的氧化剂成为首选。早期采用Fenton催化剂对废水进行降解,可是这种均相催化剂分离困难,中和后会产生大量的废渣。将Fenton催化剂进行多相化,解决了上面的问题,可是酚的脱除效率下降了(CN107497434A,CN101838074A)。对于高浓度酚的脱除往往需要在高温下进行,这就限制了这种方法的有效应用(CN102674522A)。
具有高热稳定性的离子液体常被选作有机溶剂的替代物用于分离过程。同时离子液体也可作为吸附剂移除有害的有机物和重金属离子。在废水中脱除酚方面,乙酸根离子液体作为电解质通过电化学方法可以移除含酚物质(CN105951121B)。但是直接采用离子液体对废水中高浓度酚进行催化氧化降解没有报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与催化氧化降解废水中苯酚及其衍生物的应用,具体提供一种钨酸根离子液体及其制备方法与应用、一种钨酸根离子液体催化氧化降解苯酚或其衍生物的方法。
本发明提供的一种钨酸根离子液体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合反应,得到钨酸银;
2)将所述钨酸银与离子液体混合反应,反应结束过滤,得到滤液浓缩、洗涤、干燥,即得钨酸根离子液体。
上述的制备方法步骤1)中所述反应的温度为室温;
所述钨酸钠为含结晶水或不带结晶水的钨酸钠。
本发明中,所述室温指的是本领域公知的常识,具体可为10~30℃。
上述的制备方法步骤1)中,所述钨酸钠与硝酸银的摩尔比可为1:0.5~5,具体可为1:1、1:2或1:1~2。
上述的制备方法步骤1)中所述反应还包括将反应结束后过滤沉淀并对其进行洗涤,然后进行干燥的步骤。
上述的制备方法中,所述离子液体中卤阴离子选自氯离子、溴离子和碘离子中的至少一种;
所述离子液体中阳离子选自带有长链取代基的如下基团中的至少一种:咪唑、吡啶、季铵、季鏻、吡咯和哌啶;所述长链取代基为碳数10~20的烷基(如癸烷、十一烷~二十烷)和烯基(如癸烯、十一烯~二十烯);
所述离子液体具体可为十二烷基三甲基季铵溴盐、癸烷基三甲基咪唑氯盐、十六烷基三甲基季鏻氯盐、十六烷基三甲基吡啶溴盐或十四烷基三甲基吡咯碘盐;
所述离子液体采用其水溶液。
上述的制备方法步骤2)中,所述离子液体与所述钨酸银的摩尔比为1:2。
上述的制备方法步骤2)中所述反应的时间为2~6h,具体可为4h、2~4h、4~6h或3~4h,反应的温度为室温。
上述的制备方法步骤2)中,所述洗涤采用乙醚或乙酸乙酯,所述干燥采用过夜真空干燥,干燥温度可为80~150℃,具体可为80℃。
本发明上述制备方法中,所述过滤、洗涤与干燥为常规操作。具体过滤为采用布氏漏斗或砂芯漏斗进行过滤,洗涤可以用乙醚或乙酸乙酯等溶剂,干燥是指80-150℃下过夜真空干燥。
本发明还提供了上述的制备方法制备得到的所述钨酸根离子液体。
本发明所述钨酸根离子液体应用于作为氧化降解反应的催化剂。
上述的应用中,所述氧化降解反应包括苯酚、卤代苯酚或硝基取代的苯酚催化氧化降解反应。
上述的应用中,所述卤代苯酚包括三氯苯酚、邻氯苯酚和溴代苯酚中的至少一种,所述溴代苯酚具体可为邻溴苯酚或对溴苯酚;
所述硝基取代的苯酚包括硝基苯酚或两个硝基取代的苯酚。
本发明进一步提供了一种采用上述钨酸根离子液体催化氧化降解苯酚和/或其衍生物的方法,包括以下步骤:将苯酚和/或其衍生物或含苯酚和/或其衍生物的废水与所述钨酸根离子液体、双氧水混合,进行氧化降解反应,即能使所述酚和/或其衍生物氧化降解。
上述的方法中,所述苯酚衍生物包括卤代苯酚或硝基取代的苯酚;所述卤代苯酚具体包括三氯苯酚、邻氯苯酚和溴代苯酚中的至少一种;所述硝基取代的苯酚具体包括硝基苯酚或两个硝基取代的苯酚;
所述含苯酚和/或其衍生物的废水中苯酚或其衍生物的浓度为0~80g·L-1,具体可为20g L-1、50g L-1、80g L-1或20~80g·L-1;
所述钨酸根离子液体与所述苯酚或其衍生物的摩尔比为1:1~30,具体可为1:30、1:20、1:15、1:10、1:1;
所述苯酚和/或其衍生物的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:1~10mL,具体可为1mmol:2mL、1mmol:3mL、1mmol:5mL、1mmol:10mL。
上述的方法中,所述氧化降解反应的温度为40℃~90℃,具体可为50℃、70℃、80℃或90℃;反应时间为4~20h,具体可为4h、8h、12h、18h、20h。
上述的方法中,所述方法中还包括在所述氧化降解反应过程中将气体产物用带热导池的气相色谱进行分析的步骤。
上述的方法中,所述方法中还包括在所述氧化降解反应结束后将反应后体系混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,以回收所述钨酸根离子液体的步骤。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明钨酸根离子液体具有氧化性和吸附性,可以将苯酚或其同系物吸附到离子液体周围,然后在钨酸根阴离子的催化下通过氧化剂双氧水将苯酚或其同系物完全氧化为气体和水。本发明有助于高浓度含酚废水的净化,反应后只有离子液体和水,通过减压蒸馏得到离子液体可以循环使用。
附图说明
图1为钨酸根十二烷基三甲基季铵盐的热重图;
图2为苯酚降解的气体产物分析结果;
图3为钨酸根离子液体的重复使用结果。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、
一种钨酸根离子液体的制备及其催化氧化降解苯酚的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)室温下将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合制得钨酸银,洗涤后在80℃下真空干燥4h。
2)步骤1)中的钨酸钠与硝酸银按照摩尔比1:1进行混合。
3)将步骤1)制备的钨酸银与十二烷基三甲基季铵溴盐水溶液按照钨酸银与十二烷基三甲基季铵溴盐摩尔比1:2进行混合,搅拌2h,过滤,浓缩后用乙醚洗涤三次,最后旋蒸并在80℃下过夜真空干燥可得钨酸根离子液体。其热重分析结果如图1所示。
4)选用50g L-1的苯酚水溶液作为反应物,十二烷基三甲基季铵钨酸盐与苯酚的摩尔比为1:20,苯酚的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:2mL,50℃下反应8小时。气体产物用气相色谱仪分析,结果如图2所示。从图2可以看到气体产物为二氧化碳、一氧化碳和极少量的氢气。
5)反应完,混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水。剩余的离子液体重复使用,按照步骤1-4进行反应。从图3中可以看出,本发明离子液体回收后使用4次,苯酚的降解效果依然可以保持很高。说明离子液体稳定性好可以循环使用。
实施例2、
一种钨酸根离子液体的制备及其催化氧化降解硝基苯酚的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)室温下将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合制得钨酸银,洗涤后在90℃下真空干燥4h。
2)步骤1)中的钨酸钠与硝酸银按照摩尔比1:2进行混合。
3)将步骤1)制备的钨酸银与癸烷基三甲基咪唑氯盐水溶液按照钨酸银与癸烷基三甲基咪唑氯盐摩尔比1:2进行混合,搅拌4h,过滤,浓缩后用乙醚洗涤三次,最后旋蒸并在100℃下过夜真空干燥可得钨酸根离子液体。
4)选用20g L-1的硝基苯酚水溶液作为反应物,癸烷基三甲基季咪唑钨酸盐与苯酚的摩尔比为1:30,硝基苯酚的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:3mL,90℃下反应4小时。最终硝基苯酚被降解为气体和水,与实施例1中结果相同。
5)反应完,混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,离子液体可以被回收以备下次使用。
实施例3、
一种钨酸根离子液体的制备及其催化氧化降解三氯苯酚的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)室温下将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合制得钨酸银,洗涤后在60℃下真空干燥4h。
2)步骤1)中的钨酸钠与硝酸银按照摩尔比1:1进行混合。
3)将步骤1)制备的钨酸银与十六烷基三甲基季鏻氯盐水溶液按照钨酸银与十六烷基三甲基季鏻氯盐摩尔比1:2进行混合,搅拌6h,过滤,浓缩后用乙醚洗涤三次,最后旋蒸并在110℃下过夜真空干燥可得钨酸根离子液体。
4)选用80g L-1的三氯苯酚水溶液作为反应物,十六烷基三甲基季鏻钨酸盐与苯酚的摩尔比为1:15,三氯苯酚的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:5mL,90℃下反应8小时。气体产物用气相色谱仪分析,三氯苯酚结果与实施例1相同。
5)反应完,混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,离子液体可以被回收以备下次使用。
实施例4、
一种钨酸根离子液体的制备及其催化氧化降解邻氯苯酚的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)室温下将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合制得钨酸银,洗涤后在60℃下真空干燥4h。
2)步骤1)中的钨酸钠与硝酸银按照摩尔比1:1进行混合。
3)将步骤1)制备的钨酸银与十六烷基三甲基吡啶溴盐水溶液按照钨酸银与十六烷基三甲基吡啶溴盐摩尔比1:2进行混合,搅拌4h,过滤,浓缩后用乙醚洗涤三次,最后旋蒸并在80℃下过夜真空干燥可得钨酸根离子液体。
4)选用60g L-1的邻氯苯酚水溶液作为反应物,十六烷基三甲基吡啶钨酸盐与苯酚的摩尔比为1:10,邻氯苯酚的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:8mL,80℃下反应12小时。气体产物用气相色谱仪分析,液体产物用1.5mL乙醚萃取通过气相色谱-质谱仪联用进行分析。结果与实施例1相同。
5)反应完,混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,离子液体可以被回收以备下次使用。
实施例5、
一种钨酸根离子液体的制备及其催化氧化降解邻溴苯酚的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)室温下将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合制得钨酸银,洗涤后在60℃下真空干燥4h。
2)步骤1)中的钨酸钠与硝酸银按照摩尔比1:1进行混合。
3)将步骤1)制备的钨酸银与十四烷基三甲基吡咯碘盐按照钨酸银与十四烷基三甲基吡咯碘盐摩尔比1:2进行混合,搅拌4h,过滤,浓缩后用乙醚洗涤三次,最后旋蒸并在80℃下过夜真空干燥可得钨酸根离子液体。
4)选用80g L-1的二溴苯酚水溶液作为反应物,十四烷基三甲基吡咯钨酸盐与苯酚的摩尔比为1:1,二溴苯酚的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:2mL,70℃下反应18小时。气体产物用气相色谱仪分析,液体产物用1.5mL乙醚萃取通过气相色谱-质谱仪联用进行分析。结果与实施例1相同。
5)反应完,混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,离子液体可以被回收以备下次使用。
Claims (10)
1.一种钨酸根离子液体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)将钨酸钠与硝酸银水溶液混合反应,得到钨酸银;
2)将所述钨酸银与离子液体混合反应,反应结束过滤,得到滤液浓缩、洗涤、干燥,即得钨酸根离子液体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述钨酸钠为含结晶水或不带结晶水的钨酸钠;
步骤1)中,所述钨酸钠与硝酸银的摩尔比为1:0.5~5;
步骤1)中所述反应还包括将反应结束后过滤沉淀并对其进行洗涤,然后进行干燥的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述离子液体中卤阴离子选自氯离子、溴离子和碘离子中的至少一种;
所述离子液体中阳离子选自带有长链取代基的如下基团中的至少一种:咪唑、吡啶、季铵、季鏻、吡咯和哌啶;所述长链取代基为碳数10~20的烷基或烯基。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述离子液体与所述钨酸银的摩尔比为1:2;
步骤2)中所述反应的时间为2~6h,反应的温度为室温;
步骤2)中,所述洗涤采用乙醚或乙酸乙酯,所述干燥采用过夜真空干燥,干燥温度为80~150℃。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的所述钨酸根离子液体。
6.权利要求5所述钨酸根离子液体作为氧化降解反应的催化剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述氧化降解反应包括苯酚、卤代苯酚或硝基取代的苯酚催化氧化降解反应;
所述卤代苯酚具体包括三氯苯酚、邻氯苯酚和溴代苯酚中的至少一种;
所述硝基取代的苯酚具体包括硝基苯酚或两个硝基取代的苯酚。
8.一种采用权利要求5所述钨酸根离子液体催化氧化降解苯酚和/或其衍生物的方法,包括以下步骤:将苯酚和/或其衍生物或含苯酚和/或其衍生物的废水与所述钨酸根离子液体、双氧水混合,进行氧化降解反应,即能使所述酚和/或其衍生物氧化降解。
9.根据权利8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述苯酚衍生物包括卤代苯酚或硝基取代的苯酚;所述卤代苯酚具体包括三氯苯酚、邻氯苯酚和溴代苯酚中的至少一种;所述硝基取代的苯酚具体包括硝基苯酚或两个硝基取代的苯酚;
所述含苯酚和/或其衍生物的废水中苯酚或其衍生物的浓度为0~80g·L-1;
所述钨酸根离子液体与所述苯酚和/或其衍生物的摩尔比为1:1~30;
所述苯酚和/或其衍生物的摩尔量与所述双氧水的体积比为1mmol:1~10mL。
10.根据权利8或9所述的方法,其特征在于:所述氧化降解反应的温度为40℃~90℃;反应时间为4~20h;
所述方法中还包括在所述氧化降解反应过程中将气体产物用带热导池的气相色谱进行分析的步骤;
所述方法中还包括在所述氧化降解反应结束后将反应后体系混合物采用减压蒸馏去除体系中的水,以回收所述钨酸根离子液体的步骤。
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