CN114810175B - A honeycomb-like energy-absorbing and pressure-absorbing anchor rod/anchor cable and a method for implementing the same - Google Patents
A honeycomb-like energy-absorbing and pressure-absorbing anchor rod/anchor cable and a method for implementing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114810175B CN114810175B CN202210583964.8A CN202210583964A CN114810175B CN 114810175 B CN114810175 B CN 114810175B CN 202210583964 A CN202210583964 A CN 202210583964A CN 114810175 B CN114810175 B CN 114810175B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种类蜂巢状吸能让压锚杆/锚索及其实现方法，它包括锚杆/锚索本体和紧固/锁紧装置，所述的锚杆/锚索本体，由两端的实心螺纹圆柱杆体段/钢绞线段和中间的受力变形协调段组成；所述的中间受力变形协调段为类蜂巢状圆柱杆体，所述的类蜂巢状圆柱指的是从柱体表面和柱体断面看，都是互通的菱形网格体。当围岩产生离层或错动时，围岩对锚杆/锚索产生较大的拉应力或剪切力，菱形孔发生横向或径向塑性变形来储存一部分应变能，从而起到吸收能量的作用实现让压。本发明不但实现锚杆变形与围岩变形动态协调一致，而且能保持整体支护结构的稳定性，而不至于在某些局部位置产生应力集中导致锚杆/锚索断裂。
The present invention discloses a honeycomb-like absorbing and yielding anchor rod/anchor cable and a method for realizing the same, which includes an anchor rod/anchor cable body and a fastening/locking device. The anchor rod/anchor cable body is composed of solid threaded cylindrical rod sections/steel strand sections at both ends and a stress-deformation coordination section in the middle; the middle stress-deformation coordination section is a honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body, and the honeycomb-like cylinder refers to an interconnected diamond grid body viewed from the surface and cross section of the column. When the surrounding rock is delaminated or dislocated, the surrounding rock generates a large tensile stress or shear force on the anchor rod/anchor cable, and the diamond-shaped hole undergoes transverse or radial plastic deformation to store a portion of the strain energy, thereby absorbing energy and achieving yielding. The present invention not only achieves dynamic coordination between the deformation of the anchor rod and the deformation of the surrounding rock, but also maintains the stability of the overall support structure, so as not to cause stress concentration in certain local locations to cause the anchor rod/anchor cable to break.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mine safety, relates to roadway or tunnel supporting equipment, in particular to an energy-absorbing and pressure-yielding anchor rod or anchor cable, and belongs to end anchor supporting equipment.
Background
With the application of large-scale, high-efficiency, automatic and intelligent mining equipment, shallow coal resources of most mining areas (Jixi, kai Luan, zaozhuang, jining, xuzhou, huainan and the like) in the eastern part are nearly exhausted, and the mining depth gradually extends to the deep part. After deep mining, dynamic disasters such as high ground stress and high mining stress affect the deep roadway, rock burst and the like frequently occur. According to incomplete statistics, more than 80% of rock burst accidents occur in a stope, and rock burst prevention and control of the stope becomes a key of surrounding rock control. The rock burst roadway anti-impact support is used as the last barrier for rock burst protection, at present, anchor rods (cables) are used as basic supports and are used in combination with shotcrete, metal supports, struts, grouting, filling, arch laying, pressure relief and the like, and the anchor rod support plays an important bearing role in the whole support system and is the basis of the whole support system. In recent years, high-strength deformed steel anchor rods are often adopted as basic supports for rock burst roadways, but due to the problems of low elongation, limited energy absorption capacity, poor coordinated deformation capacity with surrounding rock and the like, the rod bodies are often subjected to stretching and shearing damage under the combined action of dynamic and static load, so that the whole anchoring system is gradually failed. The essence of the anchor rod pulling and shearing damage is that the anchor rod is broken and failed due to the fact that the anchor rod and surrounding rock are deformed in an uncoordinated mode, so that the dynamic coordination and consistency of the anchor rod deformation and the surrounding rock deformation are guaranteed, and the anchor rod deformation and the surrounding rock deformation become one of the problems to be solved in a deep rock burst roadway.
To the above-mentioned problem, many novel anchor rods have been developed in the prior art to solve anchor rod and the inconsistent problem of surrounding rock deformation, for example:
(1) Chinese patent publication No. CN105909288a discloses an anti-explosion wave-absorbing energy-consuming anchor rod, the anchor rod can absorb stress wave generated by rock mass change through a wave-absorbing damper, and the damper can inhibit surrounding rock from breaking after rock mass excavation unloading, inhibit tensile failure in the rock mass, and can also enhance surrounding rock strength to a certain extent after applying pretightening force through absorbing stress and cracking energy in the rock explosion inoculation process. However, the invention does not consider that the damage of the anchor rod under the shearing stress is one of the main reasons of the failure of the roadway anchor rod, and the annular coordinated deformation of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock cannot be realized.
(2) The invention discloses a multistage anchoring automatic yielding anchor rod and an anchoring method, wherein the multistage anchoring anchor rod can disperse load, increase anchoring force and shearing resistance, and can automatically yield when the local deformation of the anchor rod is over-limit, so as to prevent stress concentration at an anchoring position, thereby preventing anchoring failure or anchor rod stretch-breaking and adapting to local large deformation of surrounding rock. The invention adopts a multi-section anchoring mode to disperse load, increase anchoring force and shear capacity, but when the dislocation of surrounding rock occurs in an anchoring section, effective countermeasures are not proposed, and the invention considers the axial tensile yielding and does not fully consider the circumferential shearing yielding.
(3) Chinese patent publication No. CN113217055A discloses a sectional energy-absorbing anchor rod cable adapted to deformation of rock mass of block system, and the invention makes full use of tensile property of the anchor rod and shearing resistance property of the anchor cable to resist uncoordinated large deformation of rock mass. Although the invention considers the damage of the anchor rod under the shearing stress, the control of surrounding rock is the combined action of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, and the shearing resistance and the transverse elongation of the anchor rod are not obviously improved.
(4) Chinese patent publication No. CN107227967a discloses a constant-resistance large-deformation yielding anchor rod or anchor cable, and the anchor rod or anchor cable device can sequentially segment the constant-resistance yielding, so that the overall strength of the anchor rod or anchor cable is protected, and the deformation displacement distance is large. The invention fully considers the tensile strength of the anchor rod (cable) and realizes the grading yielding effect. But it does not take into account that the breaking of the field bolt is a combined effect of tensile and shear stresses. The hollow cavity and the oil cavity can bring a certain degree of complexity to the construction of the anchor rod hole, and the problem that the hollow cavity and the oil cavity are easy to damage due to the fact that the hollow cavity and the oil cavity cannot be pressed when surrounding rock is subjected to shear deformation is difficult to avoid.
It can be seen from the above publications that the prior art focuses more on the axial load bearing capacity of the anchor or anchor cable, ignoring the shear capacity of the anchor or anchor cable. For underground engineering under complex geological conditions such as large burial depth, high ground stress and the like, when weaker structural surfaces exist in surrounding rocks, mutual dislocation of rock bodies on two sides of the structural surfaces can enable anchor rods or anchor cables penetrating through the structural surfaces to bear larger shearing force, and at the moment, the anchor rods or the anchor cables are easy to shear and break to lose the control capability of stabilizing the surrounding rocks, even the whole supporting system is induced to fail, and the safety production of coal mines is seriously threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the coordinated deformation capacity of the anchor rod or the anchor cable and surrounding rock in the supporting process, the invention provides a honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod/anchor cable.
The invention provides a realization method of the honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod/anchor cable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod/anchor cable comprises an anchor rod/anchor cable body and a fastening/locking device, and is characterized in that the anchor rod/anchor cable body consists of solid threaded cylindrical rod body sections/steel twisted rod sections at two ends and a middle stress deformation coordination section, wherein the middle stress deformation coordination section is a honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body, honeycomb-like cylinders are rhombic grid bodies which are communicated with each other as seen from the surface of a cylinder and the section of the cylinder, and the two ends are anchor rod anchoring sections and exposed sections.
Further, the middle stress deformation coordination section and the solid threaded cylindrical rod body sections/steel strand sections at the two ends are welded into a whole.
Further, the welding mode includes but is not limited to thermite welding and high-strength aluminum alloy welding, and other welding strength can meet the support requirement.
Furthermore, the middle stress deformation coordination section and the solid threaded cylindrical rod body sections at the two ends are cast into a whole, and the casting is preferably recommended to the existing wax film casting method (also called melt film precision casting method).
Furthermore, the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body is preferably made of high-elasticity steel.
The method for realizing energy absorption and compression by using the honeycomb-like energy absorption and compression anchor rod/anchor cable is described in detail below.
Firstly, drilling holes in surrounding rock to be supported according to construction requirements, installing honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rods/anchor cables in the drilled holes, bonding anchor rod anchoring sections and the surrounding rock into a whole by using an anchoring agent, fastening exposed anchor rod sections by using tray nuts or locking by using a locking device, and applying certain prestress to the anchor rods/anchor cables;
When the surrounding rock generates a separation layer, the surrounding rock generates larger tensile stress on the anchor rod/anchor cable, the anchor rod/anchor cable rod body generates axial displacement along with the deformation of the surrounding rock due to larger axial force, the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body is stretched due to the fact that the diameter of the tensile force rod body is smaller, and part of strain energy is stored through plastic deformation of the diamond-like holes, so that the effect of absorbing energy is achieved, the yielding energy absorption of the tensile stress is realized on the basis of not losing supporting capacity, and the axial coordinated deformation effect of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock is achieved;
(2) When the surrounding rock is staggered, the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body is radially sheared, the inner diamond holes of the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body radially deform, and part of strain energy is stored through the radial plastic deformation of the diamond holes, so that the effect of absorbing energy is achieved, the yielding of shearing stress is realized, and the radial coordinated deformation effect of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock is achieved.
The honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod (cable) provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. The honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod (rope) has the advantages that the diameter of the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body is reduced when the rod body is pulled, the diamond-shaped holes are stretched to realize yielding to tensile stress, and yielding to shear stress can be realized through radial deformation of the diamond-shaped holes when the rod body is sheared, so that dynamic coordination and consistency between anchor rod deformation and surrounding rock deformation can be realized through plastic deformation of the diamond-shaped holes.
2. The honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod (rope) is characterized in that the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body is entirely formed by a plurality of diamond holes, and when bearing dynamic load disturbance in different directions, the honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod is more timely in self-adaptive deformation adjustment compared with the traditional yielding anchor rod.
3. The honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod (cable) can allow the surrounding rock and the supporting structure to generate certain displacement so as to release part of energy accumulated during the surrounding rock pressure and dynamic load action, thereby playing a role in energy absorption yielding.
For a long time, when designing anchor rods or anchor cable structures, it has been difficult for those skilled in the art to balance the contradiction between the deformability of the anchor rods or anchor cables and the stability of the supporting structure. The diamond structure is characterized by instability, is easily disturbed by the outside and deforms to give an unsafe feeling, and the anchor rod or the anchor cable is used for safety support. The inventor breaks the convention, utilizes the instability characteristic of the diamond structure to make a honeycomb-like diamond lattice mechanism, and compared with the diamond structure, the equivalent rigidity of the diamond lattice mechanism is smaller, so that even deformation is easier to generate under external load, the dynamic coordination and consistency of the deformation of the anchor rod and the deformation of surrounding rock are realized, the stability of the whole supporting structure can be maintained, the anchor rod/anchor cable is not broken due to stress concentration at certain local positions, the technical problem in the field is solved, the method has outstanding substantive characteristics and obvious progress, and the creativity specified in the section 3 of the patent law is met.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced, and the drawings in the following description are only schematic illustrations of one embodiment of the present invention, and other similar drawings can be obtained according to these drawings by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a honeycomb-like energy absorbing yielding anchor rod provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of section A-A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of tensile deformation of a rod body;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a sheared version of a rod body.
In the figure, 1-anchoring agent, 2-anchoring section solid threaded cylindrical rod body, 3-anchor rod hole, 4-honeycomb cylindrical rod body, 5-tray, 6-gasket, 7-nut, 8-exposed section solid threaded cylindrical rod body and 9-surrounding rock.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure and working principles of the invention.
Example one, an anchor rod is taken as an example
The honeycomb-like energy absorbing yield anchor shown in fig. 1 comprises an anchor body and fastening means using a tray 5, washers 6 and nuts 7 commonly used in the art. The anchor rod body consists of three sections, namely an anchor section solid threaded cylindrical rod body 2, an exposed section solid threaded cylindrical rod body 8 and a middle stress deformation coordination section, which form a cylinder with equal diameter, for convenience of description, wherein the middle stress deformation coordination section is a honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 and belongs to a three-dimensional net structure. The tray 5 in the first embodiment is preferably a dome-shaped tray.
As seen in combination with the appearance of FIG. 1 and the sectional view of FIG. 2, the honeycomb-like structure is a rhombic lattice structure which is formed by the intercommunicated rhombic lattice bodies, both from the surface of the column body and from the section of the column body.
Example II, an anchor rope is taken as an example
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that two ends of the anchor cable are cylinders formed by steel strands, and the exposed section of the anchor cable is locked by adopting a special lock. The locks are common components in the art and will not be described in detail here.
The anchor rod or cable body material of the present invention is preferably a high spring steel, such as 60Si2MnA spring steel.
The honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 is cast by adopting a wax film precision casting process which is popular at present. The honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 and the other two sections can be welded into a whole by adopting thermite welding or high-strength aluminum alloy, so long as the welding strength meets the support requirement. When the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 is used for an anchor rod, the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 and the other two sections can be cast into a whole at one time by adopting a wax film precision casting process, and the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 does not need to be cast separately in advance.
The honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod overall installation method is not different from that of a common anchor rod, and the construction difficulty is not increased by a special construction process on the installation method and the installation procedure. The concrete installation process will be described below by taking an anchor rod as an example.
Firstly, drilling an anchor rod hole 3 on surrounding rock to be supported according to design requirements, then conveying an anchoring agent 1 to the hole opening of the anchor rod hole 3, then slowly pushing the anchoring agent 1 to the hole bottom of the anchor rod hole 3 by using the anchor rod, wherein the exposed section solid threaded cylindrical rod body 8 is exposed for 15-20 cm, finally, using a pneumatic anchor rod drilling machine to connect the exposed section solid threaded cylindrical rod body 8 to drive the anchor rod to drill, driving the anchor section solid threaded cylindrical rod body 2 to fully stir the anchoring agent 1, stirring for 1min, and removing the pneumatic anchor rod drilling machine after stirring is finished, wherein the installation of the anchor rod body is finished.
And secondly, fastening components such as the tray 5, the gasket 6, the nut 7 and the like are arranged on the free section solid thread cylindrical rod body 8, and a torque wrench is used for exerting pretightening force. At this time, the whole honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod is installed, and the installed state is shown in fig. 1-2.
The energy-absorbing and pressure-releasing method of the honeycomb-like energy-absorbing and pressure-releasing anchor rod of the invention is described below by taking a roof support as an example.
Considering that the failure of the on-site anchor rod is mainly caused by roof separation or dislocation, the invention can realize the cooperation of tensile stress and shearing stress generated by roof separation or dislocation to a certain extent. The principle of coordinated deformation yielding and energy absorption of the invention is as follows:
(1) In tension (shown in figure 3). When the roof moves to generate the separation layer, the surrounding rock 9 generates larger tensile stress to the anchor rod, when the surrounding rock moves to generate the separation layer, the surrounding rock generates larger tensile stress to the anchor rod, along with the deformation of the surrounding rock, when the tension of the surrounding rock is larger than the initial prestress of the anchor rod, the anchor rod body is subjected to larger axial force to generate axial displacement, at the moment, the diameter of the rod body is reduced when the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 is pulled, the diamond holes are stretched to generate plastic deformation, the yielding energy absorption of the tensile stress is realized on the basis of not losing the supporting capacity, and the axial coordinated deformation effect of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock is achieved.
(2) A sheared state (shown in fig. 4). After the anchor rod is installed, when the surrounding rock 9 is staggered, when the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 is radially sheared, the radial deformation of the diamond-shaped holes inside the honeycomb-like cylindrical rod body 4 realizes the yielding of shearing stress, and the radial coordinated deformation effect of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock is achieved.
In a word, the honeycomb-like energy-absorbing yielding anchor rod is used for storing a part of strain energy through plastic deformation of diamond holes, so that the effect of absorbing energy and realizing yielding is achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that the innovation point of the invention is mainly that the anchor rod/anchor cable free section honeycomb structure and the energy absorption and pressure release method thereof are not focused on the installation method and the whole manufacturing method. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN202210583964.8A CN114810175B (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2022-05-27 | A honeycomb-like energy-absorbing and pressure-absorbing anchor rod/anchor cable and a method for implementing the same |
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| CN202210583964.8A CN114810175B (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2022-05-27 | A honeycomb-like energy-absorbing and pressure-absorbing anchor rod/anchor cable and a method for implementing the same |
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| CN116733515B (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2025-12-12 | 中国矿业大学 | A self-adjusting anti-shear pressure anchor bolt device and its application method |
| CN119777978B (en) * | 2025-01-20 | 2025-09-26 | 太原理工大学 | Fixed-point yielding support anchor rod cable and roadway fixed-point yielding support method |
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| CN112879057A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-01 | 北京科技大学 | Omnidirectional annular pressure negative expansion anchor rod device and enhanced anchoring method |
| CN215562340U (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-01-18 | 浙江通衢水电建设有限公司 | Water conservancy slope protection net fixing device convenient to installation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE29520787U1 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-04-11 | Illinois Tool Works Inc., Glenview, Ill. | Air damper assembly |
| CN201206247Y (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-03-11 | 宜兴市鑫泰土工材料有限公司 | Stereoscopic earth work grille |
| CN101942888B (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-06-27 | 范雯丽 | Plastic stretched rhombic netlike structural material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN203960858U (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-11-26 | 洛阳工岩科技有限公司 | Two dimension prestressing hollow bolt |
| CN206693359U (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-12-01 | 宏祥新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of sponge honeycomb reinforcement system |
| CN208024069U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-10-30 | 图瓦斯（上海）安全系统有限公司 | A kind of safe fence of anti-vertical pressure |
| DE102018125782A1 (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-23 | Geobrugg Ag | Fastening and / or connecting device, use of the fastening and / or connecting device, manufacturing device for producing the fastening and / or connecting device, method for producing the fastening and / or connecting device, and rock anchor and method for assembling the rock anchor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN215562340U (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-01-18 | 浙江通衢水电建设有限公司 | Water conservancy slope protection net fixing device convenient to installation |
| CN112879057A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-01 | 北京科技大学 | Omnidirectional annular pressure negative expansion anchor rod device and enhanced anchoring method |
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