CN1148178A - Method and element for polarising the light beam of compounded double refracting and diffracting light - Google Patents
Method and element for polarising the light beam of compounded double refracting and diffracting light Download PDFInfo
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- CN1148178A CN1148178A CN 95101286 CN95101286A CN1148178A CN 1148178 A CN1148178 A CN 1148178A CN 95101286 CN95101286 CN 95101286 CN 95101286 A CN95101286 A CN 95101286A CN 1148178 A CN1148178 A CN 1148178A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for making light-beam (including visible, infra-red and ultraviolet light-beam) polarize or polarize split beam under the action of birefringence, diffraction and interference combination by means of a fine-small diffraction structure on the surface of optical birefringence substrate. Said device is high in extinction ratio and transmittance, large in limiting aperture and good in beam splitting angle and resistance to light damage. Said device can be made up in the form of thin sheet, or into any arbitrarily required shape, and its weight is light, cost is low, so that it possesses good practical property.
Description
The invention belongs to a kind of polarizing device that makes the method for light beam (comprising visible, an infrared and ultraviolet band) polarizing or an inclined to one side beam splitting and implement this method.
Polarization light technology is the important branch of optical technology, and its application has been penetrated into the every field relevant with optical technology, and the method and the relevant polarizing device of generation polarized light are the bases of polarization light technology.
The method of existing generation polarized light and relevant polarizing device mainly contain following four classes [1]: 1, utilize birefringence effect to play partially or rise the prism polarizer and the beam splitter of inclined to one side beam splitting.2, utilize the dichroic characteristic to play the inclined to one side dichroic polarizer.3, utilize diffraction effect to play the inclined to one side wire-grid polarizers and the grating polarizer.4, utilize the Brewster angle reflection characteristic to play the inclined to one side non-normal incidence polarizer.
Utilize birefringence effect partially or to play an inclined to one side beam splitting generally be to realize with prism polarizer or beam splitter, it has fabulous extinction ratio and transmittance performance, the light beam degree of polarization height that also promptly utilizes this method and produced, the luminous energy loss is little, but need use big three-dimensional dimension, the uniform birefringece crystal of optical property owing to make prism, otherwise clear aperature and o, e beam separation angle are restricted more, so involve great expense, volume, weight is also bigger; Utilize the dichroic characteristic to play the inclined to one side dichroic polarizer, has laminar profile, its logical light area (being the aperture) is big, can be used for Vernonia parishii Hook angle light beam, and it is in light weight, cost is low, easily be processed into any desired profile, use is the most extensive in practice, but because this method is based on the principle that one of polarized component is absorbed, this is to make its efficiency of light energy utilization not high, promptly can not play inclined to one side beam splitting, the 2nd, make the optic damage threshold value of its device low, in addition this method extinction ratio, transmittance performance are bad, can't be applicable to the high request occasion; The principle of wire-grid polarizers is when incident wavelength during much larger than the interval of wiregrating, polarized component perpendicular to wiregrating sees through, be parallel to the component reflection of wiregrating and rise inclined to one side, because incident wavelength will just have comparatively ideal extinction ratio at interval much larger than wiregrating, and it is extremely difficult at present to make so closely-spaced wiregrating, and this makes this method can not practical application except that infrared band; The principle of the grating type diffraction polarizer then is to utilize in its diffraction light, polarization parallel has different reflectivity with component perpendicular to the cutting direction, but this effect is faint for general (comprising the type that glitters) grating, also be difficult to satisfy practical requirement for its extinction ratio of echelette grating, so there is not practical application basically.
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind ofly to utilize birefringence (or adding total reflection), diffraction, interference compound action and make the light beam polarizing or play the method for inclined to one side beam splitting and implement a class polarizing device of this method.This method and device are compared with existing method and device, have the extinction ratio height, the transmittance height, clear aperature is big, the beam separation angle is big, the photodamage resistant performance is good, and it is laminar that device is, in light weight, be easy to be processed into any desired profile, therefore can adopt the moulding replication explained hereafter, make cheaply, good practical prospect is arranged.
The present invention is achieved in that
Employing has the optical material of birefringence, birefringece crystal for example, birefringence optics plastics etc. are done the sheet base, surface at the sheet base, through suitable processing technology, mechanical scratching [2] for example, photoelectricity etching [3], moulding replication [4] etc. is made and the similar periodic structure of diffraction grating, the grating structure that glares for example shown in Figure 1 is when incident light has the interface of periodic structure by this, because two orthogonal polarized components refractive index difference in the birefringent plate base, the optical path difference of its adjacent ray is also just different, again through diffraction, interference effect, the principal maximum direction of the synthetic light beam of its different polarization component is just different, thereby reach two polarized components being separated in the space, also is the purpose of polarizing or polarization beam splitting.
For example for structure shown in Figure 1 (1 is birefringent medium among the figure, the 2nd, the outer medium of sheet base), establish its cycle and be d (among the figure 3), two adjacent parallel rays 7-8 and 9-10 optical path difference Δ after by the interface is
N is the refractive index of sheet base medium in Δ=ndsin θ n ' dsin θ (1) formula, and for the o light (being ordinary light) of one of polarized component, its refractive index is n
o, for another polarized component e light (being non-ordinary light), its refractive index is n
e, n ' is outer non-birefringent medium, for example refractive index of air of sheet base, θ is angle of incidence of light (among the figure 4), θ ' is emergence angle (among the figure 5), and "-" number expression incident ray and emergent ray are at the heteropleural of grating macroscopic view plane normal in the formula, and "+" number then is illustrated in homonymy.The maximum value condition of beam interference is
Δ=m λ (m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 ...) (2) (1) combines with (2) formula, promptly gets grating equation
(m=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3,) (3) by (3) formula as can be known, after incident light passes through the interface with incident angle θ, o light polarization component in the incident light is different owing to its corresponding refractive index with the e light component, its identical order of interference has different emergence angle θ ' m, thereby can be with two polarized components in the outgoing space separately, and the while is owing to blazed grating can focus on outgoing luminous energy on certain single grade time, thereby can pass through the appropriate design of the structural parameters of grating, it is inferior to eliminate other level, makes outgoing o light and e light only keep 1 grade, rises partially or the beam splitting purpose thereby reach the polarization with High Extinction Ratio and transmittance.
The present invention can also realize like this for the grating structure that glares shown in Figure 1:
Because periodically inclined ramp has certain blaze angle alpha (among Fig. 1 6), and the o light in the incident light is different because of refractive index in the sheet base with the e light component, have the different angles of total reflection during by the dip plane, polarized component refraction sees through so utilization makes wherein, and the method for another component total reflection also can play inclined to one side beam splitting, and this very easy appropriate combination by blaze angle alpha and λ firing angle θ realizes.For example for n
oGreater than n
eThe dieelctric sheet base, its o light total reflection angle i
CoLess than e light total reflection angle i
Ce, (i=θ+α) dip plane is incided at the angle, so select angle i, makes i because incident light is with i
Co＜i＜i
CeThe time, the o light total reflection, and the e anaclasis sees through the interface, thus can polarizing.
Above-mentioned periodic structure can be produced on the surface of device sheet base (another side is made into optical flat or curved surface), also can be produced on two relative surfaces, and the architectural feature on two surfaces can be identical, also can be different.In addition, also can be with two or more above-mentioned monolithic base device appropriate combination that made, and make the combined device of multi-disc, thus obtain better to rise inclined to one side beam splitting performance, for example enlarge the outgoing angle of departure of o light and e light etc.Alternative is done the sheet base with the birefringent medium with suitable transmitance, can make and be applicable to the above-mentioned type device visible, infrared, ultraviolet band.
The present invention compares with polarizing device with existing several polarizing methods, has following comprehensive advantage:
1, has good extinction ratio performance, because said method and device can separate o in the incident light and e light in the space fully, and o light and e light also are that ordinary light and non-ordinary light all are the extremely pure light beams of polarization properties, thereby the light beam polarization degree of its output is very high.
2, has good transmittance performance, said method and device are based on a kind of transmission-type or transmission, the principle of work of total reflection convolution, its device needs only selected plate substrate material itself and absorbs little, add such device shape (stating as follows) that can fry batter in a thin layer, so the total absorption loss of device is very little, especially said method and device can play inclined to one side beam splitting, all become the light beam outgoing thereby incident optical energy is similar to.
3, very big beam separation angle can be arranged, because of the foundation said method, the outgoing angle of departure of the different polarization component of its device can change by the design of periodic structure parameter, so means are flexible, it is big to separate potentiality, for example for a component transmission, a component total-reflection type structure, its angle of departure can near or greater than 90 °.
4, good photo-damage resistance is arranged, because of said method based on a kind of non-absorption working method, as mentioned above, incident optical energy is close to whole outgoing, as long as its device is selected the little medium of absorption itself for use, just can have very high optic damage threshold value.
5, its device can be processed into laminar profile, volume is little, in light weight, because of above-mentioned device is a kind of and the similar device of plane grating, its have periodic structure the surface fluctuating highly only with the same magnitude of optical wavelength (or to much one, two magnitudes), the thickness of its sheet base also only need have enough mechanics physical strengths to get final product, so that device can be done is very thin.
6, the device cost is low, the shape because its device can fry batter in a thin layer, so can save material significantly, optical homogeneity to the plate substrate material requires to reduce in addition, because of only needing its optical property in very thin sheet base thickness range evenly to get final product, in addition if by technology batch makings such as moulding replications, then more can reduce manufacturing cost greatly with birefringence optics plastics (for example cellophane has prestressed saran tracing paper [5] etc.).
7, the logical light area (or aperture) of device is big, when especially adopting optical plastic to do the sheet base, easily makes the logical very big device of light area.
8, device easily is processed into any desired profile, the especially device to producing through moulding replication technology.When the sheet base was optical plastic, firmness was also good than crystal prism class or wire grating class (tinsel is very thin) device.
In sum, a light beam polarizing that the present invention proposes or an inclined to one side beam-splitting method and device are compared with device with aforementioned existing several method, has basic substantive difference, wherein play folk prescription method and device with birefringence, it is tangible that dichroic plays the difference that folk prescription method and device and brewster angle incidence play folk prescription method and device, do not give unnecessary details herein, and play the folk prescription method with aforesaid diffraction grating (comprising blazed grating and echelon grating) and device also is that essence is different.
To play folk prescription method and device not merely be that manufacturing materials with blazed grating and echelon grating becomes birefringent material (although this change itself also is novel) because the present invention carried, and be based on diverse principle of work.
Before state, the principle of the existing grating polarizer is that the grating pair polarization parallel has different reflectivity with polarization orthogonal in the light beam of cutting direction in the cutting direction, and it is inclined to one side that light beam is risen, thereby its polarization direction of playing the polarisation bundle has the feature that is determined by the cutting direction, and can only be that part rises partially usually.
And method that the present invention carried and device, its principle of work is based on a kind of novel birefringence-diffraction-interference or the compound action of birefringence-total reflection-diffraction-interference, its polarization direction of playing the polarisation bundle is determined by the optical axis direction of birefringent medium, and can accomplish to rise fully partially.
Substantive of this inclined to one side beam splitting principle together, and method and device that the present invention is carried have above-mentioned some practical advantages, compared with prior art, have obvious improvement.
The present invention is done the description of further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and three embodiment.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 blazed grating type periodic structure interface synoptic diagram.
An embodiment of a Fig. 2 single face blazed grating of the present invention type polarizer or an inclined to one side beam splitter
Fig. 3 single face blazed grating of the present invention type plays another embodiment of inclined to one side beam splitter
An embodiment of Fig. 4 two combined polarizers of the present invention or an inclined to one side beam splitter
Fig. 2 is the single face blazed grating type polarizer of the present invention or an embodiment who plays inclined to one side beam splitter.11 is devices of being made by birefringent medium among the figure, and medium is negative single shaft class material, its o optical index n
oGreater than e optical index n
eBlazed grating shape periodic structure only is produced on one surface, cycle is d (among the figure 14), blazing angle is α (among the figure 15), another surface is an optical flat, medium optical axis and this plane parallel, vertical with the skewed slot direction of another side (promptly being parallel to direction shown in 16 among the figure), the outer medium of device is air (among the figure 12,13).
The o of outgoing, 0 grade of wide being approximately equal to of principal maximum half-angle of the monocline face diffraction of e light
Wherein λ is a light beam wavelength, L is monocline face width degree L=d/cos α, d, the selection of α value will make the wide angle of departure distance that is significantly less than between it of 0 grade of half-angle of o, e light (common, this requires the d value big, and the available maximum wavelength value substitution of considering that wave band is interior of λ value), will be not after the different like this polarized component outgoing can be overlapping (senior principal maximum of single slit diffraction is because of weak strength, and in fact decay does not have influence rapidly).
By grating equation formula (3) as can be known, from the light beam of interface outgoing that periodic structure is arranged because of multiple-beam interference can produce interference principal maximums at different levels, when 0 grade of principal maximum direction of the monocline face diffraction of above-mentioned o light is the direction of certain one-level principal maximum of multiple-beam interference again just, then on this direction, (being outgoing) will really appear in o light, obtain o light partially thereby rise, because 0 grade of principal maximum of monocline face diffraction always has certain width, and when grating cycle d is big, the angular separation of the principal maximums at different levels of multiple-beam interference is closeer again, so by to the design of the structural parameters of device and the coincidence of above-mentioned two directions of very easy realization, add that angle of incidence of light θ can finely tune, thereby also have the assisted calibration effect, realize not difficult in the historical facts or anecdotes border.For e light also with in like manner above-mentioned, thereby also can play inclined to one side acquisition e light.
Above-mentioned outgoing o, e light can distinguish separately and to obtain (this moment, another component was can not desirablely play inclined to one side form outgoing), and this moment, device can use as the light beam polarizer, also can obtain simultaneously, and device just became light beam and played inclined to one side beam splitter this moment.
Fig. 3 is another embodiment that single face blazed grating type of the present invention plays inclined to one side beam splitter, and 23 is devices among the figure, 24,25th, and the outer medium of device.Its plate substrate material, direction of optic axis, resemblance and identical (cycle d, blaze angle alpha occurrence difference) embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, but its principle of work is based on birefringence-total reflection-diffraction-interference complex method.
The o of present embodiment, e light beam be because angle of departure distance is big, so it is littler to fill the value of cycle d perhaps (among the figure 26), can make 0 grade of principal maximum width of monocline face diffraction become big like this, thus easier certain one-level principal maximum direction coincidence that makes itself and multiple-beam interference.
The advantage of present embodiment is o, and e beam separation angle is big, but incident light vertical devices incident in addition, thus use upward conveniently, but designs, making is had relatively high expectations, otherwise outgoing o optical transmission ratio and collimation can reduce.
For Fig. 2, the embodiment in 3, the optical axis direction of its sheet base medium can change into and plane parallel, the direction of also parallel with the skewed slot direction of another side (i.e. the drawing of vertical each figure), or even other suitable direction; Its sheet base medium can be used positive single shaft class birefringent material instead; Other has treated that polarisation Shu Kecong has the one side incident of periodic structure; And in order to improve its transmittance performance, can be (, careful at its inclined trough surface plated film for the embodiment of Fig. 3 at their surface (plane for example, curved surface or the surface of periodic structure is arranged) plating anti-reflection film! ); In addition, also can plate reflectance coating at a side surface of above-mentioned device, and constitute another kind of birefringence-reflection-diffraction-interference compound action formula device.
With two (or more than two) above-mentioned device appropriate combination, can be made into the combined polarizer of multi-disc of the present invention or play inclined to one side beam splitter, Fig. 4 promptly is an embodiment.32 and 33 is that two single face blazed grating types play inclined to one side beam splitter among the figure, both parallel and mutual inversions, their grating cycle is (among the figure 34,35) and blaze angle alpha (among the figure 36,37) identical, but the optical axis direction of its sheet base medium is vertical mutually, wherein the medium optical axis of beam splitter 1 is parallel to device plane, and be parallel to drawing, and the medium optical axis of beam splitter 2 is parallel to device plane, but perpendicular to drawing, medium (the liquid for example of suitable refractive index can be inserted in folded space in the middle of two pellet parts, colloid etc.), with total transmitance or the expansion o that increases device, the angle of departure of e light beam etc.
For each organizes two relative bevel phase, its structural attitude is equivalent to that a small Wollaston plays inclined to one side beam splitter prism [6] (but not fitting or glue together in two adjacent inclined-planes) so it plays inclined to one side beam splitting and can make o, the principle that the e light angle of departure increases is not carefully stated here, it should be noted that not only has birefringence now, and diffraction arranged, the compound action of interfering, so for satisfying diffraction maximum simultaneously and interfering great condition, need by above explanation that embodiment did and method for designing, determine that the best of device is made parameter relevant Fig. 2.
Obviously, the method for designing of this combined embodiment: even in the combined device, each assembled unit in its periodicity unitized construction, for example each among Fig. 4 is organized two relative bevel phase, the method that its structural attitude is equivalent to certain a small polarizing prism or an inclined to one side beam splitter prism is (adjacent inclined-plane can not fit or not glue together) that can analogize, because existing well-designed this type of polarizing of multiple process or an inclined to one side beam splitter prism [7] in the prior art, Nicol prism for example, Rochon prism, Glan prism etc., so available said method is made the combined polarizer and the polarization beam apparatus of a plurality of each tool different qualities, thereby obtain a series of novel polarizing device.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method that makes the light beam polarizing or play inclined to one side beam splitting, it is characterized in that with there being the optical material of birefringence to do the sheet base, can produce suitable diffraction and interference effect in its surface making, or can produce suitable diffraction and interference effect to one of polarized component, can produce total reflection and suitable diffraction to another polarized component, the structure that the tiny shape cycle of interference effect repeats, incident beam is in birefringence, diffraction and interference, or in birefringence, total reflection, under the compound action of diffraction and interference, the final synthetic direction of beam propagation difference of its different polarization component, thus make the light beam polarizing or play inclined to one side beam splitting.
2, implement the polarizing device of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that with (the birefringece crystal for example of the optical material with birefringence, birefringence optics plastics etc.) do the sheet base, adopt suitable processing technology (mechanical scratching for example on its surface, the photoelectricity etching, moulding replications etc.) making can produce above-mentioned suitable diffraction, interfere or total reflection, diffraction, the structure that the tiny shape cycle of interference effect repeats, this class formation can be produced on a surface (another side is made into optical flat or curved surface) of sheet base, also can be produced on two surfaces of sheet base.
3, polarizing device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the described shape that is made in its surperficial periodic structure is similar with the type grating that glitters, and according to required diffraction, interference or total reflection, diffraction, interference effect are determined the periodic quantity and the blazing angle value of this structure.
4, as claim 2 or 3 described polarizing devices, it is characterized in that and can constitute by the above-mentioned device of monolithic, also can form and form by two or the above-mentioned device of multi-disc.
5, polarizing device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that the combined device that is combined into by two or multi-disc for wherein, each assembled unit in its periodicity unitized construction, its structural attitude is identical with existing certain polarizing prism or an inclined to one side beam splitter prism, only size reduces, and adjacent inclined-plane can not fit or not glue together in addition.
6, as claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described polarizing devices, it is characterized in that can be on the plane of its logical light, curved surface and or the surface plating anti-reflection film of periodic structure arranged, and for by the synthetic combined device of two or multi-disc, also can be between its sheet the space be filled with the medium of suitable refractive index, for example liquid or colloid etc.
7, as claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described polarizing devices, it is characterized in that can be at a certain outer surface of its logical light, plane for example, and curved surface or the surface plating reflectance coating of periodic structure is arranged is made reflective device work.
8, as claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 described polarizing devices, it is characterized in that described device sheet base, with the wave band of using, for example visible or infrared or ultraviolet has good transmitance for it.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95101286 CN1148178A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1995-02-27 | Method and element for polarising the light beam of compounded double refracting and diffracting light |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95101286 CN1148178A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1995-02-27 | Method and element for polarising the light beam of compounded double refracting and diffracting light |
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| CN1148178A true CN1148178A (en) | 1997-04-23 |
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| CN 95101286 Pending CN1148178A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1995-02-27 | Method and element for polarising the light beam of compounded double refracting and diffracting light |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113205899A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | X-ray refraction blazed grating and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022161262A1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-04 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Microprism, camera module, and electronic device |
-
1995
- 1995-02-27 CN CN 95101286 patent/CN1148178A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022161262A1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-04 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Microprism, camera module, and electronic device |
| CN113205899A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | X-ray refraction blazed grating and preparation method thereof |
| CN113205899B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2023-02-28 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of X-ray refraction blazed grating and its preparation method |
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