CN114815401A - Light modulation device, display device and alignment method - Google Patents
Light modulation device, display device and alignment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114815401A CN114815401A CN202210507458.0A CN202210507458A CN114815401A CN 114815401 A CN114815401 A CN 114815401A CN 202210507458 A CN202210507458 A CN 202210507458A CN 114815401 A CN114815401 A CN 114815401A
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a dimming device, a display device and an alignment method, wherein the dimming device is provided with at least one first region and at least one second region which are alternately arranged along a first direction, the dimming device comprises a first alignment layer, a dimming liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer, and the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are both made of a first film layer formed by a first polymer with a side chain; the dimming liquid crystal layer comprises second polymers positioned in the first area, first liquid crystal molecules distributed among the second polymers, third polymers positioned in the second area and second liquid crystal molecules distributed among the third polymers; in the first region, the side chains of the first alignment layer and the side chains of the second alignment layer are arranged along a second direction; in the second region, the side chains of the first alignment layer and the side chains of the second alignment layer are arranged along the third direction. In this light control device, a two-domain structure of the first liquid crystal molecules and the second liquid crystal molecules can be formed without applying a voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a dimming device, a display device, and an alignment method.
Background
In the rapidly developing information age, people begin to pay more and more attention to the protection of personal information, and therefore, a display with a peep-proof function is developed, the display can only enable a user with a positive visual angle to have readability of display content, but enables observers on the side face to not see the display content, and the information privacy of the user is effectively protected.
At present, most of peep-proof assemblies are one peep-proof protective film, but the peep-proof protective film cannot automatically switch between peep-proof and normal display, and another display technology with peep-proof and switching is to design the display itself, for example, a special patterning design is performed on an electrode layer on a substrate, but in such a display, a voltage is often applied to liquid crystal molecules to maintain the peep-proof state or the normal display state of the display device, and the continuous application of the voltage can cause waste of energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a dimming device, a display device and an alignment method, wherein a double-domain structure of first liquid crystal molecules and second liquid crystal molecules can be formed without applying voltage in the dimming device, the double-domain structure has a self-compensation effect, the peep-proof effect is better achieved, and waste of energy is avoided.
The embodiment of the application provides a dimming device, which is provided with at least one first region and at least one second region which are alternately arranged along a first direction, wherein the first direction is vertical to the thickness direction of the dimming device, the dimming device comprises a first alignment layer, a dimming liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are both made of a first polymer with side chains;
the dimming liquid crystal layer comprises second polymers positioned in the first region, first liquid crystal molecules distributed among the second polymers, third polymers positioned in the second region and second liquid crystal molecules distributed among the third polymers;
in the first region, the side chain of the first polymer of the first alignment layer and the side chain of the first polymer of the second alignment layer are arranged along a second direction, so that the second polymer and the first liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the second direction;
in the second region, the side chains of the first polymer of the first alignment layer and the side chains of the first polymer of the second alignment layer are arranged along a third direction, so that the third polymer and the second liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the third direction, and the second direction is different from the third direction.
In some embodiments, the dimming device further comprises a substrate disposed on a side of the first alignment layer away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, and a PAA layer disposed between the substrate and the first alignment layer, the PAA layer configured to adhere the first alignment layer and the substrate.
In some embodiments, the side chain is an ester bond-containing side chain or an ether bond-containing side chain.
In some embodiments, the dimming device further comprises:
the first electrode layer is arranged on one side, away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, of the first alignment layer;
the second electrode layer is arranged on one side, far away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, of the second alignment layer;
when the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer apply a voltage to the dimming liquid crystal layer, long axes of at least a part of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed between the second polymers are switched in a fourth direction in the second direction setting direction, and long axes of at least a part of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymers are switched in a fifth direction in the third direction setting direction.
In some embodiments, when the dimming device is in the first display mode, the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer are arranged along the second direction, and the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymer are arranged along the third direction;
when the light modulation device is in a second display mode, long axes of at least a part of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer are arranged along the fourth direction, long axes of at least a part of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymer are arranged along the fifth direction, the fourth direction is different from the second direction and the third direction, the fifth direction is different from the second direction and the third direction, and a visual angle of the first display mode is smaller than a visual angle of the second display mode.
In some embodiments, the angle formed by the second direction or the third direction and the first alignment layer is 30 to 70 degrees.
In some embodiments, the second direction and the third direction are symmetrical about the thickness direction.
In some embodiments, the dimming device further includes a first polarizing layer disposed on a side of the first alignment layer away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing layer disposed on a side of the second alignment layer away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, an optical axis of the first polarizing layer being parallel to an optical axis of the second polarizing layer, the second direction being inclined with respect to a normal of the first polarizing layer, the third direction being inclined with respect to a normal of the first polarizing layer, and the second direction and the third direction being respectively directed to opposite sides of the normal of the first polarizing layer.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a display device, including:
a backlight assembly;
a display panel disposed on the backlight assembly;
the dimming device is arranged on one side of the display panel close to the backlight assembly or one side of the display panel far away from the backlight assembly.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an alignment method for forming the first alignment layer or the second alignment layer in the above-mentioned light modulation device, where the alignment method includes:
providing a substrate;
forming an alignment material layer on the substrate;
alternately dividing at least one first region and at least one second region along a first direction on the alignment material layer;
arranging a first exposure photomask on the first area, and illuminating the first area by adopting linearly polarized ultraviolet light to enable the side chains of the first polymer to be arranged along the second direction;
and arranging a second exposure light cover on the second area, and illuminating the second area by adopting linearly polarized ultraviolet light so as to enable the side chains of the first polymer to be arranged along the third direction.
The dimming device that this application embodiment provided, through improving the first polymer in first alignment layer and the second alignment layer in the dimming device, the side chain of first polymer is different in the direction of arrangement in first region and second region, make the direction of arrangement of second polymer and first liquid crystal molecule in the first region different with the direction of arrangement of third polymer and second liquid crystal molecule in the second region, in this dimming device, need not apply voltage just can form the double domain structure of first liquid crystal molecule and second liquid crystal molecule, this double domain structure has the self-compensation effect, realize the peep-proof effect better, also avoid the waste of energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fifth structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a first structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a second structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of an alignment method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a process flow diagram of a first alignment layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The application provides a dimming device, a display device and an alignment method, and the dimming device has the advantages that the peep-proof effect can be better achieved while normal display is carried out on a positive visual angle. The following description is made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a first structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the dimming device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
The present application provides a dimming device 10 having at least one first region 11 and at least one second region 12 alternately arranged in a first direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the dimming device 10. The light modulation device 10 includes a first alignment layer 13, a light modulation liquid crystal layer 14, and a second alignment layer 15, which are stacked, wherein the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15 are both made of a first polymer with a side chain 113; the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 includes second polymers 141 located in the first region 11, first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141, third polymers 143 located in the second region 12, and second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed between the third polymers 143; in the first region 11, the side chain 113 of the first polymer of the first alignment layer 13 and the side chain 113 of the first polymer of the second alignment layer 15 are arranged along the second direction w1, so that the second polymer 141 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 are arranged along the second direction w 1; in the second region 12, the side chains 113 of the first alignment layer 13 and the side chains 113 of the second alignment layer 15 are arranged along the third direction w2, such that the third polymer 143 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 are arranged along the third direction w2, and the second direction w1 is different from the third direction w 2.
Referring to fig. 2, taking the second alignment layer 15 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 as an example, the side chains 113 of the first polymer in the second alignment layer 15 are arranged along the third direction w2, such that the second liquid crystal molecules 144 can be arranged along the third direction w 2.
Wherein the first direction is parallel to the y-axis, the thickness direction is parallel to the z-axis, and the y-axis and the z-axis are perpendicular. The second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are both parallel to the plane zOy. For example, the angle between the second direction w1 and the first alignment layer 13 is 30 degrees to 70 degrees, such as 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, and the angle between the third direction w2 and the first alignment layer 13 is 30 degrees to 70 degrees, such as 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees. Optionally, the included angle between the second direction w1 and the first alignment layer 13 is 50 degrees to 60 degrees, and the included angle between the third direction w2 and the first alignment layer 13 is 50 degrees to 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the second direction w1 is symmetrical to the third direction w2 with respect to the thickness direction. The thickness direction is parallel to the z-axis. It can be understood that the second direction w1 is parallel to the third direction w2 about the z-axis, and a bilaterally symmetrical peep-proof effect is presented, so that the user experience is good.
It is understood that the second direction w1 and the third direction w2 may also form an angle with the plane zOy defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the light modulation layer, which is greater than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees, such as 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees or 60 degrees, respectively.
When the number of the first regions 11 and the second regions 12 is plural, the plural first regions 11 and the plural second regions 12 are alternately arranged in the y-axis direction, and the sizes of the first regions 11 and the second regions 12 in the first direction may be the same.
In the dimming device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application, by improving the first polymer in the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15 in the dimming device 10, the arrangement directions of the side chains 113 of the first polymer in the first region 11 and the second region 12 are different, so that the arrangement directions of the second polymer 141 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 in the first region 11 are different from the arrangement directions of the third polymer 143 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 in the second region 12, in the dimming device 10, a double-domain structure of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 can be formed without applying a voltage, the double-domain structure has a self-compensation effect, and a display device equipped with the dimming device 10 can better achieve a peep-proof effect while ensuring normal display at a positive viewing angle.
In some embodiments, the first polymer with side chains 113 may be Polyimide (PI) with side chains 113, and the side chains 113 of the Polyimide may affect the orientation, i.e., may adjust the arrangement direction of the polymer and the liquid crystal molecules in the dimming liquid crystal layer 14. Due to excellent heat resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, mechanical property and dielectric property, the polyimide can enable liquid crystal molecules to generate uniform and ordered orientation. Liquid crystals are turbid liquids with a fluid appearance and have birefringence specific to anisotropy, i.e., a mesomorphic form having both liquid and crystal characteristics in a certain temperature range. Many of the substances having liquid crystallinity have a long, thin, rod-like or flat molecular structure.
In practice, the first liquid crystal molecules 142 or the second liquid crystal molecules 144 oriented close to the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15 are not aligned perfectly parallel to the glass surface, but at an angle called pretilt angle (pretilt angle). In the embodiment of the present application, the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15 can direct not only the first liquid crystal molecules 142 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144, but also the second polymer 141 and the third polymer 143, so that the second polymer 141 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 are uniformly aligned at a certain angle with the first alignment layer 13, and the third polymer 143 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 are uniformly aligned at a certain angle with the second alignment layer 15.
In some embodiments, please refer to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a second structural diagram of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The dimming device 10 further comprises a substrate and a PAA layer. Wherein the substrate (denoted as the first substrate 161) is disposed on a side of the first alignment layer 13 away from the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, the PAA layer (denoted as the second PAA layer 172) is disposed between the first substrate 161 and the first alignment layer 13, and the first PAA layer 171 is configured to adhere the first alignment layer 13 and the first substrate 161. The material of the first PAA layer 171 may be Polyacrylic acid (PAA). The second substrate 162 is disposed on a side of the second alignment layer 15 away from the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, a PAA layer (referred to as a second PAA layer 172) is disposed between the second substrate 162 and the second alignment layer 15, and the second PAA layer 172 is configured to adhere to the second alignment layer 15 and the second substrate 162. The first PAA layer 171 and the second PAA layer 172 can affect adhesion, improve electrical properties, and adhesion of alignment layers to the substrate.
In some embodiments, the side chain 113 may be an ester bond-containing side chain 113 or an ether bond-containing side chain 113. At the same time, the length and size of the side chain 113 also has an effect on the pretilt angle.
In some embodiments, please refer to fig. 4, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third structure of a dimming device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The light modulation device 10 includes a first electrode layer 18 disposed on a side of the first alignment layer 13 away from the light modulation liquid crystal layer 14; a second electrode layer 19 disposed on a side of the second alignment layer 15 away from the dimming liquid crystal layer 14; when the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19 apply a voltage to the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, the long axes of at least some of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are switched in the fourth direction along the second direction w1, and the long axes of at least some of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed in the third polymer 143 are switched in the fifth direction along the third direction w 2. In some embodiments, the fourth direction, the fifth direction, and the y-axis are parallel to each other.
In some embodiments, the dimming device 10 has a first display mode and a second display mode, the visual angle of the first display mode is smaller than that of the second display mode, the first display mode is a privacy-protection mode corresponding to a narrow viewing angle, and the second display mode is a normal mode or a sharing mode corresponding to a wide viewing angle.
When the light modulation device 10 is in the first display mode, please continue to refer to fig. 1, the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed in the second polymer 141 are arranged along the second direction w1, and the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed in the third polymer 143 are arranged along the third direction w 2; when the light modulation device 10 is in the second display mode, the long axes of at least some of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed in the second polymer 141 are arranged along the fourth direction, the long axes of at least some of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed in the third polymer 143 are arranged along the fifth direction, the fourth direction is different from the second direction w1 and the third direction w2, the fifth direction is different from the second direction w1 and the third direction w2, and the viewing angle of the first display mode is smaller than that of the second display mode.
When the light modulation device 10 is in the first display mode, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 4, no voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19, no electric field is generated between the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19, the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are only subjected to the orientation forces of the first polymers and the second polymers 141, such that the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are disposed along the second direction w1, and at this time, since the second direction w1 is parallel to the zOy plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the light modulation layer, the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed between the third polymers 143 are only subjected to the orientation forces of the first polymers and the third polymers 143, such that the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed between the third polymers 143 are disposed along the third direction w2, and at this time, since the third direction w2 is parallel to the zOy plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the light modulation layer.
When the light modulation device 10 is in the second display mode, please continue to refer to fig. 4, a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19, and an electric field corresponding to the voltage between the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19 applies an electric field force to the first liquid crystal molecules 142 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 in the light modulation liquid crystal layer 14, such that the long axes of at least a portion of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are along the fourth direction, and the long axes of at least a portion of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed in the third polymers 143 are along the fifth direction.
In some embodiments, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a fourth structural diagram of a light modulation device according to the present embodiment, the light modulation device 10 further includes a first polarizing layer 110 and a second polarizing layer 111, the first polarizing layer 110 is disposed on a side of the first alignment layer 13 away from the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, the second polarizing layer 111 is disposed on a side of the second alignment layer 15 away from the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, an optical axis of the first polarizing layer 110 is parallel to an optical axis of the second polarizing layer 111, the second direction w1 is inclined with respect to a normal of the first polarizing layer 110, the third direction w2 is inclined with respect to a normal of the first polarizing layer 110, and the second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are respectively directed to opposite sides of the normal of the first polarizing layer 110. The normal to the first polarizing layer 110 or the second polarizing layer 111 is parallel to the z-axis. Wherein, the optical axis direction of the first polarizing layer 110 is parallel to the optical axis direction of the second polarizing layer 111. In the embodiment of the present application, the optical axis direction of the first polarizing layer 110 and the optical axis direction of the second polarizing layer 111 are both parallel to the y-axis.
When the light modulation device 10 is in the first display mode, no voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19, no electric field is generated between the first electrode layer 18 and the second electrode layer 19, the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are only subjected to the directional acting forces of the first polymers and the second polymers 141, so that the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 are arranged along the second direction w1, and at this time, since the second direction w1 is parallel to a zOy plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the light modulation layer, the orthographic projection of the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 distributed between the second polymers 141 on the first polarization layer 110 is parallel to the optical axis of the first polarization layer 110; the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed among the third polymers 143 are only subjected to the orientation forces of the first polymers and the third polymers 143, so that the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed among the third polymers 143 are arranged along the third direction w2, and since the third direction w2 is parallel to the zOy plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the light modulation layer, the orthographic projection of the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed among the third polymers 143 on the first polarizing layer 110 is parallel to the optical axis of the first polarizing layer 110.
Referring to fig. 5, when the light modulation device 10 is in the first display mode, the first light L1 and the second light L2 both propagate in the xOz plane, and the first light L1 enters the light modulation liquid crystal layer 14 along the normal direction (z-axis direction) of the second polarizing layer 111, and the second light L2 enters the light modulation liquid crystal layer 14 along the normal direction inclined to the second polarizing layer 111.
Before the first light L1 enters the second polarizing layer 111, the polarization direction of the first light L1 is the y-axis direction, because the first light L1 enters along the normal direction of the second polarizing layer 111, in the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, the first light L1 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 or the second liquid crystal molecules 144 are in the same plane, and the polarization direction of the first light L1 only passes through the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 or the second liquid crystal molecules 144, therefore, when the first light L1 reaches the first polarizing layer 110, the polarization direction of the first light L1 is still the y-axis direction, and can pass through the first polarizing layer 110.
Since the second light L2 enters the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 along the normal direction inclined to the second polarizing layer 111, the polarization direction of the second light L2 forms a certain angle with the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 or the second liquid crystal molecules 144 in the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, and thus the second light L2 passes through the dimming liquid crystal layer 14, and then a phase difference occurs, that is, the polarization direction of the second light L2 changes, and cannot directly pass through the first polarizing layer 110. At this time, the user can normally watch the display device equipped with the dimming device 10 at the front viewing angle, and the display brightness of the dimming device 10 is darkened at other viewing angles to play a role of peep prevention.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the dimming device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the dimming device 10 is in the second display mode, the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 includes a small number of first liquid crystal molecules 142 disposed close to the second polymer 141 and having long axes along the second direction w1, a small number of second liquid crystal molecules 144 disposed close to the third polymer 143 and having long axes along the third direction w2, a large number of second liquid crystal molecules 144 disposed far from the second polymer 141 and having long axes along the fourth direction, and a large number of second liquid crystal molecules 144 disposed far from the third polymer 143 and having long axes along the fifth direction, the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 does not perform phase adjustment on light passing therethrough, the refractive index of the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 is non-uniform, the dimming liquid crystal layer 14 performs scattering treatment on the light passing through the first light L1 and the second light L2, so that the light emitted by the dimming device 10 has a diffusion effect, therefore, the light passes through the first polarizing layer 110 smoothly, so that the light modulation device 10 can provide a good wide viewing angle display effect in the second display mode.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, fig. 7 is a first structural schematic diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 8 is a second structural schematic diagram of the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
The embodiment of the present application provides a display device 100, the display device 100 includes a backlight assembly 30, a display panel 20, and the dimming device 10, the display device 100 is disposed on the backlight assembly 30, as shown in fig. 7, the dimming device 10 is disposed on a side of the display panel 20 close to the backlight assembly 30, or, as shown in fig. 8, is disposed on a side of the display panel 20 far from the backlight assembly 30. It should be noted that, in the present application, specific positions of the backlight assembly 30, the display panel 20 and the dimming device 10 in the display device 100 are not limited, and only the dimming device 10 can act on the light generated by the backlight assembly 30, so that when the display device 100 at least has a first display mode or a second display mode, a visual angle of the first display mode is smaller than a visual angle of the second display mode, the first display mode is a peep-proof mode corresponding to a narrow viewing angle, and the second display mode is a normal mode or a sharing mode corresponding to a wide viewing angle.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of an alignment method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 10 is a schematic process flow chart of a first alignment layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an alignment method for forming the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 in the above-mentioned light modulation device 10, where the alignment method includes:
s1, providing a substrate 16.
S2, forming an alignment material layer 112 on the substrate 16.
S3, alternately dividing the alignment material layer 112 into at least one first region 11 and at least one second region 12 along the first direction.
S4, disposing the first exposure mask 40 on the first region 11, and illuminating the first region 11 with linearly polarized ultraviolet light such that the side chains 113 of the first polymer are arranged along the second direction w 1.
S5, disposing a second exposure mask 50 on the second region 12, and illuminating the second region 12 with linearly polarized ultraviolet light to arrange the side chains 113 of the first polymer along the third direction w 2.
The alignment material layer 112 may be a polyimide film with side chains 113. The polyimide film having the side chains 113 may be prepared by dissolving the polyimide having the side chains 113 in a solution, such as methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, or chloroform, casting the polyimide solution on the substrate 16, and baking at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent to evaporate the solution, thereby forming the polyimide film on the substrate 16.
Wherein the first direction is parallel to the y-axis, the thickness direction of the substrate 16 and the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is parallel to the z-axis, and the y-axis and the z-axis are perpendicular. The second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are both parallel to the plane zOy. For example, the angle between the second direction w1 and the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is 30 degrees to 70 degrees, such as 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, and the angle between the third direction w2 and the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is 30 degrees to 70 degrees, such as 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees. Optionally, an angle between the second direction w1 and the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is 50 degrees to 60 degrees, and an angle between the third direction w2 and the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is 50 degrees to 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are symmetric with respect to a normal of the first alignment layer 13. The normal to the first alignment layer 13 is parallel to the z-axis.
When the number of the first regions 11 and the second regions 12 is plural, the plural first regions 11 and the plural second regions 12 are alternately arranged in the y-axis direction, and the sizes of the first regions 11 and the second regions 12 in the first direction may be the same.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a manufacturing method of a display device, which is used to form the display device 100, and the manufacturing method of the display device includes: first, the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15 is prepared according to the above alignment method, and the polymer and the liquid crystal are dropped on the first alignment layer 13 or the second alignment layer 15, so that the liquid crystal can form the second polymer 141, the first liquid crystal molecules 142 and the third liquid crystal molecules 143 distributed in the second polymer 141, and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 distributed in the third polymer 143 according to the arrangement direction of the side chains 113 of the first polymer in the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15. Wherein, in the first region 11, the second polymer 141 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 are arranged along the second direction w 1; in the second region 12, the three polymers and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 are arranged along a third direction w 2.
In the dimming device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application, by improving the first polymer in the first alignment layer 13 and the second alignment layer 15 in the dimming device 10, the arrangement directions of the side chains 113 of the first polymer in the first region 11 and the second region 12 are different, so that the arrangement directions of the second polymer 141 and the first liquid crystal molecules 142 in the first region 11 are different from the arrangement directions of the third polymer 143 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 in the second region 12, in the dimming device 10, a double-domain structure of the first liquid crystal molecules 142 and the second liquid crystal molecules 144 can be formed without applying a voltage, the double-domain structure has a self-compensation effect, and a display device equipped with the dimming device 10 can better achieve a peep-proof effect while ensuring normal display at a positive viewing angle.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
The dimming device, the display device and the alignment method provided by the embodiment of the application are described in detail above. The principles and implementations of the present application are described herein using specific examples, which are presented only to aid in understanding the present application. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manner and the application scope may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A dimming device is characterized by comprising at least one first region and at least one second region which are alternately arranged along a first direction, wherein the first direction is vertical to the thickness direction of the dimming device, the dimming device comprises a first alignment layer, a dimming liquid crystal layer and a second alignment layer which are arranged in a stacking mode, and the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are made of first polymers with side chains;
the dimming liquid crystal layer comprises second polymers positioned in the first region, first liquid crystal molecules distributed among the second polymers, third polymers positioned in the second region and second liquid crystal molecules distributed among the third polymers;
in the first region, the side chain of the first polymer of the first alignment layer and the side chain of the first polymer of the second alignment layer are arranged along a second direction, so that the second polymer and the first liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the second direction;
in the second region, the side chains of the first polymer of the first alignment layer and the side chains of the first polymer of the second alignment layer are arranged along a third direction, so that the third polymer and the second liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the third direction, and the second direction is different from the third direction.
2. The dimming device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate disposed on a side of the first alignment layer distal from the dimming liquid crystal layer, and a PAA layer disposed between the substrate and the first alignment layer, the PAA layer configured to adhere the first alignment layer and the substrate.
3. The dimming device of claim 1, wherein the side chain is an ester bond-containing side chain or an ether bond-containing side chain.
4. A dimming device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
the first electrode layer is arranged on one side, away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, of the first alignment layer;
the second electrode layer is arranged on one side, far away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, of the second alignment layer;
when the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer apply a voltage to the dimming liquid crystal layer, long axes of at least a part of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed between the second polymers are switched in a fourth direction in the second direction setting direction, and long axes of at least a part of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymers are switched in a fifth direction in the third direction setting direction.
5. The dimming device according to claim 4, wherein when the dimming device is in a first display mode, the long axes of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer are arranged in the second direction, and the long axes of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymer are arranged in the third direction;
when the dimming device is in a second display mode, long axes of at least some of the first liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer are arranged along the fourth direction, long axes of at least some of the second liquid crystal molecules distributed in the third polymer are arranged along the fifth direction, the fourth direction is different from the second direction and the third direction, the fifth direction is different from the second direction and the third direction, and a visual angle of the first display mode is smaller than a visual angle of the second display mode.
6. A dimming device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the angle formed by the second direction or the third direction and the first alignment layer is 30 to 70 degrees.
7. The dimming device according to claim 6, wherein the second direction and the third direction are symmetrical with respect to the thickness direction.
8. A light adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a first light polarizing layer and a second light polarizing layer, wherein the first light polarizing layer is disposed on a side of the first alignment layer away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, the second light polarizing layer is disposed on a side of the second alignment layer away from the dimming liquid crystal layer, an optical axis of the first light polarizing layer is parallel to an optical axis of the second light polarizing layer, the second direction is inclined with respect to a normal of the first light polarizing layer, the third direction is inclined with respect to a normal of the first light polarizing layer, and the second direction and the third direction are respectively directed to opposite sides of the normal of the first light polarizing layer.
9. A display device, comprising:
a backlight assembly;
a display panel disposed on the backlight assembly;
the dimming device of any one of claims 1 to 8, being disposed on a side of the display panel close to the backlight assembly or on a side of the display panel remote from the backlight assembly.
10. An alignment method for forming the first alignment layer or the second alignment layer in the dimming device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the alignment method comprising:
providing a substrate;
forming an alignment material layer on the substrate;
alternately dividing at least one first region and at least one second region along a first direction on the alignment material layer;
arranging a first exposure photomask on the first area, and illuminating the first area by adopting linearly polarized ultraviolet light to enable the side chains of the first polymer to be arranged along the second direction;
and arranging a second exposure light cover on the second area, and illuminating the second area by adopting linearly polarized ultraviolet light so as to enable the side chains of the first polymer to be arranged along the third direction.
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