CN114792818A - Cooling open type fuel cell, cooling system and cooling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cooling open type fuel cell, a cooling system and a cooling method, which comprises a plurality of bipolar plates which are stacked and aligned, wherein the upper side and the lower side of each bipolar plate are respectively provided with a current collecting plate, one side of each current collecting plate, which is far away from the bipolar plates, is fixedly connected with an end plate, and the end plates, the current collecting plates and the bipolar plates are fixedly connected through bolts and nuts; the bipolar plate comprises a cathode plate and an anode plate, the anode plate is positioned above the cathode plate, and the lower surface of the anode plate is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the cathode plate; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, convenient production, difficult leakage of cooling medium and good cooling effect on the fuel cell.

Description

A kind of cooling open fuel cell, cooling system and cooling method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a cooling open fuel cell, a cooling system and a cooling method.

Background technique

Existing fuel cell cooling systems mostly use single-phase cooling. For low-power fuel cells, air cooling is used, and for high-power fuel cells, liquid cooling is used, and heat transfer is achieved through the temperature change of the cooling medium. The single-phase cooling of the existing fuel cell system has low heat transfer coefficient, low thermal conductivity, low efficiency and poor heat transfer capacity. In addition, if the local hot spot heat of the fuel cell cannot be taken away by the cooling medium in time, the reactivity of the membrane electrode will decrease, and the fuel Battery operating efficiency decreases, fuel cell life decreases, and failure rates increase.

The characteristic of the existing vehicle fuel cell cooling system is that the fuel cell stack and other heat-generating components share a cycle. Specifically, the fuel cell stack and other heat-generating auxiliary components share the cooling medium. The requirements for the conductivity of the cooling medium are relatively high, so the fuel cell stack coolant inlet is often equipped with a deionizer to remove the charged particles generated during the circulation of the cooling medium, which leads to the use and maintenance of the entire cooling system, especially the cooling medium. higher cost.

At the same time, most of the existing vehicle fuel cell cooling channels are closed channels, and the heat generation rate of the fuel cell is equivalent to its effective power. Larger heat loads often use higher cooling medium flow rates, which reduces a large amount of additional pump power consumption. Fuel cell efficiency, high cooling medium pressure and poor sealing will also lead to cooling medium leakage. In addition, the processing technology of closed cooling channels is complicated and difficult to process, which will increase the processing cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel cooling open fuel cell, cooling system and cooling method.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cooling open fuel cell, a cooling system and a cooling method, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the present invention provides a cooling open fuel cell, comprising a plurality of bipolar plates arranged in a stacked alignment, and collector plates are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the bipolar plates, An end plate is fixedly connected to the side of the collector plate away from the bipolar plate, and the end plate, the collector plate and the bipolar plate are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts;

The bipolar plate includes a cathode plate and an anode plate, the anode plate is located above the cathode plate, and the upper surface of the anode plate is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the cathode plate.

Preferably, an oxidizing gas inlet and a reducing gas inlet are correspondingly opened on the top of the cathode plate and the anode plate, and an oxidizing gas outlet and a reducing gas outlet are correspondingly opened on the bottom of the cathode plate and the anode plate, and the anode plate The surface and the lower surface of the cathode plate are provided with a gas flow field, and the oxidizing gas inlet and the reducing gas inlet are respectively communicated with the oxidizing gas outlet and the reducing gas outlet through the gas flow field, and the lower surface of the anode plate is communicated with the oxidizing gas outlet and the reducing gas outlet respectively. An anode cooling half-flow field is opened, and a cathode cooling half-flow field is opened on the upper surface of the cathode plate corresponding to the anode cooling half-flow field, and the anode cooling half-flow field and the cathode cooling half-flow field form a cooling flow field A cooling medium circulator is communicated with the cooling flow field, and a plurality of support plates and a plurality of open circulation channels are arranged in the cooling flow field for connecting the cathode plate and the anode plate.

Preferably, the gas flow field includes a flow field ridge and a flow field groove, the gas flow field is one of a straight-through shape, a serpentine shape, an interdigital shape and a bionic shape, the oxidizing gas inlet, the oxidizing gas The outlet, the reducing gas inlet and the reducing gas outlet are respectively provided with airflow distribution areas, and the airflow distribution areas are all located in the gas flow field.

Preferably, a membrane electrode is fixedly connected between the anode plate and the cathode plate in the same bipolar plate.

Preferably, sealing grooves are provided on the peripheral sides of the gas flow field of the anode plate and the cathode plate, the oxidizing gas inlet, the oxidizing gas outlet, the reducing gas inlet, and the peripheral sides of the reducing gas outlet, and the sealing grooves are installed in the sealing grooves. With sealing gasket.

Preferably, the circulation channel space is not less than half of the cooling flow field space.

A cooling open fuel cell cooling system, comprising a cooling box, the fuel cell is located in the cooling box, a condensation pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the fuel cell, the cooling box is filled with a cooling medium, and the cooling box is A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are fixedly installed inside, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are both electrically connected with a controller, and an emergency pressure relief valve is opened in the cooling box.

A cooling method for cooling an open fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: Assemble the fuel cell, arrange a membrane electrode between the upper surface of the anode plate and the lower surface of the cathode plate and align and press them to form a bipolar plate, align several bipolar plates and install current collector plates on the upper and lower sides respectively, in the The side of the collector plate away from the bipolar plate is respectively fixed and connected with an end plate, and bolts are inserted through the end plate, the collector plate and the bipolar plate and then fixed with nuts;

Step 2, install the fuel cell, fix the fuel cell assembled in step 1 in the cooling box, and install a condensation pipe on the top of the cooling box;

Step 3: Pass the cooling medium into the cooling box until the cooling medium does not pass the fuel cell and is located below the condensation pipe;

Step 4. Use a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor to monitor.

Preferably, in step 4, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the cooling tank exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the emergency pressure relief valve is opened to release the pressure.

Preferably, in step 4, when the temperature of the fuel cell is low, the cooling medium is vaporized and evaporated upward by natural convection, and then falls naturally after condensing through the condenser; when the power of the fuel cell increases and the temperature is high, the temperature signal received by the temperature sensor reaches When the temperature threshold of forced cooling is reached, the cooling circulator is activated, and the cooling medium relies on forced convection flow for heat exchange, and falls naturally after condensing through the condenser tube.

The invention discloses the following technical effects: the bipolar plate can be used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells of various types and materials, and the bipolar plate can be prepared by die stamping or casting process, which is convenient for production; The plate is a cooling open bipolar plate, which can be immersed in a phase change cooling medium to achieve phase change heat dissipation, or can be immersed in a liquid cooling medium to achieve liquid cooling, or can be placed in the air to dissipate heat through air cooling, and the cooling channel Independently, it avoids the pump work generated by circulating high-pressure cooling medium, and solves the problem that the cooling medium is easy to leak under high pressure; when the heat load is small, the natural convection of the cooling medium can be used to achieve heat exchange, and when the heat load is relatively high. When it is large, the forced convection of the cooling medium can be realized by the cooling circulator set in front of the cooling channel to accelerate the heat dissipation of the fuel cell, and the cooling capacity can be adjusted independently.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the surface structure of the anode plate of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower surface of the anode plate of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower surface of the cathode plate of the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the cathode plate of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cooling flow field of the present invention;

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the structure of B in Figure 6;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling system of the present invention;

9 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the cathode plate in the second embodiment;

10 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cooling flow field in the second embodiment;

Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of C in Fig. 10;

Among them: 2-cooling medium, 3-condenser tube, 4-cooling box, 11-bipolar plate, 12-anode plate, 13-cathode plate, 14-bolt, 15-end plate, 16-collector plate, 17-membrane Electrode, 18-sealing gasket, 19-nut, 111-oxidizing gas inlet, 112-reducing gas inlet, 113-gas flow field, 114-seal groove, 115-gas distribution area, 116-oxidizing gas outlet, 117-reducing gas Outlet, 119 - cooling flow field, 1191 - support plate, 1192 - flow channel, 121 anode cooling half flow field, 131 - cathode cooling half flow field, 1131 - flow field ridge, 1132 - flow field groove.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1:

Referring to FIGS. 1-8 , the present embodiment provides a cooling open fuel cell, which includes a plurality of bipolar plates 11 that are stacked and aligned, and a current collecting plate 16 is respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the plurality of bipolar plates 11 . The current collecting plate 16 An end plate 15 is fixedly connected to the side away from the bipolar plate 11, and the end plate 15, the current collecting plate 16 and the bipolar plate 11 are fixedly connected by bolts 14 and nuts 19; Corresponding through holes are opened on the plate 11, and the bolts 14 and nuts 19 are used to fix it, so that the bipolar plates 11 are closely attached to form a seal for the reaction gas, and the end plate 15, the collector plate 16 and the bipolar plate are added at the same time. Stability between plates 11.

The bipolar plate 11 includes a cathode plate 13 and an anode plate 12. The anode plate 12 is located above the cathode plate 13 and a membrane electrode is disposed between the upper surface of the anode plate 12 and the lower surface of the cathode plate 13 and is fixedly connected. The bipolar plate 11 is formed by cooperating with the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 , and the bipolar plate 11 is formed by processing the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 respectively, so that the bipolar plate 11 is easy to obtain.

To further optimize the scheme, the top of the cathode plate 13 and the anode plate 12 are correspondingly provided with an oxidizing gas inlet 111 and a reducing gas inlet 112, and the bottom of the cathode plate 13 and the anode plate 12 are correspondingly provided with an oxidizing gas outlet 116 and a reducing gas outlet 117. The surface and the lower surface of the cathode plate 13 are provided with a gas flow field 113. The oxidizing gas inlet 111 and the reducing gas inlet 112 are respectively communicated with the oxidizing gas outlet 116 and the reducing gas outlet 117 through the gas flow field 113, and the lower surface of the anode plate 12 is connected. An anode cooling half-flow field 121 is opened, a cathode cooling half-flow field 131 is opened on the upper surface of the cathode plate 13 corresponding to the anode cooling half-flow field 121, and the anode cooling half-flow field 121 and the cathode cooling half-flow field 131 form a cooling flow field 119 The cooling flow field 119 is communicated with a cooling medium circulator, and a plurality of support plates 1191 and a plurality of open circulation channels 1192 are arranged in the cooling flow field 119 for connecting the cathode plate 13 and the anode plate 12 . The cooling flow field 119 can provide space for the cooling medium to facilitate cooling of the fuel cell, and the support plate 1191 can fully fit the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 to ensure the compressive strength of the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 .

To further optimize the scheme, the gas flow field 113 includes a flow field ridge 1131 and a flow field groove 1132, the gas flow field 113 is one of a straight-through shape, a serpentine shape, an interdigital shape and a bionic shape, an oxidizing gas inlet 111, and an oxidizing gas outlet 116. , the reducing gas inlet 112 and the reducing gas outlet 117 are respectively provided with airflow distribution areas 115 , and the airflow distribution areas 115 are all located in the gas flow field 113 . The gas distribution area 115 is used to connect the oxidizing gas inlet 111 and the gas flow field 113 with the reducing gas inlet 111 and the gas flow field 113 respectively, so that the reactant gas enters the gas flow field 113 and reacts fully.

Further, the size of the gas flow field 113 is 110 mm×80 mm, the length of the flow field ridge 1131 is 100 mm, and the width is 2 mm; the length of the flow field groove 1132 is 100 mm, the width is 2 mm, and the depth is 1 mm.

Further, the size of the cooling flow field 119 is 110mm×100mm, the length of the support part 1191 is 100mm, the width is 2mm; the length of the circulation part 1192 is 100mm, the width is 2mm, and the depth is 1mm.

In a further optimized solution, a membrane electrode 17 is fixedly connected between the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 in the same bipolar plate 11 .

To further optimize the solution, seals are provided on the periphery of the gas flow field 113 of the anode plate 12 and the cathode plate 13 , the oxidizing gas inlet 111 , the oxidizing gas outlet 116 , the reducing gas inlet 112 and the peripheral side of the reducing gas outlet 117 . The sealing groove 114 has a sealing gasket 18 installed in the sealing groove 114 . Installing the sealing gasket 18 in the sealing groove 114 can increase the sealing performance and prevent outgassing, resulting in insufficient gas leakage reaction and even the danger of explosion.

To further optimize the solution, the space of the circulation channel 1192 is not less than half of the space of the cooling flow field 119 . On the premise of ensuring sufficient pressure resistance and sealing performance of the entire fuel cell, the area of the circulation part is enlarged as much as possible, and the heat exchange area between the bipolar plate 11 and the cooling medium 2 is enlarged, so as to obtain excellent heat exchange capacity.

Further, the oxidizing gas inlet, the reducing gas inlet, the oxidizing gas outlet, and the reducing gas outlet are arranged along the diagonal of the bipolar plate, and such an arrangement can improve the use efficiency of the gas flow field 113 .

Further, the area of the oxidizing gas inlet channel 111 is one-half of the area of the reducing gas inlet channel 112. According to the stoichiometric ratio design, the pressure difference between the oxidizing gas and the reducing gas in the gas flow channels at both ends of the membrane electrode 17 can be reduced as much as possible. And avoid blow-by.

In a further optimized solution, the gas flow direction in the gas flow field 113 is the length direction of the bipolar plate 11 , and the cooling medium flow direction in the cooling flow field 119 is the width direction of the bipolar plate 11 . It is convenient to cool the fuel cell.

A cooling and open fuel cell cooling system, comprising a cooling box 4, a fuel cell is located in the cooling box 4, a condensation pipe 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the fuel cell, a cooling medium 2 is filled in the cooling box 4, and a cooling medium 2 is fixedly installed in the cooling box 4. The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected with a controller, and an emergency pressure relief valve is opened in the cooling box 4 . The fuel cell is fixed in the cooling box 4, and then the fuel cell is cooled by the cooling medium 2. When the fuel cell is working, a large amount of heat is generated to evaporate the cooling medium 2, and then the condensation pipe is used to condense the steam, and then drop into the cooling after cooling. medium 2.

A cooling method for cooling an open fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: Assemble the fuel cell, arrange a membrane electrode 17 between the upper surface of the anode plate 12 and the lower surface of the cathode plate 13 and press them together to form a bipolar plate 11, align a plurality of bipolar plates 11 and install the collectors on the upper and lower sides respectively. The current plate 16 is fixedly connected with the end plate 15 on the side of the current collecting plate 16 away from the bipolar plate 11, and the bolts 14 are inserted through the end plate 15, the current collecting plate 16 and the bipolar plate 11 and are fixed with nuts 19; The tightness between the bipolar plates 11; the stability of the structure is enhanced.

Step 2, install the fuel cell, fix the fuel cell assembled in step 1 in the cooling box 4, and install the condensation pipe 3 on the top of the cooling box 4;

Step 3: Pass the cooling medium 2 into the cooling box 4 until the cooling medium 2 does not pass the fuel cell and is located under the condensation pipe 3, so that the cooling medium 2 absorbs the heat released by the fuel cell to vaporize and evaporate, and the steam condenses and falls back near the condensation pipe 3. into the cooling medium 2;

Step 4. Use a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor to monitor.

To further optimize the solution, in step 4, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the cooling tank 4 exceeds the preset pressure threshold, the emergency pressure relief valve is opened to release the pressure. Prevent accidents caused by excessive pressure in the cooling box 4 due to the continuous evaporation of the cooling medium 2 .

To further optimize the scheme, in step 4, when the fuel cell power is low and the heat production is low, the cooling medium 2 vaporizes and evaporates upwards by natural convection, and then falls naturally after condensing through the condenser tube 3; when the fuel cell power increases and the temperature is higher, the temperature sensor When the received temperature signal reaches the temperature threshold of forced cooling, the cooling circulator is started, and the cooling medium 2 relies on forced convection flow for heat exchange, and falls naturally after condensing through the condensing pipe 3 .

When the temperature of the fuel cell is low, the cooling medium 2 is vaporized and evaporated upwards by natural convection, condensed through the condenser tube 3 and then falls down naturally, thus circulating cooling; when the power of the fuel cell increases and the temperature is high, the temperature signal received by the temperature sensor reaches When the forced cooling threshold is set, the cooling circulator is activated, and the forced convection that the cooling medium 2 relies on quickly flows to speed up the heat exchange, and after condensing through the condensing pipe 3, it naturally falls down, so as to circulate and cool; the fuel cell can be cooled according to specific conditions, and the cooling is stable.

Further, the cooling circulating medium in the condenser tube 3 is a common cooling circulating medium, and the cooling circulating medium in the cooling box 4 needs to meet the characteristics of low electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and easy phase change.

Embodiment 2:

9-11 , this embodiment provides a cooling open fuel cell. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is only the support in the cooling flow field 119 formed by the upper surface of the cathode plate 13 and the lower surface of the anode plate 12 The plate 1191 is a circular column protrusion, the cooling flow field 119 forms a turbulent column cooling flow field under the action of the circular column protrusion, the circulation channel 1192 has a larger space, and the turbulent column can destroy the parallel flow of the cooling medium, The cooling medium is turbulent, and the heat dissipation between the bipolar plate 11 and the cooling medium 2 is enhanced.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "portrait", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or It is implied that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred modes of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cooling open fuel cell, characterized in that it comprises a number of bipolar plates (11) that are stacked and aligned, and collector plates (16) are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the bipolar plates (11), An end plate (15) is fixedly connected to the side of the current collecting plate (16) away from the bipolar plate (11), the end plate (15), the current collecting plate (16) and the bipolar plate (11) The connection is fixed by bolts (14) and nuts (19); The bipolar plate (11) comprises a cathode plate (13) and an anode plate (12), the anode plate (12) is located above the cathode plate (13) and the upper surface of the anode plate (12) is in contact with the anode plate (12). The lower surface of the cathode plate (13) is fixedly connected. 2. A cooling open fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein an oxidizing gas inlet (111) and a reducing gas inlet are correspondingly opened at the top of the cathode plate (13) and the anode plate (12). (112), an oxidizing gas outlet (116) and a reducing gas outlet (117) are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the cathode plate (13) and the anode plate (12), and the upper surface of the anode plate (12) and the cathode plate ( 13) A gas flow field (113) is provided on the lower surface, and the oxidizing gas inlet (111) and the reducing gas inlet (112) respectively correspond to the oxidizing gas outlet (116) through the gas flow field (113) , the reducing gas outlet (117) is connected, the anode cooling half-flow field (121) is opened on the lower surface of the anode plate (12), and the anode cooling half-flow field (121) is opened on the upper surface of the cathode plate (13) A cathode cooling half-flow field (131) is correspondingly opened, the anode cooling half-flow field (121) and the cathode cooling half-flow field (131) form a cooling flow field (119), and the cooling flow field (119) communicates with each other There is a cooling medium circulator, and the cooling flow field (119) is provided with several support plates (1191) for connecting the cathode plate (13) and the anode plate (12) and several open circulation channels (1192). 3. A cooling open fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas flow field (113) comprises a flow field ridge (1131) and a flow field groove (1132), and the gas flow field ( 113) is one of a straight-through shape, a serpentine shape, an interdigital shape and a bionic shape, the oxidizing gas inlet (111), the oxidizing gas outlet (116), the reducing gas inlet (112) and the reducing The gas outlets (117) are respectively provided with airflow distribution areas (115), and the airflow distribution areas (115) are all located in the gas flow field (113). 4. A cooling open fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anode plate (12) and the cathode plate (13) in the same bipolar plate (11) are fixed between A membrane electrode (17) is connected. 5. A cooling open fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas flow field (113) peripheral side of the anode plate (12) and the cathode plate (13), the oxidizing gas The inlet (111), the oxidizing gas outlet (116), the reducing gas inlet (112) and the reducing gas outlet (117) are provided with sealing grooves (114) on the peripheral sides, and a sealing gasket (18) is installed in the sealing groove (114) ). 6 . The cooling open fuel cell according to claim 2 , wherein the space of the circulation channel ( 1192 ) is not less than half of the space of the cooling flow field ( 119 ). 7 . 7. A cooling system for cooling an open fuel cell, based on the cooling open fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises a cooling box (4), the fuel cell is located in the In the cooling box (4), a condensation pipe (3) is fixedly installed on the top of the fuel cell, the cooling medium (2) is filled in the cooling box (4), and a temperature sensor is fixedly installed in the cooling box (4) , a pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are both electrically connected with a controller, and an emergency pressure relief valve is opened in the cooling box (4). 8. A cooling method for cooling an open fuel cell, based on a cooling system for cooling an open fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: Step 1. Assembling the fuel cell, arranging a membrane electrode (17) between the upper surface of the anode plate (12) and the lower surface of the cathode plate (13) and aligning and pressing to form a bipolar plate (11). ) align and install current collector plates (16) on the upper and lower sides respectively, on the side of the current collector plate (16) away from the bipolar plate (11) are fixedly connected with end plates (15) respectively, and bolts ( 14) After passing through the end plate (15), the current collecting plate (16) and the bipolar plate (11), the nut (19) is used for fixing; Step 2, installing the fuel cell, fixing the fuel cell assembled in step 1 in the cooling box (4), and installing a condensation pipe (3) on the inner top of the cooling box (4); Step 3: Pass the cooling medium (2) into the cooling box (4) until the cooling medium (2) does not pass the fuel cell and is located below the condensation pipe (3); Step 4. Use a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor to monitor. 9. A cooling method for cooling an open fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step 4, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the cooling tank (4) exceeds a preset pressure threshold, the emergency vent is turned on. pressure relief valve. 10. A cooling method for cooling an open fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step 4, when the temperature of the fuel cell is low, the cooling medium (2) is vaporized and evaporated upward by natural convection, and passes through the condensation pipe. (3) Natural fall after condensation; when the fuel cell power increases and the temperature is higher, when the temperature signal received by the temperature sensor reaches the temperature threshold of forced cooling, the cooling circulator is started, and the cooling medium (2) is replaced by forced convection flow. The heat will fall naturally after being condensed through the condensing pipe (3).

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