CN114703280B - Emcn在诊断和治疗糖尿病肾病中的应用 - Google Patents
Emcn在诊断和治疗糖尿病肾病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114703280B CN114703280B CN202210571597.XA CN202210571597A CN114703280B CN 114703280 B CN114703280 B CN 114703280B CN 202210571597 A CN202210571597 A CN 202210571597A CN 114703280 B CN114703280 B CN 114703280B
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Abstract
本发明公开了EMCN在诊断和治疗糖尿病肾病中的应用。本发明提供了EMCN在制备诊断糖尿病肾病的产品中的应用以及一种诊断糖尿病肾病的产品,同时还提供了EMCN在制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物中的应用及一种治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及EMCN在诊断和治疗糖尿病肾病中的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病肾病(DKD)是糖尿病(DM)的常见并发症,也是终末期肾脏疾病最常见的病因,其特征包括蛋白尿、肾小球硬化和肾功能逐渐丧失。强化血糖控制、血压控制和阻断肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统是目前治疗DKD的金标准。但目前已有的这些干预方案对糖尿病肾病的治疗效果并不理想,表明这些治疗方法可能无法靶向促进糖尿病肾病发生和发展的致病机理。此外,最近几项DKD治疗的临床试验均未获成功,因此更好地理解并研究介导DKD早期的机制有助于设计新的精准防治策略,对糖尿病肾病的防治具有重要意义。
肾小球超过滤是导致蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率增加的决定因素之一。肾小球是由毛细血管袢组成的网络,称为肾小球管,由鲍曼囊(Bowman’s capsule)包围。肾小球是血液过滤器,血液通过入球小动脉进入肾小球,经出球小动脉离开肾小球。肾小球毛细血管壁为滤过膜,由肾小球内皮细胞(GEnCs)、基底膜和足细胞(内脏上皮细胞)构成。GEnCs与血液中循环的细胞和因子直接接触形成第一个细胞屏障。这些循环因素的作用可诱发GEnC功能紊乱。GEnC功能障碍发生在糖尿病肾病的早期,其特点是内皮糖萼受损、炎症表型、线粒体损伤和氧化应激、细胞信号异常以及内皮向间质转化(EndMT)。GEnCs与足细胞和系膜细胞存在相互作用,GEnC功能失调可能最终导致足细胞损伤、蛋白尿、肾小球膜细胞活化,最终导致肾小球硬化。可见,改善GEnCs功能障碍,维持GEnCs的正常结构和功能对于改善糖尿病肾病具有重要意义。
Endomucin-1(EMCN)是一种富含丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基的I型O-糖基化唾液糖蛋白,是内皮细胞特异性表达的跨膜黏蛋白,其分子量为80 -120 k Da。EMCN仅在毛细血管和静脉表面表达,而不表达于动脉内皮,因此,EMCN在心脏、肾脏和肺等高度血管化的组织中表达丰富。有研究发现EMCN的表达被极化到血管内皮的顶端表面,作为一种抗黏附分子,EMCN可阻止中性粒细胞与内皮细胞(ECs)的相互作用,抑制白细胞与内皮细胞的粘附。并且EMCN可以调控血管生成,改善大鼠糖尿病视网膜病。但是EMCN在糖尿病肾病中的作用并不清楚,迄今为止,未见研究报道EMCN在防治糖尿病肾病中的作用。
发明内容
为弥补现有技术的不足,本发明提供了糖尿病肾病相关的标志物及其在糖尿病肾病诊断和治疗中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面提供了一种诊断糖尿病肾病的产品,所述产品包括能够检测样本中EMCN表达水平的芯片、试剂盒或核酸膜条。
进一步,所述试剂盒包括通过RT-PCR法、qRT-PCR法、生物芯片检测法、DNA印迹法、原位杂交法、免疫印迹法检测样本中EMCN基因或蛋白表达水平的试剂。
进一步,所述试剂选自特异性识别样本中EMCN基因的寡核苷酸探针、特异性扩增样本中EMCN基因的引物或特异性结合样本中EMCN基因编码的蛋白的结合剂。
进一步,所述样本为肾脏组织。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括EMCN的促进剂。
进一步,所述促进剂促进EMCN的表达水平。
进一步,所述促进剂包括EMCN过表达的载体或其构建物。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种筛选治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物的方法,所述方法包括用待筛选物质处理表达或含有EMCN基因或其编码的蛋白的培养体系;和检测所述体系中EMCN基因或其编码的蛋白的表达或活性;其中,当所述待筛选物质促进EMCN基因的或其编码的蛋白的表达水平或活性时,该待筛选物质是治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种内皮细胞的保护方法,所述方法包括施用EMCN的促进剂。
进一步,所述EMCN的促进剂抑制内皮细胞表面糖萼复合物的降解。
进一步,所述方法在体外进行。
进一步,所述方法为非治疗目的。
本发明的第五方面提供了如下任一项所述的应用:
(1)检测EMCN的试剂在制备诊断糖尿病肾病的产品中的应用;
(2)EMCN的促进剂在制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物中的应用;
(3)EMCN在筛选治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物中的应用;
(4)EMCN在构建预测糖尿病肾病的计算模型中的应用。
本发明的优点和有益效果:本发明的提出使得在临床中可以对EMCN这一靶点进行筛查,对早期糖尿病肾病及时进行干预,延缓甚至逆转糖尿病肾病的发生和发展。EMCN可作为诊疗糖尿病肾病新的分子标记物和干预靶点。
附图说明
图1是EMCN在糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中的表达情况图,其中,图1A是db/db小鼠肾脏皮质中EMCN蛋白表达水平图,图1B是STZ诱导三个月后小鼠肾脏组织中EMCN表达水平图;
图2是内皮细胞特异性敲除EMCN表型图,其中,图2A是EMCN的蛋白表达水平图,图2B是小鼠血糖水平图,图2C是小鼠体重图,图2D是小鼠肾脏/体重比值图,图2E是小鼠尿蛋白/肌酐比值图,图2F是肾小球基质胶原沉积和糖原沉积图,图2G是一氧化氮合酶表达水平图;
图3是内皮细胞特异性过表达EMCN表型图,其中,图3A是小鼠模式图,图3B是小鼠空腹血糖水平柱状图,图3C是小鼠空腹血糖水平折线图,图3D是小鼠肾脏/体重比值图,图3E是小鼠尿蛋白/肌酐比值图,图3F是小鼠肾小球胶原及糖原沉积图,图3G是小鼠胶原蛋白面积图,图3H是小鼠系膜基质分数图;
图4是内皮细胞特异性过表达EMCN对内皮细胞表面糖萼复合物的保护作用图,图4A是小鼠血浆中SDC-1水平图,图4B是小鼠血浆中HS水平图,图4C是肾小球内皮细胞电子显微图,图4D是肾小球内皮细胞SDC-1荧光图,图4E是肾小球内皮细胞SDC-1平均强度柱状图,图4F是肾小球内皮细胞WGA荧光图,图4G是肾小球内皮细胞WGA平均强度柱状图,图4H是硫酸肝素酶的表达荧光图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种诊断糖尿病肾病的产品,所述产品包括能够检测样本中EMCN表达水平的芯片、试剂盒或核酸膜条。
EMCN包括野生型、突变型或其片段。该术语涵盖全长,未加工的EMCN,以及源自细胞中加工的任何形式的EMCN。该术语涵盖EMCN的天然发生变体(例如剪接变体或等位变体)。该术语涵盖例如EMCN基因,人的EMCN以及来自任何其它脊椎动物来源,包括哺乳动物,诸如灵长动物和啮齿动物(例如小鼠和大鼠)的EMCN。作为一种优选的实施方案,在本发明中,EMCN为人的基因,基因ID:51705。
术语“表达水平”或“基因表达水平”是指细胞中mRNA以及前mRNA新生转录物、转录物加工中间体、成熟mRNA和降解物的水平或由所述基因编码的蛋白质的水平。
在本发明的实施方案中,芯片包括基因芯片、蛋白芯片,所述基因芯片包括用于检测EMCN基因转录水平的针对EMCN基因的寡核苷酸探针,所述蛋白芯片包括EMCN蛋白的特异性结合剂;所述试剂盒包括基因检测试剂盒、蛋白检测试剂盒,所述基因检测试剂盒包括用于检测EMCN基因转录水平的试剂、或芯片,所述蛋白检测试剂盒包括用于检测EMCN蛋白表达水平的试剂或芯片。
作为本发明的一种实施方案,针对EMCN基因的寡核苷酸探针可以是DNA、RNA、DNA-RNA嵌合体、PNA或其它衍生物。所述探针的长度没有限制,只要完成特异性杂交、与目的核苷酸序列特异性结合,任何长度都可以。所述探针的长度可短至25、20、15、13或10个碱基长度。同样,所述探针的长度可长至60、80、100、150、300个碱基对或更长,甚至整个基因。由于不同的探针长度对杂交效率、信号特异性有不同的影响,所述探针的长度通常至少是14个碱基对,最长一般不超过30个碱基对,与目的核苷酸序列互补的长度以15-25个碱基对最佳。所述探针自身互补序列最好少于4个碱基对,以免影响杂交效率。
术语“结合剂”指特异性结合靶的天然存在的或非天然存在的分子。特异性结合剂的实例包括但不限于蛋白、肽、核酸、碳水化合物和脂质。在某些实施方案中,特异性结合剂是抗体。
在本发明中,特异性结合EMCN基因编码的蛋白的结合剂例如蛋白质EMCN的受体、结合蛋白质EMCN的凝集素、针对蛋白质EMCN的抗体、针对蛋白质EMCN的肽抗体(peptidebody)、双特异性双重结合剂或双特异性抗体形式。特异性结合剂的具体例子是肽、肽模拟物、aptamer、spiegelmer、darpin、锚蛋白重复蛋白、Kunitz型域、抗体、单域抗体和单价抗体片段。
术语“试剂盒”是指在用于对核苷酸进行测序和/或分离核苷酸序列和/或基于来自样品或细胞的表达核苷酸序列的存在、不存在和/或量来诊断患有疾病或感染的受试者的系统的情况下提供的一组组件。在一些实施方案中,术语“试剂盒”是指在用于对核苷酸进行测序和/或分离核苷酸序列和/或基于样品或细胞中的表达核苷酸序列的空间位置来诊断患有疾病或感染的受试者的系统的情况下提供的一组组件。这类系统可包括例如允许在一个或多个细胞(例如,在适当容器中的寡核苷酸、编码酶的寡核苷酸,细胞外基质组分)和/或支持物质(例如,缓冲液、培养基、细胞、用于进行测定的书面说明)中储存、确认或从一个位置向另一位置递送表达基因的系统。例如,在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包括含有相关反应试剂和/或支持物质的一个或多个外壳(例如,盒)。术语“片段化试剂盒”是指包含两个或更多个单独容器的诊断测定,每个容器含有总试剂盒组分的子部分。容器可一起或分开地递送至预期的接受者。例如,第一容器可含有用于细胞培养测定的固体支持物或聚苯乙烯板,而第二容器可含有细胞,如对照细胞。作为另一实例,试剂盒可包括第一容器和第二容器,所述第一容器包含具有对本发明公开的一种或多种生物标志物具有亲和力的一种或多种配体的固体支持物,如芯片或载玻片,所述第二容器包含检测和/或定量样品中脂质修饰的寡核苷酸的量所必需的任何一种或多种试剂。术语“片段化试剂盒”旨在涵盖含有根据Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act第520(e)条规定的分析物特异性试剂(ASR)的试剂盒,但不限于此。任何包含两个或多个单独容器的递送系统都包含在术语“碎片化试剂盒”中,每个容器包含总试剂盒组分的子部分。相比之下,“组合试剂盒”是指在单个容器中(例如,在容纳每种所需组分的单个盒中)含有所有组分的递送系统。术语“试剂盒”包括片段化的和组合的试剂盒两者。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述试剂盒包括基因检测试剂盒和蛋白免疫检测试剂盒;基因检测试剂盒包括用于检测EMCN基因转录水平的试剂;蛋白免疫检测试剂盒包括EMCN蛋白的特异性抗体。
本发明中所述的芯片、试剂盒或膜条可用于检测包括EMCN基因或蛋白在内的多个基因或蛋白及其表达产物(例如,糖尿病肾病相关的多个基因或蛋白)的表达水平。将糖尿病肾病的多个标志物同时进行检测,可大大提高糖尿病肾病诊断的准确率。
本发明提供了EMCN在制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物中的应用以及治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括EMCN的促进剂。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,促进剂是指任何可增加EMCN蛋白的活性、提高EMCN基因或蛋白的稳定性、上调EMCN蛋白的表达、增加EMCN蛋白有效作用时间、或促进EMCN基因的转录和翻译的物质,这些物质均可用于本发明,作为对于上调EMCN有用的物质,从而可用于预防或治疗糖尿病肾病。例如所述的促进剂包括核酸促进剂,蛋白促进剂。所述促进剂包括但不限于过表达EMCN的载体或其构建物、EMCN蛋白或其活性肽。
分子生物学领域的技术人员已知许多合适的载体,其选择取决于所期望的功能。本发明对载体没有特别的限制,但可以是能在包括哺乳动物细胞(例如,人、猴、兔、大鼠、仓鼠或小鼠细胞)、植物细胞、酵母细胞、昆虫细胞和细菌细胞(如大肠杆菌(E.coli))在内的真核或原核细胞内复制和/或表达多核苷酸的载体。较佳地,它可以是载体,包括至少一选择性标记,可操作地连接到合适的启动子,以致可以在宿主细胞内表达多核苷酸。例如,载体可以包括导入噬菌体、质粒、粘粒、微型染色体、病毒、或反转录病毒载体的多核苷酸其他常规用于例如遗传工程的载体。
作为本发明的一种可选方式,载体是病毒。病毒载体用于引入编码靶标特异性多肽的非内源性核酸序列。病毒载体可以是逆转录病毒载体或慢病毒载体。病毒载体还可以包括编码转导标记的核酸序列。合适的病毒载体包括基于RNA病毒的载体,例如逆转录病毒来源的载体,例如莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒(MLV)来源的载体,并且包括更复杂的逆转录病毒来源的载体,例如慢病毒来源的载体。HIV-1衍生的载体属于这一类。
病毒载体包括逆转录病毒,腺病毒,细小病毒(如腺相关病毒),冠状病毒,负链RNA病毒(如正粘病毒(如流感病毒),弹状病毒(如狂犬病和水疱性口炎病毒),副粘病毒(如,麻疹和仙台病毒),正链RNA病毒(例如小核糖核酸病毒和甲型病毒)以及双链DNA病毒,包括腺病毒,疱疹病毒(例如1型和2型单纯疱疹病毒和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒和巨细胞病毒)和痘病毒(例如,牛痘,鸡痘和金丝雀痘)。其他病毒包括但不限于诺沃克病毒、披膜病毒、黄病毒、呼肠孤病毒、乳头瘤病毒、肝炎病毒和肝炎病毒。逆转录病毒的例子包括禽类白血病肉瘤、哺乳动物C型、B型病毒、D型病毒、HTLV- BLV组、慢病毒和泡沫病毒。
作为本发明的一种可选方式,载体是表达载体。根据本发明的表达载体能够指导本发明的核酸分子在宿主中的复制和表达,并因此保证由此编码的本发明的EMCN在选择的宿主中的表达。
载体的非限制性实例包括pQE-12、pUC-系列、pBluescript(Stratagene)、pET-系列表达载体(Novagen)或pCRTOPO(Invitrogen)、λgt11、pJOE、pBBR1-MCS系列、pJB861、pBSMuL、pBC2、pUCPKS、pTACT1、pTRE、pCAL-n-EK、pESP-1、pOP13CAT、E-027 pCAG Kosak-Cherry(L45a)载体系统、pREP(Invitrogen)、pCEP4(Invitrogen)、pMC1neo(Stratagene)、pXT1(Stratagene)、pSG5(Stratagene)、EBO-pSV2neo、pBPV-1、pdBPVMMTneo、pRSVgpt、pRSVneo、pSV2-dhfr、pIZD35、Okayama-Berg cDNA表达载体pcDV1(Pharmacia)、pRc/CMV、pcDNA1、pcDNA3(Invitrogen)、pcDNA3.1、pSPORT1(GIBCO BRL)、pGEMHE(Promega)、pLXIN、pSIR(Clontech)、pIRES-EGFP(Clontech)、pEAK-10(EdgeBiosystems)pTriEx-Hygro(Novagen)和pCINeo(Promega)。适合于巴斯德毕赤氏酵母(Pichia pastoris)的质粒载体的非限制性实例包括例如质粒pAO815、pPIC9K和pPIC3.5K(全部为Invitrogen)。适合于在爪蟾属(Xenopus)胚胎、斑马鱼胚胎以及各种各样的哺乳动物和禽类细胞中表达蛋白质的另一种载体是多用途表达载体pCS2+。
本发明中EMCN的促进剂可以通过脂质体给予,所述脂质体的作用是将药物靶向于特定的组织,以及增加药物的半衰期。脂质体包括但不限于乳化剂、起泡剂、液态脂质、固态脂质、不溶性单层、磷脂分散剂、表面活性剂。所述的脂质体中还可以包括能与靶向的细胞中的受体分子结合或其他治疗性或免疫原性组合物。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体,药学上可接受的载体包括但不限于稀释剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、致湿剂、吸附载体、润滑剂、填充剂、崩解剂。
其中,稀释剂如乳糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、淀粉、水等;粘合剂如淀粉、预胶化淀粉、糊精、麦芽糖糊精、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、海藻酸及海藻酸盐、黄原胶、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素等;表面活性剂如聚氧化乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸单甘油酯、十六烷醇等;致湿剂如甘油、淀粉等;吸附载体如淀粉、乳糖、斑脱土、硅胶、高岭土和皂粘土等;润滑剂如硬脂酸锌、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙和镁、聚乙二醇、硼酸粉末、氢化植物油、硬脂富马酸钠、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、单月桂蔗糖酸酯、月桂醇硫酸钠、月桂醇硫酸镁、十二烷基硫酸镁等;填充剂如甘露醇(粒状或粉状)、木糖醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖、赤藓糖、微晶纤维素、聚合糖、偶合糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、糊精、淀粉、海藻酸钠、海带多糖粉末、琼脂粉末、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠等;崩解剂如交联乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基甲基、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、大豆多糖。
本发明中的药物组合物还可以包括稳定剂、杀菌剂、缓冲剂、等渗剂、螯合剂、pH控制剂及表面活性剂等添加剂。
其中,稳定剂包括人类血清蛋白、L-氨基酸、糖及纤维素衍生物。L-氨基酸还可以包括甘氨酸、半胱氨酸及谷氨酸中的任意一个。糖类包括单糖,例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖等;糖醇,例如甘露醇、纤维醇、木糖醇等;二糖,例如蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等;多聚糖,例如葡聚糖、羟丙基淀粉、硫化软骨素、透明质酸等及它们的衍生物。纤维素衍生物包括甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素及羟甲基纤维素钠。表面活性剂包括离子或非离子表面活性剂,例如聚氧化乙烯烷基酯、山梨聚糖单酰基酯、脂肪酸甘油酯。添加剂缓冲剂可以包括硼酸、磷酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、谷氨酸及相应的盐(它们的碱金属或碱性稀土金属盐,例如钠盐、钾盐、钙盐及镁盐)。等渗剂包括氯化钾、氯化钠、糖及甘油。螯合剂包括乙二胺四乙酸钠及柠檬酸。
本发明所述药物组合物可口服给药、非胃肠道给药、通过吸入喷雾给药、局部给药、直肠给药、鼻给药、颊给药、阴道给药或通过植入的贮药装置给药。优选口服给药或注射给药。本发明药物组合物可含有任何常用的无毒可药用载体、辅料或赋形剂。
本发明的药物还可与其他治疗糖尿病肾病的药物联用,其他治疗性化合物可以与主要的活性成分(例如,EMCN的促进剂)同时给药,甚至在同一组合物中同时给药。还可以以单独的组合物或与主要的活性成分不同的剂量形式单独给予其它治疗性化合物。主要成分(如EMCN的促进剂)的部分剂量可以与其它治疗性化合物同时给药,而其它剂量可以单独给药。
本发明进一步提供了一种筛选治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物的方法,所述方法包括用待筛选物质处理表达或含有EMCN基因或其编码的蛋白的培养体系;和检测所述体系中EMCN基因或其编码的蛋白的表达或活性;其中,当所述待筛选物质促进EMCN基因的或其编码的蛋白的表达水平或活性时,该待筛选物质是治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物。
所述培养体系包括但不限于细胞体系、亚细胞体系、溶液体系、组织体系、器官体系或动物体系(如动物模型,优选非人哺乳动物的动物模型,如鼠、兔、羊、猴)。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述方法还包括:对上面步骤获得的候选药物进一步测试其抑制糖尿病肾病的效果,若测试化合物对糖尿病肾病有显著的抑制效果,则说明该候选药物为治疗糖尿病肾病的候选药物。
本发明提供了一种内皮细胞的保护方法,所述方法是施用EMCN的促进剂。所述促进剂是指任何可增加EMCN蛋白的活性、提高EMCN基因或蛋白的稳定性、上调EMCN蛋白的表达、增加EMCN蛋白有效作用时间、或促进EMCN基因的转录和翻译的物质,这些物质均可用于本发明,作为对于上调EMCN有用的物质,从而可用于预防或治疗糖尿病肾病。例如所述的促进剂包括核酸促进剂,蛋白促进剂。所述促进剂包括但不限于过表达EMCN的载体或其构建物、EMCN蛋白或其活性肽。
本发明提供了EMCN的促进剂在制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物中的应用。
术语“治疗”通常涉及治疗和理疗人或动物(例如,在兽医应用中),其中实现一些期望的治疗效果,例如抑制疾病进展,并包括降低进展率、停止进展率、减轻疾病症状、改善疾病和治愈疾病。也包括作为预防性手段(即,预防)的治疗。例如,术语“治疗”也包括对尚未发生疾病但是有发生疾病的危险的病人的应用。
如本发明中使用的,“治疗”(及其语法变型)指试图改变所治疗个体的自然进程的临床干预,可以是为了预防或在临床病理学的进程中进行。治疗的期望效果包括但不限于预防疾病的发生或复发,缓解症状,削弱疾病的任何直接或间接病理学后果,预防转移,减缓疾病进展的速率,改善或减轻疾病状态,及免除或改善预后。在本发明的一些实施方案中,使用EMCN的促进剂来延迟疾病的形成或减缓疾病的进展。
本发明提供了EMCN在构建预测糖尿病肾病的计算模型中的应用,正如熟练技术人员知道的,可以以不同方式实施和实现将标志物水平与某种可能性或风险关联起来的步骤。优选的,在数学上组合标志物和一种或多种其它标志物的测定浓度,并将组合值与根本的诊断问题关联起来。可以通过任何适宜的现有技术数学方法将标志物值的测定组合。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1 EMCN在糖尿病肾脏组织中的表达
1.1 材料
1.1.1 实验动物
雄性8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠,雄性4月龄db/db小鼠(Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠)和db/m小鼠(无糖尿病表型小鼠),这些小鼠均购自北京唯尚立德生物科技有限公司。
1.1.2 实验材料
STZ(sigma,S0130),Endomucin抗体(sc-65495,Santa),RIPA裂解液(碧云天,P0013B),蛋白酶抑制剂(碧云天,P1046),BCA蛋白测定试剂盒(Beyotime, P0010),NC膜,脱脂奶粉,TBST,羊抗大鼠IgG-HRP二抗,Western blotting luminor reagent(Santa Cruz,sc-2048)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 STZ诱导小鼠糖尿病肾病的发生
将8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为两组,对照组和STZ组,实验前将小鼠饥饿24h。多次腹腔小剂量注射STZ(50mg/kg体重)诱导糖尿病的发生,对照组腹腔注射等体积的柠檬酸溶液。STZ注射4个月后,取肾脏组织进行后续实验。
1.2.2 Western blot检测EMCN蛋白表达水平
使用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液从肾脏皮质中提取总蛋白,然后通过BCA蛋白测定试剂盒测定其浓度。将等量的蛋白质样品上样至SDS-PAGE,然后转移到硝酸纤维素膜上。用5%脱脂牛奶封闭后,将膜与抗PSGL-1和GAPDH的一抗在4℃孵育过夜,然后与辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗孵育1h。蛋白带通过Tanon 5500化学发光成像系统进行成像。
1.3 结果
结果如图1所示,两种糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中EMCN在肾脏组织中的表达均出现了明显降低。与对照的db/m小鼠相比,db/db小鼠肾脏皮质中EMCN蛋白表达水平明显降低(1A),STZ诱导4个月后小鼠肾脏组织中EMCN表达水平明显降低(1B)。
实施例2 内皮细胞特异性敲除EMCN加重小鼠糖尿病肾病的发生和发展
2.1 材料
2.1.1 实验动物
Emcn-Tek-creERT2-APOE-KO小鼠由北京唯尚立德生物科技有限公司构建完成,实验中选择雄性,8周龄小鼠。
2.1.2 实验试剂
STZ(sigma,S0130),他莫昔芬(T5648, sigma),PAS染色试剂盒(G1281,Solarbio),Masson染色试剂盒(G1340, Solarbio),尿蛋白检测试剂盒(ab108792),尿肌酐含量检测试剂盒。
2.2 方法
2.2.1 他莫昔芬诱导内皮细胞特异性敲除EMCN小鼠构建
将基因型为(f/f,+,-/-) 的Emcn-Tek-creERT2-APOE-KO小鼠连续5天他莫昔芬灌胃诱导内皮细胞EMCN敲除。他莫昔芬的溶剂为玉米油:无水乙醇=10:1,溶剂配他莫昔芬15mg/ml,按75μg/10g体重灌胃。灌胃一周后采用多次腹腔小剂量注射STZ(50mg/kg体重)诱导糖尿病的发生,和同样采用STZ诱导的Emcn-Tek-creERT2-APOE-KO(f/f,-/-)小鼠进行比较。
2.2.2 尿蛋白和尿肌酐含量测定
根据试剂盒步骤,采用ELISA方法测定小鼠尿液中尿蛋白和尿肌酐含量。
2.2.3 HE染色
将肾脏组织常规固定后,脱水包埋,将切好的肾脏石蜡切片经脱蜡至水处理,然后用苏木素染色5min,自来水冲洗;盐酸乙醇分化30sec;流水冲洗,或者用淡氨水返蓝5sec;伊红染色5min,自来水冲洗;常规脱水、脱酒精,透明,封片。
2.2.4 Masson染色
将肾脏组织常规固定后,脱水包埋,将切好的肾脏石蜡切片经脱蜡至水处理,于室温下与Bouin液作用一晚,然后流水冲洗;天青石蓝染液染色2min,稍水洗后用苏木素染色2min,稍水洗后酸性乙醇分化液分化数秒;流水冲洗10 min后用丽春红品红染色液染10min,蒸馏水稍水洗;磷钼酸溶液处理约10min,倾去上液,切片不用水洗,直接滴入苯胺蓝染色液染5min;弱酸溶液处理2min;常规脱水、脱酒精,透明,封片。
2.2.5 PAS染色
将肾脏组织常规固定后,脱水包埋,石蜡切片脱蜡至水,自来水冲洗2-3min,再用蒸馏水冲洗2次,然后将样本置于氧化剂中,室温敷育6min,自来水冲洗1次,再用蒸馏水洗2次。之后将样本放入Schiff染色液,浸染10min,自来水冲洗10min,然后将样本置于苏木素染色液中,之后采用酸性分化液分化2-5s,自来水冲洗10min使其返蓝。常规脱水、脱酒精,透明,封片。
2.3 结果
结果如图2所示,EMCN敲除组中,EMCN的表达水平明显降低(2A),敲除EMCN并不影响小鼠的血糖水平和体重(2B和2C)。但是,EMCN敲除明显增加了肾脏/体重比和尿蛋白/肌酐比值(2D和2E)。同时,EMCN敲除增加了肾小球基质胶原沉积和糖原沉积(2F),EMCN敲除后内皮型一氧化氮合酶的表达水平明显下调(2G)。以上结果表明,在小鼠中敲除EMCN加重了糖尿病肾病的发生发展。
实施例3 内皮细胞特异性过表达EMCN缓解小鼠糖尿病肾病的发生和发展
3.1 材料
3.1.1 实验动物
雄性8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠,购自北京唯尚立德生物科技有限公司。
3.1.2 实验试剂
AAV9.EMCN和AAV9.Control购自山东维真生物科技有限公司,其他试剂和材料同实施例2。
3.2 方法
3.2.1 小鼠分组注射AAV9.EMCN和AAV9.Control腺相关病毒
将C57BL/6J小鼠分为四组,AV9.Control,STZ组+AAV9.Control组,AAV9.EMCN,STZ+AAV9.EMCN。STZ给药方式同实施例1,AAV9.EMCN和AAV9.Control腺相关病毒给药剂量为1*1013vg/只。
3.2.2 尿蛋白和尿肌酐含量测定
同实施例2。
3.2.3 HE染色
同实施例2。
3.2.4 Masson染色
同实施例2。
3.2.5 PAS染色
同实施例2。
3.3 结果
实验结果如图3所示,与对照组小鼠相比,STZ诱导之后小鼠空腹血糖水平明显升高,给予AAV9.EMCN处理并不影响小鼠血糖水平(3B和3C)。STZ处理明显增加了肾脏/体重比和尿蛋白/肌酐比值,而AAV9.EMCN处理降低了STZ诱导的肾脏/体重比和尿蛋白/肌酐比值的增加(3D和3E)。同时AAV9.EMCN处理明显改善了STZ诱导的小鼠肾小球胶原沉积和糖原沉积(3F-3H)。
实施例4 内皮细胞特异性过表达EMCN对内皮细胞的保护作用
4.1 材料
4.1.1 实验动物
实验动物和分组同实施例3。
4.1.2 实验试剂
Sydecan-1和heparin sulfate ELISA检测试剂盒(上海信帆),Wheat germagglutinin(WGA, Sigma L4895-2MG),anti-Hepranase antibody (sc-515935, santa),anti-CD31 antibody (ab9498),Anti-Syndecan-1 antibody (ab128936).
4.2 方法
4.2.1 ELISA
根据试剂盒说明书检测血浆中Sydecan-1和heparin sulfate含量。
4.2.2 透射电镜
小鼠麻醉取血后,经心脏灌流PBS,然后迅速切除米粒大小的肾皮质组织,放入2.5%戊二醛固定,固定48h后用0.1 M二甲胂酸(盐)缓冲液冲洗,1 %四氧化锇后固定,蒸馏水冲洗。肾组织经乙醇脱水后用环氧树脂(Agar Scientific)包埋,之后进行切片,切片厚50 ~100 nm,用3 %(水)醋酸铀和雷诺柠檬酸铅溶液染色。通过透射电子显微镜及相关设备获取肾小球区域的电子图像。
4.2.3 免疫荧光
将新鲜取材的肾脏组织用OTC包埋剂进行包埋,之后进行冰冻切片。将冰冻切片用PBS洗三次,5min/次,然后用4%的多聚甲醛固定30min,PBS洗三次,5min/次,0.1%Triton穿透30min,PBS冲洗细胞表面,加入封闭液(10%山羊封闭血清+ PBS)封闭1小时,之后4℃敷育一抗过夜。隔日,用PBS清洗玻片3次,每次10 min,用PBS配置二抗,荧光二抗室温孵育1小时,用PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,DAPI染色(1:100)室温孵育30 min,用PBS清洗3次,每次5min,在载玻片上滴入适量的50%甘油,将玻片倒扣于载玻片上,用中性树脂封片剂将盖玻片封片,荧光显微镜采集图像。
4.3 结果
结果如图4所示,STZ诱导之后小鼠血浆中SDC-1和HS含量明显增加,而AAV9.EMCN处理能明显降低二者的增加水平(4A和4B)。STZ诱导组中肾小球内皮细胞表面光滑,糖萼复合物成分缺失,而同时给予AAV9.EMCN处理则能够抑制内皮细胞表面糖萼复合物的降解(4C)。同时采用免疫荧光检测肾小球内皮细胞表面的SDC-1和WGA的结果也说明了这一现象(4D-4G),即糖尿病肾病小鼠肾小球内皮细胞表面糖萼复合物表达减少,降解增多,导致血浆中糖萼复合物含量增加,而AAV9.EMCN处理能够回复肾小球内皮细胞表面糖萼复合物的表达,导致释放到血浆中的糖萼复合物含量减少。此外,4H的结果表明AAV9.EMCN通过抑制硫酸肝素酶的表达发挥作用。
上述实施例的说明只是用于理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也将落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种非治疗目的的糖萼复合物降解导致的肾小球内皮细胞损伤的保护方法,其特征在于,施用EMCN的促进剂,所述促进剂为EMCN的过表达载体。
2.EMCN的促进剂在制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物组合物中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述促进剂促进EMCN的表达水平。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述促进剂包括EMCN过表达的载体或其构建物。
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