CN114658348A - Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method - Google Patents
Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114658348A CN114658348A CN202210329431.7A CN202210329431A CN114658348A CN 114658348 A CN114658348 A CN 114658348A CN 202210329431 A CN202210329431 A CN 202210329431A CN 114658348 A CN114658348 A CN 114658348A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种冲击波破岩装置、系统、方法及固液复合含能材料和制备方法，包括筒壁、高压极杆和回流柱；筒壁安装于支架上，筒壁前端设置接地端子，末端连接回流柱，并设置高压极杆；高压极杆上设置高压端子和高压极；高压极杆与筒壁之间设置绝缘层；回流柱的内侧，高压极与地电极之间的空腔填充有固液复合含能材料。本发明冲击波破岩装置可靠性更高，能够相同时间内实现更高频次冲击波的重复产生。本发明取消雷管和爆炸物的使用，采用电极间隙放电直接起爆含能材料，提高装置运行的安全性，使其符合民用安全标准。同时本装置简化了负载结构、取消金属丝和外壳的使用，以提高装置可靠性、降低运行成本，实现高效经济的岩石弱化或破碎。
The invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking device, a system, a method, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method, comprising a cylinder wall, a high-voltage pole and a return column; The end is connected to a return column, and a high-voltage pole is set; a high-voltage terminal and a high-voltage pole are set on the high-voltage pole; an insulating layer is set between the high-voltage pole and the cylinder wall; the inner side of the return column is filled with the cavity between the high-voltage pole and the ground electrode There are solid-liquid composite energetic materials. The shock wave rock breaking device of the invention has higher reliability, and can realize the repeated generation of higher frequency shock waves in the same time. The invention cancels the use of detonators and explosives, adopts electrode gap discharge to directly detonate energetic materials, improves the safety of device operation, and makes it conform to civil safety standards. At the same time, the device simplifies the load structure and eliminates the use of metal wires and casings, so as to improve the reliability of the device, reduce operating costs, and achieve efficient and economical rock weakening or crushing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power rock breaking, and relates to a device, a system and a method for breaking rock by using shock waves, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method.
Background
Rock breaking technology is one of the key technologies for oil and gas resource exploitation, and the rock breaking efficiency determines the drilling speed, the cost and the economic benefit. With the development of the depth and the breadth of resource exploitation and the pursuit of the safety and the controllability of the exploitation technology, the development of a novel rock crushing technology is urgently needed. In recent years, the application of pulse power technology in the field of oil and gas exploitation is gradually emphasized, and the technology is different from the traditional rock breaking technology, converts electric energy into mechanical energy in modes of liquid-electricity effect, underwater metal wire electric explosion and the like so as to achieve the effect of breaking rocks, and has the advantages of controllability, safety, good repeatability and the like. However, the technology is limited by the energy storage and energy conversion efficiency of the power supply, and cannot generate shock waves with enough energy in a complex terrain environment, so that the further development and application of the pulse power technology in the field of oil and gas exploitation are severely restricted.
Based on the background, researchers propose a load configuration that an insensitive energetic material is coated outside a metal wire, and the metal wire electric explosion is used for driving the energetic material to deflagrate or explode, so that the output shock wave energy is improved. The problem with this technique is that the load is complicated and expensive to manufacture, and the wires are prone to breakage during shipping, long term storage and equipment operation, rendering the load ineffective. In addition, the continuous working capacity of the equipment based on the metal wire-energetic material load is poor, the repeated shock wave output within a certain time period can be realized only by a matched load conveying device, and the load conveying device is complex in structure and poor in working reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a device, a system and a method for breaking rock by using shock waves, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method. The invention simplifies the load structure and improves the viability under the complex environment, for example, the use of metal wires and even load shells is eliminated, so as to improve the reliability of the device, reduce the operation cost and realize the efficient and economic rock weakening or breaking.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a shock wave rock breaking apparatus comprising:
the cylinder wall is arranged on the bracket, the front end of the cylinder wall is provided with a grounding terminal, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column, and a high-voltage pole rod is arranged in the cylinder wall;
the front end of the high-voltage pole rod is provided with a high-voltage terminal, and the tail end of the high-voltage pole rod is provided with a high-voltage pole; an insulating layer is arranged between the high-voltage pole rod and the cylinder wall;
the tail end of the reflux column is provided with a ground electrode; and a cavity between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode on the inner side of the reflux column is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material.
The rock breaking device by shock waves is further improved in that:
the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer which are distributed on two sides of the high-voltage pole rod, an energetic material injection channel is formed between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall, and an explosive product guide channel is formed between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall.
The high-voltage electrode is a thread high-voltage electrode, and the ground electrode is a circular arc ground electrode.
A shock wave rock breaking system comprises a shock wave rock breaking device, wherein the shock wave rock breaking device is arranged in a hole which is drilled in a target rock and has the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device; the high-voltage pole of the shock wave rock breaking device is connected with the three-electrode switch through a coaxial cable and is used for discharging to the gap of the energetic material in the shock wave rock breaking device; the three-electrode switch is connected with the high-voltage pulse capacitor.
A method for breaking rock by shock waves comprises the following steps:
step 1, drilling a hole with the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device on a target rock, and installing the shock wave rock breaking device in the hole;
step 2, filling the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through the energetic material injection channel until the high-voltage electrode is submerged to form an energetic material gap;
step 4, charging the high-voltage pulse capacitor by a high-voltage power supply until a target stores energy, discharging the capacitor to an energetic material gap through a coaxial cable after triggering a three-electrode switch, delaying the energetic material gap for 0.5-10 microseconds to form an arc discharge channel, converting electric energy into heat energy, depositing the heat energy in the energetic material, and exploding the energetic material to generate shock waves to crack rocks;
and 6, repeatedly executing the steps 2-5 in the same rock hole until the rock reaches a preset fracturing rate.
The rock breaking method by shock waves is further improved as follows:
the included angle between the hole and the horizontal plane is not less than the minimum working angle of the device.
And judging whether the energetic material gap is formed or not by diagnosing the gap capacitance.
The solid-liquid composite energetic material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
30-40 parts of nitromethane, 10-30 parts of metal oxide powder and 30-60 parts of aluminum powder; the metal oxide powder comprises copper oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide or ferroferric oxide; the particle size of the metal oxide powder is 1-100 mu m; the granularity of the aluminum powder is 1-100 mu m.
A preparation method of a solid-liquid composite energetic material comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing metal oxide powder and aluminum powder to obtain a mixture A;
step 2, adding nitromethane into the mixture A, and stirring under a vacuum condition to completely mix the nitromethane and the mixture A to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 4, adding the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a shell cavity between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode;
and 6, switching on the switch, injecting energy into the gap of the energetic material by the high-voltage pulse capacitor to form a discharge channel, and detonating the energetic material.
The preparation method of the solid-liquid composite energetic material is further improved in that:
in the step 2, the temperature for stirring and mixing under the vacuum condition is 20-40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 100-1000 r/min; the stirring time is 0.5min to 30 min;
in the step 3, the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode and the solid-liquid composite energetic material are coaxially arranged, and the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 5-100 mm;
in the step 4, the shell comprises rocks, concrete, a metal shell or a silicone tube;
in the step 6, the charging voltage of the high-voltage pulse capacitor is 10-50 kV, the capacitance is 0.1-10 muF, and the energy storage is more than 1000J.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a shock wave rock breaking device, which comprises a main body divided into a coaxial electric energy transmission device and an energetic material circulating device. In a pulse discharge period, the energetic material circulating device can convey the solid-liquid composite energetic material between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, and the stored energy in the pulse capacitor is loaded to two ends of the gap of the energetic material through the coaxial electric energy transmission device to form the initiation of the solid-liquid composite energetic material after arc discharge. And the shock wave formed by arc discharge and the shock wave formed by the initiation of the solid-liquid composite energetic material are superposed and act on the rock together. In the process, a detonator is not needed, and the solid-liquid composite energetic material is directly detonated by adopting electrode gap discharge, so that the running safety of the device is improved, and the device meets the civil safety standard. Meanwhile, the load structure is simplified, the viability under the complex environment is improved, for example, a metal wire or even a load shell is omitted, the reliability of the device is improved, and the operation cost is reduced. The invention can generate shock waves with fixed amplitude, impulse and energy under the drive of a pulse source with specific parameters, and has excellent repeatability; the amplitude, impulse and energy of the shock wave generated by pulse discharge are effectively improved, and the parameter requirement of the driving source is obviously reduced on the premise of ensuring safety, reliability and high repeatability.
The nitromethane, the nano oxide powder and the aluminum powder adopted by the solid-liquid composite energetic material have good stability under strong impact (less than or equal to 500MPa) and high temperature (less than or equal to 130 ℃) and high static pressure (less than or equal to 50MPa), so that the solid-liquid composite energetic material has good safety in the processes of storage and transportation and is not easy to sympathetic explosion in the using process; and the preparation process of the energetic material is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the energetic material is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
The preparation method of the solid-liquid composite energetic material saves a detonator filled with high-sensitivity explosive, does not contain other explosives, and improves the engineering application safety. The gap discharge of the electrodes does not need to assemble metal wires between the electrodes, and does not need to assemble load installation in advance, so that the gap discharge is more concise and reliable, and the engineering application cost is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the energetic material circulating device conveys the energetic material between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode before detonation, and the explosive is discharged out of the device after detonation, so that the rapid recycling of the device is realized, and the efficiency of crushing rocks is greatly improved. In addition, an electric arc formed by pulse discharge is not only a shock wave energy source, but also a driving factor of detonation of the solid-liquid composite energetic material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a shock wave rock breaking device based on the method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the shock wave rock breaking device after the electrode structure is improved.
FIG. 3 is a working schematic diagram of a shock wave rock breaking device based on the method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of the discharge of the method for directly initiating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by the electrode gap discharge in the embodiment 1.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the shock wave generated by the solid-liquid composite energetic material initiated by the discharge in the electrode gap in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the shock wave generated by the solid-liquid composite energetic material initiated by the electrode gap discharge in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the impulse waves generated by the solid-liquid composite energetic material initiated by the electrode gap discharge in example 3.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the shock wave generated by the solid-liquid composite energetic material initiated by the discharge in the electrode gap in the embodiment 4.
Wherein: 1-high voltage pole rod, 2-insulating layer, 3-cylinder wall, 4-bracket, 5-high voltage terminal, 6-high voltage pole, 7-grounding terminal, 8-reflux column, 9-ground electrode, 10-solid-liquid composite energetic material, 11-energetic material injection channel, 12-explosive product discharge channel, 13-arc ground electrode, 14-thread-shaped high voltage pole, 15-target rock, 16-high voltage pulse capacitor, 17-three-electrode switch, 18-coaxial cable, 19-energetic material gap and 20-shock wave.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually arranged when the product of the present invention is used, the description is merely for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal", if present, does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be broadly construed and interpreted as including, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking device, which comprises a cylinder wall 3, a high-voltage pole rod 1 and a reflux column 8. The cylinder wall 3 is arranged on the bracket 4, the front end of the cylinder wall 3 is provided with a grounding terminal 7, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column 8, and the inside of the cylinder wall is provided with a high-voltage pole rod 1; the front end of the high-voltage pole rod 1 is provided with a high-voltage terminal 5, and the tail end is provided with a high-voltage pole 6; an insulating layer 2 is arranged between the high-voltage pole rod 1 and the cylinder wall 3; the insulating layer 2 comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer which are distributed on two sides of the high-voltage pole rod 1, an energetic material injection channel 11 is formed between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3, and an explosive product guide channel 12 is formed between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3. The end of the reflux column 8 is provided with a ground electrode 9; the cavity between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 on the inner side of the reflux column 8 is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material 10.
The invention relates to a shock wave rock breaking device based on a method for directly detonating a solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge. Specifically, the coaxial electric energy transmission device comprises a high-voltage pole rod 1, an insulating layer 2, a cylinder wall 3, a bracket and a matching connecting piece 4. One end of the high-voltage pole rod is a high-voltage terminal 5 for connecting the capacitance discharge switch and the high-voltage pulse capacitor, and the other end of the high-voltage pole rod is a high-voltage pole 6. One end of the cylinder wall is a grounding terminal 7 which is grounded, the other end of the cylinder wall is connected with a ground electrode 9 through a reflux column 8, and two axial through holes are reserved in the cylinder wall and used for assembling the energetic material circulating device. The energetic material circulating device consists of an energetic material injection channel 11 and an explosive product discharge channel 12, and after the energetic material circulating device and the coaxial electric energy transmission device are assembled, the solid-liquid composite energetic material 10 can be injected between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through the energetic material circulating device to form an energetic material discharge gap. The number of the reflux columns is 3, and an unsealed cylindrical structure is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, so that the solid-liquid composite energetic material can be in direct contact with the rock.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention discloses another structure of a shock wave rock breaking device with an improved electrode structure. Compared to the device in fig. 1, it improves the discharge structure of the discharge gap of the energetic material. Specifically, the high-voltage electrode 6 is a threaded high-voltage electrode 14, and the ground electrode 9 is a circular arc-shaped ground electrode 13. The improved electrode structure cancels a reflux column and directly installs the circular arc ground electrode 13 on the cylinder wall. In addition, the high-voltage electrode is replaced by a thread-shaped high-voltage electrode 14, and the distance between the top end of the high-voltage electrode and the insulating layer is longer. When the device works, the solid-liquid composite energetic material is injected between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, is in direct contact with rocks and is constrained in rock holes. When discharging, because high-voltage pole and circular arc ground electrode are all more smooth, consequently can not take place to puncture. And a large number of bulges exist on the surface of the thread-shaped high-voltage electrode, and the thread-shaped high-voltage electrode can be punctured with the circular arc-shaped ground electrode to form an electric arc and explode the energetic material. The improved electrode structure device has the advantages that no reflux column structure is arranged, so that the manufacturing process is greatly simplified, and the production cost is reduced. And the reflux column can bear strong shock waves during the operation of the device, physical damage such as bending and the like is easy to occur, and the reliability and the durability of the device can be improved after the reflux column is cancelled.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking system, which includes a shock wave rock breaking device installed in a hole drilled in a target rock 15 and having the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device; the high-voltage pole rod 1 of the shock wave rock breaking device is connected with a three-electrode switch 17 through a coaxial cable 18 and is used for discharging to an energetic material gap 19 in the shock wave rock breaking device; the three-electrode switch 17 is connected to the high-voltage pulse capacitor 16.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a rock breaking method by using the shock wave, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, drilling a hole with the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device on a target rock 15, and installing the shock wave rock breaking device in the hole; the included angle between the hole and the horizontal plane is not less than the minimum working angle of the device.
Step 2, filling the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 through the energetic material injection channel 11 until the high-voltage electrode 6 is submerged to form an energetic material gap 19; whether the energetic material gap 19 is formed is judged by diagnosing the gap capacitance.
step 4, the high-voltage power supply charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor 16 until the target stores energy, the capacitor discharges to the gap 19 of the energetic material through the coaxial cable 18 after the three-electrode switch 17 is triggered, and the energetic material explodes to generate shock waves 20 to crack rocks;
and 6, repeatedly executing the steps 2-5 in the same rock hole until the rock reaches a preset fracturing rate.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a solid-liquid composite energetic material for direct initiation of electrode gap discharge, which comprises, by mass, 30-40 parts of nitromethane, 10-30 parts of metal oxide powder and 30-60 parts of aluminum powder.
The types of the metal oxide powder include, but are not limited to, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide and ferroferric oxide, the particle size range of the metal oxide powder is 1-100 mu m, and the particle size range of the aluminum powder is 1-100 mu m.
The invention also discloses a method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 101: placing the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder in a three-dimensional blending instrument to be mixed for 30 minutes so as to be completely and uniformly mixed;
step 102: adding nitromethane into the uniformly mixed metal oxide powder and aluminum powder, and stirring under a vacuum condition to completely mix the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material; the temperature for stirring and mixing is 20-40 ℃; the stirring speed is 100 r/min-1000 r/min; the stirring time is 0.5min to 30 min.
Step 2: assembling a solid-liquid composite energetic material between electrodes:
step 201: arranging a shell outside the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode to fix the composite energetic material; the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode and the solid-liquid composite energetic material are coaxially arranged, and the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 5-100 mm.
Step 202: adding a solid-liquid composite energetic material into a shell cavity between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode; the shell comprises but not limited to rocks, concrete and other objects needing to be fractured, and also comprises a metal shell, a silicone tube and the like to generate strong shock waves in media such as air, water and the like.
And step 3: initiating a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 302: charging the high-voltage pulse capacitor through a high-voltage power supply until the energy stored by the capacitor meets the requirement; the charging voltage of the high-voltage pulse capacitor is 10-50 kV, the capacitance capacity is 0.1-10 muF, and the energy storage is more than 1000J.
Step 303: and the switch is switched on, the high-voltage pulse capacitor injects energy into the gap of the energetic material to form a discharge channel, and the energetic material is detonated.
The structural principle of the invention is as follows:
the device quickly fills the solid-liquid composite energetic material between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode through an internal pipeline, generates electric arcs in the gaps of the energetic material through pulse source discharge so as to detonate the energetic material, generates shock waves with extremely strong amplitude, impulse and energy, and can be used for efficiently crushing rocks in the fields of oil and gas exploitation and the like. In addition, after each action of the device, the solid-liquid composite energetic material can be directly filled in the original position, and strong shock waves can be generated again after the capacitor discharges, so that the device has extremely high working efficiency.
The shock wave rock breaking device comprises a cylinder wall 3, a high-voltage pole rod 1 and a reflux column 8. The cylinder wall 3 is arranged on the bracket 4, the front end of the cylinder wall 3 is provided with a grounding terminal 7, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column 8, and the inside of the cylinder wall is provided with a high-voltage pole rod 1; the front end of the high-voltage pole rod 1 is provided with a high-voltage terminal 5, and the tail end is provided with a high-voltage pole 6; an insulating layer 2 is arranged between the high-voltage pole rod 1 and the cylinder wall 3; the insulating layer 2 comprises a first insulating layer and a first insulating layer, an energetic material injection channel 11 is arranged between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3, and an explosive product outlet channel 12 is arranged between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3. The end of the reflux column 8 is provided with a ground electrode 9; the cavity between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 on the inner side of the reflux column 8 is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material 10.
In another possible embodiment of the present invention, the high-voltage electrode is a threaded high-voltage electrode 14, the ground electrode is an arc ground electrode 13, the threaded high-voltage electrode 14 is arranged in the middle of the cavity, and the arc ground electrode 13 is arranged at the end of the cylinder wall 3.
The method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge is characterized in that the solid-liquid composite energetic material is directly placed between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode to form an energetic material gap, a pulse power driving source injects a large amount of energy into the gap in a short time to break down the energetic material gap and form a discharge channel, and then the solid-liquid composite energetic material is driven to detonate, and finally shock waves with extremely strong amplitude and impulse are generated.
Following the above technical scheme, specific examples of the present invention are given below, and materials used in the following examples are all commercially available products.
TABLE 1 Mass of each component in solid-liquid composite energetic material under various mixture ratios
Example 1:
step 1: preparing a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 101: putting 1.2g of manganese dioxide powder and 1.8g of aluminum powder into a three-dimensional blending machine to be mixed for 30 minutes so as to be completely and uniformly mixed; wherein the granularity range of the manganese dioxide is 1-50 mu m, and the granularity range of the aluminum powder is 1-50 mu m; the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 40 mm.
Step 102: adding 1.5g of nitromethane into the uniformly mixed manganese dioxide powder and aluminum powder, and stirring for 30 minutes under a vacuum condition to completely mix the materials to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 2: assembling a solid-liquid composite energetic material between electrodes:
step 201: a hollow silicone tube is arranged between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode and used for fixing the position of the solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 202: adding the solid-liquid composite energetic material into an injector, and injecting the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a hollow silicone tube between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode;
and step 3: initiating a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 301: integrally immersing a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode and a solid-liquid composite energetic material into an aqueous medium, and installing a pressure sensor PCB 138 at a position 15cm away from the solid-liquid composite energetic material for measuring the amplitude, impulse and energy density of shock waves generated by explosion of the energetic material;
step 302: charging the capacitor through a high-voltage power supply until the energy stored in the capacitor reaches 1200J;
step 303: and triggering the three-electrode switch, injecting energy into the clearance of the energetic material by the capacitor, and detonating the energetic material.
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the kind of the metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by copper oxide.
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the type of the metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by ferric oxide.
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the type of the metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by ferroferric oxide.
Experimental testing and comparison of results:
referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from the discharge waveform diagram of example 1 that after the switch is triggered, the capacitor starts to inject energy into the gap of the energetic material, and the gap of the energetic material maintains a high resistance state within a time period of 0-5.5 μ s, the voltage applied between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode is very high, about 21kV, and a weak current flows through the energetic material, about 0.8 kA. During this time, the deposition rate of energy in the energetic material is slow and the explosion does not start.
And in a time period of 5.5-10 mu s, the interior of the energetic material is broken down, the voltage between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is rapidly reduced to about 5kV, and the current is rapidly increased to 23 kA. On the one hand, the stored energy in the capacitor is rapidly deposited inside the energetic material, so that the temperature of the energetic material in the breakdown channel is rapidly increased. On the other hand, the manganese dioxide powder in the solid-liquid composite energetic material and the aluminum powder are subjected to severe aluminothermic reaction due to temperature rise, and the temperature of the energetic material is further increased. The combined action of the two components causes the nitro methane to explode, and shock waves with extremely strong amplitude and impulse are generated.
Within a time period of 10-30 mu s, a stable discharge channel is formed inside the energetic material, and the voltage and current waveforms show synchronous oscillation attenuation until the voltage and current waveforms are zero. In the process, the capacitor still continuously deposits energy into the discharge channel of the energetic material, and further development of detonation waves in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is maintained until 1200J stored energy in the capacitor is released.
Referring to table 2, the method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material based on the electrode gap discharge is used for carrying out experimental tests on four kinds of solid-liquid composite energetic materials doped with different kinds of metal oxide powder, wherein the energy storage for detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material is 1200J, and the experimental results are finally obtained.
Table 2 experiment results of loading of metal wire-solid-liquid composite energetic material at various ratios
From the embodiments 1 to 4, it can be seen that the electrode gap discharge can directly initiate a plurality of solid-liquid composite energetic materials doped with different types of metal oxide powders, generate shock waves with extremely strong amplitude and impulse, and have a certain engineering application value. The principle is that a pulse source injects a large amount of energy into a gap of an energetic material in a short time, so that the energetic material is broken down and forms a discharge channel. And the metal oxide and the aluminum powder have violent aluminothermic reaction to release a large amount of heat, and the chemical reaction formulas are respectively 3CuO +2 Al-3 Cu + Al2O3、4MnO2+4Al＝3Mn+2Al2O3、Fe2O3+2Al＝2Fe+Al2O3In a similar manner to that of. The two materials are cooperated to explode the solid-liquid composite energetic material and maintain the propagation and development of detonation wave.
In comparison with examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the impulse and energy density of the shock wave generated by the explosion of the solid-liquid composite energetic material doped with the manganese dioxide powder are the highest, and the peak value of the shock wave generated by the explosion of the solid-liquid composite energetic material doped with the ferric oxide powder is the highest. This is due to the difference in reaction rates between different types of metal oxides and aluminum powder. Meanwhile, the doping of different kinds of metal oxides has a regulating effect on the shock wave generated by final explosion. In the actual engineering, the formula of the solid-liquid composite energetic material can be adjusted according to the needs to obtain the ideal shock wave peak value, impulse and energy density.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge, which can safely and reliably generate shock waves with extremely high amplitude, impulse and energy. The invention tests the shock wave generated by directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by the electrode gap discharge based on the shock wave generating device and the measuring system, and the result shows that the electrode gap discharge can stably detonate the energetic material when the energy stored by the driving source is more than 1000J. In addition, the solid-liquid composite energetic material adopted by the invention is slurry-shaped, has certain fluidity, can be directly filled between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through an internal pipeline, and greatly improves the generation efficiency of shock waves.
Referring to fig. 5-8, for the effect of the direct initiation of the solid-liquid composite energetic material by the electrode gap discharge of the invention to actually generate the shock wave, based on the shock wave generating device and the measuring system, the solid-liquid composite energetic material load initiation experiment under the doping of different metal oxide powders is carried out.
The working process of the shock wave rock breaking device is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the device is first installed in a hole by drilling a hole of a size similar to that of the shockwave breaking device in the target rock 15 using a tool such as a drill bit at an angle not smaller than the minimum working angle of the device with respect to the horizontal plane. Take one pulse discharge cycle as an example: firstly, filling a solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode through an energetic material injection channel until the high-voltage electrode is submerged to form an energetic material gap 19, and judging the process through diagnosing gap capacitance; then, injecting an aqueous medium between the upper liquid level of the gap of the energetic material and the insulating layer through the explosive product guide-out channel for protecting other components of the shock wave rock breaking device, wherein the energetic material is immiscible with water and has higher density, so that the aqueous medium cannot influence the detonation of the energetic material; then a high-voltage power supply charges a high-voltage pulse capacitor 16 until a target stores energy, the capacitor discharges to the gap of the energetic material through a coaxial cable 18 after a three-electrode switch 17 is triggered, and the energetic material explodes to generate a strong shock wave 20 to crack rocks; and finally, injecting an aqueous medium into the gap through the explosive product guide channel, fully mixing the aqueous medium with the explosive product, discharging the mixture into the rock, repeating the steps for multiple times until the explosive product is completely discharged, and re-forming a gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode to prepare for the energetic material again in the next discharge period. In actual engineering, the process can be repeated in the same rock hole until the rock reaches the ideal cracking rate.
The minimum working angle of the invention is calculated by the following formula, theta is equal to the included angle between the device and the horizontal plane, L is equal to the length of the high-voltage pole exceeding the insulating layer, and SminEqual to the minimum distance between the interface of the energetic material and the insulating layer, and D is equal to the diameter of the hole. When the device normally works, tan theta is not less than (D/(L-S)min)). The angle is larger than the angle, so that the interface of the energetic material can be ensured to exceed the bottom of the high-voltage pole rod, and the energetic material can be normally detonated under the action of electric arc; meanwhile, the interface of the energetic material does not contact with the insulating layer, so that the insulating layer is prevented from being damaged by explosion.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| WO2024082321A1 (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2024-04-25 | 西安交通大学 | Gelatinous energetic material and preparation method therefor, and related system and device |
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