CN114632407A - 固废焚烧尾气净化方法 - Google Patents
固废焚烧尾气净化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114632407A CN114632407A CN202011472679.6A CN202011472679A CN114632407A CN 114632407 A CN114632407 A CN 114632407A CN 202011472679 A CN202011472679 A CN 202011472679A CN 114632407 A CN114632407 A CN 114632407A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其包括以下步骤:1)将固废焚烧尾气引入急冷回流塔中,迅速降低焚烧尾气温度;2)急冷后的焚烧尾气进入多效过滤一体化装置,尾气中的酸性物质与脱酸剂酸碱中和反应,尾气中的NOX在催化剂的作用下与脱硝剂反应生成氮气,尾气中的二恶英在催化剂作用下发生分解反应,尾气中的颗粒物被滤芯过滤;3)步骤2)处理后的焚烧尾气进入换热器,降低焚烧尾气的温度;4)从步骤3)换热器流出的焚烧尾气进入过程强化传质设备与碱液发生酸碱中和反应,并向过程强化传质设备中通入氧化剂将NO氧化成高价态的N2O5,再利用碱液进一步吸收;以及5)净化后的焚烧尾气在引风机的作用下经过烟囱排出。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固体废物处理领域,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种固废焚烧尾气净化方法。
背景技术
当前,对危险废物、医疗废物、一般固废的处置方法有焚烧处置法、卫生填埋和堆肥处理法。相比其他方法,焚烧法具有减容、减量、能源再利用等优点,因此已逐渐成为我国处置危废、医废、一般固废的一项重要技术。
危险废物、医疗废物、一般固废种类繁多、成分复杂,焚烧后的烟气中含有粉尘、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氯化氢、氟化氢、二恶英等有害成分。目前,处理固废焚烧废气的主要工艺流程为“余热换热+急冷+干法脱酸+活性炭喷射+布袋除尘+湿法脱酸+烟气再热以及SNCR、SCR脱硝”等。该工艺对粉尘、氯化氢、二氧化硫等进行了有效去除,但是,存在净化处理步骤多、操作复杂、设备投入成本高、运行成本高、占地面积大等问题。
有鉴于此,确有必要提供一种简单、经济的固废焚烧尾气净化方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种简单、经济的固废焚烧尾气净化方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将固废焚烧尾气引入急冷回流塔中,迅速降低焚烧尾气的温度;
2)急冷后的焚烧尾气进入多效过滤一体化装置,尾气中的酸性物质与脱酸剂酸碱中和反应,尾气中的NOX在催化剂的作用下与脱硝剂反应生成氮气,尾气中的二恶英在催化剂作用下发生分解反应,尾气中的颗粒物被滤芯过滤;以及
3)步骤2)处理后的焚烧尾气进入换热器,降低温度;
4)从步骤3)换热器流出的焚烧尾气进入过程强化传质设备与碱液发生酸碱中和反应,并向过程强化传质设备中通入氧化剂将NO氧化成高价态的N2O5,再利用碱液进一步吸收;以及
5)净化后的焚烧尾气在引风机的作用下经过烟囱排出。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤1)中,急冷回流塔冷却的时间控制在1秒内,焚烧尾气的温度迅速降低至约280℃-380℃。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤1)中,焚烧尾气以切线方向进入急冷回流塔,沿着塔壁旋转上升,焚烧尾气中的粉尘在离心力的作用下进入被水雾拦截去除。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤2)中,焚烧尾气的流速为0.6-1m/min。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤2)中,所述催化剂为Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3体系。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤2)中,所述脱硝剂为氨水、液氨或尿素溶液。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤2)中,所述脱酸剂为小苏打或者消石灰。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤3)中,所述焚烧尾气进入换热器后,温度降至180℃以下。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤4)中,所述氧化剂为臭氧。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤4)中,所述碱液为含有Ca(OH)2或NaOH。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤4)中,所述过程强化传质设备产生废液,废液通过回流泵输送到急冷回流塔。
作为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的一种改进,步骤4)中,过程强化传质设备的转速500-2000rpm,碱液pH值大约为9-11。
相对于现有技术,本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法中,多效过滤一体化装置+过程强化传质设备两种整合式尾气净化技术协同处理,占地面积小,降低设备投资运行成本,工艺流程简单,操作方便,能有效脱除烟气中的粉尘、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氯化氢、氟化氢、二恶英等有害成分,实现尾气的超低排放。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法及其技术效果进行详细说明,其中:
图1为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法的工艺流程图。
图2为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法采用的固废焚烧尾气净化装置的结构示意图。
图3A和图3B为本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法采用的多效过滤一体化装置的结构示意图。
图中:1-急冷回流塔;2-多效过滤一体化装置;3-换热器;4-过程传质强化设备;5-引风机;6-箱体;7-提升装置;8-脉冲装置;9-多效过滤芯;10-电加热器;11-卸灰阀。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案及其技术效果更加清晰,以下结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明,并非为了限定本发明。
请参照图1所示,本发明提供了一种固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将固废焚烧尾气引入急冷回流塔1中,迅速降低焚烧尾气的温度;
2)急冷后的焚烧尾气进入多效过滤一体化装置2,尾气中的酸性物质与脱酸剂酸碱中和反应,尾气中的NOX在催化剂的作用下与脱硝剂反应生成氮气,尾气中的二恶英在催化剂作用下发生分解反应,尾气中的颗粒物被滤芯过滤;以及
3)步骤2)处理后的焚烧尾气进入换热器3,降低温度;
4)从步骤3)换热器流出的焚烧尾气进入过程强化传质设备4与碱液发生酸碱中和反应,并向过程强化传质设备4中通入氧化剂将NO氧化成高价态的N2O5,再利用碱液进一步吸收;以及
5)净化后的焚烧尾气在引风机5的作用下经过烟囱排出。
具体地,步骤1)中,急冷回流塔1可以包括塔本体、雾化喷枪、回流泵、灰斗、灰斗加热器、压力表和温度计,焚烧尾气以切线方向进入急冷回流塔1,沿着塔壁旋转上升,焚烧尾气中的粉尘在离心力的作用下进入被水雾拦截去除,并迅速将高温烟气冷却。根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,急冷回流塔1冷却的时间控制在1秒内,温度迅速降低至约280℃-380℃。
具体地,步骤2)中,多效过滤一体化装置2包括箱体6、提升装置7、脉冲装置8、多效过滤芯9、电加热器10和卸灰阀11,其中,多效过滤芯9包括纳米级催化粒子和滤芯基体材料。本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法采用干法脱酸,采用滤芯进行过滤除尘,采用选择性催化法进行脱硝,采用催化法进行二恶英的分解。多效过滤一体化装置2的滤芯基体材料包含硅酸铝纤维和无机黏着剂,可耐380℃高温,降低酸结露腐蚀风险,对于高温和腐蚀性化学物质抗性比传统的布袋除尘器滤袋(使用条件:150℃~200℃)更好,使用寿命长(相比于传统滤袋2年的使用寿命,多效过滤芯的寿命可达到5年左右)。多效过滤一体化装置2的滤芯里布满纳米级催化粒子,颗粒物或粉尘被阻挡在滤芯外表面,充分杜绝二氧化硫、重金属等有害物质与催化剂直接接触,催化剂可长时间表现高效活性。多效过滤滤芯纤维里的催化剂可直接分解二恶英,无二次污染物,节省运行成本。如此设置,脱硝效率在85%-90%之间,二恶英分解率约为99%,除尘效率大于99%,脱酸效率大于50%。
过程强化传质设备4包括箱体、离心旋转装置、液体喷洒装置、臭氧喷射装置。高效过程强化传质设备4传质效率高,能耗低,可作为多效过滤一体化装置2的补充,并且可协同处理废水,增加运行效益。根据本发明的一个实施方式,焚烧尾气的流速为0.6-1m/min。
步骤2)中,可以根据实际需要选择合适的催化剂、脱硝剂和脱酸剂。例如,根据本发明的一个实施方式,催化剂为Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3体系,脱硝剂为氨水、液氨或尿素溶液,脱酸剂为小苏打或者消石灰。经实际检验,利用废液与酸性气体反应脱酸,脱酸效率大于90%,利用碱液吸收N2O5,脱硝效率大于80%。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,步骤3)中,所述焚烧尾气进入换热器后,温度降至180℃以下。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,步骤4)中,所述氧化剂为臭氧,碱液为含有Ca(OH)2或NaOH,过程强化传质设备4产生废液,废液通过回流泵输送到急冷回流塔1,过程强化传质设备5的500-2000rpm,碱液pH值大约为9-11。
结合以上对本发明具体实施方式的详细描述可以看出,相对于现有技术,本发明固废焚烧尾气净化方法中,多效过滤一体化装置2+过程强化传质设备3两种整合式尾气净化技术协同处理,占地面积小,降低设备投资运行成本,工艺流程简单,操作方便,能有效脱除烟气中的粉尘、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氯化氢、氟化氢、二恶英等有害成分,实现尾气的超低排放。
根据上述原理,本发明还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外,尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语,但这些术语只是为了方便说明,并不对本发明构成任何限制。
Claims (12)
1.一种固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将固废焚烧尾气引入急冷回流塔中,迅速降低焚烧尾气的温度;
2)急冷后的焚烧尾气进入多效过滤一体化装置,尾气中的酸性物质与脱酸剂酸碱中和反应,尾气中的NOX在催化剂的作用下与脱硝剂反应生成氮气,尾气中的二恶英在催化剂作用下发生分解反应,尾气中的颗粒物被滤芯过滤;以及
3)步骤2)处理后的焚烧尾气进入换热器,降低温度;
4)从步骤3)换热器流出的焚烧尾气进入过程强化传质设备与碱液发生酸碱中和反应,并向过程强化传质设备中通入氧化剂将NO氧化成高价态的N2O5,再利用碱液进一步吸收;以及
5)净化后的焚烧尾气在引风机的作用下经过烟囱排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,急冷回流塔冷却的时间控制在1秒内,焚烧尾气的温度迅速降低至约280℃-380℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,焚烧尾气以切线方向进入急冷回流塔,沿着塔壁旋转上升,焚烧尾气中的粉尘在离心力的作用下进入被水雾拦截去除。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,焚烧尾气的流速为0.6-1m/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述催化剂为Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3体系。
6.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述脱硝剂为氨水、液氨或尿素溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述脱酸剂为小苏打或者消石灰。
8.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述焚烧尾气进入换热器后,温度降至180℃以下。
9.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述氧化剂为臭氧。
10.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述碱液为含有Ca(OH)2或NaOH。
11.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,所述过程强化传质设备产生废液,废液通过回流泵输送到急冷回流塔。
12.根据权利要求1所述的固废焚烧尾气净化方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,过程强化传质设备的转速500-2000rpm,碱液pH值大约为9-11。
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