CN114603845A - Online polarization 3D printing head made of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material - Google Patents
Online polarization 3D printing head made of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/314—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
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Abstract
一种压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料在线极化3D打印头，包括混料模块，混料模块的进料口和压电陶瓷进料模块、聚合物进料模块的出料口连接，混料模块的出料口和极化模块的进料口连接，极化模块的出料口和材料挤出模块的进料口连接，极化模块连接在桁架部分上；使用时先加热混料模块和极化模块；聚合物材料、压电陶瓷材料进入混料模块混合，在螺杆的推动下进入极化模块进行极化，形成被极化的压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的丝材，随着3D打印机的打印过程，压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料丝材按照3D打印方法成型零件；本发明实现压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料零件3D打印成型，能够得到各部位材料组成和压电性能不同的大尺寸三维制件。
A piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material on-line polarization 3D printing head, comprising a mixing module, a feeding port of the mixing module is connected with the feeding port of the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module and the polymer feeding module, and the material mixing The outlet of the module is connected to the inlet of the polarization module, the outlet of the polarization module is connected to the inlet of the material extrusion module, and the polarization module is connected to the truss part; when using, first heat the mixing module and Polarization module; polymer materials and piezoelectric ceramic materials enter the mixing module for mixing, and enter the polarization module for polarization under the push of the screw to form the wire of the polarized piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material. In the printing process of the 3D printer, the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material wire forms the parts according to the 3D printing method; the present invention realizes the 3D printing forming of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material parts, and can obtain different material compositions and piezoelectric properties of each part. large-scale 3D artifacts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing of piezoelectric composite materials, and particularly relates to an online polarization 3D printing head of a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material.
Background
Due to the excellent performance and characteristics of the ceramic piezoelectric material, the ceramic piezoelectric material is widely applied to the high-tech fields of electronics, information, aerospace and the like, but the piezoelectric ceramic material has the problems of high brittleness and difficult processing, and the application of the ceramic piezoelectric material in engineering structures is greatly limited; the polymer has the advantages of good fluidity, convenient molding, good processability, and the like, can enhance the adhesive property, the corrosion resistance and the processability of the composite material, and can design the structure of the composite material; the 3D printing technology is that the printing head carries out material filling manufacturing according to the section information of the current layer under the control of a program, and then required parts are quickly manufactured through layer-by-layer accumulation, so that any complex parts can be manufactured and the printing freedom degree is good; therefore, the 3D printing manufacturing method is used for selecting proper high molecular polymer and piezoelectric ceramic composite materials to manufacture piezoelectric composite material parts with excellent performance, and the method has great practical application value.
The 3D printing process of the piezoelectric composite material can be divided into three types, namely pre-manufacturing polarization, post-manufacturing polarization and on-line polarization according to the relationship between polarization treatment and the 3D printing forming process. The current 3D printing process of the piezoelectric composite material has the following three problems:
firstly, because the curie point temperature of the piezoelectric material exists, the temperature higher than the curie point temperature can cause the piezoelectric effect to be lost, so that the pre-manufacturing polarization can only be used in a 3D printing process in which the material is not heated in the manufacturing process, and the selection of the material is limited.
Secondly, the polarization after the manufacture is completely the same as the 3D printing process of the conventional ceramic and the composite material thereof in the aspect of part manufacture, and the polarization treatment is carried out after the part preparation is finished, but the polarization of large-size parts cannot be realized due to the voltage limitation of polarization equipment; meanwhile, the part is placed in an electric field to be integrally polarized, so that the electric domain directions and the polarization degrees of the part tend to be consistent, and programmable manufacturing of the piezoelectric performance of the part cannot be realized.
Third, in the existing 3D printing online polarization method, there are mainly air-contact polarization-assisted 3D printing (Kim H, Fernando T, Li MY, et al. Fabry and characterization of 3D printed BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites [ J ]. Journal of Composite Materials,2018,52(2): 197-) 206) and corona polarization-assisted 3D printing (Kim H, Torres F, Wu Y, et al. integrated 3D printing and corona polarization process of PVDF piezoelectric transducers for compression of sensor application [ J ]. rt Materials and Structures,2017,26(8): 085027). Air contact polarization assisted 3D printing, wherein a part in the printing process is polarized by applying an electrostatic field between a substrate and a nozzle of a material extrusion forming device by an air contact polarization method, but is limited by an air breakdown electric field and is only suitable for thin film parts (Lee C, Tarbuton JA. electric polarization-assisted manufacturing process for PVDF polymer-based piezoelectric devices applications [ J ]. Material and Structures,2014,23(9): 095044.). Corona polarization assists 3D to print, and through the corona needle point ionization air of shower nozzle department, and then to piezoelectric material polarization processing, corona polarization can only be used for the polarization of top layer piezoelectric material, and is not enough to the polarization ability of the piezoceramics of embedding in non-piezoelectric polymer. Therefore, it can be seen that the two existing online polarization 3D printing methods are also difficult to be used for polarization processing in the 3D printing process of three-dimensional large-size parts, and at the same time, the ability of programmable regulation and control of piezoelectric performance is also lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the online polarization 3D printing head made of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material, which meets the online polarization 3D printing requirement of the three-dimensional large-size part made of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material, has the capability of programmable regulation and control of piezoelectric performance, and explores a new online polarization 3D printing process for the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a piezoceramics polymer combined material online polarization 3D beats printer head, includes compounding module 1, and the feed inlet of compounding module 1 and piezoceramics feeding module 5, the discharge gate of polymer feeding module 6 are connected, and the discharge gate of compounding module 1 and the feed inlet of polarization module 2 are connected, and the discharge gate of polarization module 2 and the feed inlet of material extrusion module 3 are connected, and polarization module 2 is connected on truss part 4.
The material mixing module 1 comprises a melt cavity 1-7, wherein an upper side feed inlet 1-1 of the melt cavity 1-7 is connected with a polymer feed module 6, a lower side feed inlet 1-8 of the melt cavity 1-7 is connected with a piezoelectric ceramic feed module 5, a screw rod 1-4 is arranged in the melt cavity 1-7, the screw rod 1-4 is connected with a feeding servo motor 1-2 through a speed reducer 1-3, and the feeding servo motor 1-2 is arranged above the melt cavity 1-7; the first heating pipe 1-5 and the first heat-sensitive sensor 1-6 are arranged in the melt cavity 1-7 and used for maintaining the temperature of the melt cavity 1-7 to be constant.
The polarization module 2 comprises a constant temperature shell 2-7, the upper part of the constant temperature shell 2-7 is connected with the lower end of the melt cavity 1-7, a throat pipe 2-2 is connected inside the constant temperature shell 2-7, and the inlet of the throat pipe 2-2 is communicated with the outlet of the melt cavity 1-7; electrode plates 2-5 are arranged outside the throat pipe 2-2 in parallel, and the electrode plates 2-5 are supported and fixed in a constant-temperature shell 2-7 through insulating cushion blocks 2-4 and insulating gaskets 2-3 on the outer sides of the electrode plates; a second heating pipe 2-8 and a second thermal sensor 2-1 are arranged in the constant temperature shell 2-7 and used for maintaining the temperature of the polarization module 2 to be constant.
When the electrode plates 2-5 are externally connected with high voltage electricity, parallel electric fields for polarization are generated, and the intensity of the electrostatic fields between the electrode plates 2-5 is controlled in real time by changing external voltage.
The truss part 4 comprises a truss 4-1, and the constant temperature shell 2-7 is arranged on the truss 4-1 and is fixed by a truss fixing screw 4-2.
The material extrusion module 3 comprises a copper nozzle 3-1, the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected to the bottom of the constant-temperature shell 2-7, and the inlet of the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected with the outlet of the throat pipe 2-2.
The polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided with a second material one-way control valve 6-2 and a first material one-way control valve 5-2 at outlets, and a second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and a first material quantitative feeder 5-1 at inlets of the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided for controlling the composition ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material.
The use method of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material online polarization 3D printing head comprises the following steps:
1) installing an online polarization printing head in a 3D printer, filling materials in a polymer feeding module 6 and a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, respectively electrifying a first heating pipe 1-5 and a second heating pipe 2-8, heating until the temperature in a melt cavity 1-7 exceeds the melting point temperature of the polymer material, and enabling a constant-temperature shell 2-7 to reach a preset polarization temperature;
2) the polymer material enters the mixing module 1 under the action of the second material one-way control valve 6-2, becomes a molten state under the heating of the melt cavity 1-7, and moves towards the polarization module 2 under the pushing of the screw 1-4;
3) under the action of a first material one-way control valve 5-2, a piezoceramic material enters a melt cavity 1-7 from a lower side feed inlet 1-8 to be mixed with a polymer material, and then enters a throat pipe 2-2 to be polarized under the pushing of a screw 1-4;
4) high-voltage electrostatic fields are generated through the electrode plates 2-5, the polymer material melt serves as a dielectric medium and simultaneously provides a high-temperature environment for the piezoelectric ceramics, elements required for polarization are formed, a polarization environment is provided for the polarized piezoelectric ceramic particles, and the electric domain directions of the piezoelectric ceramic particles in the composite material tend to be consistent;
5) and finally extruding the polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material from the copper nozzle 3-1 to form a polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer ceramic wire, and forming a part by the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material wire according to a 3D printing method along with the printing process of a 3D printer.
The code capable of controlling the feeding servo motor, the polarization temperature and the polarization field intensity is added in the G code used in the printing process, so that the regulation and control of material components, mechanical properties and piezoelectric properties are realized.
The polymer adopts polymer particles or polymer wires, the piezoelectric ceramic material adopts piezoelectric ceramic particles, a wire making machine is used in advance in the using process to make the polymer particles and the piezoelectric ceramic particles into polymer-piezoelectric composite wires, the polymer-piezoelectric composite wires are fed from an upper material port 1-1, and a wire feeding device is connected outside the upper material port 1-1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the electrostatic field polarization principle and the material extrusion molding 3D printing principle, and can complete the polarization of the part material in the molding process of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material; the manufacturing of large-size piezoelectric composite material parts can be realized, the real-time quantitative supply of materials to be compounded can be realized by controlling the second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and the first material quantitative feeder 5-1, and the electrostatic field intensity between the electrode plates 2-5 can be controlled in real time by changing the external voltage, so that parts with different material compositions and piezoelectric properties at all parts can be obtained, and the requirements of the parts on the diversity of mechanical and electrical properties are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an in-line polarization 3D print head according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding and mixing part of an in-line polarization 3D printing head according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarized extrusion part of an in-line polarized 3D printing head according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in figure 1, the online polarization 3D printing head for the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material comprises a mixing module 1, wherein a feed port of the mixing module 1 is connected with a discharge port of a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 and a discharge port of a polymer feeding module 6, a discharge port of the mixing module 1 is connected with a feed port of a polarization module 2, a discharge port of the polarization module 2 is connected with a feed port of a material extrusion module 3, and the polarization module 2 is connected to a truss part 4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mixing module 1 comprises a melt chamber 1-7, an upper side feed port 1-1 of the melt chamber 1-7 is connected with a polymer feeding module 6, a lower side feed port 1-8 of the melt chamber 1-7 is connected with a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, and outlets of the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided with a second material one-way control valve 6-2 and a first material one-way control valve 5-2 to prevent backflow; the polymer feeding module 6 and the piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5 are provided with a second material quantitative feeder 6-1 and a first material quantitative feeder 5-1 at the inlets, and the composition ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material is controlled; a screw rod 1-4 is arranged in the melt cavity 1-7, the screw rod 1-4 is connected with a feeding servo motor 1-2 through a speed reducer 1-3, the feeding servo motor 1-2 is arranged above the melt cavity 1-7, and the feeding servo motor 1-2 drives the screw rod 1-4 to rotate so that the composite material moves towards the polarization module 2; the first heating pipe 1-5 and the first heat-sensitive sensor 1-6 are arranged in the melt chamber 1-7 and are used for maintaining the temperature of the melt chamber 1-7 to be constant.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the polarization module 2 comprises a constant temperature housing 2-7, the upper part of the constant temperature housing 2-7 is connected with the lower end of the melt chamber 1-7, a throat 2-2 is connected inside the constant temperature housing 2-7, and the inlet of the throat 2-2 is communicated with the outlet of the melt chamber 1-7; electrode plates 2-5 are arranged outside the throat pipe 2-2 in parallel, when the electrode plates 2-5 are externally connected with high voltage electricity, parallel electric fields for polarization are generated, and the electrostatic field intensity between the electrode plates 2-5 is controlled in real time by changing external voltage; the electrode plates 2-5 are supported and fixed in the constant-temperature shell 2-7 through insulating cushion blocks 2-4 and insulating gaskets 2-3 on the outer sides of the electrode plates; a second heating pipe 2-8 and a second thermal sensor 2-1 are arranged in the constant temperature shell 2-7 and used for maintaining the temperature of the polarization module 2 to be constant.
The truss part 4 comprises a truss 4-1, and the constant temperature shell 2-7 is arranged on the truss 4-1 and is fixed by a truss fixing screw 4-2.
The material extrusion module 3 comprises a copper nozzle 3-1, the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected to the bottom of the constant-temperature shell 2-7, an inlet of the copper nozzle 3-1 is connected with an outlet of the throat pipe 2-2, and the polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material is extruded.
The use method of the piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite material online polarization 3D printing head comprises the following steps:
1) installing an online polarization printing head in a 3D printer, filling materials in a polymer feeding module 6 and a piezoelectric ceramic feeding module 5, respectively electrifying a first heating pipe 1-5 and a second heating pipe 2-8, heating until the temperature in a melt cavity 1-7 exceeds the melting point temperature of the polymer material, and enabling a constant-temperature shell 2-7 to reach a preset polarization temperature;
2) the polymer material enters the mixing module 1 under the action of the second material one-way control valve 6-2, becomes a molten state under the heating of the melt cavity 1-7, and moves towards the polarization module 2 under the pushing of the screw 1-4;
3) under the action of a first material one-way control valve 5-2, a piezoceramic material enters a melt cavity 1-7 from a lower side feed inlet 1-8 to be mixed with a polymer material, and then enters a throat pipe 2-2 to be polarized under the pushing of a screw 1-4;
4) high-voltage electrostatic fields are generated through the electrode plates 2-5, the polymer material melt serves as a dielectric medium and simultaneously provides a high-temperature environment for the piezoelectric ceramics, elements required by polarization are formed, a polarization environment is provided for the polarized piezoelectric ceramic particles, and the electric domain directions of the piezoelectric ceramic particles in the composite material tend to be consistent;
5) extruding the polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material from the copper nozzle 3-1 to form a polarized piezoelectric ceramic-polymer ceramic wire, and forming a part by the piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite material wire according to a 3D printing method along with the printing process of a 3D printer; the G code used in the printing process is added with a code capable of controlling a feeding servo motor, the polarization temperature and the polarization field intensity, so that the regulation and control of the material components, the mechanical property and the piezoelectric property are realized.
The polymer adopts polymer particles or polymer wires, the piezoelectric ceramic material adopts piezoelectric ceramic particles, a wire making machine can be used in advance in the using process to make the polymer particles and the piezoelectric ceramic particles into polymer-piezoelectric composite wires, the polymer-piezoelectric composite wires are fed from an upper material port 1-1, and meanwhile, a wire feeding device is connected outside the upper material port 1-1.
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