CN114583846A - Dual-mode switching circuit of power amplifier rectifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier rectifier, which comprises an input/output matching network, a grid/drain electrode biasing network, a gallium nitride transistor, a coupler, a phase shifter, a direct current power supply, a radio frequency input power supply, a radio frequency/direct current switch, a transmitting/receiving antenna, a detector and a voltage stabilizer. The invention can be divided into two modes of a power amplifier and a rectifier, the switching of the two modes is realized by only a direct current switch and a radio frequency switch, the higher power efficiency can be achieved, the wireless charging and discharging of the equipment can be realized, and the power amplifier can be used as a charging end and a power generation end.

Description

A dual-mode switching circuit for power amplifier rectifier

technical field

The invention relates to the field of wireless power transmission systems, in particular to a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier.

Background technique

Wireless power transmission technology can effectively ensure the battery life of micro-UAVs, and can also be used for wireless power supply of sensors. However, in the prior art, the device cannot realize the functions of power amplification and rectification at the same time, so a radio frequency circuit is urgently needed in the art to realize the power amplification and rectification.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention proposes a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier. The circuit is a radio frequency circuit and can be used as a power amplifier in a transmitter and a rectifier in a receiver at the same time with a circuit structure. Complete the switching between these two modes. The circuit can realize wireless charging and discharging of the device, and can be used as a charging terminal or a power generating terminal.

Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

In one aspect, the present invention provides a dual-mode switching circuit for a power amplifier and rectifier, the circuit includes an input/output matching network, a gate bias network, a drain bias network, an input and output harmonic control network, a gallium nitride transistor, Couplers, phase shifters, DC power supplies, RF input power supplies, RF switches, DC switches, transmitting antennas, receiving antennas, detectors and voltage regulators;

The circuit includes a power amplifier mode and a rectifier mode.

Further, in the power amplifier mode,

The radio frequency switch is connected to the power source, and the DC switch is connected to the drain DC power supply;

The DC voltage of the gate bias network is provided by a part of the RF input power coupled out of the input RF signal through the rectification of the detector to generate a voltage; the DC voltage of the drain bias network is provided by a separate voltage source through a DC switch;

The phase shifter and the coupler at the output end do not work, and the detector close to the output end is in an open-circuit state;

The power source provides an input power signal, and is connected to the input matching transistor to achieve the best power input;

The gate bias network and the drain bias network respectively provide the gate and drain DC bias voltages, the gate DC bias voltage and the drain DC bias voltage provide the transistor with a static operating point, and the input terminal passes through the transistor to reconnect. The amplified power signal is then matched to the transmitting antenna through the output matching circuit, and the amplified power signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to complete the power amplification;

In rectifier mode,

The radio frequency switch is connected to the phase shifter, and the DC switch is connected to an equivalent resistance;

The coupler at the input end, the detector does not work;

The output terminal in the power amplifier mode is switched to the input terminal in the rectifier mode, the receiving antenna receives the RF signal, the received signal is passed through the coupler, and a part of the input power is passed through the detector and the voltage regulator to provide the gate bias network required. For the DC voltage, a part of the small signal input power of the gate is provided by the phase shifter, and the rest of the input power as the input terminal is matched to the transistor through the output matching circuit, and the obtained DC power output is output to the equivalent resistance.

Further, the voltage stabilizer provides the function of stabilizing the voltage.

Further, the switching between the power amplifier mode and the rectifier mode is controlled by a radio frequency switch and a DC switch.

Further, in the power amplifier mode, the radio frequency switch is connected to a power source, the DC switch is connected to a DC power supply, and the output antenna is in a transmitting antenna mode.

Further, in the rectifier mode, the radio frequency switch is connected to the phase shifter port, the DC switch is connected to the equivalent resistance port, and the output port antenna is transformed into a receiving antenna to provide radio frequency energy input for the rectifier.

Further, in the power amplifier mode, the power amplifier is a high-efficiency Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier, the input terminal provides the fundamental frequency input power, and the gate and drain bias networks provide the DC power supply voltage, so that the transistor is in the Appropriate static operating point, the input and output matching networks provide matching for the input and output terminals of the transistor, so that the input power can be obtained from the input terminal and the output power can be obtained from the output terminal. The harmonic control network controls the second and third harmonics of the output RF signal to Obtain the maximum DC-to-RF power conversion efficiency in power amplifier mode.

Further, in the rectifier mode, the rectifier is composed of the time reversal of the power amplifier, the equivalent resistance replaces the DC power port in the amplifier, and the theoretical value of the equivalent resistance is equal to the drain DC bias voltage and the DC power in the power amplifier mode. The ratio of bias current, the output port of the power amplifier is converted into the input port of the rectifier, and the input power is divided into two parts by the coupler. The size of the first part is required to correspond to the drain DC power in the power amplifier mode. Channel input, the size of the second part is required to be the fundamental frequency input power in the corresponding power amplifier mode, and the DC power obtained by rectification is output to the load through the drain bias circuit.

Further, the external input impedance of the power source is a power source of 50Ω.

Further, the two modes of the power amplifier and the rectifier share the same circuit structure, and the circuit structure is a high-efficiency gallium nitride Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier structure.

The invention discloses a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier. The circuit includes an input/output matching network, a gate/drain bias network, a gallium nitride transistor, a coupler, a phase shifter, a DC power supply, and a radio frequency input power supply. , RF/DC switches, transmit/receive antennas, detectors, and voltage regulators. Using the theory of time reversal duality, the power amplification and rectification function switching of the device under the same circuit structure are realized. The present invention can be divided into two modes: power amplifier and rectifier. The switching of the two modes only requires a DC switch and a It can achieve high power efficiency, and can realize wireless charging and discharging of equipment, which can be used as both a charging terminal and a power generating terminal.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure diagram of power amplifier;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the designed rectifier structure diagram based on high-efficiency Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-mode integrated circuit of a power amplifier and a rectifier;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of an improved dual-mode integrated circuit of a power amplifier and a rectifier.

Detailed ways

The invention proposes a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier, which can be used for both a transmitting circuit and a radio frequency circuit structure of a receiving circuit. The structure can realize two functions of power amplification and rectifier. ^-1 The basic structure of the power amplifier, the coupler, the phase shifter, the DC/RF switch, the receiving/transmitting antenna, the DC power supply, the fundamental frequency power supply, the detector and the voltage stabilizer.

In order to further clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the dual-mode integration of the power amplifier and rectifier is specifically described below through embodiments:

first embodiment

(1) A separate power amplifier, as shown in Figure 1, the power amplifier is composed of input and output matching circuits, drain and gate biases, transistors, input power source, DC power supply and output load. The purpose of input matching is to supply the input power to the transistor without reflection as much as possible, and the purpose of the output matching circuit is to output the amplified power to the 50Ω load to the maximum extent; the purpose of the drain and gate bias circuits is to provide the transistor with Appropriate working state; the input power source provides the gate input power, and the DC power source provides the DC voltage required for the bias;

(2) The rectifier in the power amplifier mode, the rectifier uses the high-efficiency Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier obtained from FIG. 1 as a rectifier based on the time-reversal duality theory. As shown in FIG. 2, the power The amplifier consists of input and output matching circuits, drain and gate biases, transistors, DC power supplies, output loads, and coupler phase shifters. The power amplifier rectifier is composed of the time reversal of the power amplifier. The Thevenin equivalent resistance R _D replaces the V _DC DC power port in the amplifier. The theoretical value R _D is equal to V _DC /I _DC in the power amplifier. The actual optimum value may be higher than This is small, the output port of the amplifier is converted into the input port of the rectifier, and the input power is divided into two parts by the coupler. Part of the size requirement is the fundamental frequency input power in the corresponding power amplifier mode, and the high-efficiency rectifier function is realized through this time-reversal dual theory.

(3) A dual-mode integrated circuit structure of a power amplifier and a rectifier, which realizes two modes of power amplification and rectification based on the same circuit. Combined with the circuit structure of Figure 1 and Figure 2, two switches are used to control the switching of the two modes. The circuit structure diagram is shown in Figure 3. When the RF switch S1 is connected to the input matching, the input signal is provided by an external power source, and the gate and drain The polar bias voltage is provided by an external voltage source. When the DC switch S2 is connected to V _DC , the circuit works in the power amplifier mode, and the amplified output power is radiated through the antenna through the output matching circuit; when the RF switch S1 is connected to the phase shifter, the DC When the switch S2 is connected to R _D , the circuit works in the rectifier mode. In this mode, the RF signal passes through the receiving antenna and the coupler, and part of it is used as the gate RF drive input signal, and the other part is used as the input signal of the rectifier. The signal is output to the R _D load through the drain bias circuit to realize the rectification function.

Second Embodiment

In order to further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, this embodiment proposes an improved integrated design of power amplifier and rectifier. The circuit structure is shown in Figure 4. When the RF switch S1 is connected to the input matching, the input signal is provided by an external power source, and the gate The polar bias voltage is coupled by a part of the input power, and then rectified by the detector, and stabilized by the voltage regulator to provide a suitable grid voltage for the grid bias. Since the DC voltage required by the drain is relatively large, it is selected to be provided by an external DC power supply. Drain bias voltage, DC switch S2 is connected to V _DC , the circuit works in power amplifier mode, the output of the transistor is controlled by the harmonic circuit, and the output matching circuit radiates the amplified output power through the antenna. When the RF switch S1 is connected to the phase shifter and the DC switch S2 is connected to R _D , the circuit works in the rectifier mode, the RF signal passes through the receiving antenna and the coupler, a part of the power is coupled out, and the gate is biased through the detector and the voltage regulator The circuit provides the gate DC voltage, and the drain bias voltage is relatively large. It is selected from the external DC power supply. One part is used as the gate RF drive input signal, and the other part is used as the input signal of the rectifier. After the matching circuit, the rectified signal is finally passed through the drain. The bias circuit is output to the R _D load to realize the rectification function.

The final dual-mode integrated circuit structure of the power amplifier and rectifier is shown in Figure 4. Both circuit structures can realize two functions of power amplification and rectification, and the switching of the two modes is controlled by two switches. In the power amplifier mode, the RF switch S1 is connected to the power source V _S with an external input impedance of 50Ω, the DC switch S2 is connected to the drain DC power supply V _DC , the gate input signal enters the transistor through the input matching circuit and is amplified by the transistor, and the output signal passes through. The harmonic control circuit and the output matching circuit are matched to the transmitting antenna and radiated out. In the rectifier mode, the RF switch S1 is connected to the phase shifter port, the DC switch S2 is connected to the R _D resistor port, the output port antenna is transformed into a receiving antenna to provide RF energy input for the rectifier, and the input RF signal passes through the coupler. A small part of the power is used as gate drive The other part of the power is used as the input signal of the rectifier, and the final rectified signal is output to the R _D load through the drain bias circuit.

The invention discloses a dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier rectifier, comprising an input/output matching network, a gate/drain bias network, a gallium nitride transistor, a coupler, a phase shifter, a DC power supply, a radio frequency input power supply, a radio frequency/ DC switches, transmit/receive antennas, detectors, and voltage regulators. Using the theory of time reversal duality, the power amplification and rectification function switching of the device under the same circuit structure are realized. The present invention can be divided into two modes: power amplifier and rectifier. The switching of the two modes only requires a DC switch and a It can achieve high power efficiency, and can realize wireless charging and discharging of equipment, which can be used as both a charging terminal and a power generating terminal.

The embodiments of the present invention described above are combinations of elements and features of the present invention. The elements or features may be considered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or feature can be practiced without being combined with other elements or features. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention may be constructed by combining some of the elements and/or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any one embodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that claims in the appended claims that have no express reference relationship to each other may be combined into embodiments of the present invention, or may be included as new claims in amendments after the present invention is filed.

In a firmware or software configuration, the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of modules, procedures, functions, and the like. Software codes may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit is located inside or outside the processor and can transmit and receive data to and from the processor via various known means.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A power amplifier rectifier dual-mode switching circuit, characterized in that the circuit comprises an input/output matching network, a gate bias network, a drain bias network, an input and output harmonic control network, a gallium nitride transistor, a coupling device, phase shifter, DC power supply, RF input power supply, RF switch, DC switch, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, detector and voltage stabilizer; The circuit includes a power amplifier mode and a rectifier mode. 2. The power amplifier rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein, In power amplifier mode, The radio frequency switch is connected to the power source, and the DC switch is connected to the drain DC power supply; The DC voltage of the gate bias network is provided by a part of the RF input power coupled out of the input RF signal through the rectification of the detector to generate a voltage; the DC voltage of the drain bias network is provided by a separate voltage source through a DC switch; The phase shifter and the coupler at the output end do not work, and the detector close to the output end is in an open-circuit state; The power source provides an input power signal, and is connected to the input matching transistor to achieve the best power input; The gate bias network and the drain bias network respectively provide the gate and drain DC bias voltages, the gate DC bias voltage and the drain DC bias voltage provide the transistor with a static operating point, and the input terminal passes through the transistor to reconnect. The amplified power signal is then matched to the transmitting antenna through the output matching circuit, and the amplified power signal is radiated by the transmitting antenna to complete the power amplification; In rectifier mode, The radio frequency switch is connected to the phase shifter, and the DC switch is connected to an equivalent resistance; The coupler at the input end, the detector does not work; The output terminal in the power amplifier mode is switched to the input terminal in the rectifier mode, the receiving antenna receives the RF signal, the received signal is passed through the coupler, and a part of the input power is passed through the detector and the voltage regulator to provide the gate bias network. For the DC voltage, a part of the small signal input power of the gate is provided by the phase shifter, and the rest of the input power as the input terminal is matched to the transistor through the output matching circuit, and the obtained DC power is converted and output to the equivalent resistance. 3. The power amplifier-rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage stabilizer provides a function of stabilizing the voltage. 4 . The dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier according to claim 1 , wherein the switching between the power amplifier mode and the rectifier mode is controlled by a radio frequency switch and a DC switch. 5 . 5. The power amplifier rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein, In the power amplifier mode, the radio frequency switch is connected to the power source, the DC switch is connected to the DC power supply, and the output antenna is in the transmitting antenna mode. 6. The power amplifier rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein, In the rectifier mode, the radio frequency switch is connected to the phase shifter port, the DC switch is connected to the equivalent resistance port, and the output port antenna is transformed into a receiving antenna to provide radio frequency energy input for the rectifier. 7. The power amplifier-rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein, in the power amplifier mode, the power amplifier is a high-efficiency Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier, and the input terminal provides a fundamental frequency input power , the gate and drain bias networks provide the DC supply voltage to keep the transistor at a suitable quiescent operating point, and the input and output matching networks provide matching for the transistor input and output, so that the input power is obtained from the input and the output power is output from the output , the harmonic control network obtains the maximum DC-to-RF power conversion efficiency in the power amplifier mode by controlling the second and third harmonics of the output RF signal. 8. The power amplifier rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein, in the rectifier mode, the rectifier is formed by the time reversal of the power amplifier, the equivalent resistance replaces the DC power port in the amplifier, and the equivalent resistance The theoretical value is equal to the ratio of the drain DC bias voltage to the DC bias current in the power amplifier mode. The output port of the power amplifier is converted into the input port of the rectifier. The input power is divided into two parts by the coupler. The size of the first part is required to be Corresponding to the drain DC power in the power amplifier mode, it is input through the output channel in the power amplifier mode. The size of the second part is required to correspond to the fundamental frequency input power in the power amplifier mode. The DC power obtained by rectification is output to the load through the drain bias circuit. . 9 . The power amplifier-rectifier dual-mode switching circuit according to claim 3 , wherein the external input impedance of the power source is a power source of 50Ω. 10 . 10. The dual-mode switching circuit of a power amplifier and rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the two modes of the power amplifier and the rectifier share the same circuit structure, and the circuit structure is a high-efficiency gallium nitride Class-F/F ^-1 power amplifier structure.

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