CN114459960B - Multi-field coupling simulation test device and method for mine groundwater pollution - Google Patents
Multi-field coupling simulation test device and method for mine groundwater pollution Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003895 groundwater pollution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-field coupling simulation test device and method for mine groundwater pollution, comprising a constant-temperature water bath box, wherein one side of the constant-temperature water bath box is communicated with a water storage box, the outer side of the water storage box is provided with a control mechanism, the top of the constant-temperature water bath box is provided with a stress loading mechanism, the stress loading mechanism comprises a covered steel plate movably connected to the top of the constant-temperature water bath box, the constant-temperature water bath box is respectively provided with a temperature control mechanism and a monitoring mechanism, the constant-temperature water bath box is also internally provided with a water level control mechanism, and the stress loading mechanism, the temperature control mechanism, the monitoring mechanism and the water level control mechanism are respectively and electrically connected with the control mechanism, so that four-field coupling of a stress field, a chemical field, a seepage field and a temperature field is realized, the simulation environment where pollutants are located is more similar to real natural conditions, and scientific and accurate simulation is realized, and the underground water pollutant transportation process under the multi-field coupling effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of environmental engineering, mining engineering and seepage mechanics cross, in particular to a multi-field coupling simulation test device and method for mine groundwater pollution.
Background
Under the influence of large-area mining, stratum and stratum structures are greatly changed, so that the natural balance, supply, runoff and drainage conditions of a groundwater system and water resources of a mining mine are greatly changed or damaged to a certain extent. The change of the groundwater stress field seriously damages groundwater resources and a groundwater circulation system, has profound effects on a groundwater chemical field and a seepage field, and causes the water quality deterioration of groundwater; the change of the groundwater seepage field and the chemical field further weakens the stratum structure, and has important influence on the groundwater stress field, so that the water environment disasters of mining areas are further aggravated.
After mine abandonment, the drainage stop of mine water causes the groundwater level to rise rapidly, the hydrodynamic condition is destroyed, and the aquifers and the mining space are mutually replenished. At this time, the change of the stress field of the rock mass can be continued due to the long-time instability of the stratum structure, so that the collapse and the large-scale displacement of the rock mass, the opening of cracks, the activation of faults and the like are caused, hydraulic connection conditions are provided for the pollution of the underground water, and the underground water seepage field and the occurrence conditions of the mining area which are disturbed originally are mutated again. A large amount of acidic mine water is generated in the mining process, and moves in rock gaps along with a large amount of left household garbage, greasy dirt, coal slime, various harmful substances in coal and the like in the mine, and contacts surrounding coal rock walls to generate a series of physical, chemical and biological action processes including dissolution, precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, redox and the like, so that a chemical field is obviously changed, the concentration of pollution components and pollutants is sharply increased, and larger-range groundwater pollution is formed in an aquifer; meanwhile, another important result of the action of the polluted water and the rock is that the composition, structure and properties of the rock are influenced, and the rock is softened or slimed under the action of mechanical and chemical erosion and the like, so that the strength and stability of the rock mass are reduced, and disastrous accidents in engineering are caused. It can be seen that the groundwater pollution of abandoned mines is the result of the coupling action of stress fields, seepage fields and chemical fields, and the pollution mechanism is different from the mining stage.
Meanwhile, as the mining depth increases, the gradual rise of the temperature of the underground mining area can be coupled with the mine stress field, the seepage field and the chemical field, so that the underground water system of the mining area is influenced together. Therefore, under the action of multi-field coupling, the migration rule of groundwater pollutants is researched, and the method has important guiding significance for solving the groundwater environment disasters in mining areas.
At present, more static adsorption experiments or indoor dynamic one-dimensional soil column experiments are adopted in pollutant migration research, the existing achievements pay attention to researching the coupling action relation between seepage or stress and seepage fields of different medium models, the pollutant migration process of a mining area cannot be completely and objectively simulated, and particularly, a migration process simulation system of solutes (water seepage field-water chemical field) of groundwater multicomponent reaction in four-field interaction of geological environment physical fields (stress field-temperature field) in the mining area cannot be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-field coupling simulation test device and method for mine groundwater pollution, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a multi-field coupling simulation test device for mine groundwater pollution, which comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, wherein one side of the constant-temperature water bath box is communicated with a water storage tank, a control mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the water storage tank, a stress loading mechanism is arranged at the top of the constant-temperature water bath box and comprises a pressure-coated steel plate movably connected to the top of the constant-temperature water bath box, a temperature control mechanism and a monitoring mechanism are respectively arranged in the constant-temperature water bath box, and a water level control mechanism is also arranged in the constant-temperature water bath box and is used for simulating the groundwater pollution condition and pollutant migration law in the process of mining and after mining, and the stress loading mechanism, the temperature control mechanism, the monitoring mechanism and the water level control mechanism are respectively electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the constant temperature water bath box comprises a middle rock sample box, wherein two sides of the middle rock sample box are respectively communicated with an upstream water tank and a downstream water tank through punching steel plates, water level control pipes are respectively arranged in the upstream water tank and the downstream water tank, a water level control mechanism is arranged between the upstream water tank and the middle rock sample box, and the water level control mechanism is movably connected with the punching steel plates.
Preferably, the water level control mechanism comprises a motor fixedly connected to the top of the punching steel plate, the motor is located on one side, close to the middle rock sample box, of the punching steel plate, a driving gear is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor, a driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, a screw is movably connected to the inside of the driven gear, the top of a water baffle is fixedly connected to the bottom of the screw, and the motor is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the punching steel plate is fixedly connected with a limiting seat, and one end of the driven gear is positioned in the limiting seat.
Preferably, the stress loading mechanism comprises a bracket arranged on the outer side of the constant-temperature water bath box, a plurality of pushing oil cylinders are arranged on the top surface of the bracket, hydraulic stations are communicated with the pushing oil cylinders through pipelines, the bottoms of any pushing oil cylinders penetrate through the bracket and are fixedly connected with the pressing steel plates, the pressing steel plates are located right above the middle rock sample box, and the hydraulic stations are electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the temperature control mechanism comprises an electric heating plate arranged on the bottom surface and the side wall of the constant-temperature water bath box, and the electric heating plate is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the monitoring device comprises chemical field monitoring, seepage field monitoring, temperature field monitoring and stress field monitoring; the chemical field monitoring comprises a pottery clay probe extending into the middle rock sample box, and the pottery clay probe is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the control mechanism comprises a control box and a display, and the display, the motor, the hydraulic station and the electric heating plate are respectively and electrically connected with the display.
Preferably, the reservoir is communicated with the upstream water tank through a water pump, and the water pump is electrically connected with the display.
Preferably, the multi-field coupling simulation test method for mine groundwater pollution comprises the following steps:
a. Paving rock, namely paving rock in the middle rock sample box;
b. Simulating a pollution source, introducing water into a constant-temperature water bath box, and supplying pollutant filtrate;
c. Applying pressure to the middle rock sample box through the laminated steel plate;
d. heating, namely changing the temperature in the constant-temperature water bath box through an electric heating plate;
e. And (3) monitoring in real time, and setting a plurality of monitoring points for detecting the stress state and the pollutant concentration of the monitoring points.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. The four-field coupling of stress field, chemical field, seepage field and temperature field is realized, the simulation environment where the pollutant migration process is located is more similar to the real natural condition, and the scientific and accurate simulation realizes the migration process of mine groundwater pollutants under the action of multi-field coupling.
2. The invention designs an experimental device with adjustable stress, water head pressure, initial concentration of pollutants and field temperature, which is convenient for comparing and analyzing the migration rule of the pollutants under different conditions.
3. The migration process of the pollutants in the invention is a three-dimensional process.
4. The invention can simulate heterogeneous geological conditions and simultaneously contain saturated layers and unsaturated layers, and can simultaneously monitor the migration rule of pollutants under different geological conditions.
5. The invention can simulate the whole process of the life cycle from mining to abandonment of the mine and reveal the change rule of the groundwater pollution in mining areas at different stages.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-field coupling simulation test device for mine groundwater pollution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermostatic waterbath;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a measurement well;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a water level control mechanism;
wherein: 1. a water storage tank; 2. a water pump; 3. a control box; 4. a display; 6. a water level control pipe; 7. an electric heating plate; 8. a liquid level gauge; 9. a water outlet; 10. laminating a steel plate; 11. a measurement well; 12. a clay probe; 13. a motor; 14. a drive gear; 15. a driven gear; 16. a screw; 17. a limit seat; 18. a water baffle; 19. punching a steel plate; 20. a glass plate; 21. a bracket; 22. an oil cylinder; 23. a hydraulic station; 24. an upstream tank; 25. a middle rock sample box; 26. a downstream tank.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a multi-field coupling simulation test device for mine groundwater pollution, which comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, wherein the constant-temperature water bath box is a cuboid, the front side surface is a thick glass plate 20 which is not less than 2cm, the glass plate 20 is made of organic glass, the other side surfaces are optionally made of 1.5cm thick steel plates, the organic glass and the steel plates are fixedly connected by bolts and are subjected to waterproof treatment, one side of the constant-temperature water bath box is communicated with a water storage box 1, an actual water sample obtained by leaching is arranged in the water storage box 1, a control mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the water storage box 1, a stress loading mechanism is arranged at the top of the constant-temperature water bath box, the stress loading mechanism comprises a laminated steel plate 10 movably connected to the top of the constant-temperature water bath box, the water level of the upstream water box and the water box is kept unchanged in the experiment process, the size of the laminated steel plates 10 is identical with the cross section area of an intermediate rock sample box 25, a temperature control mechanism and a monitoring mechanism are respectively arranged in the constant-temperature water bath box, and a water bath box for simulating stress, seepage, chemical and temperature, a two-field, a three-field or four-field coupling effect, a pollution and a water and a temperature control mechanism and an underground water and a water transport rule, and a stress control mechanism are respectively connected to the stress loading mechanism and a water transport rule.
According to the invention, chemical pollutants injected into the constant-temperature water bath tank by the water storage tank 1 are taken as research objects, the surface pressure, the pollutant concentration and the site temperature of the middle rock sample tank 25 can be changed at the same time, the pollutant concentration distribution condition in a certain time period is monitored and recorded, the pollutant migration process simulation under the action of multi-field coupling is realized, the accuracy of pollutant migration research under the action of multi-field coupling is improved, and the test result is more comprehensive.
Further optimizing scheme, the constant temperature water bath includes middle rock sample case 25, and there are upstream water tank 24 and downstream water tank 26 in middle rock sample case 25's both sides respectively through punching steel sheet 19 intercommunication, and it has one deck thin geotechnique fabric to prevent rock sample loss to glue on the steel sheet 19, is equipped with water level control tube 6 in upstream water tank 24 and the downstream water tank 26 respectively, is equipped with liquid level gauge 8 in the upstream water tank 24 for observe inside liquid level position, be equipped with water level control mechanism between upstream water tank 24 and the middle rock sample case 25, water level control mechanism and punching steel sheet 19 swing joint. During experiments, water flows from the upstream water tank 24 to the downstream water tank 26 through the middle rock sample tank 25, the underground water flowing process is simulated, the water level control pipe 6 and the water tank form a communicating vessel, the height of the outer side port of the water level control pipe 6 is adjusted, and the water level of the upstream water tank and the water level of the downstream water tank are controlled during the experiments.
Further optimizing scheme, water level control mechanism includes motor 13 of rigid coupling at punching steel sheet 19 top, and motor 13 is located the one side that punching steel sheet 19 is close to middle rock sample box 25, and the output shaft rigid coupling of motor 13 has driving gear 14, and driving gear 14 meshing has driven gear 15, and swing joint has screw rod 16 in the driven gear 15, and the bottom rigid coupling of screw rod 16 has the top of breakwater 18, motor 13 and control mechanism electric connection.
In a further optimization scheme, a limiting seat 17 is fixedly connected to the perforated steel plate 19, and one end of the driven gear 15 is located in the limiting seat 17.
Further optimizing scheme, stress loading mechanism is including setting up the support 21 in the constant temperature water bath outside, be equipped with a plurality of propulsion hydro-cylinder 22 on the top surface of support 21, propulsion hydro-cylinder 22 has hydraulic pressure station 23 through the pipeline intercommunication, the bottom of arbitrary propulsion hydro-cylinder 22 passes support 21 and rigid coupling has to cover and presses steel sheet 10, cover and press steel sheet 10 to be located directly over middle rock sample case 25, hydraulic pressure station 23 and control mechanism electric connection, cover and press steel sheet 10 through the replacement on the surface of middle rock sample case 25 in the experiment, the whole compressive stress that the rock sample born in the control case.
Further optimizing scheme, temperature control mechanism is including setting up the electrical heating board 7 on the water bath bottom surface and the lateral wall of constant temperature, and electrical heating board 7 is ceramic electrical heating board, electrical heating board 7 and control mechanism electric connection to for the liquid heating in the water bath of constant temperature reaches the homothermal purpose, simultaneously, control the temperature value in the water bath of constant temperature through control system in 5 ~ 40 ℃ range, and can adjust.
Further optimizing the scheme, the monitoring device comprises a chemical field monitoring device, a seepage field monitoring device, a temperature field monitoring device and a stress field monitoring device; the chemical field monitoring comprises a clay probe 12 extending into the middle rock sample box 25 and used for measuring pH, water level, temperature, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen, and other water quality indexes are measured by sampling; the seepage field monitoring is mainly composed of a water tank and a pressure measuring probe placed in the middle rock sample box 25 and connected with a water pressure monitor (not shown in the figure). The four-field coupling of stress field, chemical field, seepage field and temperature field is realized, the simulation environment where the pollutant migration process is located is more similar to the real natural condition, and the scientific and accurate simulation realizes the migration process of mine groundwater pollutants under the action of multi-field coupling.
3 Sections are longitudinally and equidistantly selected at the middle position of the middle rock sample box 25, 9 monitoring points are arranged on each interface in a 3*3 mode, 27 monitoring points are distributed on the whole, and 3 monitoring points on the same vertical line are located in the same measuring well 11; each monitoring point is embedded with a stress box and a clay probe 12 for detecting the stress state and the pollutant concentration at the point, and the data lines of the stress box and the clay probe 12 are led out through small holes reserved on the back of the middle rock sample box 25 and connected to a data acquisition system (not shown in the figure).
Further optimizing scheme, the control mechanism includes control box 3 and display 4, motor 13, hydraulic pressure station 23 and electrical heating board 7 are connected with display 4 electricity respectively.
Further optimizing scheme, water storage tank 1 sets up and is connected with the outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe other end passes through water pump 2 and connects upstream water tank 24, and water pump 2 and display 3 electric connection control flow to the water in the upstream water tank 24 through control box 4, ensure that there is sufficient water yield in the control box 3.
A multi-field coupling simulation test method for mine groundwater pollution comprises the following steps:
a. laying rocks, namely laying rocks in the middle rock sample box 25, layering and stacking different rock types with different particle sizes in the middle rock sample box 25 according to actual stratum simplification;
b. The pollution source is simulated, the upstream water tank 24 and the water storage tank 1 flow into the upstream water tank 24 through the water pump 2, so that the supply of pollutant filtrate to the middle rock sample tank 25 is realized, the supply speed is controlled to be a certain constant value, and the pollution source is simulated;
c. Applying pressure, covering and pressing the steel plate 10 on the surface of the middle rock sample box 25, and controlling the pushing oil cylinder 22 through a hydraulic system to realize the control of the whole or partial compression stress of the rock sample;
d. Heating, namely controlling the electric heating plate 7 through a control system so as to achieve different required temperatures and realize control of different temperatures;
e. In the middle rock sample box 25, 3 sections are selected at equal intervals, 9 measuring wells 11 are arranged on each section in a 3*3 mode, 27 monitoring points are distributed on the whole, and a stress box and a clay probe 12 are respectively arranged at each monitoring point to detect the stress state and the pollutant concentration at the point.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-field coupling simulation test device for mine groundwater pollution is characterized in that: the device comprises a constant-temperature water bath box, wherein one side of the constant-temperature water bath box is communicated with a water storage box (1), a control mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the water storage box (1), a stress loading mechanism is arranged at the top of the constant-temperature water bath box and comprises a pressure-coated steel plate (10) movably connected to the top of the constant-temperature water bath box, a temperature control mechanism and a monitoring mechanism are respectively arranged in the constant-temperature water bath box, and a water level control mechanism is also arranged in the constant-temperature water bath box and used for simulating the groundwater pollution condition and the pollutant migration rule in the mining process and after mine waste under the coupling action of two, three or four fields in stress, seepage, chemistry and temperature, and the stress loading mechanism, the temperature control mechanism, the monitoring mechanism and the water level control mechanism are respectively electrically connected with the control mechanism;
The constant-temperature water bath box comprises a middle rock sample box (25), wherein two sides of the middle rock sample box (25) are respectively communicated with an upstream water tank (24) and a downstream water tank (26) through a perforated steel plate (19), water level control pipes (6) are respectively arranged in the upstream water tank (24) and the downstream water tank (26), a water level control mechanism is arranged between the upstream water tank (24) and the middle rock sample box (25), and the water level control mechanism is movably connected with the perforated steel plate (19);
The water level control mechanism comprises a motor (13) fixedly connected to the top of the punching steel plate (19), the motor (13) is located on one side, close to the middle rock sample box (25), of the punching steel plate (19), a driving gear (14) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor (13), a driven gear (15) is meshed with the driving gear (14), a screw (16) is movably connected in the driven gear (15), the top of a water baffle (18) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the screw (16), and the motor (13) is electrically connected with the control mechanism;
a limiting seat (17) is fixedly connected to the perforated steel plate (19), and one end of the driven gear (15) is positioned in the limiting seat (17);
The stress loading mechanism comprises a bracket (21) arranged on the outer side of the constant-temperature water bath, a plurality of pushing oil cylinders (22) are arranged on the top surface of the bracket (21), the pushing oil cylinders (22) are communicated with a hydraulic station (23) through pipelines, the bottom of any pushing oil cylinder (22) penetrates through the bracket (21) and is fixedly connected with the pressure-covered steel plate (10), the pressure-covered steel plate (10) is positioned right above the middle rock sample box, and the hydraulic station (23) is electrically connected with the control mechanism;
the temperature control mechanism comprises an electric heating plate (7) arranged on the bottom surface and the side wall of the constant-temperature water bath box, and the electric heating plate (7) is electrically connected with the control mechanism;
the multi-field coupling simulation test method for carrying out mine groundwater pollution by the multi-field coupling simulation test device comprises the following steps:
a. rock is paved, and rock is paved in an intermediate rock sample box (25);
b. Simulating a pollution source, introducing water into a constant-temperature water bath box, and supplying pollutant filtrate;
c. applying pressure to the middle rock sample box (25) through the cladding steel plate (10);
d. Heating, namely changing the temperature in the constant-temperature water bath box through an electric heating plate (7);
e. And (3) monitoring in real time, and setting a plurality of monitoring points for detecting the stress state and the pollutant concentration of the monitoring points.
2. The mine groundwater pollution multi-field coupling simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring mechanism comprises chemical field monitoring, seepage field monitoring, temperature field monitoring and stress field monitoring; the chemical field monitoring comprises a clay probe (12) extending into the middle rock sample box (25), and the clay probe (12) is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
3. The mine groundwater pollution multi-field coupling simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein: the control mechanism comprises a control box (3) and a display (4), and the motor (13), the hydraulic station (23) and the electric heating plate (7) are respectively and electrically connected with the display (4).
4. A multi-field coupling simulation test device for mine groundwater pollution according to claim 3, wherein: the reservoir is communicated with the upstream water tank (24) through a water pump (2), and the water pump (2) is electrically connected with the display (4).
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