CN114395166A - 一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114395166A CN114395166A CN202210058234.6A CN202210058234A CN114395166A CN 114395166 A CN114395166 A CN 114395166A CN 202210058234 A CN202210058234 A CN 202210058234A CN 114395166 A CN114395166 A CN 114395166A
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺,通过限定添加的组分成分及工艺设计,使其轻量化,制备强度高、耐磨性好、防水抗污能力强的复合挡泥板;用纤维素纳米晶表面羟基与己内酰胺的对位异氰酸根反应来改性纤维素纳米晶,并采用己内酰胺进行封端;改性纤维素纳米晶改善阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯、空心玻璃微珠之间的界面相容性,用微孔发泡注塑工艺制备改性PP层;对空心玻璃微珠的加入量进行限定;用低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,提升复合挡泥板表面疏水性,使复合挡板具有抗污防水功能,大幅延长复合挡板的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及挡泥板领域,具体是一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺。
背景技术
挡泥板是安装在车轮外框架后面的板式结构,材料组成为金属、牛皮、塑料、橡胶等。车辆挡泥板主要作用是为了防止泥土溅到车身或人身上,增加车身的美观性,且防止泥土喷溅后产生生锈问题;轿车用挡泥板还可以防止速度过快时轮胎缝内夹带小石子甩在车身,崩坏车外漆。
我国汽车环保材料发展的3大要求是轻量化、绿色环保、舒适安全;目前汽车轻量化材料主要有高强钢、镁铝合金、碳纤维复合材料。但是这些材料的价格普遍比较昂贵,对环境易造成污染,越来越不符合现代的绿色可持续发展战略。
越来越多的车用复合挡泥板用塑料制备,但是现有常用塑料制备的复合挡泥板的耐磨性不足,使用寿命有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺,以解决现有技术中的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板,包括改性PP层和用防护浆料涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成的防护层,所述改性PP层是由微孔发泡注塑成型;
以重量份数计,防护层中各组分含量为:低密度聚乙烯45-55份、含氟超支化聚合物0.16-0.2份、改性纤维素纳米晶0.1-0.5份、聚苯硫醚9-11份。
本发明选用阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯、低密度聚乙烯作为加工原料,来制备轻量化的高强度耐磨复合挡泥板,复合挡泥板是三明治结构,中间层是改性PP层,是用阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯、改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010共挤后经微孔发泡注塑成型;用低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,制备得到的复合挡泥板,不仅使复合挡板轻量化,而且制备的复合挡板机械强度高,耐磨性好,表面疏水,具有抗污防水功能,大幅延长复合挡板的使用寿命。
聚丙烯是产量最大的一类通用塑料,与其他通用塑料相比具有较好的综合性能,且聚丙烯具有低密度的特性,但是直接做挡板,其机械强度不足,且高温稳定性差;而阴离子聚合尼龙6具有耐化学性、耐油性、机械强度高等优点,但是因为主链的酰胺基团极性强,导致吸湿性较强、耐水性差;且聚丙烯与阴离子聚合尼龙6直接共混相容性差,易产生相分离结构。
本发明用改性纤维素纳米晶制备阴离子聚合尼龙6,并与聚丙烯、空心玻璃微珠进行共混改性,改善两者的界面相容性,获得热稳定性高的复合挡泥板。
进一步的,改性纤维素纳米晶的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)纤维素纳米晶在100-105℃抽真空48h,在氮气保护下,将纤维素纳米晶、三乙胺、甲苯二异氰酸酯、无水甲苯超声处理30min,离心后用甲苯清洗,重复3-5次,得到纤维素纳米晶混合液;
(2)在氮气气氛中,将己内酰胺在110℃抽真空30min,加入甲苯得到己内酰胺的甲苯溶液;在氮气气氛中,将纤维素纳米晶混合液抽真空30min后升温90℃,加入己内酰胺的甲苯溶液,反应后离心,然后用甲苯清洗,真空干燥得到改性纤维素纳米晶。
进一步的,己内酰胺与甲苯二异氰酸酯的摩尔比为2:1。
步骤S1中乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液含量为1mol/L,双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺含量为2mol/kg。
纤维素纳米晶因其表面富有羟基,被用作聚氨酯、聚乳酸、环氧热固性塑料等的增强剂,但是由于其氢键作用及表面带电胶体的稳定性,为达到分散均匀的状态,纤维素纳米晶的大多数应用仅限于水处理介质,如聚合物乳液、水溶性聚合物的溶液浇铸;纤维素纳米晶在传统熔融挤出加工的制备过程中易团聚。
本发明对纤维素纳米晶进行改性处理,使纤维素纳米晶的纳米颗粒在阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯中的分散达到纳米尺度时,对复合挡泥板同步起到优异的增强、增韧效果,使制备的复合挡泥板同时具有较低的密度和优异的机械性能。
采用阴离子聚合方法以乙基溴化镁为引发剂,接枝有酰化己内酰胺基体的纤维素纳米晶为活化剂来制备复合材料,用纤维素纳米晶表面羟基与己内酰胺的对位异氰酸根反应来改性纤维素纳米晶,但是异氰酸根容易与空气中的水分和二氧化碳反应,所以必须采用己内酰胺进行封端,制备纤维素纳米晶接枝己内酰胺。
先将纤维素纳米晶在100-105℃抽真空40h,完全去除其表面吸附的水分,使表面的羟基露出,有利于其参加后续反应。为尽量减少纤维素纳米晶接枝己内酰胺与空气中的水分和二氧化碳反应对剩余异氰酸根的消耗,在纤维素纳米晶接枝己内酰胺制备过程中,离心后不干燥继续进行改性纤维素纳米晶的制备。
但是在纤维素纳米晶接枝己内酰胺中会出现副反应,部分邻位异氰酸根也会参与反应,为抑制副反应的发生,本发明中控制TDI/CNC的摩尔比为2,控制纤维素纳米晶与甲苯的比例,防止对后续制备产生影响。
空心玻璃微珠的加入改善不仅防止复合挡泥板出现浮纤外露、收缩变形率降低、制品后翘曲现象,且协同提升了复合挡泥板的阻燃性、耐磨、耐划伤性,满足轻量化需求,对空心玻璃微珠的加入量进行限定,为5.6%-8.7%,当空心玻璃微珠添加量超过8.7%,在燃烧过程会产生大量的空洞,影响炭层的致密程度,使复合挡泥板的LOI值下降。改性纤维素纳米晶使阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯有优秀的界面结合,使得空心玻璃微珠可以在双螺杆挤出和注塑过程中被树脂更好包裹保护,从而降低了空心玻璃微珠“破珠”的比例,使制备的复合挡泥板具有较低的密度、较好的刚性和韧性。
低密度聚乙烯具有成本低廉、无毒无味等特点,但是普通低密度聚乙烯表面与水的接触角通常小于110°,且不具有自清洁性能。
进一步的,含氟超支化聚合物的制备包括以下步骤:将超支化聚合物、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸、甲苯混合搅拌,再加入对甲苯磺酸超声搅拌,在100-110℃反应6h,抽真空后得到含氟超支化聚合物。
进一步的,超支化聚合物、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸的摩尔比为6:1。
将含氟超支化聚酯通过熔融共混引入到线性低密度聚乙烯树脂中,提升复合挡泥板表面疏水性,F原子为复合挡泥板提供更低的表面能,随着含氟超支化聚酯的增加,F原子增多,使体系中的表面能进一步降低,但是相应会降低线性低密度聚乙烯的机械强度,因此将低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,在提高复合挡泥板机械强度的同时,使复合挡泥板具有超疏水性能,使溶液与涂层表面形成气穴层,有效减少腐蚀性溶液的接触,最大限度地提升复合挡泥板的使用寿命,节约维护成本。
将改性纤维素纳米晶加入防护层,增加大分子链相互扩散缠结,大幅提升复合挡泥板的机械强度和耐磨性。
进一步的,一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将己内酰胺升温至110-115℃进行加热熔融,抽真空除水至无气泡,加入改性纤维素纳米晶,并抽真空除水至无气泡,再加入乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液,升温至150-155℃并继续抽真空除水至无气泡,加入双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺反应25min,然后迅速浇铸入已预热至155-160℃的模具中恒温干燥聚合1h,冷却,得到阴离子聚合尼龙6;
S2:将阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯、通过双螺杆挤出机的主加料口加入,再将改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010由所述双螺杆挤出机的辅助进料口加入,熔融共混挤出,同时通过所述双螺杆挤出机料筒上的排气口排除水蒸气,经挤出、冷却、造粒后得到复合材料;
S3:将所述复合材料置于螺杆温度为220℃的微孔发泡注塑机中塑化熔融,利用超临界流体设备注入压力为15-17MPa的超临界氮气,得到聚合物熔体,将所述聚合物熔体注射到模具的型腔里,经保压、开合模、发泡,冷却成型,得到改性PP层;
S4:将低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,得到一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板。
进一步的,以重量份数计,步骤S2中复合材料中各组分含量为:阴离子聚合尼龙620-25份、空心玻璃微珠4-8份、聚丙烯40-50份、改性纤维素纳米晶1-5份、抗氧化剂10100.5-4份。
进一步的,步骤S1中乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液与双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺摩尔比为2:1;所述改性纤维素纳米晶与己内酰胺的重量份数比为3%。
进一步的,步骤S3中超临界氮气占所述聚合物熔体的质量分数为0.65-0.85%。
进一步的,步骤S3中注入超临界氮气的速度为200-250mm/s;步骤S3中模具的温度为60-85℃,开合模的速度为15-25mm/s,冷却的时间为0.5-2min。
常规线型聚己内酰胺熔体强度不足且黏度较低,在微孔注塑发泡工艺的气泡生长过程中,泡孔壁在拉伸作用下易变薄破裂,导致泡孔融合严重,发泡效果不佳。本发明先通过纤维素纳米晶对聚己内酰胺进行改性,然后通过共混改性引入长链支化结构,有效增强熔体强度,提高其发泡性能,纤维素纳米晶不仅作为改性成分加入,也充当了成核剂作用,其硬度高,分散在基体中可以有效承受应力传递,断裂伸长率显著提高;提高熔体黏弹性和为发泡剂提供成核位点,在发泡过程中促进成核,加快成核速率,提高结晶温度,导致泡孔密度升高,泡孔尺寸减小。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板及其加工工艺,通过限定添加的组分成分及工艺设计,使其轻量化,制备强度高、耐磨性好、防水抗污能力强的复合挡泥板;
用纤维素纳米晶表面羟基与己内酰胺的对位异氰酸根反应来改性纤维素纳米晶,并采用己内酰胺进行封端;用改性纤维素纳米晶来改善阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯、空心玻璃微珠之间的界面相容性,制备改性PP层;改性纤维素纳米晶使阴离子聚合尼龙6、聚丙烯有优秀的界面结合,使得空心玻璃微珠可以在双螺杆挤出和注塑过程中被树脂更好包裹保护,从而降低了空心玻璃微珠“破珠”的比例,使制备的复合挡泥板具有较低的密度、较好的刚性和韧性;对空心玻璃微珠的加入量进行限定,协同提升复合挡泥板的阻燃性、耐磨、耐划伤性,满足轻量化需求;
用微孔发泡注塑工艺制备改性PP层,有效增强熔体强度,提高其发泡性能,纤维素纳米晶也充当了成核剂作用,有效承受应力传递,断裂伸长率显著提高;提高熔体黏弹性和为发泡剂提供成核位点,在发泡过程中促进成核,加快成核速率,提高结晶温度,导致泡孔密度升高,泡孔尺寸减小;
用低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,制备得到的复合挡泥板,将含氟超支化聚酯通过熔融共混引入到线性低密度聚乙烯树脂中,提升复合挡泥板表面疏水性,使复合挡板具有抗污防水功能,大幅延长复合挡板的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明,若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……,则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态如各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等,如果该特定姿态发生改变时,则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。另外,各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明,应当理解,以下实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将100份己内酰胺升温至110℃进行加热熔融,抽真空除水至无气泡,加入改性纤维素纳米晶3份,并抽真空除水至无气泡,再加入乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液1mol/L,升温至150℃并继续抽真空除水至无气泡,加入双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺2mol/kg反应25min,然后迅速浇铸入已预热至155℃的模具中恒温干燥聚合1h,冷却,得到阴离子聚合尼龙6;
改性纤维素纳米晶的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)6.2mmol纤维素纳米晶在100℃抽真空48h,在氮气保护下,将纤维素纳米晶、18.6mmol三乙胺、18.6mmol甲苯二异氰酸酯、50mL无水甲苯超声处理30min,离心后用甲苯清洗,重复3次,得到纤维素纳米晶混合液;
(2)在氮气气氛中,将37.2mmol己内酰胺在110℃抽真空30min,加入甲苯得到己内酰胺的甲苯溶液;在氮气气氛中,将纤维素纳米晶混合液抽真空30min后升温90℃,加入己内酰胺的甲苯溶液,反应后离心,然后用甲苯清洗,真空干燥得到改性纤维素纳米晶;
S2:将阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯、通过双螺杆挤出机的主加料口加入,再将改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010由所述双螺杆挤出机的辅助进料口加入,熔融共混挤出,同时通过所述双螺杆挤出机料筒上的排气口排除水蒸气,经挤出、冷却、造粒后得到复合材料;
以重量份数计,步骤S2中复合材料中各组分含量为:阴离子聚合尼龙620份、空心玻璃微珠4份、聚丙烯40份、改性纤维素纳米晶1份、抗氧化剂10100.5份;
S3:将所述复合材料置于螺杆温度为220℃的微孔发泡注塑机中塑化熔融,利用超临界流体设备注入压力为15MPa的超临界氮气,得到聚合物熔体,将所述聚合物熔体注射到模具的型腔里,经保压、开合模、发泡,冷却成型,得到改性PP层;
超临界氮气占所述聚合物熔体的质量分数为0.65%;注入超临界氮气的速度为200mm/s;模具的温度为60℃,开合模的速度为15mm/s,冷却的时间为0.5min;
S4:以重量份数计,将低密度聚乙烯45份、含氟超支化聚合物0.16份、改性纤维素纳米晶0.1份、聚苯硫醚9份共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,得到一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板;
含氟超支化聚合物的制备包括以下步骤:将26g超支化聚合物、15.4g 2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸、400mL甲苯混合搅拌,再加入3g对甲苯磺酸超声搅拌,在105℃反应6h,抽真空后得到含氟超支化聚合物。
实施例2
一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将100份己内酰胺升温至113℃进行加热熔融,抽真空除水至无气泡,加入改性纤维素纳米晶3份,并抽真空除水至无气泡,再加入乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液1mol/L,升温至153℃并继续抽真空除水至无气泡,加入双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺2mol/kg反应25min,然后迅速浇铸入已预热至158℃的模具中恒温干燥聚合1h,冷却,得到阴离子聚合尼龙6;
改性纤维素纳米晶的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)6.2mmol纤维素纳米晶在102℃抽真空48h,在氮气保护下,将纤维素纳米晶、18.6mmol三乙胺、18.6mmol甲苯二异氰酸酯、50mL无水甲苯超声处理30min,离心后用甲苯清洗,重复4次,得到纤维素纳米晶混合液;
(2)在氮气气氛中,将37.2mmol己内酰胺在110℃抽真空30min,加入甲苯得到己内酰胺的甲苯溶液;在氮气气氛中,将纤维素纳米晶混合液抽真空30min后升温90℃,加入己内酰胺的甲苯溶液,反应后离心,然后用甲苯清洗,真空干燥得到改性纤维素纳米晶;
S2:将阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯、通过双螺杆挤出机的主加料口加入,再将改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010由所述双螺杆挤出机的辅助进料口加入,熔融共混挤出,同时通过所述双螺杆挤出机料筒上的排气口排除水蒸气,经挤出、冷却、造粒后得到复合材料;
以重量份数计,步骤S2中复合材料中各组分含量为:阴离子聚合尼龙622份、空心玻璃微珠6份、聚丙烯45份、改性纤维素纳米晶3份、抗氧化剂10102份;
S3:将所述复合材料置于螺杆温度为220℃的微孔发泡注塑机中塑化熔融,利用超临界流体设备注入压力为16MPa的超临界氮气,得到聚合物熔体,将所述聚合物熔体注射到模具的型腔里,经保压、开合模、发泡,冷却成型,得到改性PP层;
超临界氮气占所述聚合物熔体的质量分数为0.75%;注入超临界氮气的速度为240mm/s;模具的温度为75℃,开合模的速度为20mm/s,冷却的时间为1min;
S4:以重量份数计,将低密度聚乙烯50份、含氟超支化聚合物0.18份、改性纤维素纳米晶0.4份、聚苯硫醚10份共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,得到一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板;
含氟超支化聚合物的制备包括以下步骤:将26g超支化聚合物、15.4g2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸、400mL甲苯混合搅拌,再加入3g对甲苯磺酸超声搅拌,在105℃反应6h,抽真空后得到含氟超支化聚合物。
实施例3
一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将100份己内酰胺升温至115℃进行加热熔融,抽真空除水至无气泡,加入改性纤维素纳米晶3份,并抽真空除水至无气泡,再加入乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液1mol/L,升温至155℃并继续抽真空除水至无气泡,加入双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺2mol/kg反应25min,然后迅速浇铸入已预热至160℃的模具中恒温干燥聚合1h,冷却,得到阴离子聚合尼龙6;
改性纤维素纳米晶的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)6.2mmol纤维素纳米晶在105℃抽真空48h,在氮气保护下,将纤维素纳米晶、18.6mmol三乙胺、18.6mmol甲苯二异氰酸酯、50mL无水甲苯超声处理30min,离心后用甲苯清洗,重复5次,得到纤维素纳米晶混合液;
(2)在氮气气氛中,将37.2mmol己内酰胺在110℃抽真空30min,加入甲苯得到己内酰胺的甲苯溶液;在氮气气氛中,将纤维素纳米晶混合液抽真空30min后升温90℃,加入己内酰胺的甲苯溶液,反应后离心,然后用甲苯清洗,真空干燥得到改性纤维素纳米晶;
S2:将阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯、通过双螺杆挤出机的主加料口加入,再将改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010由所述双螺杆挤出机的辅助进料口加入,熔融共混挤出,同时通过所述双螺杆挤出机料筒上的排气口排除水蒸气,经挤出、冷却、造粒后得到复合材料;
以重量份数计,步骤S2中复合材料中各组分含量为:阴离子聚合尼龙625份、空心玻璃微珠8份、聚丙烯50份、改性纤维素纳米晶5份、抗氧化剂10104份;
S3:将所述复合材料置于螺杆温度为220℃的微孔发泡注塑机中塑化熔融,利用超临界流体设备注入压力为17MPa的超临界氮气,得到聚合物熔体,将所述聚合物熔体注射到模具的型腔里,经保压、开合模、发泡,冷却成型,得到改性PP层;
超临界氮气占所述聚合物熔体的质量分数为0.85%;注入超临界氮气的速度为250mm/s;模具的温度为85℃,开合模的速度为25mm/s,冷却的时间为2min;
S4:以重量份数计,将低密度聚乙烯55份、含氟超支化聚合物0.2份、改性纤维素纳米晶0.5份、聚苯硫醚11份共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,得到一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板;
含氟超支化聚合物的制备包括以下步骤:将26g超支化聚合物、15.4g 2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸、400mL甲苯混合搅拌,再加入3g对甲苯磺酸超声搅拌,在105℃反应6h,抽真空后得到含氟超支化聚合物。
对比例1
以实施例2为对照组,用纤维素纳米晶替换改性纤维素纳米晶,其他工序正常。
对比例2
以实施例2为对照组,直接用熔融共混制备改性PP层,没有使用微孔发泡注塑成型,其他工序正常。
对比例3
以实施例2为对照组,在步骤S2中,没有加入改性纤维素纳米晶,其他工序正常。
对比例4
以实施例2为对照组,加入的空心玻璃微珠为10份,其他工序正常。
对比例5
以实施例2为对照组,防护层仅用低密度聚乙烯制备,其他工序正常。
性能测试:对实施例1-3、对比例1-5所制得的复合挡泥板进行性能测试,将上述制备得到的复合挡泥板进行测试;
参考ISO 527–1–2012进行拉伸性能测试,拉伸速率为10mm/min;密度参考ISO1183–1–2012进行测试;参考ISO 178–2010进行弯曲性能测试,弯曲速率为2mm/min;
接触角参考GB/T 24368—2009进行测试,测试过程中水滴容量保持在4μL;
参考IOS4589-2进行氧指数测试,通入以层流方式向上流动的氧氮混合气体,混合气体温度为20-25℃;顶面点燃时,火焰接触顶面时间短于30s,每5s移开一次,观察隔膜是否燃烧,恰好维持燃烧所需的最小氧浓度为氧指数;易燃材料的氧指数小于18;可燃材料的氧指数为18-25;阻燃材料的氧指数为25以上;具体数据如表1;
参考ASTM D3884进行耐摩擦测试,样品尺寸裁剪成100mm×100mm,砝码为500g,砂纸为500目,磨损周期限定为500个周期,测定表面接触角;参考GB/T 1865-2009进行耐老化测试,样品尺寸裁剪成150mm×70mm×2mm,经过老化箱一周后测定表面接触角;具体数据如表2;
表1
表2
实施例1-3为按照本发明制备的复合挡泥板,将实施例2与对比例1-5进行对比可知,对纤维素纳米晶进行改性处理,配合相应工艺设计,大幅提升复合挡泥板的各项性能;
将实施例2、与对比例2进行对比可知,限定原料并用微孔注塑发泡工艺进行注塑,可以大幅降低材料密度,使其轻量化;
实施例2与对比例3进行对比可知,微孔注塑发泡工艺时没有添加改性纤维素纳米晶,其机械强度大幅降低;将实施例2与对比例4进行对比可知,添加的玻璃微珠超过限定分量,虽密度降低了,但是影响了复合挡泥板的阻燃性;
将实施例1-3制备的复合挡泥板在磨损500个周期后及经过老化箱一周后,其接触角基本不变或小幅度变化,说明本发明制备的复合挡泥板具有优秀的耐老化耐磨损性能。
综上,本发明制备的复合挡泥板不仅力学性能优异,同时耐老化耐磨损性能高,具有良好的应用前景。
以上所述仅为本发明的为实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是在本发明的发明构思下,利用本发明说明书所作的等效结构变换,或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述加工工艺包括以下步骤:
S1:制备阴离子聚合尼龙6;
S2:将阴离子聚合尼龙6、空心玻璃微珠、聚丙烯,通过双螺杆挤出机的主加料口加入,再将改性纤维素纳米晶、抗氧化剂1010由所述双螺杆挤出机的辅助进料口加入,熔融共混挤出,冷却、造粒后得到复合材料;
S3:将所述复合材料置于螺杆温度为220℃的微孔发泡注塑机中塑化熔融,利用超临界流体设备注入压力为15-17MPa的超临界氮气,得到聚合物熔体,将所述聚合物熔体注射到模具的型腔里,经保压、开合模、发泡,冷却成型,得到改性PP层;
S4:将低密度聚乙烯、含氟超支化聚合物、改性纤维素纳米晶、聚苯硫醚共混挤出,得到防护浆料,涂覆在改性PP层两侧形成防护层,得到一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤S3中注入超临界氮气的速度为200-250mm/s;步骤S3中模具的温度为60-85℃,开合模的速度为15-25mm/s,冷却的时间为0.5-2min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤S3中超临界氮气占所述聚合物熔体的质量分数为0.65-0.85%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,在步骤S1中阴离子聚合尼龙6的制备包括以下步骤:将己内酰胺升温至110-115℃进行加热熔融,抽真空除水至无气泡,加入改性纤维素纳米晶,并抽真空除水至无气泡,再加入乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液,升温至150-155℃并继续抽真空除水至无气泡,加入双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺反应25min,然后迅速浇铸入已预热至155-160℃的模具中,恒温干燥聚合1h,冷却,得到阴离子聚合尼龙6。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,乙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃混合液与双酰化内酰胺-1,6-己二胺摩尔比为2:1;所述改性纤维素纳米晶与己内酰胺的重量份数比为3%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,以重量份数计,步骤S2中复合材料中各组分含量为:阴离子聚合尼龙620-25份、空心玻璃微珠4-8份、聚丙烯40-50份、改性纤维素纳米晶1-5份、抗氧化剂10100.5-4份,空心玻璃微珠与复合材料的重量比为5.6-8.7%;以重量份数计,步骤S4中防护层中各组分含量为:低密度聚乙烯45-55份、含氟超支化聚合物0.16-0.2份、改性纤维素纳米晶0.1-0.5份、聚苯硫醚9-11份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述改性纤维素纳米晶的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)纤维素纳米晶在100-105℃抽真空48h,在氮气保护下,将纤维素纳米晶、三乙胺、甲苯二异氰酸酯、无水甲苯超声处理30min,离心后用甲苯清洗,重复3-5次,得到纤维素纳米晶混合液;
(2)在氮气气氛中,将己内酰胺在110℃抽真空30min,加入甲苯得到己内酰胺的甲苯溶液;在氮气气氛中,将纤维素纳米晶混合液抽真空30min后升温90℃,加入己内酰胺的甲苯溶液,反应后离心,然后用甲苯清洗,真空干燥得到改性纤维素纳米晶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,所述己内酰胺与甲苯二异氰酸酯的摩尔比为2:1。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板的加工工艺,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述含氟超支化聚合物的制备包括以下步骤:将超支化聚合物、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸、甲苯混合搅拌,再加入对甲苯磺酸超声搅拌,在100-110℃反应6h,抽真空后得到含氟超支化聚合物;所述超支化聚合物、2,3,4,5-四氟苯甲酸的摩尔比为6:1。
10.一种高强度耐磨复合挡泥板,其特征在于,由权利要求1-9中任一项工艺加工得到。
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| CN114836901A (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-02 | 江阴市宏勇医疗科技发展有限公司 | 用作医疗卫生材料的活性炭熔喷无纺布的生产方法 |
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| CN116891583A (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-17 | 南通惠得成包装材料有限公司 | 一种可生物降解高阻隔软包装复合膜及其制备方法 |
| JPWO2024048610A1 (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114836901A (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-02 | 江阴市宏勇医疗科技发展有限公司 | 用作医疗卫生材料的活性炭熔喷无纺布的生产方法 |
| CN114836901B (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-01-31 | 江阴市宏勇医疗科技发展有限公司 | 用作医疗卫生材料的活性炭熔喷无纺布的生产方法 |
| CN115028986A (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-09 | 重庆泰山电缆有限公司 | 电缆护套材料及制备方法 |
| CN115028986B (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-06-23 | 重庆泰山电缆有限公司 | 电缆护套材料及制备方法 |
| JPWO2024048610A1 (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | ||
| WO2024048610A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 株式会社クレハ | 疎水変性処理セルロースファイバーおよびその製造方法 |
| JP7796237B2 (ja) | 2022-08-31 | 2026-01-08 | 株式会社クレハ | 疎水変性処理セルロースファイバーおよびその製造方法 |
| CN116891583A (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-17 | 南通惠得成包装材料有限公司 | 一种可生物降解高阻隔软包装复合膜及其制备方法 |
| CN116891583B (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2024-03-08 | 南通惠得成包装材料有限公司 | 一种可生物降解高阻隔软包装复合膜及其制备方法 |
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